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A '''Jewish dairy restaurant''', '''dairy lunchroom''' or '''dairy deli''' (''milkhik'' or ''milchig'' restaurant) is a type of [[vegetarian]] [[kosher restaurant]], [[luncheonette]] or eat-in [[diner]] in [[Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine]]. Due to the strict rules for separating [[milk and meat in Jewish law]], dairy restaurants evolved as an alternative to [[Jewish delicatessen]]s which specialized in meat (''fleischig'').<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kraemer |first=David C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EszxDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22jewish+dairy%22&pg=PT150 |title=Jewish Eating and Identity Through the Ages |date=2020-07-24 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-15938-7 |language=en}}</ref> Descended from the ''milchhallen'' or "milk pavilions" of Europe, they began appearing in the [[History of the Jews in New York City|Jewish immigrant community]] of the [[Lower East Side]] in the late 19th and early 20th century, where there were at one time hundreds of dairy restaurants.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Katchor |first=Ben |date=2020-03-10 |title=How Dairy Lunchrooms Became Alternatives to the NYC Saloon 'Free Lunch.' |url=https://lithub.com/how-jewish-dairy-lunchrooms-became-alternatives-to-saloons-in-prohibition-era-nyc/ |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=Literary Hub |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Elinsky |first=Kate |date=2020-06-30 |title=The Milchik Way |url=https://jewishreviewofbooks.com/articles/8041/the-milchik-way/# |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=Jewish Review of Books |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-27 |title=Add this to your quarantine reading list: 500 pages on Jewish dairy restaurants and the 'milkhideke' personality |url=https://forward.com/life/444549/quarantine-read-of-the-week-500-pages-on-jewish-dairies-and-the-milkhideke/ |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=The Forward |language=en}}</ref> They were also found in [[Chicago]] and [[Toronto]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Haddix |first1=Carol |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F4YyDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22jewish+dairy%22&pg=PT195 |title=The Chicago Food Encyclopedia |last2=Kraig |first2=Bruce |last3=Sen |first3=Colleen Taylor |date=2017-08-16 |publisher=University of Illinois Press |isbn=978-0-252-09977-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rosen |first=Amy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5i9-DwAAQBAJ&dq=%22jewish+dairy%22&pg=PT96 |title=Kosher Style: Over 100 Jewish Recipes for the Modern Cook: A Cookbook |date=2019-09-03 |publisher=Appetite by Random House |isbn=978-0-525-60990-2 |language=en}}</ref> Their menus include items such as [[potato latkes]], [[gefilte fish]], vegetarian (''milkhiker'') [[borscht]], [[kugel]], [[protose]] (a synthetic vegetable meat substitute), [[pierogies]], [[milk toast]], [[poppy cake]]s, [[buttermilk]], cheese [[blintzes]] and [[kreplach]], as well as American dishes such as [[scrambled eggs]] or [[tuna fish salad]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marks |first=Gil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gFK_yx7Ps7cC&dq=%22jewish+dairy%22&pg=PT1029 |title=Encyclopedia of Jewish Food |date=2010-11-17 |publisher=HMH |isbn=978-0-544-18631-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hersh |first=June |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HuKfEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22jewish+dairy%22&pg=PA108 |title=Iconic New York Jewish Food: A History and Guide with Recipes |date=2023 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=978-1-4671-5260-0 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Katchor |first=Ben |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oLXPDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22jewish+dairy%22&pg=PA315 |title=The Dairy Restaurant |date=2020-03-10 |publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-8052-4219-5 |language=en}}</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/16/books/review-dairy-restaurant-ben-katchor.html]</ref> Notable examples frequented by Jewish immigrants include [[B&H Dairy]] and [[Ratner's]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Gary Scott |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XkTPEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22jewish+dairy%22&pg=RA1-PA52 |title=American Religious History: Belief and Society through Time [3 volumes] |date=2020-12-07 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-1-4408-6161-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Halper |first=Emanuel B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v2oQd1HGNekC&dq=%22jewish+dairy%22&pg=RA5-SA9-PA125 |title=Shopping Center and Store Leases |date=2001 |publisher=Law Journal Press |isbn=978-1-58852-003-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Stein |first1=Lori |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V6szDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22jewish+dairy%22&pg=PA209 |title=Let's Eat: Jewish Food and Faith |last2=Isaacs |first2=Ronald H. |date=2023-06-14 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4422-7104-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sherman |first=Susan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EMfqAwAAQBAJ&dq=%22jewish+dairy%22&pg=PA95 |title=Nirvana on Ninth Street |date=2014-09-01 |publisher=Wings Press |isbn=978-1-60940-408-6 |language=en}}</ref>
A '''Jewish dairy restaurant''', '''dairy lunchroom''' or '''dairy deli''' (''milkhik'' or ''milchig'' restaurant) is a type of [[vegetarian]] [[kosher restaurant]], [[luncheonette]] or eat-in [[diner]] in [[Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine]], particularly [[American Jewish cuisine]] and the [[cuisine of New York City]]. Due to the strict rules for separating [[milk and meat in Jewish law]], dairy restaurants evolved as an alternative to [[Jewish delicatessen]]s which specialized in meat (''fleischig'').<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kraemer |first=David C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EszxDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22jewish+dairy%22&pg=PT150 |title=Jewish Eating and Identity Through the Ages |date=2020-07-24 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-15938-7 |language=en}}</ref> Descended from the ''milchhallen'' or "milk pavilions" of Europe, they began appearing in the [[History of the Jews in New York City|Jewish immigrant community]] of the [[Lower East Side]] in the late 19th and early 20th century, where there were at one time hundreds of dairy restaurants.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Katchor |first=Ben |date=2020-03-10 |title=How Dairy Lunchrooms Became Alternatives to the NYC Saloon 'Free Lunch.' |url=https://lithub.com/how-jewish-dairy-lunchrooms-became-alternatives-to-saloons-in-prohibition-era-nyc/ |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=Literary Hub |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Elinsky |first=Kate |date=2020-06-30 |title=The Milchik Way |url=https://jewishreviewofbooks.com/articles/8041/the-milchik-way/# |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=Jewish Review of Books |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-27 |title=Add this to your quarantine reading list: 500 pages on Jewish dairy restaurants and the 'milkhideke' personality |url=https://forward.com/life/444549/quarantine-read-of-the-week-500-pages-on-jewish-dairies-and-the-milkhideke/ |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=The Forward |language=en}}</ref> They were also found in [[Chicago]] and [[Toronto]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Haddix |first1=Carol |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F4YyDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22jewish+dairy%22&pg=PT195 |title=The Chicago Food Encyclopedia |last2=Kraig |first2=Bruce |last3=Sen |first3=Colleen Taylor |date=2017-08-16 |publisher=University of Illinois Press |isbn=978-0-252-09977-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rosen |first=Amy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5i9-DwAAQBAJ&dq=%22jewish+dairy%22&pg=PT96 |title=Kosher Style: Over 100 Jewish Recipes for the Modern Cook: A Cookbook |date=2019-09-03 |publisher=Appetite by Random House |isbn=978-0-525-60990-2 |language=en}}</ref> Their menus include items such as [[potato latkes]], [[gefilte fish]], vegetarian (''milkhiker'') [[borscht]], [[kugel]], [[protose]] (a synthetic vegetable meat substitute), [[pierogies]], [[milk toast]], [[poppy cake]]s, [[buttermilk]], cheese [[blintzes]] and [[kreplach]], as well as American dishes such as [[scrambled eggs]] or [[tuna fish salad]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marks |first=Gil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gFK_yx7Ps7cC&dq=%22jewish+dairy%22&pg=PT1029 |title=Encyclopedia of Jewish Food |date=2010-11-17 |publisher=HMH |isbn=978-0-544-18631-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hersh |first=June |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HuKfEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22jewish+dairy%22&pg=PA108 |title=Iconic New York Jewish Food: A History and Guide with Recipes |date=2023 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=978-1-4671-5260-0 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Katchor |first=Ben |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oLXPDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22jewish+dairy%22&pg=PA315 |title=The Dairy Restaurant |date=2020-03-10 |publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-8052-4219-5 |language=en}}</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/16/books/review-dairy-restaurant-ben-katchor.html]</ref> Notable examples frequented by Jewish immigrants include [[B&H Dairy]] and [[Ratner's]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Gary Scott |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XkTPEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22jewish+dairy%22&pg=RA1-PA52 |title=American Religious History: Belief and Society through Time [3 volumes] |date=2020-12-07 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-1-4408-6161-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Halper |first=Emanuel B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v2oQd1HGNekC&dq=%22jewish+dairy%22&pg=RA5-SA9-PA125 |title=Shopping Center and Store Leases |date=2001 |publisher=Law Journal Press |isbn=978-1-58852-003-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Stein |first1=Lori |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V6szDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22jewish+dairy%22&pg=PA209 |title=Let's Eat: Jewish Food and Faith |last2=Isaacs |first2=Ronald H. |date=2023-06-14 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4422-7104-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sherman |first=Susan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EMfqAwAAQBAJ&dq=%22jewish+dairy%22&pg=PA95 |title=Nirvana on Ninth Street |date=2014-09-01 |publisher=Wings Press |isbn=978-1-60940-408-6 |language=en}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 08:59, 8 September 2024

A Jewish dairy restaurant, dairy lunchroom or dairy deli (milkhik or milchig restaurant) is a type of vegetarian kosher restaurant, luncheonette or eat-in diner in Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine, particularly American Jewish cuisine and the cuisine of New York City. Due to the strict rules for separating milk and meat in Jewish law, dairy restaurants evolved as an alternative to Jewish delicatessens which specialized in meat (fleischig).[1] Descended from the milchhallen or "milk pavilions" of Europe, they began appearing in the Jewish immigrant community of the Lower East Side in the late 19th and early 20th century, where there were at one time hundreds of dairy restaurants.[2][3][4] They were also found in Chicago and Toronto.[5][6] Their menus include items such as potato latkes, gefilte fish, vegetarian (milkhiker) borscht, kugel, protose (a synthetic vegetable meat substitute), pierogies, milk toast, poppy cakes, buttermilk, cheese blintzes and kreplach, as well as American dishes such as scrambled eggs or tuna fish salad.[7][8][9][10] Notable examples frequented by Jewish immigrants include B&H Dairy and Ratner's.[11][12][13][14]

References

  1. ^ Kraemer, David C. (2020-07-24). Jewish Eating and Identity Through the Ages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-15938-7.
  2. ^ Katchor, Ben (2020-03-10). "How Dairy Lunchrooms Became Alternatives to the NYC Saloon 'Free Lunch.'". Literary Hub. Retrieved 2024-09-08.
  3. ^ Elinsky, Kate (2020-06-30). "The Milchik Way". Jewish Review of Books. Retrieved 2024-09-08.
  4. ^ "Add this to your quarantine reading list: 500 pages on Jewish dairy restaurants and the 'milkhideke' personality". The Forward. 2020-05-27. Retrieved 2024-09-08.
  5. ^ Haddix, Carol; Kraig, Bruce; Sen, Colleen Taylor (2017-08-16). The Chicago Food Encyclopedia. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-09977-9.
  6. ^ Rosen, Amy (2019-09-03). Kosher Style: Over 100 Jewish Recipes for the Modern Cook: A Cookbook. Appetite by Random House. ISBN 978-0-525-60990-2.
  7. ^ Marks, Gil (2010-11-17). Encyclopedia of Jewish Food. HMH. ISBN 978-0-544-18631-6.
  8. ^ Hersh, June (2023). Iconic New York Jewish Food: A History and Guide with Recipes. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4671-5260-0.
  9. ^ Katchor, Ben (2020-03-10). The Dairy Restaurant. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8052-4219-5.
  10. ^ [1]
  11. ^ Smith, Gary Scott (2020-12-07). American Religious History: Belief and Society through Time [3 volumes]. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 978-1-4408-6161-1.
  12. ^ Halper, Emanuel B. (2001). Shopping Center and Store Leases. Law Journal Press. ISBN 978-1-58852-003-6.
  13. ^ Stein, Lori; Isaacs, Ronald H. (2023-06-14). Let's Eat: Jewish Food and Faith. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-4422-7104-3.
  14. ^ Sherman, Susan (2014-09-01). Nirvana on Ninth Street. Wings Press. ISBN 978-1-60940-408-6.
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