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'''''Neolithodes''''' is a [[genus]] of king crabs, in the family [[Lithodidae]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Neolithodes A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier 1894 {{!}} Names|url=https://eol.org/pages/46505295/names|website=[[Encyclopedia of Life]]|access-date=17 November 2018}}</ref> They are found in all major [[Ocean|oceans]], both in high and low [[latitude]]s. Although there are records from water as shallow as {{cvt|124|m|ft}} in cold regions, most records are much deeper, typically {{cvt|700-2000|m|ft|}}, with the deepest confirmed at {{cvt|5238|m|ft}}.<ref>{{Cite book|title=King Crabs of the World: Biology and Fisheries Management|publisher=CRC Press|year=2014|isbn=978-1-4398-5541-6|editor-last=Stevens|editor-first=Bradley G.|doi=10.1201/b16664|lccn=2013036692}}{{Page needed|date=May 2020}}</ref><ref name="Quigley1997">{{Cite journal|last1=Quigley|first1=Declan T. G.|last2=Flannery|first2=Kevin|date=April 1997|title=''Neolithodes grimaldii'' Milne Edwards & Bouvier 1894 (''Lithodes goodei'' Benedict 1895) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) in Irish offshore waters|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277142759|journal=[[Irish Naturalists' Journal]]|volume=25|issue=10|pages=373–374|jstor=25536085|via=[[ResearchGate]]|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="Ahyong2010">{{Cite journal|last=Ahyong|first=Shane T.|date=18 February 2010|title=''Neolithodes flindersi'', a new species of king crab from southeastern Australia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Lithodidae)|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289804861|journal=[[Zootaxa]]|volume=2362|pages=55–62|doi=10.5281/zenodo.193654|via=[[ResearchGate]]|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="Macpherson2011">{{Cite journal|last=Macpherson|first=Enrique|date=2001|title=New species and new records of lithodid crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda) from the southwestern and central Pacific Ocean|url=https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/12131/12131.pdf|url-status=live|journal=[[Zoosystema]]|volume=23|issue=4|pages=797–805|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813041713/https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/12131/12131.pdf|archive-date=13 August 2017|via=the [[Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County]]|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref> They are fairly large to large crabs that typically are reddish in color and spiny, although the size of these spines varies depending on species (from long in species like ''[[Neolithodes grimaldii|N. grimaldii]]'' to very short in species like ''[[Neolithodes flindersi|N. flindersi]]'', and tending to be more pronounced in small than in large individuals).<ref name=Ahyong2010/><ref name="fishaq">{{Cite web|title=''Neolithodes grimaldii''|url=http://www.fishaq.gov.nl.ca/research_development/fdp/fdp_151.pdf|publisher=Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924013334/http://www.fishaq.gov.nl.ca/research_development/fdp/fdp_151.pdf|archive-date=24 September 2015|access-date=26 May 2019}}</ref>
'''''Neolithodes''''' is a [[genus]] of Mitch Ames, in the family [[Lithodidae]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Neolithodes A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier 1894 {{!}} Names|url=https://eol.org/pages/46505295/names|website=[[Encyclopedia of Life]]|access-date=17 November 2018}}</ref> They are found in all major [[Ocean|oceans]], both in high and low [[latitude]]s. Although there are records from water as shallow as {{cvt|124|m|ft}} in cold regions, most records are much deeper, typically {{cvt|700-2000|m|ft|}}, with the deepest confirmed at {{cvt|5238|m|ft}}.<ref>{{Cite book|title=King Crabs of the World: Biology and Fisheries Management|publisher=CRC Press|year=2014|isbn=978-1-4398-5541-6|editor-last=Stevens|editor-first=Bradley G.|doi=10.1201/b16664|lccn=2013036692}}{{Page needed|date=May 2020}}</ref><ref name="Quigley1997">{{Cite journal|last1=Quigley|first1=Declan T. G.|last2=Flannery|first2=Kevin|date=April 1997|title=''Neolithodes grimaldii'' Milne Edwards & Bouvier 1894 (''Lithodes goodei'' Benedict 1895) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) in Irish offshore waters|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277142759|journal=[[Irish Naturalists' Journal]]|volume=25|issue=10|pages=373–374|jstor=25536085|via=[[ResearchGate]]|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="Ahyong2010">{{Cite journal|last=Ahyong|first=Shane T.|date=18 February 2010|title=''Neolithodes flindersi'', a new species of king crab from southeastern Australia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Lithodidae)|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289804861|journal=[[Zootaxa]]|volume=2362|pages=55–62|doi=10.5281/zenodo.193654|via=[[ResearchGate]]|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="Macpherson2011">{{Cite journal|last=Macpherson|first=Enrique|date=2001|title=New species and new records of lithodid crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda) from the southwestern and central Pacific Ocean|url=https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/12131/12131.pdf|url-status=live|journal=[[Zoosystema]]|volume=23|issue=4|pages=797–805|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813041713/https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/12131/12131.pdf|archive-date=13 August 2017|via=the [[Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County]]|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref> They are fairly large to large crabs that typically are reddish in color and spiny, although the size of these spines varies depending on species (from long in species like ''[[Neolithodes grimaldii|N. grimaldii]]'' to very short in species like ''[[Neolithodes flindersi|N. flindersi]]'', and tending to be more pronounced in small than in large individuals).<ref name=Ahyong2010/><ref name="fishaq">{{Cite web|title=''Neolithodes grimaldii''|url=http://www.fishaq.gov.nl.ca/research_development/fdp/fdp_151.pdf|publisher=Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924013334/http://www.fishaq.gov.nl.ca/research_development/fdp/fdp_151.pdf|archive-date=24 September 2015|access-date=26 May 2019}}</ref>


Various [[Sessility (motility)|sessile]] organisms such as [[barnacle]]s are sometimes attached to their [[carapace]] and legs,<ref name=Quigley1997/><ref name="Williams1988">{{Cite journal|last1=Williams|first1=Ruth|last2=Moyse|first2=John|date=May 1988|title=Occurrence, Distribution, and Orientation of ''Poecilasma kaempferi'' Darwin (Cirripedia: Pedunculata) Epizoic on ''Neolithodes grimaldi'' Milne-edwards and Bouvier (Decapoda: Anomura) in the Northeast Atlantic|journal=[[Journal of Crustacean Biology]]|volume=8|issue=2|pages=177–186|doi=10.2307/1548310|jstor=1548310}}</ref> and small [[commensal]] [[amphipod]]s may live in their carapace.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Soto|first1=Luis A.|last2=Corona|first2=Adriana|date=31 December 2007|title=Gammaropsis (Podoceropsis) grasslei (Amphipoda: Photidae) a new species of commensal amphipod of the deep-water lithodid Neolithodes diomedeae from the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California|journal=[[Zootaxa]]|volume=1406|pages=33–39|doi=10.5281/zenodo.175510}}</ref> They are occasionally the victims of [[parasitic]] snailfish of the genus ''[[Careproctus]]'', which lay their egg mass in the [[gill]] chamber of the crab, forming a mobile "home" until they hatch.<ref name=Ahyong2010/> Conversely, some juvenile ''Neolithodes'' have a commensal relationship with ''[[Scotoplanes]]'' sea cucumbers. To protect itself from large predators, the young crab hides under the sea cucumber.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Barry|first1=James P.|last2=Taylor|first2=Josi R.|last3=Kuhnz|first3=Linda A.|last4=DeVogelaere|first4=Andrew P.|date=15 October 2016|title=Symbiosis between the holothurian ''Scotoplanes'' sp. A and the lithodid crab ''Neolithodes diomedeae'' on a featureless bathyal sediment plain|journal=Marine Ecology|volume=38|issue=2|pages=e12396|doi=10.1111/maec.12396|eissn=1439-0485}}</ref>
Various [[Sessility (motility)|sessile]] organisms such as [[barnacle]]s are sometimes attached to their [[carapace]] and legs,<ref name=Quigley1997/><ref name="Williams1988">{{Cite journal|last1=Williams|first1=Ruth|last2=Moyse|first2=John|date=May 1988|title=Occurrence, Distribution, and Orientation of ''Poecilasma kaempferi'' Darwin (Cirripedia: Pedunculata) Epizoic on ''Neolithodes grimaldi'' Milne-edwards and Bouvier (Decapoda: Anomura) in the Northeast Atlantic|journal=[[Journal of Crustacean Biology]]|volume=8|issue=2|pages=177–186|doi=10.2307/1548310|jstor=1548310}}</ref> and small [[commensal]] [[amphipod]]s may live in their carapace.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Soto|first1=Luis A.|last2=Corona|first2=Adriana|date=31 December 2007|title=Gammaropsis (Podoceropsis) grasslei (Amphipoda: Photidae) a new species of commensal amphipod of the deep-water lithodid Neolithodes diomedeae from the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California|journal=[[Zootaxa]]|volume=1406|pages=33–39|doi=10.5281/zenodo.175510}}</ref> They are occasionally the victims of [[parasitic]] snailfish of the genus ''[[Careproctus]]'', which lay their egg mass in the [[gill]] chamber of the crab, forming a mobile "home" until they hatch.<ref name=Ahyong2010/> Conversely, some juvenile ''Neolithodes'' have a commensal relationship with ''[[Scotoplanes]]'' sea cucumbers. To protect itself from large predators, the young crab hides under the sea cucumber.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Barry|first1=James P.|last2=Taylor|first2=Josi R.|last3=Kuhnz|first3=Linda A.|last4=DeVogelaere|first4=Andrew P.|date=15 October 2016|title=Symbiosis between the holothurian ''Scotoplanes'' sp. A and the lithodid crab ''Neolithodes diomedeae'' on a featureless bathyal sediment plain|journal=Marine Ecology|volume=38|issue=2|pages=e12396|doi=10.1111/maec.12396|eissn=1439-0485}}</ref>

Revision as of 01:18, 28 September 2024

Neolithodes
Neolithodes crab at the Davidson Seamount off California
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca
Order: Decapoda
Suborder: Pleocyemata
Infraorder: Anomura
Family: Lithodidae
Genus: Neolithodes
Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1894
Species

Neolithodes is a genus of Mitch Ames, in the family Lithodidae.[2] They are found in all major oceans, both in high and low latitudes. Although there are records from water as shallow as 124 m (407 ft) in cold regions, most records are much deeper, typically 700–2,000 m (2,300–6,600 ft), with the deepest confirmed at 5,238 m (17,185 ft).[3][4][5][6] They are fairly large to large crabs that typically are reddish in color and spiny, although the size of these spines varies depending on species (from long in species like N. grimaldii to very short in species like N. flindersi, and tending to be more pronounced in small than in large individuals).[5][7]

Various sessile organisms such as barnacles are sometimes attached to their carapace and legs,[4][8] and small commensal amphipods may live in their carapace.[9] They are occasionally the victims of parasitic snailfish of the genus Careproctus, which lay their egg mass in the gill chamber of the crab, forming a mobile "home" until they hatch.[5] Conversely, some juvenile Neolithodes have a commensal relationship with Scotoplanes sea cucumbers. To protect itself from large predators, the young crab hides under the sea cucumber.[10]

The word Neolithodes derives from the Greek neo, meaning new, and Lithodes, a closely related genus of king crab. The name of the latter genus originates from the Latin lithodes, meaning stone like.[11]

Species

The following 13 species are in this genus:[2]

Image Scientific name Common Name Distribution
Neolithodes agassizii (Smith, 1882) Western Atlantic
Neolithodes asperrimus (Barnard, 1947) South Africa, Mauritania
Neolithodes brodiei (Dawson & Yaldwyn, 1970) New Zealand and adjacent waters
Neolithodes bronwynae (Ahyong, 2010) Rock crab Bay of Plenty, Lord Howe Rise, possibly New Caledonia
Neolithodes capensis (Stebbing, 1905) Southern Ocean, Indian Ocean, Bellingshausen Sea
Neolithodes diomedeae (Benedict, 1894) Eastern Pacific,Southwestern Atlantic, Southern Ocean
Neolithodes duhameli (Macpherson, 2004) Crozet Islands
Neolithodes flindersi (Ahyong, 2010) Southeastern Australia
Neolithodes grimaldii (Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1894) Porcupine crab North Atlantic
Neolithodes indicus (Padate, Cubelio & Takeda, 2020) Arabian Sea
Neolithodes nipponensis (Sakai 1971) Japan and Taiwan
Neolithodes vinogradovi (Macpherson, 1988) Range from the Arabian Sea to the Coral Sea
Neolithodes yaldwyni (Ahyong & Dawson, 2006) Ross Sea

References

  1. ^ Türkay, Michael. "Neolithodes Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1894". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
  2. ^ a b "Neolithodes A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier 1894 | Names". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
  3. ^ Stevens, Bradley G., ed. (2014). King Crabs of the World: Biology and Fisheries Management. CRC Press. doi:10.1201/b16664. ISBN 978-1-4398-5541-6. LCCN 2013036692.[page needed]
  4. ^ a b Quigley, Declan T. G.; Flannery, Kevin (April 1997). "Neolithodes grimaldii Milne Edwards & Bouvier 1894 (Lithodes goodei Benedict 1895) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) in Irish offshore waters". Irish Naturalists' Journal. 25 (10): 373–374. JSTOR 25536085. Retrieved 14 May 2020 – via ResearchGate.
  5. ^ a b c Ahyong, Shane T. (18 February 2010). "Neolithodes flindersi, a new species of king crab from southeastern Australia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Lithodidae)". Zootaxa. 2362: 55–62. doi:10.5281/zenodo.193654. Retrieved 14 May 2020 – via ResearchGate.
  6. ^ Macpherson, Enrique (2001). "New species and new records of lithodid crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda) from the southwestern and central Pacific Ocean" (PDF). Zoosystema. 23 (4): 797–805. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved 14 May 2020 – via the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County.
  7. ^ "Neolithodes grimaldii" (PDF). Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 26 May 2019.
  8. ^ Williams, Ruth; Moyse, John (May 1988). "Occurrence, Distribution, and Orientation of Poecilasma kaempferi Darwin (Cirripedia: Pedunculata) Epizoic on Neolithodes grimaldi Milne-edwards and Bouvier (Decapoda: Anomura) in the Northeast Atlantic". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 8 (2): 177–186. doi:10.2307/1548310. JSTOR 1548310.
  9. ^ Soto, Luis A.; Corona, Adriana (31 December 2007). "Gammaropsis (Podoceropsis) grasslei (Amphipoda: Photidae) a new species of commensal amphipod of the deep-water lithodid Neolithodes diomedeae from the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California". Zootaxa. 1406: 33–39. doi:10.5281/zenodo.175510.
  10. ^ Barry, James P.; Taylor, Josi R.; Kuhnz, Linda A.; DeVogelaere, Andrew P. (15 October 2016). "Symbiosis between the holothurian Scotoplanes sp. A and the lithodid crab Neolithodes diomedeae on a featureless bathyal sediment plain". Marine Ecology. 38 (2): e12396. doi:10.1111/maec.12396. eISSN 1439-0485.
  11. ^ Emmerson, W.D. (2017). A Guide to, and Checklist for, the Decapoda of Namibia, South Africa and Mozambique. Vol. 2. Cambridge Scholars Publishing (published July 2016). pp. 90–93. ISBN 978-1-4438-9097-7.
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