Barlas: Difference between revisions
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The '''Barlas''' (also ''Berlas'', ''Birlas'') |
The '''Barlas''' (also ''Berlas'', ''Birlas'') were a [[Mongolian]]<ref name="Manz">B.F. Manz, ''The rise and rule of Tamerlan'', [[Cambridge University|Cambridge University Press]], Cambridge 1989, p. 28: ''"… We know definitely that the leading clan of the Barlas tribe traced its origin to Qarchar Barlas, head of one of Chaghadai's regiments ... These then were the most prominent members of the Ulus Chaghadai: the old Mongolian tribes - Barlas, Arlat, Soldus and Jalayir …"''</ref><ref name="UNESCO">M.S. Asimov & [[Clifford Edmund Bosworth|C. E. Bosworth]], ''History of Civilizations of Central Asia'', [[UNESCO]] Regional Office, 1998, ISBN 9231034677, p. 320: ''"… One of his followers was […] Timur of the Barlas tribe. This Mongol tribe had settled […] in the valley of Kashka Darya, intermingling with the Turkish population, adopting their religion (Islam) and gradually giving up its own nomadic ways, like a number of other Mongol tribes in Transoxania …"''</ref>, later [[Turkic languages|Turkicized]]<ref>[[Encyclopædia Britannica]], "[http://search.eb.com/eb/article-7271 Timur]", Online Academic Edition, 2007.</ref><ref>G.R. Garthwaite, ''"The Persians"'', Malden, ISBN 9781557868602, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2007. ([http://books.google.de/books?id=RpiywbMvG5gC&pg=RA1-PA148&dq=Timur+Turkic+speaking&hl=tr&sig=9tWp001dj7GoDBdAjveeJclsQD8 p.148])</ref> nomadic confederation in [[Central Asia]] and the chief tribe of the [[Timurid Empire|Timurid]] emperors who ruled much of Central Asia, [[Iran]], and [[Hindustan]] in the [[Middle Ages]]. Due to extensive contacts with Turkic-speaking Central Asian nomads,<ref name="UNESCO" /> the tribe later adopted the religion [[Islam]] and the [[Chagatai language|Chagatai-Turkic language]] which itself was heavily<ref name="Iranica">G. Doerfer, ''Chaghatay'', in [[Encyclopædia Iranica]], Online Edition 2007, ([http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v5f4/v5f4a002.html LINK]): ''"... Even when Chaghatay authors deliberately set out to write in Turkish they were not able to avoid using Persian words. For example, when [...] [[Ali-Shir Nava'i|ʿAlī Shīr Navā'ī]] (844-906/1441-1501) [...] wrote [[Muhakamat al-Lughatayn|Mohākamat al-loğatayn]] in order to prove the superiority of Turkish over Persian, he used a language that contained 62.6 percent Persian and Arabic words ..."''</ref> influenced by [[Arabic language|Arabic]] and [[Persian language|Persian]].<ref name="Iranica" /> |
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According to ''[[The Secret History of the Mongols]]'' - a [[13th century]] [[Epic poetry|epic]] written during the reign of [[Ögedei Khan]] - the Barlas were descendants of the Mongol warlord ''Bodonchir'' (''Bodon Achir''; ''Bodon'ar Mungqaq'') who was also considered the direct ancestor of [[Genghis Khan]].<ref>[[The Secret History of the Mongols]], transl. by I. De Rachewiltz, [http://www.mongolianculture.com/TheSecretHist.htm Chapter I].</ref> The |
The leading clan of the Barlas traced its origin to Qarchar Barlas,<ref name="Manz" /> head of one of [[Chagatai Khan|Chaghadai's]] regiments. According to ''[[The Secret History of the Mongols]]'' - a [[13th century]] [[Epic poetry|epic]] written during the reign of [[Ögedei Khan]] - the Barlas were descendants of the legendary Mongol warlord ''Bodonchir'' (''Bodon Achir''; ''Bodon'ar Mungqaq'') who was also considered the direct ancestor of [[Genghis Khan]].<ref>[[The Secret History of the Mongols]], transl. by I. De Rachewiltz, [http://www.mongolianculture.com/TheSecretHist.htm Chapter I].</ref> The 14th century conqueror [[Timur]] was from a noble family of the Barlas clan.<ref>René Grousset, ''The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia'', Rutgers University Press, 1988. ISBN 0-8135-1304-9 ([http://books.google.de/books?id=CHzGvqRbV_IC&pg=PA409&dq=Barlas+Turkic&hl=tr&sig=Eenkx86afOfm0RKKnq4Y5fDggD8 p.409])</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Mongol Empire]] |
*[[Mongol Empire]] |
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*[[Timurid Empire|Timurids]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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{{-}} |
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[[Category:Mongol peoples]] |
[[Category:Mongol peoples]] |
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[[Category:Turkic peoples]] |
[[Category:Turkic peoples]] |
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[[Category:Central Asia]] |
[[Category:Central Asia]] |
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[[es:Barlas]] |
[[es:Barlas]] |
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Revision as of 21:22, 11 February 2008
The Barlas (also Berlas, Birlas) were a Mongolian[1][2], later Turkicized[3][4] nomadic confederation in Central Asia and the chief tribe of the Timurid emperors who ruled much of Central Asia, Iran, and Hindustan in the Middle Ages. Due to extensive contacts with Turkic-speaking Central Asian nomads,[2] the tribe later adopted the religion Islam and the Chagatai-Turkic language which itself was heavily[5] influenced by Arabic and Persian.[5]
The leading clan of the Barlas traced its origin to Qarchar Barlas,[1] head of one of Chaghadai's regiments. According to The Secret History of the Mongols - a 13th century epic written during the reign of Ögedei Khan - the Barlas were descendants of the legendary Mongol warlord Bodonchir (Bodon Achir; Bodon'ar Mungqaq) who was also considered the direct ancestor of Genghis Khan.[6] The 14th century conqueror Timur was from a noble family of the Barlas clan.[7]
See also
References
- ^ a b B.F. Manz, The rise and rule of Tamerlan, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1989, p. 28: "… We know definitely that the leading clan of the Barlas tribe traced its origin to Qarchar Barlas, head of one of Chaghadai's regiments ... These then were the most prominent members of the Ulus Chaghadai: the old Mongolian tribes - Barlas, Arlat, Soldus and Jalayir …"
- ^ a b M.S. Asimov & C. E. Bosworth, History of Civilizations of Central Asia, UNESCO Regional Office, 1998, ISBN 9231034677, p. 320: "… One of his followers was […] Timur of the Barlas tribe. This Mongol tribe had settled […] in the valley of Kashka Darya, intermingling with the Turkish population, adopting their religion (Islam) and gradually giving up its own nomadic ways, like a number of other Mongol tribes in Transoxania …"
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, "Timur", Online Academic Edition, 2007.
- ^ G.R. Garthwaite, "The Persians", Malden, ISBN 9781557868602, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2007. (p.148)
- ^ a b G. Doerfer, Chaghatay, in Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition 2007, (LINK): "... Even when Chaghatay authors deliberately set out to write in Turkish they were not able to avoid using Persian words. For example, when [...] ʿAlī Shīr Navā'ī (844-906/1441-1501) [...] wrote Mohākamat al-loğatayn in order to prove the superiority of Turkish over Persian, he used a language that contained 62.6 percent Persian and Arabic words ..."
- ^ The Secret History of the Mongols, transl. by I. De Rachewiltz, Chapter I.
- ^ René Grousset, The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia, Rutgers University Press, 1988. ISBN 0-8135-1304-9 (p.409)
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