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Following the return of Maccabi fans to Israel, video was posted on social media showing them chanting the racist slogans they had chanted in Amsterdam, including "Why is school out in Gaza? There are no children left there".<ref>{{cite web | last=Silkoff | first=Shira | title=Maccabi fans filmed chanting racist slogans against Arabs upon arrival at Ben Gurion from Amsterdam | website=The Times of Israel | date=2024-11-08 | url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/maccabi-fans-filmed-chanting-racist-slogans-against-arabs-upon-arrival-at-ben-gurion-from-amsterdam/ | access-date=2024-11-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Galatasaray's Hakim Ziyech faces backlash after mocking fleeing Maccabi Tel Aviv fans |url=https://www.turkiyetoday.com/sports/galatasarays-hakim-ziyech-faces-backlash-after-mocking-fleeing-maccabi-tel-aviv-fans-76700/ |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=Türkiye Today |publisher=[[İhlas Holding]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
Following the return of Maccabi fans to Israel, video was posted on social media showing them chanting the racist slogans they had chanted in Amsterdam, including "Why is school out in Gaza? There are no children left there".<ref>{{cite web | last=Silkoff | first=Shira | title=Maccabi fans filmed chanting racist slogans against Arabs upon arrival at Ben Gurion from Amsterdam | website=The Times of Israel | date=2024-11-08 | url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/maccabi-fans-filmed-chanting-racist-slogans-against-arabs-upon-arrival-at-ben-gurion-from-amsterdam/ | access-date=2024-11-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Galatasaray's Hakim Ziyech faces backlash after mocking fleeing Maccabi Tel Aviv fans |url=https://www.turkiyetoday.com/sports/galatasarays-hakim-ziyech-faces-backlash-after-mocking-fleeing-maccabi-tel-aviv-fans-76700/ |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=Türkiye Today |publisher=[[İhlas Holding]] |language=en-US}}</ref>


Amsterdam officials banned any demonstrations for three days after the overnight attacks, Dutch police were also given the authority to emergency stop and search individuals.<ref name="Reuters" /> Police were also stationed in larger numbers at Jewish institutions across the city.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Corder |first=Mike |date=2024-11-08 |title=Israeli soccer fans were attacked in Amsterdam. The violence was condemned as antisemitic |url=https://apnews.com/article/maccabi-tel-aviv-amsterdam-violence-protests-palestinian-bcea212281f682098c4c77ef552af5f1 |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref>
Amsterdam officials banned any demonstrations for three days after the overnight attacks, Dutch police were also given the authority to emergency stop and search individuals.<ref name="Reuters" /> Police were also stationed in larger numbers at Jewish institutions across the city.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Corder |first=Mike |date=2024-11-08 |title=Israeli soccer fans were attacked in Amsterdam. The violence was condemned as antisemitic |url=https://apnews.com/article/maccabi-tel-aviv-amsterdam-violence-protests-palestinian-bcea212281f682098c4c77ef552af5f1 |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> The demonstration ban was extended for four more days on 10 November.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nos.nl/liveblog/2543687-demonstratieverbod-amsterdam-verlengd-tientallen-arrestaties-na-verboden-demonstratie-op-de-dam#UPDATE-container-81895812|title=Noodverordening Amsterdam verlengd|language=nl|trans-title=Emergency ordinance Amsterdam extended|work=NOS Nieuws|date=10 November 2024}}</ref>


== Response ==
== Response ==

Revision as of 16:05, 10 November 2024

November 2024 Amsterdam attacks
Part of antisemitism during the Israel–Hamas war and anti-Palestinianism during the Israel–Hamas war
Amsterdam's Dam Square, where the attacks first began
Date7 November 2024 (2024-11-07)
Location
Amsterdam, Netherlands
Caused byAntisemitism, Anti-Palestinianism, Anti-Zionism, Anti-Arab racism[1][2]
MethodsRiots, ambush
Resulted in"Emergency measures" in Amsterdam[1]
Parties
Pro-Palestinian groups and football attendees
Amsterdam residents[3]
Casualties
Injuries5 hospitalized, 20–30 injured

On 7 November 2024, following a UEFA Europa League football match in Amsterdam, Netherlands, between Israeli club Maccabi Tel Aviv and Dutch club AFC Ajax, Maccabi Tel Aviv fans were targeted in a series of attacks.

The events took place amid heightened tensions related to the Israel–Hamas war. Maccabi Tel Aviv fans pulled Palestinian flags from Amsterdam houses, chanting anti-Arab slurs, assaulting people and vandalising buildings as well as a taxi.[4][1][3][5][6] At the stadium, radical Maccabi fans interrupted a minute of silence for the victims of the 2024 Spanish floods with chanting and whistles before the match.[7][8][9][10]

Calls for attacks against Israeli fans were shared via social media groups after incidents the day before the match.[11][12] Subsequently, Maccabi Tel Aviv supporters were ambushed and assaulted in various locations across the city.[13] Dutch police stated that the perpetrators "actively sought out Israeli supporters to attack and assault them".[14] The Israeli embassy said the attacks involved attempted stabbings and vehicle rammings.[15] Attacks also involved instances of individuals being thrown into a canal, shot with fireworks, physically assaulted, and spit on.[16] Five people were hospitalized, while 20 to 30 other supporters sustained minor injuries.[14][17] Three rescue flights were organized for the safe return of Israeli fans.[18] Both the attacks on and the behaviour of the Israeli fans during and after the match were criticised by various parties.

Background

The Israel–Hamas war began on 7 October 2023 after the Hamas-led attack on Israel that day, which resulted in 1,139 people being killed and 251 others being taken hostage into the Gaza Strip.[19] Israel began bombing the Gaza Strip also on the same day, and by November 2024, it had killed over 40,000 Palestinians,[20] more than 70% of whom were women and children.[21] A number of protests related to the war have taken place in the Netherlands.[citation needed]

There has been a significant increase in antisemitic incidents around the world during the course of the war, including in the Netherlands.[22] A few months before the attacks, the European Union's Fundamental Rights Agency reported a rise in antisemitic attacks across Europe, partly attributed to the ongoing war,[23][24] agency that also reported a rise of the racism and discrimination over Muslims/Arabs.[25]

The Maccabi Tel Aviv fan base is known to include far-right ultras groups[26][27] that have been involved in racist incidents in Israel in the past, including directing racist abuse at Arab and black players on their own team.[28][29][10][30] In March, prior to a game against Olympiacos, a man who had been carrying a Palestinian flag was taken to hospital in Athens after an altercation with a group of Maccabi fans; video footage appeared to show a group of Maccabi fans beating the man up. Two people were arrested.[10][29][31]

Other European matches played by Maccabi this season had passed without violence.[29] However, security issues with hosting games for visiting Israeli teams has proved challenging with the Belgian soccer federation declining to stage a men's National League game in September 2024, and a game against Israel was played with no fans in the stadium in Hungary.[14]

Events

Prelude

The match between Ajax and Maccabi Tel Aviv was a Europa League group stage match held at the Johan Cruyff Arena.

Ahead of the game, Amsterdam mayor Femke Halsema prohibited pro-Palestinian protests near the stadium due to concerns over possible violence.[32] Halsema requested an additional threat assessment from the National Coordinator for Counterterrorism and Security (NCTV), noting increased tensions due to the Israel–Hamas war and the upcoming commemoration of the Kristallnacht,[33] but the NCTV found no specific threats.[17] Mossad agents joined the team on their trip to "provide maximum protection",[34][35] and Amsterdam police increased their presence in the city center the night before the match.[13] Mossad also warned of a potential threat to Israelis and Jews in the Netherlands prior to the match, sending a warning to security forces.[36] The mayor later said that the match itself was not initially flagged as high-risk, as Ajax is traditionally associated with Judaism.[22][37]

Local authorities cited concerns over the potential for conflict in various areas.[13][5] Mossad also warned ahead of the event of an Israeli former soldier having his passport stolen and his details posted on social media.[38]

6 November

Footage and reports showed individuals tearing down and burning[6] Palestinian flags in Amsterdam on the evening of 6 November and shouting "fuck you Palestine".[6][39] A Dutch police chief said there were incidents "on both sides" and that Maccabi fans had vandalised a taxi and kicked the driver, which was followed by "an online call" for taxi drivers to go to a casino where 400 Israeli fans were present.[39][40][10][41][6] A Maccabi supporter was chased into the canal and forced to yell "Free Palestine",[6] while bystanders chanted "kankerjood" ("cancer jew").[42][43]

The Amsterdam police escorted the supporters outside and said they had prevented other disturbances, besides small riots around the casino. By 3:30 am, nevertheless, everything in the city had quietened down.[33]

On Wednesday evening after the incident at the casino[11] and throughout Thursday, calls for attacks on Israeli supporters thoughout the day were shared in Snapchat, Telegram, and WhatsApp groups.[12][11] A group discussed bringing fireworks.[11]

7 November

Despite heightened security and the ban of such protests, pro-Palestinian demonstrators attempted to reach the Johan Cruyff Arena on match day.[13]

The Maccabi supporters convene in the city centre, in particular around Dam Square. They chant, among others, "Fuck the Arabs".[6] Other people, clothed in black, chant anti-Israeli texts.[8] Police instructed individuals displaying pro-Palestinian symbols or chanting slogans like "Free Palestine" to leave the square.[44] At around 17:00, they move towards the stadium. In side streets and on Station Square, this led to fights.[8]

On their way to the match, Israeli fans were captured on video chanting. According to The New York Times, these chants included "Let the IDF win" and "Why is there no school in Gaza? There are no children left there."[45] At the stadium, a small[8] group of Maccabi fans interrupted a minute of silence for the victims of the 2024 Spanish floods with chanting and whistles before the match; this was attributed by some outlets to the Spanish government's criticism of Israel's war conduct in Gaza.[7][46][9][10]

After the game, Maccabi supporters moved to the city centre, where violence errupted.[8] Footage of Israeli fans being escorted to the metro by police after the match showed them singing anti-Arab songs.[47] A video geolocated by Sky News to the Amsterdam city centre after dark on 7 November showed Israeli supporters pulling down another Palestinian flag from a building, accompanied by chants of "Olé, olé" and "fuck you".[47] Het Parool reported videos showing Maccabi fans walking through the city centre with belts in their hands, assaulting people.[4] After midnight, chanting Maccabi supporters kicked the door to the house of a woman who had displayed a pro-Palestinian poster in her window.[8][4]

According to the Dutch police, Maccabi Tel Aviv supporters were ambushed and attacked in various locations throughout the city after the match.[13] Halsema said the attacks included hit-and-run assaults carried out by "boys on scooters," who fled the scene when confronted by police.[17] According to The Jerusalem Post, the attacks involved multiple assaults, with footage showing fans being beaten and chased with knives. Eyewitnesses reported attempted stabbings, individuals being thrown into a river, and attackers beating and spitting on Israelis.[48] Video showed one man, apparently unconscious on the street, kicked repeatedly while lying in a sprawled out position.[11] Other footage showed a group of men being chased down a street in the city centre, appearing scared, with shouting heard as they are struck by someone out of shot; one man is seen on the floor repeatedly shouting: "I'm not Jewish!"[47] A report by Maariv also indicated at least one attempted kidnapping of an Israeli, and many fans sought refuge by barricading themselves in stores and buildings.[48] Ten Israelis were injured and three temporarily went missing during the attacks, with the Israeli foreign ministry reporting later that everyone was accounted for.[49][50]

Aftermath

The five people who were hospitalized were eventually released, while approximately 20 to 30 others sustained minor injuries.

A total of 63 people have been arrested in relation to the football match. 62[14][17] people had been arrested before and during the football match, three of whom for public violence.[51] No arrest were made on the night of 7 November after the match, but the police announced it would we be searching for suspects.[51] As of 9 November, one suspect has been arrested after the match.[52]

Following the return of Maccabi fans to Israel, video was posted on social media showing them chanting the racist slogans they had chanted in Amsterdam, including "Why is school out in Gaza? There are no children left there".[53][54]

Amsterdam officials banned any demonstrations for three days after the overnight attacks, Dutch police were also given the authority to emergency stop and search individuals.[22] Police were also stationed in larger numbers at Jewish institutions across the city.[55] The demonstration ban was extended for four more days on 10 November.[56]

Response

Netherlands

The attacks were described by Dutch authorities as antisemitic, with statements of condemnation from both the Dutch and Israeli governments.[13][23] Some Israeli and Dutch authors have described this incident as a pogrom.[57][48][58]

Dutch Prime Minister Dick Schoof said he was "horrified by the antisemitic attacks on Israeli citizens." He called the situation "unacceptable," adding that he was "in close contact with all parties involved and have just spoken to Netanyahu by phone to stress that the perpetrators will be identified and prosecuted."[13] Schoof also cancelled his attendance at the 2024 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Azerbaijan to monitor the focus on the response to the unrest.[59] Justice Minister David van Weel stated that the perpetrators would be identified and held accountable, adding, "We should be ashamed of ourselves."[17]

King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands expressed "deep horror and shock" at the attacks, adding: "We failed the Jewish community of the Netherlands during World War II, and last night we failed again."[60]

Multiple parties in the House of Representatives have called for an urgent debate, which is set to occur next week.[61] Dutch politician Geert Wilders wrote: "Looks like a Jew hunt in the streets of Amsterdam. Arrest and deport the multicultural scum that attacked Maccabi Tel Aviv supporters in our streets," adding that he was "Ashamed that this can happen in The Netherlands. Totally unacceptable."[49] VVD leader Dilan Yeşilgöz described the images as "incredibly sick" and referred to the perpetrators as "pure scum, pure Jew-hatred."[61]

Amsterdam mayor Femke Halsema condemned the attacks, describing the perpetrators as "antisemitic hit-and-run squads." At a news conference, she expressed deep shame, calling the incident "a very dark moment for the city." Halsema expressed that the incident reminded her of pogroms against Jews in Europe, emphasizing that Jewish life and culture were under threat.[62] Amsterdam city councillor Jazie Veldhuyzen criticised the police for not taking action in response to the inciting incidents by Maccabi fans, and only sufficiently responding when they were attacked by Amsterdam residents.[3]

Israel

Israeli foreign minister Gideon Sa'ar reacted to the attacks by advising Israelis in Amsterdam to stay in their hotels. In the wake of the violence, which he condemned as "barbaric and antisemitic," Sa'ar described the events as "a blaring alarm call for Europe and the world." He also reached out to his Dutch counterpart, Caspar Veldkamp, requesting assistance in transporting Israeli citizens safely from their hotels to the airport, as reported by Israel’s foreign ministry.[13]

In a call with Dutch PM Schoof, Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu stressed "the supreme importance" of ensuring the safety of all Israelis in the Netherlands. Netanyahu emphasized the seriousness of the planned anti-Semitic attacks against Israeli citizens and requested heightened security for the Jewish community in the Netherlands, according to the Israeli prime minister's Office.[13] Initially, Netanyahu announced plans to dispatch "rescue planes" to bring Israeli citizens home. However, his office later clarified that the focus would shift to arranging commercial flights for their safe return, rather than deploying rescue planes.[13]

Israeli president Isaac Herzog referred to the events in Amsterdam as an "anti-Semitic pogrom," calling it a serious incident and a warning to any nation that values freedom. He expressed confidence in the Dutch authorities' ability to protect Israelis and Jews under attack.[63] Netanyahu compared it to the Kristallnacht, noting the attacks took place on its 86th anniversary.[64]

El Al, Israel's flag carrier, announced it would run three rescue flights from Amsterdam to Tel Aviv, despite it being on Shabbat, Judaism's day of rest, by approval from Israel's Chief Rabbinate, citing the principle of pikuach nefesh. The flights were said to be free of charge.[18][23][65]

Palestine

The Palestinian Foreign Ministry issued a statement, rejecting all forms of violence but condemning anti-Arab slogans and the desecration of the Palestinian flag by Maccabi supporters. The ministry expressed concern over what it described as "violent acts" carried out by the fans, known for their "racist tendencies" over three consecutive days in the Dutch capital.[66][67][68]

The ministry called on the Dutch government to investigate those responsible for the unrest and to ensure the protection of Palestinians and Arabs, citing concerns over the presence of individuals described as illegal settlers and soldiers allegedly spreading "racist notions" across European cities. Additionally, the ministry warned of the growing influence of these groups, characterizing their actions as a "direct attack on Palestinian identity and symbols."[67][69]

The Palestinian Football Association said that they were "gravely concerned" about the incident, further stating that they have condemned the anti-Palestinian racism and Islamophobia expressed by Maccabi Tel Aviv fans and said that it "had presented FIFA with extensive evidence of such hateful expressions, yet concrete action remains lacking".[70]

Other countries

According to France 24 no European leader has condemned the racist anti-Arab chants or the violent actions carried out by Israeli supporters.[71]

  • France: Interior Minister Bruno Retailleau rejected calls to relocate an upcoming match between France and Israel, stating that doing so would amount to "abdicating in the face of threats of violence and antisemitism." He affirmed that the match would proceed as planned at the Stade de France, with security arrangements in place to ensure safety.[13]
  • Germany: German ambassador to Israel, Steffen Seibert, wrote that as a European he was "ashamed to see such scenes in one of our great cities". He added that "Chasing and beating up Israeli soccer fans is not anti-war protest. It is criminal and intolerable and we must all stand against it."[23]
  • United Kingdom: Foreign Secretary David Lammy said he was "horrified" by "antisemitic attacks on Israeli citizens." He wrote: "I utterly condemn these abhorrent acts of violence and stand with Israeli and Jewish people across the world."[72]
  • United States: President Joe Biden wrote: "The Antisemitic attacks on Israeli soccer fans in Amsterdam are despicable and echo dark moments in history when Jews were persecuted." He further added that "We must relentlessly fight Antisemitism, wherever it emerges."[73] The attacks were also condemned by Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer and other lawmakers from both parties.[74] U.S. special envoy on Antisemitism Deborah Lipstadt said the attacks were "terribly reminiscent of a classic pogrom".[5]

Jewish groups and figures

Yad Vashem expressed "deep concern" and solidarity with the victims. The organization called it "profoundly alarming" to witness such violence, especially with the anniversary of Kristallnacht approaching.[75] Yad Vashem emphasized that the incident highlights the "alarming resurgence of antisemitism, a cancerous plague that has infiltrated every aspect of our society."[76]

Yonathan Arfi, head of the Conseil Représentatif des Institutions juives de France, called the events "a mass lynching, a systematic attack on Israeli supporters leaving the match. It is the crassest anti-Semitism that is resurfacing through these images", adding that the victims were targeted "not only in the name of the conflict taking place in Gaza but also because they are Jews."[49]

Sir Ephraim Mirvis, Chief Rabbi of the UK and Commonwealth, called the attacks a "watershed moment" for Europe, adding that "Hateful mobs have chased down Jewish and Israeli football fans on the streets of Amsterdam after a match, violently beating them and proudly posting the footage on social media."[49]

The Forward, an American news organization serving the Jewish American audience, reported that many in the Netherlands' small Jewish community said the incident was being weaponized and stripped of context, even as they worried about their own safety. Jelle Zijlstra, a Jewish community organizer in Amsterdam, stated in a viral Instagram post that "multiple truths can exist at the same time", highlighting both the assaults on Israelis and footage of the fans shouting "Fuck Palestine" the night before. In an interview, Zijlstra said, "There was definitely antisemitism involved in some of the events that took place. Were Jews attacked in the streets? Yes, but those Jews were also violent hooligans." A rabbinical student in Amsterdam said: "We don't know that the people who got attacked last night were those same people who chanted racist chants. There is real evidence that people went 'Jew hunting.'"[77]

Israeli-American journalist Mairav Zonszein of the International Crisis Group said it was "absurd" to compare the violence in Amsterdam to the pogroms in Russia.[78][undue weight? – discuss]

In Amsterdam, the Jewish organisation Erev Rav and the Stop Racism and Fascism Platform expressed concern about the "failure of the police to protect anti-Zionist Jews and demonstrators, after the mayor and police of Amsterdam allowed Israeli Zionists to wreak havoc, burn Palestinian flags, wish death to 'Arabs' and mistreat taxi drivers."[79] These organizations also cancelled the Kristallnacht commemoration due to 'violent' Maccabi supporters[75] and attitude of the municipality not taking responsible actions about it.[80]

Although taxi and rideshare (e.g. Bolt) drivers were involved in general, some of the attacks were coordinated with the help of Uber drivers using the app to find and locate Jews to target, resulting in YWN calling for an international boycott of Uber "until Uber addresses these disturbing allegations and takes meaningful action". An Uber spokesperson told The Washington Free Beacon that they're "shocked and saddened to hear of the abhorrent violence in Amsterdam" and are "actively supporting law enforcement as they work to identify the offenders".[81][undue weight? – discuss]

Gideon Levy wrote in Haaretz: "An ugly, criminal pogrom against Israeli soccer fans took place in Amsterdam on Thursday. Similar pogroms, carried out by settlers, take place almost daily in the West Bank. [...] While Israelis were being beaten in Amsterdam, in the Gaza Strip dozens of people were killed indiscriminately, including many children, as they are every day. The daily pogroms in the West Bank and of course the war in Gaza were not compared to the Holocaust; the chair of Yad Vashem was not interviewed about them [...] Israel set another record Thursday for the self-victimization it so very much enjoys, and the media set another record for the incitement, exaggeration, fearmongering and, above all, the concealment of information that doesn't fit the narrative that its consumers enjoy. Amsterdam provided an unmissable opportunity: Once again, Jews are beaten in Europe."[82][undue weight? – discuss]

Muslim groups and figures

CAIR, an American Muslim civil rights and advocacy group, issued a statement in which they condemned the "openly racist Israeli soccer hooligans" and said that "the false claim that Dutch Muslim and Arab residents of Amsterdam suddenly and randomly attacked Jewish people in a modern-day pogrom" was unacceptable.[83]

The National Council of Canadian Muslims (NCCM) criticized North American leaders and media Friday for ignoring attacks and anti-Arab violence by Maccabi Tel-Aviv fans. NCCM said Maccabi Tel-Aviv fans assaulted Arabs, burned flags, chanted "genocidal" slogan and dragged Arab taxi drivers out of their vehicles, leading to injuries and damage.[84]

Hamas senior spokesperson Sami Abu Zuhri attributed the recent unrest in Amsterdam following the football match to what he described as spontaneous responses to Israel’s actions in Gaza. In an interview with Anadolu Agency on 8 November, Zuhri stated that the events in Amsterdam illustrate the public reaction to what he termed an ongoing genocide in Gaza, witnessed live without effective international intervention to stop it or hold accountable those responsible. He further emphasized that ending the violence in Gaza is essential for upholding human rights and supporting both regional and global peace and security.[67]

References

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  25. ^ "Nearly half of Muslims in Europe face discrimination, EU report warns". RFI. 24 October 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
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  29. ^ a b c Buckingham, Philip; Millar, Colin. "Explained: What happened with Maccabi Tel Aviv fans in Amsterdam and how will football react?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
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