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:AP '''Afatz hAriwulafa ¶ hAþuwulafz hAeruwulafiz'''
:AP '''Afatz hAriwulafa ¶ hAþuwulafz hAeruwulafiz'''
:AQ '''hAþuwulafz hAeruwulafiz ¶ Afatz hAriwulafa'''
:AQ '''hAþuwulafz hAeruwulafiz ¶ Afatz hAriwulafa'''
:B '''warAit runAz þAiAz'''<ref name="rundata">[http://www.nordiska.uu.se/forskn/samnord.htm Projektet Samnordisk runtextdatabas] - [[Rundata]].</ref>
:B '''warAit runAz þAiAz'''<ref name="rundata">[http://www.nordiska.uu.se/forskn/samnord.htm Projektet Samnordisk runtextdatabas] - [[Rundata]] entry for DR 359.</ref>


===Transcription into Proto-Norse===
===Transcription into Proto-Norse===
Line 29: Line 29:


==Sources==
==Sources==
*{{Cite book |last=Cleasby |first=Richard |authorlink= |coauthors=Vigfússon, Guðbrandur |title=An Icelandic-English Dictionary |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1878 |location= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=RnEJAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false |doi= |id= |isbn= }}
*{{Cite book |last=Cleasby |first=Richard |authorlink=Richard Cleasby |last2=Vigfússon |first2=Guðbrandur |author2-link=Guðbrandur Vigfússon |title=An Icelandic-English Dictionary |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1878 |location= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=RnEJAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false |doi= |id= |isbn= }}
*{{Cite book |last=Gräslund |first=Anne-Sofie |authorlink= |editor-last=Andrén |editor-first=Anders |editor2-last=Jennbert |editor2-first=Kristina et al |contribution=Wolves, Serpents and Birds: Their Symbolic Meaning in Old Norse Belief |title=Old Norse Religion in Long-Term Perspectives: Origins, Changes, and Interactions |publisher=Nordic Academic Press |year=2006 |location=Lund |pages=124–129 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=gjq6rvoIRpAC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false |doi= |id= |isbn=91-89116-81-X}}
*{{Cite book |last=Gräslund |first=Anne-Sofie |authorlink= |editor-last=Andrén |editor-first=Anders |editor2-last=Jennbert |editor2-first=Kristina et al |contribution=Wolves, Serpents and Birds: Their Symbolic Meaning in Old Norse Belief |title=Old Norse Religion in Long-Term Perspectives: Origins, Changes, and Interactions |publisher=Nordic Academic Press |year=2006 |location=Lund |pages=124–129 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=gjq6rvoIRpAC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false |doi= |id= |isbn=91-89116-81-X}}
*Jacobsen, Lis & [[Erik Moltke|Moltke, Erik]]: ''Danmarks Runeindskrifter''. 3rd tome. 1941.
*Jacobsen, Lis & [[Erik Moltke|Moltke, Erik]]: ''Danmarks Runeindskrifter''. 3rd tome. 1941.

Revision as of 20:22, 24 April 2010

The Istaby Runestone, as drawn by Stephens in 1884.

The Istaby Runestone or DR 359 is a runestone in Proto-Norse which was raised in Blekinge, Sweden, during the Vendel era.

Inscription

Transliteration into Latin characters

AP Afatz hAriwulafa ¶ hAþuwulafz hAeruwulafiz
AQ hAþuwulafz hAeruwulafiz ¶ Afatz hAriwulafa
B warAit runAz þAiAz[1]

Transcription into Proto-Norse

AP Aftr Hariwulfa. Haþuwulfz Heruwulfiz
AQ Haþuwulfz Heruwulfiz aftr Hariwulfa
B wrait runaz þaiaz.[1]

English translation

AP In memory of Hariwulfar. Haþuwulfar, Heruwulfar's son,
AQ Haþuwulf(a)r, Heruwulfar's son, in memory of Hariwulfar
B wrote these runes.[1]

Interpretation

The Istaby, Stentoften Runestone and Gummarp Runestone inscriptions can be identified with the same clan through the names that are mentioned on them,[2] and the names are typical for chieftains. The Björketorp Runestone lacks names and is raised some tens of kilometers from the others. However, it is beyond doubt that the Björketorp runestone is connected to them, because in addition to the special runic forms, the same message is given on the Stentoften Runestone. Of these, on stylistics grounds, the Istaby runestone may be the oldest.[2]

The name Hariwulfa is a combination of hari meaning "warrior" and wulafa "wolf," while the haþu of Haþuwulfz means "battle"[3] and the heru of Heruwulfar, when combined in personal names, means a "host" or "magnitude."[4] It has been suggested that the assignment of such names is related to ritualistic practices and religious wolf-symbolism used in the initiation of young warriors.[5]

The Istaby runestone is currently located at the Swedish Museum of National Antiquities in Stockholm.

References

  1. ^ a b c Projektet Samnordisk runtextdatabas - Rundata entry for DR 359.
  2. ^ a b Looijenga (2003:188).
  3. ^ Looijenga (2003:181).
  4. ^ Cleasby & Vigfússon (188:258).
  5. ^ Gräslund (2006:125).

Sources

  • Cleasby, Richard; Vigfússon, Guðbrandur (1878). An Icelandic-English Dictionary. Clarendon Press.
  • Gräslund, Anne-Sofie (2006). "Wolves, Serpents and Birds: Their Symbolic Meaning in Old Norse Belief". In Andrén, Anders; Jennbert, Kristina; et al. (eds.). Old Norse Religion in Long-Term Perspectives: Origins, Changes, and Interactions. Lund: Nordic Academic Press. pp. 124–129. ISBN 91-89116-81-X. {{cite book}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |editor2-first= (help)
  • Jacobsen, Lis & Moltke, Erik: Danmarks Runeindskrifter. 3rd tome. 1941.
  • Looijenga, Tineke (2003). Texts & Contexts of the Oldest Runic Inscriptions. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV. ISBN 90-04-12396-2.


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