Urla clashes: Difference between revisions

Urla clashes
	Part of Greco-Turkish War
	; Greek soldiers disembarking in Smyrna (May 1919)
Date	16–17 May 1919
Location	Urla
Result	Greek victory. Greek army enters Urla
Belligerents
Greece	Kuva-yi Milliye
Commanders and leaders
	Lieutenant colonel Kazım Bey¹
Strength
800 irregular Greeks; 2 Greek army companies	25 soldiers and gendarmeries; 120 militia men
	1: 173. regiment commander, 2: 173. regiment soldiers

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Urla Clashes were a series of clashes in Urla (now a district center of İzmir Province, Turkey) during the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922). After the Greek landing at İzmir, the Greek army advanced and occupied Bornova and Karşıyaka. After that it advanced to the Karaburun Peninsula where Urla was situated. According to the population statistics from 1914, the region had a Greek majority (24,711), with a minority of Turks (9,321).^{[citation needed]}

Prelude

Incited by the Greek army's presence, about 800 armed local Greeks started to besiege and attack Turkish villages in Urla.^[4] The villages of Kuşçular, Kızılcaköy, Devederesi were looted and burnt down.^[5] Additionally, a Greek Evzones company, disembarking a torpedo boat, went ashore in Urla and started to occupy Urla.^[5]

Clashes

At this time, the 173. infantry regiment of the Ottoman 56th division was stationed in Urla. The commander of the regiment was Lieutenant colonel Kazım Bey. The regiment consisted of 100 men, but most of them were scattered around Urla. Kazım Bey had only 25 soldiers and gendarmeries under his command when the attacks commenced. With these 25 men, he managed to repel the irregular Greek attacks.^[3] As soon as the local Turkish population heard about these incidents, they entered the arms depot of the town and took the rifles and ammunition. With these rifles and ammunition they established the first Kuva-yi Milliye unit in western Anatolia, consisting of 120 men.^[2] This militia unit joined Kazım Bey's forces. The clashes lasted from 16–17 May. A Greek battleship docked at the Urla pier and unloaded more Greek troops. The arrival of Greek troops, from Smyrna, accompanied by a British officer, ended the clashes at the evening of 17 May.

Aftermath

The surrendered Turkish soldiers and gendarmeries were disarmed and arrested.^[6] On the other hand most of the 120 men strong militia unit retreated to the interior of Anatolia. It has been claimed that these clashes in Urla marked the first combined activity between Turkish irregular and regular units in the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922).^[2]

References

^ Oğuz Gülcan, 2007, page 178.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Baki Sarısakal: Belge ve tanıklarla Samsun'dan Ankara'ya: 19 Mayıs 1919 - 23 Nisan 1920, Issue 1, 2008, ISBN 9759229668, page 213.
^ ^a ^b Kadir Kasalak: Kuva-yı Milliye'nin Askeri Açıdan Etüdü, (Atatürk Research Center Journal, issue 42, Edition: XIV, November 1998, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin 75. Yılı Özel Sayısı). Template:Tr
^ A. Munis Armağan: Bozmenderes'ten Bozdağlar'a Kuvayı Milliye, 2005, ISBN 9789759800116, page 52.
^ ^a ^b Celâl Bayar: Ben de yazdım, Baha Matbaası, 1968, page 1815.
^ Oğuz Gülcan, 2007, page 179.

Sources

Oğuz Gülcan: BATI ANADOLU’DA KUVAYI MİLLİYENİN OLUŞUMU (1919–1920), Ankara Üniversitesi Türk İnkılap Tarihi Enstitüsü, 2007, pages 177-179 (Ankara University Open Archive System). Template:Tr

[oguz1-1] Oğuz Gülcan, 2007, page 178.

[baki-2] Baki Sarısakal: Belge ve tanıklarla Samsun'dan Ankara'ya: 19 Mayıs 1919 - 23 Nisan 1920, Issue 1, 2008, ISBN 9759229668, page 213.

[kadir-3] Kadir Kasalak: Kuva-yı Milliye'nin Askeri Açıdan Etüdü, (Atatürk Research Center Journal, issue 42, Edition: XIV, November 1998, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin 75. Yılı Özel Sayısı). Template:Tr

[munis-4] A. Munis Armağan: Bozmenderes'ten Bozdağlar'a Kuvayı Milliye, 2005, ISBN 9789759800116, page 52.

[celal-5] Celâl Bayar: Ben de yazdım, Baha Matbaası, 1968, page 1815.

[6] Oğuz Gülcan, 2007, page 179.

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 == Prelude ==
-Incited by the Greek army's presence, about 800 armed local [[Greek people|Greeks]] started to besiege and attack Turkish villages in [[Urla, İzmir|Urla]].<ref name="munis">A. Munis Armağan: ''Bozmenderes'ten Bozdağlar'a Kuvayı Milliye'', 2005, ISBN 9789759800116, page 52.</ref> The villages of Kuşçular, Kızılcaköy, Devederesi were looted and burnt down.<ref name="celal"/> Additionally, a Greek [[Evzones]] [[Company (military unit)|company]], disembarking a [[torpedo boat]], went ashore in Urla and started to occupy Urla.<ref name="celal">Celâl Bayar: ''Ben de yazdım'', Baha Matbaası, 1968, page 1815.</ref>
+Incited by the Greek army's presence, about 800 armed local [[Greek people|Greeks]] started to besiege and attack Turkish villages in [[Urla, İzmir|Urla]].<ref name="munis">A. Munis Armağan: ''Bozmenderes'ten Bozdağlar'a Kuvayı Milliye'', 2005, {{ISBN|9789759800116}}, page 52.</ref> The villages of Kuşçular, Kızılcaköy, Devederesi were looted and burnt down.<ref name="celal"/> Additionally, a Greek [[Evzones]] [[Company (military unit)|company]], disembarking a [[torpedo boat]], went ashore in Urla and started to occupy Urla.<ref name="celal">Celâl Bayar: ''Ben de yazdım'', Baha Matbaası, 1968, page 1815.</ref>
 == Clashes ==
 At this time, the 173. infantry [[regiment]] of the Ottoman 56th [[Division (military)|division]] was stationed in [[Urla, İzmir|Urla]]. The commander of the regiment was [[Lieutenant colonel]] Kazım Bey. The regiment consisted of 100 men, but most of them were scattered around Urla. Kazım Bey had only 25 soldiers and gendarmeries under his command when the attacks commenced. With these 25 men, he managed to repel the irregular Greek attacks.<ref name="kadir">Kadir Kasalak: [http://atam.gov.tr/kuva-yi-milliyenin-askeri-acidan-etudu/ ''Kuva-yı Milliye'nin Askeri Açıdan Etüdü''], (Atatürk Research Center Journal, issue 42, Edition: XIV, November 1998, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin 75. Yılı Özel Sayısı). {{tr}}</ref> As soon as the local [[Turkish people|Turkish]] population heard about these incidents, they entered the arms depot of the town and took the [[rifle]]s and ammunition. With these rifles and ammunition they established the first [[Kuva-yi Milliye]] unit in [[Anatolia|western Anatolia]], consisting of 120 men.<ref name="baki">Baki Sarısakal: ''
-Belge ve tanıklarla Samsun'dan Ankara'ya: 19 Mayıs 1919 - 23 Nisan 1920, Issue 1'', 2008, ISBN 9759229668, page 213.</ref> This militia unit joined Kazım Bey's forces. The clashes lasted from 16–17 May. A Greek battleship docked at the Urla pier and unloaded more Greek troops. The arrival of Greek troops, from Smyrna, accompanied by a [[British people|British]] officer, ended the clashes at the evening of 17 May.
+Belge ve tanıklarla Samsun'dan Ankara'ya: 19 Mayıs 1919 - 23 Nisan 1920, Issue 1'', 2008, {{ISBN|9759229668}}, page 213.</ref> This militia unit joined Kazım Bey's forces. The clashes lasted from 16–17 May. A Greek battleship docked at the Urla pier and unloaded more Greek troops. The arrival of Greek troops, from Smyrna, accompanied by a [[British people|British]] officer, ended the clashes at the evening of 17 May.
 == Aftermath ==