Beni (music): Difference between revisions
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'''Beni''' is an indigenized East African form of [[brass band]] music.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Manuh |first1=Takyiwaa |last2=Sutherland-Addy |first2=Esi |title=Africa in contemporary perspective: a textbook for undergraduate students |date=2013 |publisher=Sub Saharan Publ |location=Oxford |isbn=9789988647377 |page=447 |edition=1. publ }}</ref> The dance was developed during the colonial era,{{Which|date=November 2024}} and it mimicked military and colonial administration with music and aesthetic expression.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Making of Contemporary Africa: The Development of African Society Since 1800 |page=114 |first=Bill |last=Freund |year=2016 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-1-137-60620-4 }}</ref><ref name=Beni>{{cite book |title=Dance and Society in Eastern Africa, 1890–1970: The Beni Ngoma |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qdokqx1a3aMC&pg=PA139 |first=Terence O. |last=Ranger |publisher=University of California Press |year=1975 |isbn=978-0-520-02729-9 |page=139}}</ref> It is considered an evolution of [[taarab]], a traditional form of [[Sub-Saharan African music traditions|East African music]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The 'Waswahili' and Their Hold on East Africa's Popular Musical Culture – The Elephant |url=https://www.theelephant.info/analysis/2019/11/22/the-waswahili-and-their-hold-on-east-africas-popular-musical-culture/ |date=22 November 2019}}</ref> |
'''Beni''' is an indigenized East African form of [[brass band]] music.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Manuh |first1=Takyiwaa |last2=Sutherland-Addy |first2=Esi |title=Africa in contemporary perspective: a textbook for undergraduate students |date=2013 |publisher=Sub Saharan Publ |location=Oxford |isbn=9789988647377 |page=447 |edition=1. publ }}</ref> The dance was developed during the colonial era,{{Which|date=November 2024}} and it mimicked military and colonial administration with music and aesthetic expression.<ref name="auto">{{cite book |title=The Making of Contemporary Africa: The Development of African Society Since 1800 |page=114 |first=Bill |last=Freund |year=2016 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-1-137-60620-4 }}</ref><ref name=Beni>{{cite book |title=Dance and Society in Eastern Africa, 1890–1970: The Beni Ngoma |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qdokqx1a3aMC&pg=PA139 |first=Terence O. |last=Ranger |publisher=University of California Press |year=1975 |isbn=978-0-520-02729-9 |page=139}}</ref> It is considered an evolution of [[taarab]], a traditional form of [[Sub-Saharan African music traditions|East African music]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The 'Waswahili' and Their Hold on East Africa's Popular Musical Culture – The Elephant |url=https://www.theelephant.info/analysis/2019/11/22/the-waswahili-and-their-hold-on-east-africas-popular-musical-culture/ |date=22 November 2019}}</ref> |
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The word beni derives from the English word "band."<ref>{{cite book |page=305 |title=The Garland Handbook of African Music}}</ref> Beni appropriated symbols of colonial authority as the military drill, uniform, and elaborate hierarchies. |
The word beni derives from the English word "band."<ref>{{cite book |page=305 |title=The Garland Handbook of African Music}}</ref> Beni appropriated symbols of colonial authority as the military drill, uniform, and elaborate hierarchies. |
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When beni was indigenized, western instruments were dropped in favor of local instruments, and [[March (music)|march time]] was replaced by African [[Cross-beat|cross]] beats and [[Polyrhythm]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Africa in Contemporary Perspective |isbn=9789988647490}}</ref> |
When beni was indigenized, western instruments were dropped in favor of local instruments, and [[March (music)|march time]] was replaced by African [[Cross-beat|cross]] beats and [[Polyrhythm]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Africa in Contemporary Perspective |isbn=9789988647490}}</ref> |
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''Beni'' dancers were instrumental in structured communication during the [[1935 Copperbelt strike]].<ref |
''Beni'' dancers were instrumental in structured communication during the [[1935 Copperbelt strike]].<ref name="auto"/><ref name=Beni /> |
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In [[Zanzibar]], Beni is performed both as a street parade and stationary as a [[wedding dance]]. |
In [[Zanzibar]], Beni is performed both as a street parade and stationary as a [[wedding dance]]. |
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== Bibliography == |
== Bibliography == |
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[https://www.jstor.org/stable/30249988?seq=2]/[https://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/1931/1006] |
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/30249988?seq=2 Brass Bands and the Beni Phenomenon in Urban East Africa]/[https://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/1931/1006] |
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{{Zanzibar-stub}} |
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Revision as of 13:59, 16 November 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2018) |
Beni is an indigenized East African form of brass band music.[1] The dance was developed during the colonial era,[which?] and it mimicked military and colonial administration with music and aesthetic expression.[2][3] It is considered an evolution of taarab, a traditional form of East African music.[4]
The word beni derives from the English word "band."[5] Beni appropriated symbols of colonial authority as the military drill, uniform, and elaborate hierarchies.
It is a popular form of wedding entertainment with a strong focus on rhythm and dance, and audience participation. Zanzibar is recognized as place of origin around the turn of the 20th century.
History
Beni has its origins in urban Swahili communities on the Kenyan coast in the 1890s.[6] Around 1914, the style spread to Tanga and Dar es Salaam. The first accounts of beni in Nyasaland were around 1918.
During the First World War, beni was danced in both armies.
Prisoners of war danced it in the detention camp at Zomba, followed by detachments of the 2nd KAR when they returned to Nairobi.[6]
In the late colonial period, beni was a way for young people to express their independence.[6]
When beni was indigenized, western instruments were dropped in favor of local instruments, and march time was replaced by African cross beats and Polyrhythm.[7]
Beni dancers were instrumental in structured communication during the 1935 Copperbelt strike.[2][3]
In Zanzibar, Beni is performed both as a street parade and stationary as a wedding dance.
See also
References
- ^ Manuh, Takyiwaa; Sutherland-Addy, Esi (2013). Africa in contemporary perspective: a textbook for undergraduate students (1. publ ed.). Oxford: Sub Saharan Publ. p. 447. ISBN 9789988647377.
- ^ a b Freund, Bill (2016). The Making of Contemporary Africa: The Development of African Society Since 1800. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 114. ISBN 978-1-137-60620-4.
- ^ a b Ranger, Terence O. (1975). Dance and Society in Eastern Africa, 1890–1970: The Beni Ngoma. University of California Press. p. 139. ISBN 978-0-520-02729-9.
- ^ "The 'Waswahili' and Their Hold on East Africa's Popular Musical Culture – The Elephant". 22 November 2019.
- ^ The Garland Handbook of African Music. p. 305.
- ^ a b c McCracken, John (2012). A History of Malawi, 1859–1966. Woodbridge, Suffolk (GB). pp. 156–158. ISBN 978-1-78204-028-6. OCLC 815390658.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Africa in Contemporary Perspective. ISBN 9789988647490.
Bibliography
Brass Bands and the Beni Phenomenon in Urban East Africa/[1]
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