Ng (Arabic letter): Difference between revisions

Ng
Ng
ڭ‎ ݣ‎
Usage
Writing system	Arabic script
Type	Abjad
Language of origin	Ottoman Turkish
Sound values	[ŋ]
In Unicode	U+0763, U+06AD
History
Development	كـ ك‎ ڭ‎ ݣ‎; ; ; ; ; ;
Sisters	ګ; ڬ; ڮ; گ; ݢ; ࢴ; ;
Other
Writing direction	Right-to-left
	This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

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Revision as of 17:56, 23 April 2024

Ng or Naf (ݣ‎ or ڭ‎) is an additional letter of the Arabic script, derived from kāf (ك ک‎) with the addition of three dots above the letter. The letter was used in Ottoman Turkish to represent a velar /ŋ/ and is still used for /ŋ/ when writing Turkic languages.

Position in word	Isolated	Final	Medial	Initial
Glyph form: (Help)	ݣ‎	ـݣ‎	ـݣـ‎	ݣـ‎

Position in word	Isolated	Final	Medial	Initial
Glyph form: (Help)	ڭ‎	ـڭ‎	ـڭـ‎	ڭـ‎

Usage

In Ottoman Turkish, it represented the velar /ŋ/. An example is the word däŋiz (دݣز, 'sea'). The letter is used or has been used to write /ŋ/ in:

It is also used in Moroccan Arabic for /ɡ/.

The Xiao'erjing script variant ݣ‎ is used to spell /ŋ/ in Sinitic languages such as Mandarin (especially the Lanyin, Zhongyuan and Northeastern dialects) and the Dungan language.

Other characters used to represent /ŋ/

Southeast Asian nga

Position in word	Isolated	Final	Medial	Initial
Glyph form: (Help)	ڠ‎	ـڠ‎	ـڠـ‎	ڠـ‎

This letter, derived from ghayn (غ‎), is used to represent /ŋ/ in:

the Jawi script,^[1] for
- Acehnese
- Banjarese
- Kerinci
- Maguindanaon
- Malay
- Minangkabau
- Tausūg
- Ternate
the Pegon script, for
- Javanese
- Sundanese
Arabic Afrikaans, for Afrikaans historically, called ngīn (IPA: [ŋiːn])

Wolof ngōn

Position in word	Isolated	Final	Medial	Initial
Glyph form: (Help)	ݝ‎	ـݝ‎	ـݝـ‎	ݝـ‎

This letter is also derived from ghayn. Called ngōn (IPA: [ŋɔːn]), it is used in the Wolofal alphabet to represent /ŋ/ in the Wolof language.^[2]^[3] Two variants of kāf were also used: ڭ‎ as in Turkic, and ݤ‎‎ below.

Position in word	Isolated	Final	Medial	Initial
Glyph form: (Help)	ݤ‎	ـݤ‎	ـݤـ‎	ݤـ‎

Sindhi ngāf

Position in word	Isolated	Final	Medial	Initial
Glyph form: (Help)	ڱ‎‎‎	ـڱ‎‎‎	ـڱ‎‎ـ‎	ڱ‎‎ـ‎

Derived from the Perso-Arabic gāf (گ) and called ngāf [ŋäːf], is used in Sindhi for /ŋ/ when written in the Arabic script.

Tamil nga

Position in word	Isolated	Final	Medial	Initial
Glyph form: (Help)	ࢳ‎	ـࢳ‎	ـࢳـ‎	ࢳـ‎

This letter is also derived from ghayn, with three dots inside the descender, to represent /ŋ/ in the Arwi script used for Tamil.

References

^ Daftar Kata Bahasa Melayu Rumi-Sebutan-Jawi, Dewan Bahasa Pustaka, 5th printing, 2006.
^ Priest, Lorna A; Hosken, Martin; SIL International (12 August 2010). "Proposal to add Arabic script characters for African and Asian languages" (PDF). pp. 13–18, 34–37.
^ Currah, Galien (26 August 2015) ORTHOGRAPHE WOLOFAL. Link (Archive)

[1] Daftar Kata Bahasa Melayu Rumi-Sebutan-Jawi, Dewan Bahasa Pustaka, 5th printing, 2006.

[proposal-2] Priest, Lorna A; Hosken, Martin; SIL International (12 August 2010). "Proposal to add Arabic script characters for African and Asian languages" (PDF). pp. 13–18, 34–37.

[Currah-3] Currah, Galien (26 August 2015) ORTHOGRAPHE WOLOFAL. Link (Archive)

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 81: / Line 81: @@
 === Sindhi ''ngāf'' ===
 {{Arabic alphabet shapes|ڱ‎‎}}
-Derived from the Perso-Arabic {{lang|fa|گ}} and called {{transl|sd|ngāf}} {{IPA-sd|ŋäːf|}}, is used in [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] for {{IPAslink|ŋ}} when written in the Arabic script.
+Derived from the Perso-Arabic {{transl|fa|gāf}} ({{lang|fa|[[گ]]}}) and called {{transl|sd|ngāf}} {{IPA-sd|ŋäːf|}}, is used in [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] for {{IPAslink|ŋ}} when written in the Arabic script.
 === Tamil ''nga'' ===