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Myanmar Police Force

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Myanmar Police Force
မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ ရဲတပ်ဖွဲ့
Emblem
Flag

Coat of arms
Agency overview
Formed1964; 60 years ago (1964)
Superseding agency
TypeLaw enforcement
JurisdictionMyanmar
HeadquartersNaypyidaw
Employees93,000
Minister responsible
Agency executive
Parent agencyMinistry of Home Affairs
Child agencies
  • State and Division Police
  • Special Forces
  • Training Department
  • Reserve Units
  • Combat Police Battalions
  • Anti-Narcotics Task Force
WebsiteOfficial website

The Myanmar Police Force (Template:Lang-my) is the law enforcement agency of Myanmar. Officially known as the People's Police Force (ပြည်သူ့ရဲတပ်ဖွဲ့), it was established in 1964 as an independent department under the Ministry of Home Affairs. It was reorganised on 1 October 1995 and informally became part of the Tatmadaw (Armed Forces of Myanmar).

History

The Police Force in Myanmar have an extensive history; the police force also includes local police and regional police in different jurisdictions.

British rule in Myanmar

The Indian Imperial Police was the primary law enforcement in Burma until 1937, when it was split from British India.

In 1872 the third mayor of Mergui District, Sir Ashly Din (1870–1875) assigned the first police officer to be stationed at Maliwan, a village 24 miles north of current Victoria Point.

Perhaps the most famous policeman in Burma from this period is the author George Orwell, who in 1922 joined the Indian Imperial Police in Burma.

Post-independence (1948–present)

Myanmar police officers blocking protesters in Bahan Township, Yangon.

On 16 March 1988 following the killing of two students during the pro-democracy demonstrations, students marching on Prome Road were confronted near Inya Lake by the Lon Htein security force riot police and many beaten to death or drowned.

The national police are made up of several smaller entities, including

  • Myanmar Railways Police
  • Intelligence division

Organisation

The current Director General of Myanmar Police Force is Police Lieutenant General Aung Win Oo with its headquarters in Naypyidaw. Its command structure is based on established civil jurisdictions. Under the command of Police Headquarter, State and Region Police force have been established in respective territories of states and divisions with headquarters in their capital cities.[2]

State and Division Police Forces

There are 14 State and Divisional Police Forces and three additional State/Division Police Forces commanded by Police Brigadiers or Colonels. Their jurisdictions are divided according to the Civil Administration. The States and Divisions, Additional States have the same status.

Each State and Divisional Police Force consist of four components.

  • Office of the Commander of the State and Divisional Police Force
  • Office of the Commander of the District Police Force
  • Office of the Commander of the Township Police Force
  • Police Stations

In previous time, the District Police Forces are classified into two classes depending on the area, population and development, namely A and B Class. Commanders of the A Class District Police Forces are Police Lieutenant Colonels and B Classes are Police Majors but there is no classification and all districts assigned with Lieutenant Colonel. Commanders of Township Police Forces are Police Majors and Police Station Officers are Police Captains.

Special Departments

There are four Special Departments, in which the first ten Departments are headed by the Police Brigadier Generals and the remaining two are by Police Colonels.

  • Security Police Force
  • Border Guard Police Force
  • Special Intelligence Department (Special Branch)
  • Criminal Investigation Department (CID)
  • Railways Police Department
  • Anti-human Trafficking Police Force
  • Maritime Police force
  • Aviation Police Force
  • Drug Enforcement Division
  • Financial Investigation force
  • Myanmar Traffic Police
  • Tourist Security Police Force
  • Oil Field Security Police Force
  • Forestry Security Police Force
  • Highway Police Force
  • Municipal Police Department

Training Centres

There are three main Training Centers, one Central Training Institute of Myanmar Police Force and Three Police Training Depots. The State and Divisional Police Forces have their own training centres for refresher courses and Junior Leader (NCO) Courses.

Bachelor's degree holders from Distance Learning University were disqualified from sitting the SIP exam. Thus vast numbers of Bachelor holding police personal were concerned for their future.

Course Name Duration
Deputy Superintendent Cadet Course 50 weeks
Sub-Inspector Cadet Course 6 weeks
Surveillance Officer Course 6 weeks
Investigation Officer Course 6 weeks
Police Station Officer Course 8 weeks
Staff Officer Course 6 weeks
Township Police Commander Course 8 weeks
District Police Commander Course 12 weeks

No. 1 Police Training Depot

The No.1 Police Training Depot is commanded by a Police Lieutenant Colonel and undertakes:

Course Name Duration
Basic Training Course for Lance Corporal and Corporal 4 weeks
Warrant Officer and Police Sergeants Course 12 Weeks
Basic Training Course for Constables 24 weeks
Clerical Training 4 weeks
Instructor Renewal Course 4 weeks

No. 2 Police Training Depot

The No.2 Police Training Depot is also commanded by a Police Lieutenant Colonel, and undertakes only Basic Training Course for Constables, which normally takes around 6 months to complete.

Course Name Duration
Basic Training Course for Constables 6 Months

Taung Lay Lone Police Training Depot

The Taung Lay Lone Police Training Depot is commanded by a Police Lieutenant Colonel and undertakes:

Course Name Duration
Basic Training Course for lance corporal and Corporal 4 weeks
Warrant Officer and Police Sergeants Course 12 Weeks
Basic Training Course for Constables 6 Months

Combat Police Battalions (SWAT)

There are sixteen Police Battalions to carry out general security duties under the command of Battalion Control Command. The Battalion Commandants are Police Lieutenant Colonels. As the populace of the cities including Yangon and Mandalay have been increased day after day, problems on social, economy and politics are risen up that could lead to emergence of civil unrest and sabotage. It is necessary to prevent from destruction and harassment, VIP and project factories and workshops, security of diplomats and their embassies. Seven of these Police Battalions are situated in the Yangon Divisional areas and two in Mandalay and three in Arakan, one in Sagaing, one in Mon State, one in Pegu, one in Prome.

These specially-trained and combat capable battalions are formed with personnel from former Riot Security Police, better known as "Lon Htein" Units. Each battalion consists of 500+ personnel and these battalions are supported by two support battalions, which include signal and medical units. These battalions structure are similar to that of Army's Light Infantry Battalions and they are subordinate to their respective Regional Military Commands.[3]

  • 1st Combat Police Battalion (HQ at Hlawga)
  • 2nd Combat Police Battalion (HQ at Maungtaw)
  • 3rd Combat Police Battalion (HQ at Shwemyayar)
  • 4th Combat Police Battalion (HQ at Shwesaryan)
  • 5th Combat Police Battalion (HQ at Hmawbi)
  • 6th Combat Police Battalion (HQ at Shwepyitha)
  • 7th Combat Police Battalion (HQ at Kyauktan)
  • 8th Combat Police Battalion (HQ at Mingaladon)
  • 9th Combat Police Battalion (HQ at Hlaingthaya)
  • 10th Combat Police Battalion
  • 11th Combat Police Battalion
  • 12th Combat Police Battalion
  • 14th Combat Police Battalion (HQ at Pa Lake, Mandalay)
  • 15th Combat Police Battalion
  • 16th Combat Police Battalion

Anti-Narcotic Task Forces

26 special anti-narcotic task forces have been established under the direction of the Central Committee for Drug Abuse Control.

Weapons and equipment

Myanmar Police Force uses wide range of weapons and ammunitions, ranging from Second World War vintage to modern sophisticated weapons. Most of the weapons are either seized from ethnic wars and narco-insurgents or locally produced copies of the G3 and other weapons phased out of their army.

Pistols

Sub machine gun

Rifles

Machine gun

Sniper rifle

  • M40 rifle (seized from ethnic and narcotic insurgents)

Non-Lethal Weapons

Automobiles

Cars and Trucks

  • Range Rover donated by Foreign Organisations for Anti-drugs Enforcement,
  • Toyota Dyna paddy wagon (Private owned vehicles are commonly called as volunteers patrol cars),
  • Toyota pickup (confiscated item, used by Township Police Station, Yangon),
  • Jeep, Used by police station,
  • Toyota Celica, used as a police lead vehicle and as a high-speed police car to arrest sport cars,
  • Nissan Fairlady Z, used as a police lead vehicle and as a high-speed police car to arrest sport cars.

Armoured vehicles

Photo Model Type Quantity Origin Notes
Armoured vehicle/Armoured personnel carrier
ZFB-05 Armoured personnel carrier 10[4]  China Received by 2011, they were transferred to police from Myanmar Army.[4]

Coastal Patrol Craft

Class Builder Serial Number Year Entered Service Armament Note
PGM class  Myanmar 331
332
333
334		 2012 machine guns

River Patrol Boat

Class Builder Serial Number Year Entered Service Armament Note
PCE class  Myanmar,  China 171
151
152
153
154
156
001
002
003
161
162		 2013 machine guns

Rank structure and insignia

Commissioned officers

Rank group General / flag officers Senior officers Junior officers
Myanmar Police Force
ရဲဗိုလ်ချုပ်ကြီး
raaibauilaʻ khayupaʻ krīʺ 		ဒုတိယရဲဗိုလ်ချုပ်ကြီး
dautaiya raaibauilaʻ khayupaʻ krīʺ 		ရဲဗိုလ်ချုပ်
raaibauilaʻ khayupaʻ 		ရဲမှူးချုပ်
raaimahūʺ khayupaʻ 		ရဲမှူးကြီး
raaimahūʺ karī 		ဒုတိယရဲမှူးကြီး
dautaiya raaimahūʺ karī 		ရဲမှူး
raaimahūʺ 		ဒုတိယရဲမှူး
dautaiya raaimahūʺ 		ရဲအုပ်
raai ’aupaʻ 		ဒုတိယရဲအုပ်
dautaiya raai ’aupaʻ 		ဒုတိယရဲအုပ်လောင်း
dautaiya raai ’aupaʻ laoṅaʻʺ

Enlisted ranks

Rank group Senior NCOs Junior NCOs Enlisted
Myanmar Police Force
 No insignia No insignia
ရဲအရာခံဗိုလ်
Raai ’araā khaṃ bauilaʻ 		ရဲတပ်ကြပ်ကြီး
Raai tapaʻ karpaʻ krīʺ 		ရဲတပ်ကြပ်
Raai tapaʻ karpaʻ 		ဒုတိယရဲတပ်ကြပ်
Dautaiya tapaʻ karpaʻ 		ရဲတပ်သား
Raai tapaʻ saāʺ 		ရဲတပ်သားသစ်
Raai tapaʻ saāʺ sacaʻ

See also

References

  1. ^ "မြန်မာနိုင်ငံရဲတပ်ဖွဲ့ ရဲချုပ် ခန့်အပ်တာဝန်ပေးခြင်း". Retrieved 25 July 2013.
  2. ^ http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/ministry/home/mpf/[permanent dead link]
  3. ^ Selth, Power Without Glory
  4. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference trade was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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