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As the train approached [[Camden, Tennessee|Camden]], Easley began to argue with several ballplayers standing on the vestibule between the train cars.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":8" /> The [[Conductor (rail)|conductor]] and the [[pullman porter]] confronted Easley and were also threatened.<ref name=":0" /> As the train was stopping at Camden, Easley jumped on to the depot platform and fire his gun into the crowd watching him from the train.<ref name=":8" /> The bullet just missed the conductor and struck Porter Moss in the stomach.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":0" /> Porter's teammates carried him to the [[Passenger car (rail)|baggage car]] and laid him on some old clothes.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /> At the train's next stop, [[Waverly, Tennessee|Waverly]], no doctor could be found to treat Porter.<ref name=":0" /> A doctor did board the train at [[Bruceton, Tennessee|Bruceton]] to treat a white passenger,<ref name=":0" /> but when the doctor was asked to help Porter he refused because Porter was black.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /> An hour later the train pulled into [[Jackson, Tennessee|Jackson]].<ref name=":0" /> Railroad officials had called ahead and had an ambulance waiting to take Porter to the hospital.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" />
As the train approached [[Camden, Tennessee|Camden]], Easley began to argue with several ballplayers standing on the vestibule between the train cars.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":8" /> The [[Conductor (rail)|conductor]] and the [[pullman porter]] confronted Easley and were also threatened.<ref name=":0" /> As the train was stopping at Camden, Easley jumped on to the depot platform and fire his gun into the crowd watching him from the train.<ref name=":8" /> The bullet just missed the conductor and struck Porter Moss in the stomach.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":0" /> Porter's teammates carried him to the [[Passenger car (rail)|baggage car]] and laid him on some old clothes.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /> At the train's next stop, [[Waverly, Tennessee|Waverly]], no doctor could be found to treat Porter.<ref name=":0" /> A doctor did board the train at [[Bruceton, Tennessee|Bruceton]] to treat a white passenger,<ref name=":0" /> but when the doctor was asked to help Porter he refused because Porter was black.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /> An hour later the train pulled into [[Jackson, Tennessee|Jackson]].<ref name=":0" /> Railroad officials had called ahead and had an ambulance waiting to take Porter to the hospital.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" />


By the time Porter made it to the hospital he had lost too much blood and doctors could not save him.<ref name=":2" /> Porter Moss died on the 16thof July in Jackson Tennessee more than twelve hours after he was shot.<ref name=":13">Certificate of Death: Porter Moss. Filed 18 July 1944. State of Tennessee, Dept. of Public Health, Div. of Vital Statistics, Reg. Dist. No. 581, Reg. No. 25805.</ref><ref name=":8" /> His death was announced after the first game of a Sunday double header between the Red Sox and the [[Cleveland Buckeyes]] at [[Russwood Park|Russwood Field]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":9" /> Fans at the game stood at attention for one minute in his memory.<ref name=":9" /> The second game of the double header was canceled after the announcement was made.<ref name=":0" />
By the time Porter made it to the hospital he had lost too much blood and doctors could not save him.<ref name=":2" /> Porter Moss died on the 16th of July in Jackson Tennessee more than twelve hours after he was shot.<ref name=":13">Certificate of Death: Porter Moss. Filed 18 July 1944. State of Tennessee, Dept. of Public Health, Div. of Vital Statistics, Reg. Dist. No. 581, Reg. No. 25805.</ref><ref name=":8" /> His death was announced after the first game of a Sunday double header between the Red Sox and the [[Cleveland Buckeyes]] at [[Russwood Park|Russwood Field]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":9" /> Fans at the game stood at attention for one minute in his memory.<ref name=":9" /> The second game of the double header was canceled after the announcement was made.<ref name=":0" />


On October 10th1944 Johnny Easley plead guilty to 2nd Degree Murder in [[Benton County, Tennessee|Benton County Tennessee Criminal Court]].<ref name=":10">{{Cite news|url=|title=Slayer of Red Sox pitcher Sentenced|last=|first=|date=14 October 1944|work=The Pittsburgh Courier|access-date=|page=12}}</ref> He was sentenced to ten years in prison for the killing of Moss.<ref name=":10" /> Five Memphis Red Sox players were present at the court to testify, but none were called to the stand.<ref name=":10" /> The players present were Bubber Hyde, Jimmy Ford, Red Longley, [[Fred Bankhead]] and Willie Hutchinson.<ref name=":10" />
On October 10th, 1944 Johnny Easley plead guilty to 2nd Degree Murder in [[Benton County, Tennessee|Benton County Tennessee Criminal Court]].<ref name=":10">{{Cite news|url=|title=Slayer of Red Sox pitcher Sentenced|last=|first=|date=14 October 1944|work=The Pittsburgh Courier|access-date=|page=12}}</ref> He was sentenced to ten years in prison for the killing of Moss.<ref name=":10" /> Five Memphis Red Sox players were present at the court to testify, but none were called to the stand.<ref name=":10" /> The players present were Bubber Hyde, Jimmy Ford, Red Longley, [[Fred Bankhead]] and Willie Hutchinson.<ref name=":10" />


Moss left behind a wife, Artie Moss.<ref name=":9">{{Cite news|url=|title=Porter Moss, Red Sox Pitcher, dies|last=|first=|date=29 July 1944|work=The Pittsburgh Courier|access-date=|page=15}}</ref> He was buried in [[Cincinnati|Cincinnati, Ohio]] where he was born and his mother resided.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news|url=|title=Moss’s Death real blow to Memphis|last=|first=|date=22 July 1944|work=The Pittsburgh Courier|access-date=|page=12}}</ref><ref name=":9" />
Moss left behind a wife, Artie Moss.<ref name=":9">{{Cite news|url=|title=Porter Moss, Red Sox Pitcher, dies|last=|first=|date=29 July 1944|work=The Pittsburgh Courier|access-date=|page=15}}</ref> He was buried in [[Cincinnati|Cincinnati, Ohio]] where he was born and his mother resided.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news|url=|title=Moss’s Death real blow to Memphis|last=|first=|date=22 July 1944|work=The Pittsburgh Courier|access-date=|page=12}}</ref><ref name=":9" />

Revision as of 18:24, 5 November 2019

Porter Moss
Pitcher
Born: (1910-06-10)June 10, 1910
Cincinnati, Ohio
Died: July 16, 1944(1944-07-16) (aged 34)
Jackson, Tennessee
Batted: Right
Threw: Right
NLB debut
1934, for the Cincinnati Tiger
Last NLB appearance
July 16, 1944, for the Memphis Red Sox
NLB statistics
Win–loss record20-25
Career statistics
Earned run average4.31
Teams
 Negro Leagues
Career highlights and awards

Porter Moss (June 10, 1910 – July 16, 1944) was an American Negro league baseball submarine style pitcher who played primarily for the Cincinnati Tigers and the Memphis Red Sox and was a three-time participant in the Negro league All-Star game. While returning to Memphis after a game, Moss was shot and killed in an altercation at the age of 34.

Early years

Porter Moss was born June 10, 1910 in Cincinnati, Ohio.[1] His mother is listed as Ida Calloway.[1] Verdell Mathis, one of Moss's teammates on the Memphis Red Sox recalled, in an interview with The Cincinnati Enquire, that Moss was a college educated man.[2] The first mention of Moss's as a baseball pitcher in the Cincinnati newspaper doesn't start until Moss is 23 years old.

Playing career

Semi-pro

Porter Moss first appears in Cincinnati newspapers in 1933 as a pitcher for the Goodyear Shoe Repair Team, a community Class A team which played against other local Cincinnati teams.[3] Moss began to distinguish himself when on April 30, 1933, Moss struck out 15 batters in a game, but still lost the game.[3] A week later, Moss again struck out 15 batters in a game.[4] A July 10 article in the Cincinnati Enquirer recounts that the current Class A League champions, the White Sox, played the Goodyear Shoe Repair team. According to the Enquirer the White Sox pitcher Rogers and Moss “...engaged in a thrilling pitchers’ duel.” Moss struck out nine batters and Rogers retired thirteen.[5]

Cincinnati Tigers

In 1934 Porter Moss joined the newly formed Cincinnati Tigers.[6] The Tigers were the creation William DeHart Hubbard a Cincinnati native and Olympic gold medalist.[7][8] The Tigers would start the season as a member of the Negro Southern League but it is unclear if they remained in the league since they were not mentioned in the league's second half standings.[9] The team also joined the Indiana-Ohio League in June and played in the league through the elimination playoffs in August.[10][11]

Moss had mixed results pitching for the Tigers in 1934. On June 3 Moss struck out 13 batters in a 5 to 2 victory over the Louisville Black Caps of the Negro Southern League[6] and again on July 13 he lead the Tigers to a 4 to 1 victory over the Baltimore Black Sox of the Negro National League with 12 strike outs.[12] He pitched in at least two of the four games the Tiger played during the Indiana-Ohio League elimination series and was the losing pitcher for each match.[13][14] The first game of the series Moss held the Richmond Lincos to five hits and one run but the Tigers lost 1 to 0.[13] The second game of the series Moss came in as a relief pitcher in the 4th inning and was removed in the 8th after giving up seven hits and five runs.[14]

Moss continued to pitch for the Cincinnati Tigers in 1935.[15] The Tigers played teams from the Negro Southern League, Negro National League, and the Indiana-Ohio League as an independent ball club.[16][17] Moss pitched in relief in the Tiger's win against the Japanese All-Star Tokyo Giants.[18] He also toured Canada with the Tigers in late August and early September.[19] The Cincinnati Enquirer reported that in 1935 Moss won 35 of the 39 games he started.[20]

Moss was elected to the East Team for the East-West All-Star game and was selected to play in the North-South Game in 1936.[21][22] He did not play in the East-West game though as only three of the five pitchers were used in the game: Leroy Matlock, Bill Byrd, and Satchel Paige.[23] Moss had a mixed record against professional teams that year. He won against the Memphis Red Sox, but lost games against the Homestead Greys and the Chicago American Giants.[24][25][26]

The Cincinnati Tigers joined the Negro American League in 1937.[27] Moss, who continued to pitch for the club, would have 59 strikeouts over 86.1 innings for the year.[28] The numbers equate to six strikeouts for every nine innings pitched. Moss was again elected to the East Team for the East-West All-Star game. This time he would pitch six innings. Four runs would score while he was on the mound, but only one was earned.[29] The East team he played for lost 2 to 7.[29]

Memphis Red Sox

Over the winter of 1937, the Cincinnati Tigers were sold to the owners of the Memphis Red Sox.[30] The team was dissolved and several of the Tiger's player including Moss were retained by the Red Sox.[31] Moss would start eight games for the Red Sox against professional negro league teams and win four and lose three of them.[32] He maintained a rate of six strikeouts per nine innings and was credited with the earning the save in two games.[32] Memphis, with the infusion of talent from Cincinnati, won the Negro American League first half championship.[33] Moss was once more selected to the East-West Game[34] and also to the North-South Games. He would pitch all nine innings of the second game of the Negro American League Championship against the Atlanta Black Crackers.[32] The Black Crackers scored six runs against Moss, but the Red Sox still won by a score of 11 to 6.[32] Memphis and Atlanta would only play two games before the series was cancelled. Based on Memphis winning both games prior to the cancellation of the championship series the league would award the Negro American League Championship to Memphis at their winter meeting.[35]

Moss continued to play baseball after the Negro American League's season ended. In both the winter of 1937 and the winter of 1938 he was active in the California Winter League.[36] Playing for the Philadelphia Royal Giants in 1938, Moss went 3 - 0 and had the best record in the league.[36]

Moss's performance in 1939 was his worst performance since his rookie season. He lost three of the three games he started against teams in the professional leagues and his earned run average ballooned to 7.36.[28] He was once again elected to the West All-Star team, but as in 1938 he would not play in the game.[37] The Red Sox finished the 1939 season in last place.[38]

It is unclear what Porter Moss was doing during the 1940 season since there is no Negro League records of him pitching that year.[32] Immigration records show that in January 1941 Moss sailed to Miami from Havana, Cuba. Sailing with him was James Bell, Sam Bankhead, and Quincy Barbee.[39] All three of these players were known to have played overseas during this period.[40][41][42]

The 1941 and 1942 seasons saw Moss improve upon a bad 1939 season. In 1941 he started seven games against professional negro league teams, winning three and losing two.[32] On September 18, 1941 Moss had his best performance of the year pitching against the New York Black Yankees at Holland Field. Moss pitched a complete game one hit shutout and struck out eleven batters.[43] In 1942 Moss continued to post wins against teams such as the Cincinnati Clowns and the Kansas City Monarchs.[44][45] He would also return to the East West All-Star game. Moss entered the game for the West in the third inning and relieved the starting pitcher Hilton Smith. He pitched two innings allowing the East batters to score one run off of two hits. Moss left the game with the West trailing 2 -1 and the West would eventual lose with a score of 5 - 2.[46]

Moss was again sent to the East West All-Star game in 1943. This year he would be an alternate for Hilton Smith who was ill.[47] Early in the year he had thrown two complete games shutouts against both the Chicago American Giants[48] and the Cincinnati Clowns.[49] At the East-West game Moss was brought in to relief Theolic Smith in the ninth inning. The West was leading 2 - 1, but with two outs the East was threatening with runners on first and second. Moss faced Victor Harris.[50] Harris, the manager of the East team,[50] was a dangerous hitter who would post a batting average of .358 during the 1943 season and would play in the Negro League World Series that year.[51] On the second pitch from Moss, Harris hit a fly ball to the center fielder ending the game.[50] Moss was mobbed by the players and the crowd as he walked off the field.[52] Still the highlight of Moss's 1943 season would not come till September 27 when he allowed no runs and no hits in nine innings pitched against the Cincinnati Clowns.[53]

1944 was another resurgent year for the veteran Moss. In the half season that he pitched against professional Negro League teams Moss would win 3 of the 4 games he started. His strike out rate was back to over six strike outs per nine innings pitched and his earned run average was only 2.63.[32] The Pittsburgh Courier remarked in July that Moss was “… almost a sure bet for the East-West game this season.”[54]

Death

On the night of July 15 fifty-five miles from Nashville, the Memphis Red Sox's team bus broke down.[2][55] The bus had broken down before, but this night the driver and mechanic, Sam Thomas, couldn't fix the aging vehicle.[2][56] With a double header scheduled the next day the team booked passage on a train at McEwen Tennessee to complete their trip to Memphis.[2][55][56] The team was forced to sit in the over crowded “Jim Crow” car where passengers were standing do to a lack of seats.[56] Johnny Easley, who was drunk, was arguing with passengers and especially pestering the females in the train car.[2][55] Porter approached Easley and said, “Why don’t you sit down and leave the woman alone?”[2][56] Easley, upset, walked to the back of the train car. Verdell Mathis, one of Porters teammates was glad to see Easley go. Verdell had notice that Easley was carrying a gun.[2]

As the train approached Camden, Easley began to argue with several ballplayers standing on the vestibule between the train cars.[2][55] The conductor and the pullman porter confronted Easley and were also threatened.[56] As the train was stopping at Camden, Easley jumped on to the depot platform and fire his gun into the crowd watching him from the train.[55] The bullet just missed the conductor and struck Porter Moss in the stomach.[55][56] Porter's teammates carried him to the baggage car and laid him on some old clothes.[2][56] At the train's next stop, Waverly, no doctor could be found to treat Porter.[56] A doctor did board the train at Bruceton to treat a white passenger,[56] but when the doctor was asked to help Porter he refused because Porter was black.[2][56] An hour later the train pulled into Jackson.[56] Railroad officials had called ahead and had an ambulance waiting to take Porter to the hospital.[2][56]

By the time Porter made it to the hospital he had lost too much blood and doctors could not save him.[2] Porter Moss died on the 16th of July in Jackson Tennessee more than twelve hours after he was shot.[1][55] His death was announced after the first game of a Sunday double header between the Red Sox and the Cleveland Buckeyes at Russwood Field.[2][57] Fans at the game stood at attention for one minute in his memory.[57] The second game of the double header was canceled after the announcement was made.[56]

On October 10th, 1944 Johnny Easley plead guilty to 2nd Degree Murder in Benton County Tennessee Criminal Court.[58] He was sentenced to ten years in prison for the killing of Moss.[58] Five Memphis Red Sox players were present at the court to testify, but none were called to the stand.[58] The players present were Bubber Hyde, Jimmy Ford, Red Longley, Fred Bankhead and Willie Hutchinson.[58]

Moss left behind a wife, Artie Moss.[57] He was buried in Cincinnati, Ohio where he was born and his mother resided.[54][57]

References

  1. ^ a b c Certificate of Death: Porter Moss. Filed 18 July 1944. State of Tennessee, Dept. of Public Health, Div. of Vital Statistics, Reg. Dist. No. 581, Reg. No. 25805.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Porter Moss was "the best of it all"". The Cincinnati Enquirer. 5 April 1993. p. 38.
  3. ^ a b "Community League Class A". The Cincinnati Enquirer. 1 May 1933. p. 14.
  4. ^ "Class A League". The Cincinnati Enquirer. 8 May 1933. p. 12.
  5. ^ "Class A League". The Cincinnati Enquirer. 10 July 1933. p. 12.
  6. ^ a b "Tigers Cop Double". The Cincinnati Enquirer. 4 June 1934. p. 16.
  7. ^ "William DeHart Hubbard | Student Life". studentlife.umich.edu. Retrieved 2019-05-11.
  8. ^ "William D. Hubbard - Ohio History Central". www.ohiohistorycentral.org. Retrieved 2019-05-11.
  9. ^ Plott, William (2015). The Negro Southern League. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland and Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-7864-7544-5.
  10. ^ "Revised Schedule for Next Four Weeks Given: Cincinnati Tigers, Strong Negro Team, Strengthens Circuit; Search for Eighth Member To Be Continued". The Richmond Item. 6 June 1934. p. 8.
  11. ^ "Middle town Armcos to meet Lincos in League Game Sunday". The Richmond Palladium. 2 August 1934. p. 8.
  12. ^ "Baltimore is Beaten". The Cincinnati Enquirer. 14 July 1934. p. 13.
  13. ^ a b "Jocab Hurls Richmond Nine to 1-0 Triumph". The Richmond Item. 14 August 1934. p. 9.
  14. ^ a b "Kautskys Stages Rally to Defeat Tigers, 10 to 4". The Richmond Palladium. 20 August 1934. p. 9.
  15. ^ "Tigers Break Even". The Cincinnati Enquirer. 31 May 1935. p. 18.
  16. ^ "New Players to Show". The Cincinnati Enquirer. 19 April 1935. p. 18.
  17. ^ "Shroyers are Carded". The Cincinnati Enquirer. 2 May 1935. p. 16.
  18. ^ "Japanese Set Back". The Cincinnati Enquirer. 7 June 1935. p. 10.
  19. ^ "Cincy Shuts out Giants". The Pittsburgh Courier. 24 August 1935. p. 15.
  20. ^ "Tigers play Sunday". The Cincinnati Enquirer. 5 June 1936. p. 20.
  21. ^ "Western Stars may Blast Hopes of Paige & Co". The Pittsburgh Courier. 22 August 1936. p. 14.
  22. ^ "Pitching Duel is Assured by Colored Stars". The Chicago Tribune. 19 August 1936. p. 27.
  23. ^ "24,000 See East Humble West in Chi, 10-2". The Pittsburgh Courier. 29 August 1936. p. 15.
  24. ^ "Tigers Win Easily". The Cincinnati Enquirer. 30 July 1936. p. 15.
  25. ^ "Tigers are Set Back". The Cincinnati Enquirer. 22 June 1936. p. 16.
  26. ^ "Tigers Break Even". The Cincinnati Enquirer. 14 September 1936. p. 16.
  27. ^ "In Negro League". The Cincinnati Enquirer. 3 March 1937. p. 20.
  28. ^ a b "Porter Moss - Seamheads Negro Leagues Database". www.seamheads.com. Retrieved 2019-05-21.
  29. ^ a b Lester, Larry. (2001). Black baseball's national showcase : the East-West All-Star Game, 1933-1953. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0803280009. OCLC 45951683.
  30. ^ Heaphy, Leslie (2003). The Negro Leagues, 1869 - 1960. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-7864-7521-6.
  31. ^ "Memphis Red Sox Nine to have Powerlast=". The Pittsburgh Courier. 26 March 1938. p. 17.
  32. ^ a b c d e f g "Porter Moss - Seamheads Negro Leagues Database". www.seamheads.com. Retrieved 2019-05-22.
  33. ^ "They're the Best in the West but Lost to the Grays". The Pittsburgh Courier. 30 July 1938. p. 16.
  34. ^ "Colored Nines Meet Today in All-Star Game". The Chicago Tribune. 21 August 1938. p. 28.
  35. ^ Hauser, Christopher (2006). The Negro Leagues Chronology. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-7864-4236-2.
  36. ^ a b McNeil, William. (2002). The California Winter League : America's first integrated professional baseball league. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. ISBN 0786413018. OCLC 49627671.
  37. ^ "West Colored All-Star Nine Is Announced". The Chicago Tribune. 30 July 1939. p. 22.
  38. ^ "1939 Season- Seamheads Negro Leagues Database". www.seamheads.com. Retrieved 2019-05-22.
  39. ^ Porter Moss, SS Florida - List of United States Citizens, January 15, 1941; stamped page 239, line 2; Series Title: U.S. Citizen Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at Miami, Florida; NAI Number: 2774842; Record Group Title: Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1787-2004; Record Group Number: 85
  40. ^ "Cool Papa Bell". Baseball Hall of Fame. Retrieved 2019-05-23.
  41. ^ Whirty, Ryan (2014-04-16). "Durham native "Bud" Barbee's sensational career tells the story of segregated baseball in the Triangle". INDY Week. Retrieved 2019-05-23.
  42. ^ "Sam Bankhead | Society for American Baseball Research". sabr.org. Retrieved 2019-05-23.
  43. ^ "Memphis Sox Beat Black Yankees on One-Hit Pitching". The Daily Oklahoman. 19 September 1941. p. 16.
  44. ^ "Clowns Divide Bill". The Cincinnati Enquirer. 3 August 1942. p. 15.
  45. ^ "Kansas City and Memphis Divide Paige Day Games". Chicago Tribune. 27 July 1942. p. 17.
  46. ^ "The West Bows to the East Before 48,000 Fans, 5 - 2". The Pittsburgh Courier. 22 August 1942. p. 16.
  47. ^ "Six Chicagoans Picked on Negro All-Star Squad". Chicago Tribune. 25 July 1943. p. 23.
  48. ^ "The Giants Drop Two". The Post-Star. 2 July 1943. p. 15.
  49. ^ "Memphis Hurling Stops Cincinnati, 7-3, 3-0". The Pittsburgh Courier. 19 June 1943. p. 18.
  50. ^ a b c "Pitchers Star as West Beats East in Thriller". The Pittsburgh Courier. 7 August 1943. p. 19.
  51. ^ "Vic Harris - Seamheads Negro Leagues Database". www.seamheads.com. Retrieved 2019-05-23.
  52. ^ Dixon, Phil (1992). The Negro Baseball Leagues, A Photographic History. Mattituck, NY: Amereon House. ISBN 978-0-8488-3375-6.
  53. ^ "Negro League No Hitters" (PDF). The Center for Negro League Baseball Research.
  54. ^ a b "Moss's Death real blow to Memphis". The Pittsburgh Courier. 22 July 1944. p. 12.
  55. ^ a b c d e f g "Hunt for Slayer". The Pittsburgh Courier. 22 July 1944. p. 12.
  56. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m McBee, Kurt (August 2001). They Also Played the Game: A Historical Examination of the Memphis Red Sox Baseball Organization, 1922-1959 (PhD Dissertation). The University of Memphis.
  57. ^ a b c d "Porter Moss, Red Sox Pitcher, dies". The Pittsburgh Courier. 29 July 1944. p. 15.
  58. ^ a b c d "Slayer of Red Sox pitcher Sentenced". The Pittsburgh Courier. 14 October 1944. p. 12.
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