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| period = Norian
| period = Norian
| prilithology = [[Mudstone]]
| prilithology = [[Mudstone]]
| otherlithology = [[Sandstone]], [[conglomerate]]
| otherlithology = [[Sandstone]], [[conglomerate (geology)|conglomerate]]
| namedfor = [[Lockatong Creek]]
| namedfor = [[Lockatong Creek]]
| namedby =
| namedby =
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The Lockatong is often described as [[lake]] or [[litoral]] sediments. The interfingering nature of the sediments with the surrounding [[Stockton Formation]] and [[Passaic Formation]] suggests that these litoral environments shifted as climate or as the dynamic terrane of the area developed.<ref name="mult">Faill, R.T., (2004). The Birdsboro Basin. ''Pennsylvania Geology'' V. 34 n. 4.</ref> The deposition of calcitic sediments is indicative of a climate with high evaporation rates.<ref name="mult"/>
The Lockatong is often described as [[lake]] or [[litoral]] sediments. The interfingering nature of the sediments with the surrounding [[Stockton Formation]] and [[Passaic Formation]] suggests that these litoral environments shifted as climate or as the dynamic terrane of the area developed.<ref name="mult">Faill, R.T., (2004). The Birdsboro Basin. ''Pennsylvania Geology'' V. 34 n. 4.</ref> The deposition of calcitic sediments is indicative of a climate with high evaporation rates.<ref name="mult"/>


==Fossils==
==Paleobiota==
{{paleobiota-key-compact}}
{{paleobiota-key-compact}}
===Tetrapods===
===Tetrapods===
Line 46: Line 46:
! Notes
! Notes
|-
|-
|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|
|''[[Gwyneddosaurus]]''<ref name="olsen flynn 1989">{{Cite journal | last1 = Olsen | first1 = Paul E. | last2 = Flynn | first2 = John J. | year = 1989 | title = Field guide to the vertebrate paleontology of Late Triassic age rocks in the southwestern Newark Basin (Newark Supergroup, New Jersey and Pennsylvania) | journal = The Mosasaur | volume = 4 | pages = 1–43 }}</ref>
''[[Gwyneddosaurus]]''<ref name="olsen flynn 1989">{{Cite journal | last1 = Olsen | first1 = Paul E. | last2 = Flynn | first2 = John J. | year = 1989 | title = Field guide to the vertebrate paleontology of Late Triassic age rocks in the southwestern Newark Basin (Newark Supergroup, New Jersey and Pennsylvania) | journal = The Mosasaur | url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxkdnBzcGFsZW98Z3g6MzRkOTFmYmYyOTZlYjcwZQ | volume = 4 | pages = 1–43 }}</ref>
⚫
|''G. erici''
|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|
|Gwynedd (Gwynedd or North Wales Member)
⚫
''G. erici''
⚫
| Gastric ejection
|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|
| An indeterminate reptile
Gwynedd
|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|
⚫
Gastric ejection
|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|
An [[nomen dubium|dubious]] reptile,<ref name="Olsen80comparison">{{Cite book|last=Olsen|first=Paul E.|title=Aspects of Vertebrate History: Essays in Honor of Edwin Harris Colbert.|publisher=Museum of Northern Arizona Press|year=1980|isbn=|editor-last=Jacobs|editor-first=L. L.|location=Flagstaff|pages=35-53|chapter=A comparison of the vertebrate assemblages from the Newark and Hartford basins (Early Mesozoic, Newark Supergroup) of Eastern North America|chapter-url=https://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~polsen/nbcp/olsen_80_comp_2.pdf}}</ref> likely a [[chimera (paleontology)|chimera]] consisting of coelacanth and ''Tanytrachelos'' fossils.<ref name="OB86">{{cite book|last=Olsen|first=P. E.|title=In The Beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs: Faunal Change across the Triassic-Jurassic Boundary|author2=Baird, D.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1986|isbn=0-521-36779-4|editor=Padian, K.|location=Cambridge|pages=61–87|chapter=The ichnogenus ''Atreipus'' and its significance for Triassic biostratigraphy|chapter-url=https://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~polsen/nbcp/olsen_baird_86.pdf}}</ref><ref name="olsen flynn 1989"/> Has also been considered a synonym of ''Tanytrachelos''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Smith|first=Amy C.|date=11 April 2011|title=Description of ''Tanytrachelos ahynis'' and its implications for the phylogeny of Protorosauria|url=https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstream/handle/10919/37652/Smith_AC_D_2011.pdf;sequence=1|journal=Virginia Tech Dissertation|volume=|pages=|via=}}</ref>
|-
|-
|''[[Hypuronector]]''<ref name="colbert olsen 2001">{{Cite journal | last1 = Colbert | first1 = Edwin H. | last2 = Olsen | first2 = Paul E. | year = 2001 | title = A new and unusual aquatic reptile from the Lockatong Formation of New Jersey (Late Triassic, Newark Supergroup) | journal = American Museum Novitates | issue = 3334 | pages = 1–24 }}</ref>
|''[[Hypuronector]]''<ref name="colbert olsen 2001">{{Cite journal | last1 = Colbert | first1 = Edwin H. | last2 = Olsen | first2 = Paul E. | year = 2001 | title = A new and unusual aquatic reptile from the Lockatong Formation of New Jersey (Late Triassic, Newark Supergroup) | journal = American Museum Novitates | issue = 3334 | pages = 1–24 }}</ref>
|''H. limnaios''
|''H. limnaios''
|Granton Quarry (Ewing Creek Member?), Weehawken Quarry (Nursery Member)
|Granton Quarry (Ewing Creek Member?), Weehawken Quarry (Nursery Member),<ref name="colbert olsen 2001" /> Edgewater Quarry<ref name="Olsen80greatlakes" />
|Several partial skeletons
|Several partial skeletons
| A [[drepanosaur]], originally known as "the deep-tailed swimmer".<ref name="Olsen80comparison" />
| A [[drepanosaur]]
|-
|-
|''[[Icarosaurus]]''<ref name=EHC66>{{cite journal |last=Colbert |first=Edwin H. |authorlink=Edwin Harris Colbert |year=19 May 1966 |title=A gliding reptile from the Triassic of New Jersey |journal=American Museum Novitates |url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/3282/1/N2246.pdf |format=pdf |volume=2246 |pages=1–23 |issue=3282}}</ref><ref name=Colbert1970>{{cite journal |last=Colbert |first=Edwin H. |authorlink=Edwin Harris Colbert |year=1970 |title=The Triassic gliding reptile Icarosaurus |journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History |url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/1080/1/b143a02.pdf |format=pdf |volume=143 |pages=1–142 |issue=2}}</ref>
|''[[Icarosaurus]]''<ref name=EHC66>{{cite journal |last=Colbert |first=Edwin H. |authorlink=Edwin Harris Colbert |year=19 May 1966 |title=A gliding reptile from the Triassic of New Jersey |journal=American Museum Novitates |url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/3282/1/N2246.pdf |format=pdf |volume=2246 |pages=1–23 |issue=3282}}</ref><ref name=Colbert1970>{{cite journal |last=Colbert |first=Edwin H. |authorlink=Edwin Harris Colbert |year=1970 |title=The Triassic gliding reptile Icarosaurus |journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History |url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/1080/1/b143a02.pdf |format=pdf |volume=143 |pages=1–142 |issue=2}}</ref>
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|Granton Quarry (Ewing Creek Member?)
|Granton Quarry (Ewing Creek Member?)
|A partial skeleton
|A partial skeleton
| A [[kuehneosaurid]]
| A [[kuehneosaurid]].
|-
|-
|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|
|''[[Rhabdopelix]]''<ref name="olsen flynn 1989"/>
''[[Rhabdopelix]]''<ref name="olsen flynn 1989"/>
⚫
|''R. longispinis''
|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|
|Gwynedd (Gwynedd or North Wales Member)
⚫
''R. longispinis''
⚫
| Isolated vertebrae and other remains, now lost
|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|
| An indeterminate reptile
Gwynedd
|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|
⚫
Isolated vertebrae and other remains, now lost
|style="background:#E6E6E6;"|
A dubious reptile,<ref name="Olsen80comparison" /> likely a chimera consisting of ''Tanytrachelos'', ''Icarosaurus'', and fish fossils.<ref name="olsen flynn 1989"/><ref name="Pritchard15">{{Cite journal|last=Pritchard|first=Adam C.|last2=Turner|first2=Alan H.|last3=Nesbitt|first3=Sterling J.|last4=Irmis|first4=Randall B.|last5=Smith|first5=Nathan D.|date=2015-03-04|title=Late Triassic tanystropheids (Reptilia, Archosauromorpha) from northern New Mexico (Petrified Forest Member, Chinle Formation) and the biogeography, functional morphology, and evolution of Tanystropheidae|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24524166|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology|language=en|volume=35|issue=2: e911186|pages=1-20|doi=10.1080/02724634.2014.911186|issn=0272-4634|via=JSTOR}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Tanytrachelos]]''<ref name="olsen flynn 1989"/>
|''T. ahynis''
|Granton,<ref name="colbert olsen 2001" /> Weehawken Quarry and other Pallisades area outcrops.<ref name="Olsen80TJF">{{Cite book|last=Olsen|first=Paul E.|title=Field Studies in New Jersey Geology and Guide to Field Trips, 52nd Annual Meeting of the New York State Geological Association|publisher=Newark College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University|year=1980|isbn=|editor-last=Manspeizer|editor-first=Warren|location=Newark|pages=1-39|chapter=Triassic and Jurassic Formations of the Newark Basin|chapter-url=https://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~polsen/nbcp/olsen_formations_80_sm.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Olsen80greatlakes">{{Cite book|last=Olsen|first=Paul E.|title=Field Studies in New Jersey Geology and Guide to Field Trips, 52nd Annual Meeting of the New York State Geological Association|publisher=Newark College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University|year=1980|isbn=|editor-last=Manspeizer|editor-first=Warren|location=Newark|pages=352-398|chapter=Fossil great lakes of the Newark Supergroup in New Jersey|chapter-url=https://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~polsen/nbcp/olsen_gr_80_vsm.pdf}}</ref>
| A large number of partial skeletons<ref name="Olsen80greatlakes" /><ref name="FNC97">{{cite book|last=Olsen|first=Paul E.|title=In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs: Early Mesozoic Tetrapods|last2=Johansson|first2=Annika K.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1994|isbn=9780521458993|editors=Fraser, N.C. and Sues, H.-D.|location=Cambridge, New York, Melbourne|pages=408-430|chapter=Field Guide to Late Triassic tetrapod sites in Virginia and North Carolina}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Schein|first=Jason P.|last2=Parris|first2=David C.|last3=Pellegrini|first3=Rodrigo|date=2010|title=A complete and articulated ''Tanytrachelos ahynis'' (Reptilia: Protorosauroidea) from the Late Triassic Lockatong Formation of northern New Jersey, U.S.A.|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306309326_A_complete_and_articulated_Tanytrachelos_ahynis_Reptilia_Protorosauroidea_from_the_Late_Triassic_Lockatong_Formation_of_northern_New_Jersey_USA|journal=|language=en|volume=|pages=|via=}}</ref><ref name="Pritchard15" />
| A small and fairly common [[tanystropheid]].
|}
|}
===Ichnofossils===
===Ichnofossils===
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{{Geology of the Newark Basin}}
{{Geology of the Newark Basin}}


[[Category:Carnian Stage]]
[[Category:Norian Stage]]
[[Category:Mudstone formations]]
[[Category:Mudstone formations]]
[[Category:Sandstone formations of the United States]]
[[Category:Sandstone formations of the United States]]

Revision as of 14:56, 20 May 2020

Lockatong Formation
Stratigraphic range: Norian[1]
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofNewark Supergroup
Sub-unitsWalls Island Member (in part), Tumble Falls Member, Smith Corner Member, Prahls Island Member, Tohickon Member, Skunk Hollow Member, Byram Member, Ewing Creek Member, Nursery Member, Princeton Member, Scudders Falls Member, Wilburtha Member
UnderliesPassaic Formation
OverliesStockton Formation
Lithology
PrimaryMudstone
OtherSandstone, conglomerate
Location
RegionPennsylvania, New Jersey, New York
Country United States
Type section
Named forLockatong Creek

The Triassic Lockatong Formation is a mapped bedrock unit in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York. It is named after the Lockatong Creek in Hunterdon County, New Jersey.

Description

The Lockatong is defined as a light to dark gray, greenish-gray, and black very fine grained sandstone, silty argillite, and laminated mudstone. In New Jersey, the cyclic nature of the formation is noted with hornfels near diabase and basalt flows.[2]

Depositional environment

The Lockatong is often described as lake or litoral sediments. The interfingering nature of the sediments with the surrounding Stockton Formation and Passaic Formation suggests that these litoral environments shifted as climate or as the dynamic terrane of the area developed.[3] The deposition of calcitic sediments is indicative of a climate with high evaporation rates.[3]

Paleobiota

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Tetrapods

Tetrapods of the Lockatong Formation
Genus Species Provenance Material Notes

Gwyneddosaurus[4]

G. erici

Gwynedd

Gastric ejection

An dubious reptile,[5] likely a chimera consisting of coelacanth and Tanytrachelos fossils.[6][4] Has also been considered a synonym of Tanytrachelos.[7]

Hypuronector[8] H. limnaios Granton Quarry (Ewing Creek Member?), Weehawken Quarry (Nursery Member),[8] Edgewater Quarry[9] Several partial skeletons A drepanosaur, originally known as "the deep-tailed swimmer".[5]
Icarosaurus[10][11] I. siefkeri Granton Quarry (Ewing Creek Member?) A partial skeleton A kuehneosaurid.

Rhabdopelix[4]

R. longispinis

Gwynedd

Isolated vertebrae and other remains, now lost

A dubious reptile,[5] likely a chimera consisting of Tanytrachelos, Icarosaurus, and fish fossils.[4][12]

Tanytrachelos[4] T. ahynis Granton,[8] Weehawken Quarry and other Pallisades area outcrops.[13][9] A large number of partial skeletons[9][14][15][12] A small and fairly common tanystropheid.

Ichnofossils

Ichnofossils of the Lockatong Formation
Ichnogenus Ichnospecies Member
Anchisauripus[4] A. gwyneddensis

Gwyneddichnium[4]

G. majore

G. minore
G. elongatum
Kintneria[4] sp.
Platypterna[4] P. lockatong

Age

Relative age dating of the Lockatong places it in the Upper Triassic, being deposited between 237 and 207 (±5) million years ago. It rests unconformably below many different formations of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. It interfingers with both the Stockton Formation and Passaic Formation. There are numerous diabase intrusions and basalt into the Stockton with local contact metamorphic rocks.[16]

Economic uses

See also

References

  1. ^ Kent, Dennis V.; Olsen, Paul E.; Muttoni, Giovanni (2017-03-01). "Astrochronostratigraphic polarity time scale (APTS) for the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic from continental sediments and correlation with standard marine stages". Earth-Science Reviews. 166: 153–180. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.12.014. ISSN 0012-8252.
  2. ^ Orndorff, R.C., et al., (1998). Bedrock Geologic Map of Central and Southern New Jersey. United States Geological Survey, Scale 1:100,000.
  3. ^ a b Faill, R.T., (2004). The Birdsboro Basin. Pennsylvania Geology V. 34 n. 4.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Olsen, Paul E.; Flynn, John J. (1989). "Field guide to the vertebrate paleontology of Late Triassic age rocks in the southwestern Newark Basin (Newark Supergroup, New Jersey and Pennsylvania)". The Mosasaur. 4: 1–43.
  5. ^ a b c Olsen, Paul E. (1980). "A comparison of the vertebrate assemblages from the Newark and Hartford basins (Early Mesozoic, Newark Supergroup) of Eastern North America" (PDF). In Jacobs, L. L. (ed.). Aspects of Vertebrate History: Essays in Honor of Edwin Harris Colbert. Flagstaff: Museum of Northern Arizona Press. pp. 35–53.
  6. ^ Olsen, P. E.; Baird, D. (1986). "The ichnogenus Atreipus and its significance for Triassic biostratigraphy" (PDF). In Padian, K. (ed.). In The Beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs: Faunal Change across the Triassic-Jurassic Boundary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 61–87. ISBN 0-521-36779-4.
  7. ^ Smith, Amy C. (11 April 2011). "Description of Tanytrachelos ahynis and its implications for the phylogeny of Protorosauria". Virginia Tech Dissertation.
  8. ^ a b c Colbert, Edwin H.; Olsen, Paul E. (2001). "A new and unusual aquatic reptile from the Lockatong Formation of New Jersey (Late Triassic, Newark Supergroup)". American Museum Novitates (3334): 1–24.
  9. ^ a b c Olsen, Paul E. (1980). "Fossil great lakes of the Newark Supergroup in New Jersey" (PDF). In Manspeizer, Warren (ed.). Field Studies in New Jersey Geology and Guide to Field Trips, 52nd Annual Meeting of the New York State Geological Association. Newark: Newark College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University. pp. 352–398.
  10. ^ Colbert, Edwin H. (19 May 1966). "A gliding reptile from the Triassic of New Jersey" (pdf). American Museum Novitates. 2246 (3282): 1–23.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
  11. ^ Colbert, Edwin H. (1970). "The Triassic gliding reptile Icarosaurus" (pdf). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 143 (2): 1–142.
  12. ^ a b Pritchard, Adam C.; Turner, Alan H.; Nesbitt, Sterling J.; Irmis, Randall B.; Smith, Nathan D. (2015-03-04). "Late Triassic tanystropheids (Reptilia, Archosauromorpha) from northern New Mexico (Petrified Forest Member, Chinle Formation) and the biogeography, functional morphology, and evolution of Tanystropheidae". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 35 (2: e911186): 1–20. doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.911186. ISSN 0272-4634 – via JSTOR.
  13. ^ Olsen, Paul E. (1980). "Triassic and Jurassic Formations of the Newark Basin" (PDF). In Manspeizer, Warren (ed.). Field Studies in New Jersey Geology and Guide to Field Trips, 52nd Annual Meeting of the New York State Geological Association. Newark: Newark College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University. pp. 1–39.
  14. ^ Olsen, Paul E.; Johansson, Annika K. (1994). "Field Guide to Late Triassic tetrapod sites in Virginia and North Carolina". In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs: Early Mesozoic Tetrapods. Cambridge, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. pp. 408–430. ISBN 9780521458993. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (|editor= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ Schein, Jason P.; Parris, David C.; Pellegrini, Rodrigo (2010). "A complete and articulated Tanytrachelos ahynis (Reptilia: Protorosauroidea) from the Late Triassic Lockatong Formation of northern New Jersey, U.S.A." {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  16. ^ Berg, T.M., et al., (1983). Stratigraphic Correlation Chart of Pennsylvania: G75, Pennsylvania Geological Survey, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
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