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==Impact==
==Impact==


Tropical Storm Winona brought strong winds and heavy rains to the Japanese archipelago.<ref name="DT">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=Typhoon 199011 (WINONA) |url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/dsummary.pl?id=199011&basin=wnp&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=[[National Institute of Informatics]]|accessdate=June 25, 2017}}</ref> A peak rainfall total occurred of {{convert|545|mm|in|abbr=on}} in [[Hakone]],<ref name="DT2">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=AMeDAS HAKONE (46161) @ Typhoon 1990111|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/amedas/graph.pl?number=46161&id=199011&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=June 25, 2017}}</ref> with {{convert|538|mm|in|abbr=on}} falling in a day.<ref name="DT" /> Meanwhile, a peak hourly total of {{convert|70|mm|in|abbr=on}} fell in [[Harunasan]].<ref name="DT3">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=AMeDAS HARUNASAN (42241) @ Typhoon 199011|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/amedas/graph.pl?number=42241&id=199011&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=June 25, 2017}}</ref> A wind gust of {{convert|45|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} was recorded in [[Tsukubasan]].<ref name="DT4">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=AMeDAS TSUKUBASAN (40243) @ Typhoon 199011|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/amedas/graph.pl?number=40243&id=199011&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=June 25, 2017}}</ref> Offshore, waves up to {{convert|26|ft|m|abbr=on}} high were recorded.<ref name="UPI1">{{cite news|title=Typhoon Winona strikes Japan's main island|agency=United Press International|date=August 9, 1990}}</ref>
Tropical Storm Winona brought strong winds and heavy rains to the Japanese archipelago.<ref name="DT">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=Typhoon 199011 (WINONA) |url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/dsummary.pl?id=199011&basin=wnp&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=[[National Institute of Informatics]]|accessdate=June 25, 2017}}</ref> A peak rainfall total occurred of {{convert|545|mm|in|abbr=on}} in [[Hakone]],<ref name="DT2">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=AMeDAS HAKONE (46161) @ Typhoon 1990111|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/amedas/graph.pl?number=46161&id=199011&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=June 25, 2017}}</ref> with {{convert|538|mm|in|abbr=on}} falling in a day.<ref name="DT" /> Meanwhile, a peak hourly total of {{convert|70|mm|in|abbr=on}} fell in [[Harunasan]].<ref name="DT3">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=AMeDAS HARUNASAN (42241) @ Typhoon 199011|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/amedas/graph.pl?number=42241&id=199011&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=June 25, 2017}}</ref> A wind gust of {{convert|45|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} was recorded on [[Mount Tsukuba|Mount Tsukubasan]].<ref name="DT4">{{cite report|first1=Kitamoto|last1=Asanobu|title=AMeDAS TSUKUBASAN (40243) @ Typhoon 199011|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/amedas/graph.pl?number=40243&id=199011&lang=en|website=Digital Typhoon|publisher=National Institute of Informatics|accessdate=June 25, 2017}}</ref> Offshore, waves up to {{convert|26|ft|m|abbr=on}} high were recorded.<ref name="UPI1">{{cite news|title=Typhoon Winona strikes Japan's main island|agency=United Press International|date=August 9, 1990}}</ref>


Due to stormy weather, more than 60 scheduled domestic air flights between Tokyo and western Japan were delayed or cancelled.<ref name="AP1" /> Inter-island ferry service was suspended.<ref name="UPI1" /> A total of 50 trains were stopped and 60 others were delayed, which resulted in 2,500 stranded passengers.<ref name="UPI2" /> The cyclone forced the first two days of the [[NEC Karuizawa 72|Karuizawa 72 Tokyu Ladies Open]] to be shortened.<ref name="AP2">{{cite news|title=Sports News|agency=Associated Press|date=August 11, 1990}}</ref>
Due to stormy weather, more than 60 scheduled domestic air flights between Tokyo and western Japan were delayed or cancelled.<ref name="AP1" /> Inter-island ferry service was suspended.<ref name="UPI1" /> A total of 50 trains were stopped and 60 others were delayed, which resulted in 2,500 stranded passengers.<ref name="UPI2" /> The cyclone forced the first two days of the [[NEC Karuizawa 72|Karuizawa 72 Tokyu Ladies Open]] to be shortened.<ref name="AP2">{{cite news|title=Sports News|agency=Associated Press|date=August 11, 1990}}</ref>


Thirteen people suffered injuries,<ref name="AP1">{{cite news|title=Typhoon Rains Injure 13 Japanese|agency=Associated Press|date=August 10, 1990}}</ref> including a 54-year-old hotel owner broke a rib when heavy winds toppled a seaside in [[Shizuoka]].<ref name="UPI2">{{cite news|title=Typhoon Winona hits central Japan, injuring three|agency=United Press International|date=August 10, 1990}}</ref> Seven reservoirs received more than {{convert|20,000,000|ST|kg|abbr=on|disp=5}} of water to reach 36% capacity, which allowed authorities to lift restrictions on water use that were enacted following a drought. Nineteen roads were damaged and forty-three landslides were reported. A total of 686 houses sustained flooding.<ref name="AP1" />
Thirteen people suffered injuries,<ref name="AP1">{{cite news|title=Typhoon Rains Injure 13 Japanese|agency=Associated Press|date=August 10, 1990}}</ref> including a 54-year-old hotel owner broke a rib when heavy winds toppled a seaside in [[Shizuoka]].<ref name="UPI2">{{cite news|title=Typhoon Winona hits central Japan, injuring three|agency=United Press International|date=August 10, 1990}}</ref> Seven reservoirs received more than {{convert|20,000,000|ST|MT|abbr=on|disp=5}} of water to reach 36% capacity, which allowed authorities to lift restrictions on water use that were enacted following a drought. Nineteen roads were damaged and forty-three landslides were reported. A total of 686 houses sustained flooding.<ref name="AP1" />



==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 05:38, 26 June 2017

Tropical Storm Winona
Severe tropical storm (JMA scale)
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
Winona early on August 10
FormedAugust 4, 1990 (August 4, 1990)
DissipatedAugust 11, 1990 (August 11, 1990)
Highest winds10-minute sustained: 110 km/h (70 mph)
1-minute sustained: 120 km/h (75 mph)
Lowest pressure975 hPa (mbar); 28.79 inHg
FatalitiesY total
DamageX
Areas affectedJapan
Part of the 1990 Pacific typhoon season

Tropical Storm Winona struck Japan during August 1990.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

Tropical Storm Winona originated from the monsoon trough that was displaced 550 km (340 mi)* north of its climatological position. An area of enhanced convection developed within the monsoon trough in the East China Sea at around 00:00 UTC on August 4. Six hours later, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) started tracking the system as a weak low-pressure area developed.[1] At 18:00 UTC, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified the system as a tropical depression.[2][nb 1][nb 2] At first, strong wind shear left the center to the north of persistent convection. Following Dvorak classification of T1.0/50 km/h (30 mph)*, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) at 11:00 UTC on August 5. Twenty four hours later, the JTWC started issuing warnings on the system, designating the system as a tropical depression, after the system's convection structure improved and thunderstorm activity increased in converge.[1] The depression initially moved northeast,[5] skirting past the southern tip of Kyushu,[6] only to turn southeast under the influence of the monsoonal flow.[1] On the evening of August 6, the JMA upgraded the depression into a tropical storm.[2]

Winona was in between two subtropical ridges - one in the Luzon Strait and one south of Tropical Storm Vernon. Early on August 7, the JTWC upgraded the system into a tropical storm, naming Winona. Wind shear began to relax; consequently, the storm's low-level center moved under the deep convection. By 00:00 UTC on August 8, Winona abruptly turned north in response to a building ridge to its southeast. Strengthening was aided by the development of dual upper-level outflow channels.[1] Early on August 8, the JMA reported that Winona strengthened into a severe tropical storm.[7] By this time, Winona was expected by both agencies to move over northeastern Japan, but Winona tracked further south than predicted, maintaining a northward course in the direction of Japan.[1] At noon on August 9, the JMA estimated that Winona peaked in intensity with winds of 115 km/h (70 mph)* and a barometric pressure of 975 mbar (28.8 inHg). Meanwhile, the JMA upgraded Winona into a typhoon, simultaneously, the agency estimated that the typhoon in peak intensity, with winds of 120 km/h (75 mph)*[1] over 330 kilometres (205 mi)* east-southeast of Tokyo.[6] Early on August 10, Winona made landfall close to Hamamatsu near peak intensity. After landfall, it began to accelerate northeastward and by 12:00 UTC, Winona was embedded in the mid-latitude westerlies and started a transition into an extratropical cyclone.[1] Eighteen hours later, at 06:00 UTC on August 11, the JMA declared Winona an extratropical cyclone;[2] the JTWC followed suit several hours later.[1] On August 14, Winona ceased tracking the system.[2]

Impact

Tropical Storm Winona brought strong winds and heavy rains to the Japanese archipelago.[8] A peak rainfall total occurred of 545 mm (21.5 in) in Hakone,[9] with 538 mm (21.2 in) falling in a day.[8] Meanwhile, a peak hourly total of 70 mm (2.8 in) fell in Harunasan.[10] A wind gust of 45 km/h (28 mph) was recorded on Mount Tsukubasan.[11] Offshore, waves up to 26 ft (7.9 m) high were recorded.[12]

Due to stormy weather, more than 60 scheduled domestic air flights between Tokyo and western Japan were delayed or cancelled.[13] Inter-island ferry service was suspended.[12] A total of 50 trains were stopped and 60 others were delayed, which resulted in 2,500 stranded passengers.[14] The cyclone forced the first two days of the Karuizawa 72 Tokyu Ladies Open to be shortened.[15]

Thirteen people suffered injuries,[13] including a 54-year-old hotel owner broke a rib when heavy winds toppled a seaside in Shizuoka.[14] Seven reservoirs received more than 20,000,000 short tons (18,143,695 t)* of water to reach 36% capacity, which allowed authorities to lift restrictions on water use that were enacted following a drought. Nineteen roads were damaged and forty-three landslides were reported. A total of 686 houses sustained flooding.[13]

See also


Notes

  1. ^ The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean.[3]
  2. ^ Wind estimates from the JMA and most other basins throughout the world are sustained over 10 minutes, while estimates from the United States-based Joint Typhoon Warning Center are sustained over 1 minute. 10‑minute winds are about 1.14 times the amount of 1‑minute winds.[4]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Joint Typhoon Warning Center; Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center (1992). Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: 1990 (PDF) (Report). United States Navy, United States Air Force. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d Japan Meteorological Agency (October 10, 1992). RSMC Best Track Data – 1990–1999 (.TXT) (Report). Retrieved June 12, 2017.
  3. ^ "Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo – Typhoon Center 2000" (PDF). Japan Meteorological Agency. February 2001. p. 3. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
  4. ^ Christopher W Landsea; Hurricane Research Division (April 26, 2004). "Subject: D4) What does "maximum sustained wind" mean? How does it relate to gusts in tropical cyclones?". Frequently Asked Questions:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
  5. ^ Typhoon 12W Best Track (TXT) (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 17, 2002. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
  6. ^ a b Hong Kong Observatory (1991). "Part III – Tropical Cyclone Summaries". Meteorological Results: 1990 (PDF). Meteorological Results (Report). Hong Kong Observatory. p. 15. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
  7. ^ Kenneth R. Knapp; Michael C. Kruk; David H. Levinson; Howard J. Diamond; Charles J. Neumann (2010). 1990 Winona (1990216N29125). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
  8. ^ a b Asanobu, Kitamoto. Typhoon 199011 (WINONA). Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
  9. ^ Asanobu, Kitamoto. AMeDAS HAKONE (46161) @ Typhoon 1990111. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
  10. ^ Asanobu, Kitamoto. AMeDAS HARUNASAN (42241) @ Typhoon 199011. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
  11. ^ Asanobu, Kitamoto. AMeDAS TSUKUBASAN (40243) @ Typhoon 199011. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
  12. ^ a b "Typhoon Winona strikes Japan's main island". United Press International. August 9, 1990.
  13. ^ a b c "Typhoon Rains Injure 13 Japanese". Associated Press. August 10, 1990.
  14. ^ a b "Typhoon Winona hits central Japan, injuring three". United Press International. August 10, 1990.
  15. ^ "Sports News". Associated Press. August 11, 1990.


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