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Hurricane Ike: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 21°0′N 72°48′W / 21.000°N 72.800°W / 21.000; -72.800
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==Preparations==
==Preparations==


===The United States of America===
=== United States ===


====Florida====
====Florida====
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*The NHC's [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/text/refresh/MIATCMAT4+shtml/ latest forecast/advisory on Hurricane Ike].
*The NHC's [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/text/refresh/MIATCMAT4+shtml/ latest forecast/advisory on Hurricane Ike].


==Forecast==
===Forecast===
Current projected paths and forecast models show an impact on the South Florida coast, Cuba and possibly into the South US states potentially as early as Tuesday <ref name="model">{{cite web|author=NBC|year=2008|title=Hurricane Tracker -Ike Models|publisher=NBC2 News|url=http://www.nbc-2.com/Weather/hurricaneplots1.shtml}}</ref>. This has raised widening fears and memories of [[Hurricane Andrew]]'s effect on Florida in 1992.<ref name="AP Ike Andrew">{{cite news|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/26566571/|title=Is Hurricane Ike like devastating Andrew?|last=Staff writer|date=2008-08-06|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|accessdate=2008-09-06}}</ref>
Current projected paths and forecast models show an impact on the South Florida coast, Cuba and possibly into the South US states potentially as early as Tuesday <ref name="model">{{cite web|author=NBC|year=2008|title=Hurricane Tracker -Ike Models|publisher=NBC2 News|url=http://www.nbc-2.com/Weather/hurricaneplots1.shtml}}</ref>. This has raised widening fears and memories of [[Hurricane Andrew]]'s effect on Florida in 1992.<ref name="AP Ike Andrew">{{cite news|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/26566571/|title=Is Hurricane Ike like devastating Andrew?|last=Staff writer|date=2008-08-06|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|accessdate=2008-09-06}}</ref>
Recent long term forecasts have even showed a possible path towards New Orleans and the United States Gulf Coast.<ref name="What path will Hurricane Ike take?">{{cite news|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21134540/vp/26578718#26578718|title=What path will Hurricane Ike take?|publisher=[[MSNBC]]|accessdate=2008-09-06}}</ref>
Recent long term forecasts have even showed a possible path towards New Orleans and the United States Gulf Coast.<ref name="What path will Hurricane Ike take?">{{cite news|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21134540/vp/26578718#26578718|title=What path will Hurricane Ike take?|publisher=[[MSNBC]]|accessdate=2008-09-06}}</ref>
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==External links==
==External links==
{{tcportal}}
*http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/index.shtml
*http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/index.shtml
*The NHC's [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2008/NINE.shtml? archive on Hurricane Ike]
*The NHC's [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2008/NINE.shtml? archive on Hurricane Ike]

Revision as of 14:19, 7 September 2008

This article is about the Atlantic hurricane of 2008. For other storms of the same name, see Tropical Storm Ike.

21°0′N 72°48′W / 21.000°N 72.800°W / 21.000; -72.800

Hurricane Ike
Current storm status
Category 4 hurricane (1-min mean)
Satellite image
Forecast map
As of:8 a.m. AST (1200 UTC) September 7
Location:21.0°N 72.8°W ± 15 nm
Just E of Great Inagua
Sustained winds:115 knots | 135 mph | 215 km/h (1-min mean)
gusting to 140 knots | 160 mph | 260 km/h
Pressure:949 mbar (hPa) | 28.02 inHg
Movement:W at 13 kt | 15 mph | 24 km/h
See more detailed information.

Hurricane Ike is the ninth named storm, fifth hurricane and third major hurricane of the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season.[1] A Cape Verde-type hurricane, it started as a tropical disturbance off the coast of Africa near the end of August, then tracked south of Cape Verde and slowly developed. On September 1, it became a tropical storm west of the Cape Verde islands.[2][3]

Storm history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On August 29, a fast moving tropical wave exited the African coastline. The wave slowly intensified over the next several days while moving generally towards the west-northwest. On September 1, the wave developed a sufficient amount of convection and was designated Tropical Depression Nine. The depression had developed a large amount of convection as well as cyclonically curved bands. Satellite estimates were already indicating that the depression was a tropical storm, however, the National Hurricane Center did not classify it as such because the convection was newly formed.[4] The depression continued to intensify as it became better organized and at 5 p.m. (EDT), it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Ike.[5][6] Ike was located in an environment which was supportive of intensification and the forecast showed Ike becoming a Hurricane within 36 hours of its upgrade.[7][8]

Image of Hurricane Ike on September 4, 2008 as he began to near peak intensity. The image was taken by the International Space Station (ISS) from over 220 miles above the Hurricane

During the overnight hours of September 1, Ike stopped intensifying as part of the eastern band began to erode as northerly wind shear began to impact the system.[9] By late morning on September 2, Ike began to intensify again as shear relaxed a little on the system.[10] Throughout the day, deep convection developed around the center of Ike indicating that the storm was still intensifying. Ike also quickened its movement to 18 mph (30 km/h) due to a strengthening mid-level high located to the north-northeast of Ike.[11] Again intensification stopped during the overnight hours as the structure of Ike remained mostly unchanged.[12]

Ike remained at the same intensity and structure through the early morning hours of September 3. However, by the late morning, Ike began to intensify again. Microwave satellites depicted an eye beginning to form and Ike strengthened just below hurricane status.[13] The eye continued to become better defined and by mid-afternoon Ike was upgraded to a hurricane.[14] Ike was in an area that lacked vertical wind shear and intensification was likely.[15] Due to the lack of wind shear, Ike began to undergo explosive intensification and was upgraded to a major hurricane with winds of 115 mph (185 km/h) only three hours after being upgraded to a hurricane. During the three hour span, the pressure dropped 24 mbar.[16][17] Ike continued to intensify and was further upgraded to a Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale three hours later with winds of 135 mph (215 km/h) and a pressure of 948 mbar (27.99 inHg).[18]

By the early morning hours on September 4, Ike had reached its peak intensity of 145 mph (230 km/h) with a pressure of 935 mbar (27.61 inHg), making it the most intense storm thus far in the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season. Ike was now forecast to weaken as the upper-level high to the north of the system continued to strengthen resulting in stronger northerly wind shear affecting Ike.[19] The explosive intensification lasted roughly 24 hours as Ike intensified from a tropical storm to a Category 4 hurricane with a pressure drop of 61 mbar. By the late morning, Ike began to weaken as the cloud tops around the eye began to warm. Models were forecasting Ike to encounter strong wind shear and slowly weaken but maintain major hurricane status.[20] This trend of the clouds warming continued through the afternoon and Ike continued to weaken slowly. By mid-afternoon, Ike was barely a Category 4 hurricane with winds of 135 mph (215 km/h).[21] Ike began to show signs of intensification once more during the late night hours. The eye became more clear and better defined and the clouds around the eye began to deepen and become colder.[22]

Image of Hurricane Ike on September 6th, 2008 nearing the southeastern Bahamas

The show of possible strengthening did not last long. By the morning of September 5, northerly wind shear began to erode the northern part of the system and the cloud tops around the eye began to warm once more. The structure of the eye became less prominent as microwave satellite imagery showed that the inner structure of Ike was not deteriorating or beginning to undergo an eyewall replacement cycle.[23] A later pass made by the satellite found that the northern eye wall had eroded and most of the convection was in the southern semi-circle of the storm. This indicated that Ike was continuing to weaken as it remained in a hostile environment. This weakening soon stopped the next day, and Ike once again became an "extremely dangerous" Category 4 hurricane.[24][25]

Preparations

United States

Florida

On September 5, the governor of Florida, Charlie Crist, declared a state of emergency in advance of Ike's arrival, which was expected to be as early as September 8. In Key West, authorities issued a mandatory evacuation for all visitors for September 6. FEMA positioned supplies, and emergency response crews in Florida and along the Gulf Coast.[26]

Turks and Caicos Islands

Ike approached the Turks and Caicos Islands, population about 32,000, late Saturday night as a 135mph (215 kph), Category 4 storm. Initial news interviews with residents indicated that many roofs were ripped off and 50% of houses damaged. Power was out throughout Grand Turk island. After the eye of the storm passed over, it continued west at 15mph (24kph) headed directly for eastern Cuba.[27][28]

Impact

Turks and Caicos Islands

Ike damaged over 80% of all homes on the Turks and Caicos Islands, although it is unknown how the Islands stood up to Ike's massive storm surge.[29]

Current storm information

As of 8 a.m. AST (1200 UTC) September 7, Hurricane Ike is located within 15 nautical miles of 21.0°N 72.8°W, just east of Great Inagua. Maximum sustained winds are 115 knots (130 mph, 215 km/h), with stronger gusts. Minimum central pressure is 949 mbar (hPa; 28.02 InHg), and the system is moving west at 13 kt (15 mph, 24 km/h).

Hurricane-force winds extend out up to 45 mi (75 km) from the center of Ike, and tropical storm-force winds extend out up to 145 mi (230 km) from the center.

Storm surge levels of 13 to 18 feet (3.9 to 5.5 m) are expected in the warning areas north of Ike. Rainfall amounts of 4 to 8 inches (100 to 200 mm), with isolated amounts up to 12 inches (300 mm), are expected in the southeastern Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos. Rainfall amounts of 6 to 12 inches (150 to 300 mm), are expected in eastern Cuba and Hispaniola, with isolated peak amounts as high as 20 inches (500 mm) possible.

Watches and warnings

Hurricane warning levels
Hurricane warning
Hurricane conditions
expected within 36 hours.
Hurricane watch
Hurricane conditions
possible within 48 hours.
Tropical storm warning
Tropical storm conditions expected within 36 hours.
Tropical storm watch
Tropical storm conditions possible within 48 hours.
Storm surge warning
Life-threatening storm surge possible within 36 hours.
Storm surge watch
Life-threatening storm surge possible within 48 hours.
Extreme wind warning
Winds reaching Category 3 status or higher likely (issued two hours or less before onset of extreme winds).

As of 8 a.m. AST (1200 UTC) September 7, the following warnings and watches are in effect:

Hurricane warning
Hurricane watch
Tropical storm warning
Tropical storm watch

For latest official information see:

Forecast

Current projected paths and forecast models show an impact on the South Florida coast, Cuba and possibly into the South US states potentially as early as Tuesday [30]. This has raised widening fears and memories of Hurricane Andrew's effect on Florida in 1992.[31] Recent long term forecasts have even showed a possible path towards New Orleans and the United States Gulf Coast.[32]

References

  1. ^ Klienberg, Eliot (2008-09-02). "U.S. tracking tropical storms Hanna, Ike, Josephine". Palm Beach Post. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
  2. ^ "Storm Ike, 9th of season, forms in Atlantic". Reuters. 2008-09-01. Retrieved 2008-09-01.
  3. ^ DiSavino, Scott (2008-09-02). "Energy market eyes Tropical Storm Ike in Atlantic". Reuters UK. Archived from the original on 2008-09-03. Retrieved 2008-09-02. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  4. ^ Avila (2008-09-01). "Tropical Depression Nine Discussion One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
  5. ^ Rappleye, Christine (2008-09-01). "Tropical Storm Ike the ninth named storm of the season". Beaumont Enterprise. Retrieved 2008-09-01. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  6. ^ "Tropical Storm Ike forms in Atlantic". Sun Sentinel. 2008-09-01. Retrieved 2008-09-01.
  7. ^ Avila (2008-09-01). "Tropical Storm Ike Discussion Two". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
  8. ^ Christie, Michael (2008-09-01). "Storm Ike forms, seen growing into hurricane". Reuters. Retrieved 2008-09-01.
  9. ^ Roberts/Franklin (2008-09-01). "Tropical Storm Ike Discussion Three". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
  10. ^ Berg/Knabb (2008-09-02). "Tropical Storm Ike Discussion Five". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
  11. ^ Berg/Knabb (2008-09-02). "Tropical Storm Ike Discussion Six". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
  12. ^ Avila (2008-09-02). "Tropical Storm Ike Discussion Seven". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
  13. ^ Knabb (2008-09-03). "Tropical Storm Ike Discussion Nine". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
  14. ^ "Forecasters: Ike strengthens into major hurricane". Associated Press. The Guardian. 2008-09-03. Retrieved 2008-09-03.
  15. ^ Knabb (2008-09-03). "Hurricane Ike Discussion Ten". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
  16. ^ Delva, Joseph Guyler (2008-09-03). "Ike strengthens into major hurricane". Reuters. Retrieved 2008-09-03. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ Brown (2008-09-03). "Hurricane Ike Special Discussion Eleven". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
  18. ^ Brown (2008-09-03). "Hurricane Ike Discussion Twelve". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
  19. ^ Pasch (2008-09-04). "Hurricane Ike Discussion Thirteen". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
  20. ^ Blake (2008-09-04). "Hurricane Ike Discussion Fourteen". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
  21. ^ Blake (2008-09-04). "Hurricane Ike Discussion Fifteen". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
  22. ^ Brown (2008-09-04). "Hurricane Ike Discussion Sixteen". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
  23. ^ Knabb (2008-09-05). "Hurricane Ike discussion Seventeen". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
  24. ^ Roberts/Knabb (2008-09-05). "Hurricane Ike Discussion Eighteen". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
  25. ^ "Hurricane Ike weakens to Category 3 storm". The Associated Press. 2008-09-05. Retrieved 2008-09-05. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  26. ^ "Hanna, Ike aim for East Coast". MSNBC. 2008-09-06. Retrieved 2008-09-06.
  27. ^ USAToday
  28. ^ CNN
  29. ^ Ike blasts Turks and Caicos as Category 4 storm
  30. ^ NBC (2008). "Hurricane Tracker -Ike Models". NBC2 News.
  31. ^ Staff writer (2008-08-06). "Is Hurricane Ike like devastating Andrew?". Associated Press. Retrieved 2008-09-06.
  32. ^ "What path will Hurricane Ike take?". MSNBC. Retrieved 2008-09-06.

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