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| nickname = M. M. Alam, Little Dragon
| nickname = M. M. Alam, Little Dragon
| allegiance = {{PAK}}
| allegiance = {{PAK}}
| serviceyears = 1953–1982
| serviceyears = 1953 – 1982
| branch = {{Air force|Pakistan}}
| branch = {{Air force|Pakistan}}
| rank = [[File:US-O7 insignia.svg|20px]] [[Air commodore]]
| rank = [[File:US-O7 insignia.svg|20px]] [[Air commodore]]
| commands =
| commands =
| servicenumber = Pak/1492
| servicenumber = Pak/1492
| unit = [[List of Pakistan Air Force Squadrons|No. 11 Squadron Arrows]] (1965)<ref name=PAF>{{cite web|url=http://www.paf.gov.pk/mmalam.html|title=Events&nbsp;– M M Alam's F-86|publisher=Pakistan Air Force (official website)|access-date=5 March 2010|location=Pakistan}}</ref><br />[[List of Pakistan Air Force Squadrons|No. 5 Squadron Falcons]]
| unit = [[List of Pakistan Air Force Squadrons|No. 11 Squadron Arrows]] (1965)<<br />[[List of Pakistan Air Force Squadrons|No. 5 Squadron Falcons]]
| battles = [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]<br />[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]<br />[[Soviet–Afghan War]]
| battles = [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]<br />[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]<br />[[Soviet–Afghan War]]
| awards = [[File:Sitara-e-Jurat.png|60px]] {{small|[[Sitara-i-Jurat|Sitara-e-Jurat & Bar<ref group="note" name="MW Note 3" />]]}}<br />[[File:Sitara-e-Imtiaz.png|60px]] {{small|[[Sitara-i-Imtiaz|Sitara-e-Imtiaz (Military)]]}}
| awards = [[File:Sitara-e-Jurat.png|60px]] {{small|[[Sitara-i-Jurat|Sitara-e-Jurat & Bar<ref group="note" name="MW Note 3" />]]}}<br />[[File:Sitara-e-Imtiaz.png|60px]] {{small|[[Sitara-i-Imtiaz|Sitara-e-Imtiaz (Military)]]}}
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Alam's claims have been contested by retired PAF [[Air Commodore]] [[Sajad Haider]], of which the context, is a rivalry between Alam and Haider. The Indian Air Force, denied losing five Hawker Hunter aircraft on 7 September.<ref name="Nordeen's Indo-Pak 1965 Conflict"/><ref name=avhist>''Pakistan's Sabre Ace'' by Jon Guttman, Aviation History, Sept 1998.</ref> In a 2009 memoir, Haider wrote that it was "tactically and mathematically very difficult" to reconstruct the downing of "five Hunters in a hard ... 270-degree turn in 23 seconds."<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/Flight_of_the_Falcon_Sajad_S_Haider|title=Flight of the Falcon- Demolishing Myths of Indo Pak Wars 1965-1971|last=Haider|first=Sajad S.|publisher=Vanguard Books Pvt Ltd.|year=2009|isbn=9789694025261|location=Lahore, Pakistan|pages=[https://archive.org/details/Flight_of_the_Falcon_Sajad_S_Haider/page/n4 69]|quote=}}</ref> The fact that no verifiable [[gun camera]] footage of his kills was ever made public by the Pakistani authorities further casts doubt on his claim.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bowman|first=Martin W.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jliqCwAAQBAJ&q=gun%20camera%20footage%20of%20Alam%20kill&pg=PT196|title=Cold War Jet Combat: Air-to-Air Jet Fighter Operations, 1950–1972|date=2016-01-30|publisher=Pen and Sword|isbn=978-1-4738-7462-6|language=en}}</ref>
Alam's claims have been contested by retired PAF [[Air Commodore]] [[Sajad Haider]], of which the context, is a rivalry between Alam and Haider. The Indian Air Force, denied losing five Hawker Hunter aircraft on 7 September.<ref name="Nordeen's Indo-Pak 1965 Conflict"/><ref name=avhist>''Pakistan's Sabre Ace'' by Jon Guttman, Aviation History, Sept 1998.</ref> In a 2009 memoir, Haider wrote that it was "tactically and mathematically very difficult" to reconstruct the downing of "five Hunters in a hard ... 270-degree turn in 23 seconds."<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/Flight_of_the_Falcon_Sajad_S_Haider|title=Flight of the Falcon- Demolishing Myths of Indo Pak Wars 1965-1971|last=Haider|first=Sajad S.|publisher=Vanguard Books Pvt Ltd.|year=2009|isbn=9789694025261|location=Lahore, Pakistan|pages=[https://archive.org/details/Flight_of_the_Falcon_Sajad_S_Haider/page/n4 69]|quote=}}</ref> The fact that no verifiable [[gun camera]] footage of his kills was ever made public by the Pakistani authorities further casts doubt on his claim.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bowman|first=Martin W.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jliqCwAAQBAJ&q=gun%20camera%20footage%20of%20Alam%20kill&pg=PT196|title=Cold War Jet Combat: Air-to-Air Jet Fighter Operations, 1950–1972|date=2016-01-30|publisher=Pen and Sword|isbn=978-1-4738-7462-6|language=en}}</ref>


The action of 7 September 1965 resulted in Alam being placed at the top of a Hall Of Fame list at the Pakistan Air Force Museum in Karachi.
The action of 7 September 1965 resulted in Alam being placed at the top of a Hall Of Fame list at the [[Pakistan Air Force Museum]] in Karachi.


=== Later years ===
=== Later years ===
Line 58: Line 58:


==Memorials==
==Memorials==
[[M. M. Alam Road]], a major road in [[Lahore]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]] is named in honour of the [[ace in a day|flying ace]] of [[Pakistan Air Force]], Air Commodore Muhammad Mahmood Alam, running from Main Market to [[Gulberg, Lahore|Gulberg]]. The road runs parallel to famous Main Boulevard thus providing an alternate route and is a commercial hub with many restaurants, fashion boutiques, shopping malls, beauty saloons and décor stores. M.M. Alam Road hosts a variety of flamboyant restaurants in modern Lahore.<ref>{{cite web|last=Haq |first=Shahram |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/88625/urban-planning-M.M-Alam-road-to-be-heart-of-new-business-district/ |title=Urban planning: MM Alam Road to be heart of new business district&nbsp;– The Express Tribune |date=11 December 2010 |publisher=Tribune.com.pk |access-date=20 January 2012}}</ref> On 20 March 2014, on account of his first death anniversary, the PAF Airbase Mianwali was renamed after him as [[PAF Base M.M. Alam]].<ref name="Dawn: Renaming">{{cite news|title=Pakistan not sending troops to Bahrain or Saudi: PM|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1094412/pakistan-not-sending-troops-to-bahrain-or-saudi-pm|access-date=20 March 2014|newspaper=Dawn|date=20 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Web Desk |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/685226/paf-honours-ace-pilot-mm-alam-renames-mianwali-air-base-after-him/ |title=PAF honours ace pilot MM Alam, renames Mianwali air base after him – The Express Tribune |publisher=Tribune.com.pk |date=27 February 2014 |access-date=21 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Imaduddin |url=http://www.brecorder.com/top-news/1-front-top-news/163520-paf-mianwali-base-renamed-as-mm-alam-airbase.html |title=PAF Mianwali Base renamed as M.M. Alam Airbase |publisher=Brecorder.com |access-date=21 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenewstribe.com/2014/03/20/pm-nawaz-sharif-names-paf-base-mianwali-after-mm-alam/ |title=PM Nawaz Sharif names PAF base Mianwali after MM Alam |publisher=The News Tribe |access-date=21 March 2014}}</ref>
[[M. M. Alam Road]], a major road in [[Lahore]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]] is named in honour of the [[ace in a day|flying ace]] of [[Pakistan Air Force]], Air Commodore Muhammad Mahmood Alam, running from Main Market to [[Gulberg, Lahore|Gulberg]]. The road runs parallel to famous Main Boulevard thus providing an alternate route and is a commercial hub with many restaurants, fashion boutiques, shopping malls, beauty saloons and décor stores. M.M. Alam Road hosts a variety of flamboyant restaurants in modern Lahore.<ref>{{cite web|last=Haq |first=Shahram |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/88625/urban-planning-M.M-Alam-road-to-be-heart-of-new-business-district/ |title=Urban planning: MM Alam Road to be heart of new business district&nbsp;– The Express Tribune |date=11 December 2010 |publisher=Tribune.com.pk |access-date=20 January 2012}}</ref> On 20 March 2014, on account of his first death anniversary, the PAF Airbase Mianwali was renamed after him as [[PAF Base M.M. Alam]].<ref name="Dawn: Renaming">{{cite news|title=Pakistan not sending troops to Bahrain or Saudi: PM|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1094412/pakistan-not-sending-troops-to-bahrain-or-saudi-pm|access-date=20 March 2014|newspaper=Dawn|date=20 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Web Desk |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/685226/paf-honours-ace-pilot-mm-alam-renames-mianwali-air-base-after-him/ |title=PAF honours ace pilot MM Alam, renames Mianwali air base after him – The Express Tribune |publisher=Tribune.com.pk |date=27 February 2014 |access-date=21 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Imaduddin |url=https://www.brecorder.com/top-news/1-front-top-news/163520-paf-mianwali-base-renamed-as-mm-alam-airbase.html |title=PAF Mianwali Base renamed as M.M. Alam Airbase |newspaper=Business Recorder newspaper |access-date=15 May 2024}}</ref>


== Awards and decorations ==
== Awards and decorations ==
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|}
|}


==Commemorative postage stamp==
On 20 March 2014, [[Pakistan Post]] issued a commemorative postage stamp to honor him and his services to Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tareekhepakistan.com/detail?title_id=2139&dtd_id=2021|title=Commemorative postage stamp issued for M. M. Alam|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304085740/http://www.tareekhepakistan.com/detail?title_id=2139&dtd_id=2021|archive-date=4 March 2021|website=Tareekh-e-Pakistan website|url-status=dead|access-date=15 May 2024}}</ref>
==See also==
==See also==
* [[Aviators who became ace in a day]]
* [[Aviators who became ace in a day]]

Revision as of 00:07, 16 May 2024

Air Commodore

M.M. Alam


Sitara-e-Jurat & Bar[note 1]
SJ & Bar[note 1] SI(M)
Muhammad Mahmood Alam in 2010
Nickname(s)M. M. Alam, Little Dragon
Born(1935-07-06)6 July 1935
Calcutta, Bengal, British India
(present-day, Kolkata, West Bengal, India)
Died18 March 2013(2013-03-18) (aged 77)
Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
Allegiance Pakistan
Service / branch Pakistan Air Force
Years of service1953 – 1982
Rank Air commodore
Service numberPak/1492
UnitNo. 11 Squadron Arrows (1965)<
No. 5 Squadron Falcons
Battles / warsIndo-Pakistani War of 1965
Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
Soviet–Afghan War
Awards Sitara-e-Jurat & Bar[note 1]
Sitara-e-Imtiaz (Military)

Air Commodore Muhammad Mahmood Alam SJ & Bar[note 1] SI(M) (Template:Lang-bn; Template:Lang-ur; 6 July 1935 – 18 March 2013), popularly known as M. M. Alam, was a Pakistani fighter pilot and war hero, officially credited by the Pakistan Air Force with having downed five Indian fighter aircraft in under a minute and establishing a world record during the 1965 Indo-Pak War.[1]

He was a F-86 Sabre flying ace as per Pakistan Air Force records. He was awarded the Sitara-e-Jurat twice, the nation's third highest military award for his actions.

Early life

Alam was born on 6 July 1935 to an ethnic Muhajir Muslim family hailing from Calcutta, Bengal, British India. Born and raised in Bengal, Alam was a fluent Bengali speaker, it being his mother tongue. He was of mixed heritage: his maternal line was of Bengali origin and his paternal line was of Bihari origin, having migrated from Patna and later settled in the Bengal province of British India for a long time.[2] His family migrated from Calcutta to East Bengal (which later became East Pakistan) following the creation of Pakistan in 1947.[2] It was in East Pakistan where Alam completed his secondary education, graduating from the Government High School in Dhaka in 1951. He joined the then Royal Pakistani Air Force (now Pakistan Air Force) in 1952, being commissioned on 2 October 1953.[3] Alam's brothers are M. Shahid Alam, an economist and a professor at Northeastern University,[4][5] and M. Sajjad Alam, who was a particle physicist at SUNY Albany.[6]

His family moved to West Pakistan in 1971, after the Bangladesh Liberation War in erstwhile East Pakistan.[2] Being the eldest of his 11 siblings, Alam did not marry as he had to assume the responsibilities of the upbringing of his family.[citation needed] Some of his younger brothers became distinguished in various academic careers.[3]

Service with the Pakistan Air Force

Indo-Pakistani War of 1965

MM Alam poses with his F-86 Sabre. Indian Flags as kill marks visible on the nose of the sabre. Large flags mean confirmed kills whole smaller ones refer to probable or damaged.

During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, Alam was posted at Sargodha with No. 11 Squadron PAF.

According to the PAF and eyewitness accounts, in a single sortie on 7 September 1965, Alam downed five aircraft in less than a minute, it was claimed that he had downed 7 Hunters, but 2 of which were 'probable' kills.[7][8][9][10][11] Regarding his last four claims, Alam stated that while before he had completed "270 degrees of turn, at around 12 degrees per second ... four Hunters had been shot down."[9] With five claims on 7 September, Alam also effectively claimed to have achieved "ace in a day" status, in world record time.

Alam's claims have been contested by retired PAF Air Commodore Sajad Haider, of which the context, is a rivalry between Alam and Haider. The Indian Air Force, denied losing five Hawker Hunter aircraft on 7 September.[11][12] In a 2009 memoir, Haider wrote that it was "tactically and mathematically very difficult" to reconstruct the downing of "five Hunters in a hard ... 270-degree turn in 23 seconds."[13] The fact that no verifiable gun camera footage of his kills was ever made public by the Pakistani authorities further casts doubt on his claim.[14]

The action of 7 September 1965 resulted in Alam being placed at the top of a Hall Of Fame list at the Pakistan Air Force Museum in Karachi.

Later years

In 1967, he was appointed Squadron Commander of the first squadron of Dassault Mirage III fighters procured by the PAF. In 1982, he retired as an Air commodore and took up residence in Karachi.

Death

Alam was admitted to Pakistan Naval Station Shifa Hospital in Karachi where he died on 18 March 2013, aged 77.[15] He was being treated for respiratory problems for 18 months. Alam's funeral prayer was performed at the PAF Base Masroor, where he served some of the significant years of his career. Alam was buried at the Shuhuda (Martyrs) Graveyard, located at PAF Masroor Airbase. Air Chief Marshal Tahir Rafique Butt, Sindh Governor Dr Ishratul Ebad, Air Chief Marshal (Ret.) Farooq Feroze Khan, Sindh corps commander Lt. Gen Ijaz Chaudhry, Pakistan Rangers (Sindh) Director-General Maj. Gen. Rizwan Akhtar, Base Commander PAF Base Masroor Air Commodore Usaid ur Rehman, many war veterans of the 1965 war and Alam's closest colleagues attended the funeral. One of the younger brothers of the deceased, Zubair Alam, was also present.[3]

Memorials

M. M. Alam Road, a major road in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan is named in honour of the flying ace of Pakistan Air Force, Air Commodore Muhammad Mahmood Alam, running from Main Market to Gulberg. The road runs parallel to famous Main Boulevard thus providing an alternate route and is a commercial hub with many restaurants, fashion boutiques, shopping malls, beauty saloons and décor stores. M.M. Alam Road hosts a variety of flamboyant restaurants in modern Lahore.[16] On 20 March 2014, on account of his first death anniversary, the PAF Airbase Mianwali was renamed after him as PAF Base M.M. Alam.[17][18][19]

Awards and decorations

Sitara-e-Jurat & Bar[note 1]

(Star of Courage)

1. 1965 War

2. 1971 War

Sitara-e-Imtiaz

(Military)

(Star of Excellence)

Tamgha-e-Diffa

(General Service Medal)

1. 1965 War Clasp

2. 1971 War Clasp

Sitara-e-Harb 1965 War

(War Star 1965)

Sitara-e-Harb 1971 War

(War Star 1971)

Tamgha-e-Jang 1965 War

(War Medal 1965)

Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War

(War Medal 1971)

Tamgha-e-Sad Saala Jashan-e-

Wiladat-e-Quaid-e-Azam

(100th Birth Anniversary of

Muhammad Ali Jinnah)

1976

Tamgha-e-Jamhuria

(Republic Commemoration Medal)

1956

Hijri Tamgha

(Hijri Medal)

1979

Commemorative postage stamp

On 20 March 2014, Pakistan Post issued a commemorative postage stamp to honor him and his services to Pakistan.[20]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e "Bar" refers to a second award of the same honour

References

  1. ^ Dawn Newspaper, [1];
  2. ^ a b c "Knowing MM Alam". The Nation. 6 September 2013. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
  3. ^ a b c Iconic war veteran MM Alam passes away, The News International. Retrieved on 19 March 2013.
  4. ^ Institute for Policy Research & Development, Advisory Board Archived 4 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine; Dr. M. Shahid Alam Archived 4 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ Cihan Aksan, State of Nature, On Islam: An Interview with M. Shahid Alam
  6. ^ Department of Physics, M. Sajjad Alam.
  7. ^ Iqbal, Arif. "Eye-witness to M.M. Alam's encounter with the IAF". PAKISTAN INSTITUTE FOR AIR DEFENCE STUDIES. Archived from the original on 30 April 2003. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
  8. ^ Air Cdre M Kaiser Tufail. "Alam's Speed-shooting Classic". Defencejournal.com. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 15 November 2011.
  9. ^ a b Fricker, John (1979). Battle for Pakistan: the air war of 1965. I. Allan. pp. 15–17. ISBN 9780711009295.
  10. ^ Polmar, Norman; Bell, Dana (2003). One hundred years of world military aircraft. Naval Institute Press. p. 354. ISBN 978-1-59114-686-5. Mohammed Mahmood Alam claimed five victories against Indian Air Force Hawker Hunters, four of them in less than one minute! Alam, who ended the conflict with 9 kills, became history's only jet "ace-in-a-day."
  11. ^ a b O' Nordeen, Lon (1985). Air Warfare in the Missile Age. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 84–87. ISBN 978-0-87474-680-8.
  12. ^ Pakistan's Sabre Ace by Jon Guttman, Aviation History, Sept 1998.
  13. ^ Haider, Sajad S. (2009). Flight of the Falcon- Demolishing Myths of Indo Pak Wars 1965-1971. Lahore, Pakistan: Vanguard Books Pvt Ltd. pp. 69. ISBN 9789694025261.
  14. ^ Bowman, Martin W. (30 January 2016). Cold War Jet Combat: Air-to-Air Jet Fighter Operations, 1950–1972. Pen and Sword. ISBN 978-1-4738-7462-6.
  15. ^ M. M. Alam passes away in Karachi, Dawn (newspaper). Retrieved on 19 March 2013.
  16. ^ Haq, Shahram (11 December 2010). "Urban planning: MM Alam Road to be heart of new business district – The Express Tribune". Tribune.com.pk. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
  17. ^ "Pakistan not sending troops to Bahrain or Saudi: PM". Dawn. 20 March 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
  18. ^ Web Desk (27 February 2014). "PAF honours ace pilot MM Alam, renames Mianwali air base after him – The Express Tribune". Tribune.com.pk. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  19. ^ Imaduddin. "PAF Mianwali Base renamed as M.M. Alam Airbase". Business Recorder newspaper. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
  20. ^ "Commemorative postage stamp issued for M. M. Alam". Tareekh-e-Pakistan website. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2024.

Further reading

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