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1822–23 United States Senate elections

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For related races, see 1822 United States elections.
1822 and 1823 United States Senate elections
← 1820 & 1821 Dates vary by state 1824 & 1825 →
16 of the 48 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections)
25 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Party Democratic-Republican Federalist
Last election 39 seats 4 seats
Seats before 44 4
Seats won 14 1
Seats after 44 3
Seat change Steady Decrease 1
Seats up 14 2
Majority Party before election


Democratic-Republican

Elected Majority Party


Democratic-Republican

The United States Senate elections of 1822 and 1823 were elections for the United States Senate that had the Democratic-Republican Party continue almost complete control of the Senate.

As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, senators were chosen by state legislatures.

Factions

At the very end of the next Congress, the 1824 United States presidential election led to a contingency election, decided by the Congress. In that election, Senators split into factions in support of William H. Crawford, Andrew Jackson, or John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay. Even though that election wasn't held until more than two years after the Senate elections in this article, those factions are noted below as "Crawford," "Jackson," or "Adams-Clay."

Results summary

Senate Party Division, 18th Congress (1823–1825)

  • Majority Party: Democratic-Republican (32–33)
  • Minority Parties: National Republican & Federalist (4–5)
  • Total seats: 48

Change in composition

Before the elections

Composition after the January 24, 1822 Delaware special election.

DR1
Del.
Gain 		DR2 DR3 DR4
DR14 DR13 DR12 DR11 DR10 DR9 DR8 DR7 DR6 DR5
DR15 DR16 DR17 DR18 DR19 DR20 DR21 DR22 DR23 DR24
Majority → DR25
DR34
Ky.
Ran 		DR33
Ill.
Ran 		DR32
Ga.
Ran 		DR31
Ala.
Ran 		DR30 DR29 DR28 DR27 DR26
DR35
La.
Ran 		DR36
Me.
Ran 		DR37
Miss.
Ran 		DR38
N.J.
Ran 		DR39
N.C.
Ran 		DR40
R.I.
Ran 		DR41
S.C.
Ran 		DR42
Tenn.
Ran 		DR43
Va.
Ran 		DR44
N.H.
Retired
F1 F2 F3
Mass.
Ran 		F4
Del.
Unknown

Result of the regular elections

DR1 DR2 DR3 DR4
DR14 DR13 DR12 DR11 DR10 DR9 DR8 DR7 DR6 DR5
DR15 DR16 DR17 DR18 DR19 DR20 DR21 DR22 DR23 DR24
Majority → DR25
DR34
Ky.
Re-elected 		DR33
Ill.
Re-elected 		DR32
Ga.
Re-elected 		DR31
Ala.
Re-elected 		DR30 DR29 DR28 DR27 DR26
DR35
La.
Re-elected 		DR36
Me.
Re-elected 		DR37
Miss.
Re-elected 		DR38
N.J.
Re-elected 		DR39
R.I.
Re-elected 		DR40
Va.
Re-elected 		DR41
N.H.
Hold 		DR42
N.C.
Hold 		DR43
S.C.
Hold 		DR44
Tenn.
Hold
F1 F2 F3
Mass.
Re-elected 		V1
Del.
F Loss
Key:
DR# Democratic-Republican
F# Federalist
V# Vacant

Race summaries

Bold states link to specific election articles.

Special elections during the preceding Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1822 or before March 4, 1823; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Delaware
(Class 1) 		Vacant Outerbridge Horsey (F) had resigned March 3, 1821.
New senator elected January 24, 1822.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Ohio
(Class 3) 		William A. Trimble Democratic-Republican 1819 Incumbent died December 13, 1821.
New senator elected January 29, 1822.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Massachusetts
(Class 2) 		Harrison Gray Otis Federalist 1816 Incumbent resigned May 30, 1822 to run for Mayor of Boston.
New senator elected June 5, 1822.
Successor was also elected to the next term, see below.
Federalist hold.
Alabama
(Class 3) 		John W. Walker Democratic-Republican 1819 Incumbent resigned December 12, 1822 due to failing health.
New senator elected December 12, 1822.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Maryland
(Class 1) 		William Pinkney Democratic-Republican 1819 (Special)
1821 		Incumbent died February 25, 1822.
New senator elected December 17, 1822.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Virginia
(Class 2) 		James Pleasants Democratic-Republican 1819 (Special) Incumbent resigned December 15, 1822 to become Governor of Virginia.
New senator elected December 18, 1822.
Successor was later re-elected to the next term, see below.
Democratic-Republican hold.

Races leading to the next Congress

In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1823; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral
history
Alabama William R. King Democratic-Republican 1819 Incumbent re-elected December 12, 1822.
Delaware Nicholas Van Dyke Federalist 1817 Legislature failed to elect.
Federalist loss.
Incumbent would later be re-elected late in 1824. 		[data missing]
Georgia Nicholas Ware Democratic-Republican 1821 (Special) Incumbent re-elected in 1822 or 1823.
Illinois Jesse B. Thomas Democratic-Republican 1818 Incumbent re-elected in 1823.
Kentucky Richard Mentor Johnson Democratic-Republican 1819 (Special) Incumbent re-elected in 1823.
Louisiana Henry Johnson Democratic-Republican 1818 (Special) Incumbent re-elected in 1823.
Maine John Chandler Democratic-Republican 1820 Incumbent re-elected in 1823.
Massachusetts James Lloyd Federalist 1808 (Special)
1808
1813 (Resigned)
1822 (Special) 		Incumbent re-elected as an Adams-Clay Federalist in 1822.
Winner was also elected to finish the current term, see above.
Mississippi Thomas Hill Williams Democratic-Republican 1817 Incumbent re-elected in 1823.
New Hampshire David L. Morril Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in 1823.
Democratic-Republican hold.
New Jersey Mahlon Dickerson Democratic-Republican 1817 Incumbent re-elected in 1823.
North Carolina Montfort Stokes Democratic-Republican 1816 (Special)
1816 		Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1822.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Rhode Island Nehemiah R. Knight Democratic-Republican 1821 (Special) Incumbent re-elected in 1823.
South Carolina William Smith Democratic-Republican 1810 (Special)
1816 		Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1822.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Tennessee John Williams Democratic-Republican 1815 (Special) Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected October 28, 1823.[4]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Virginia John Taylor of Caroline Democratic-Republican 1822 (Special) Incumbent re-elected in 1823.
Winner was also elected to finish the current term, see above.

Special elections during the next Congress

In these special elections, the winners were elected in 1823 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
New Jersey
(Class 1) 		Samuel L. Southard Democratic-Republican 1821 (Appointed)
1820 		Incumbent resigned March 4, 1823 to become U.S. Secretary of the Navy.
New senator elected November 12, 1823.
Democratic Republican hold.

Alabama

See also: List of United States senators from Alabama and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama

Alabama (Regular)

Alabama (Special)

Delaware

See also: List of United States senators from Delaware and 1822 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware

Delaware (Regular)

Delaware (Special)

Georgia

See also: List of United States senators from Georgia

Illinois

See also: List of United States senators from Illinois

Kentucky

See also: List of United States senators from Kentucky

Louisiana

See also: List of United States senators from Louisiana

Maine

See also: List of United States senators from Maine

Maryland (Special)

See also: List of United States senators from Maryland

Massachusetts

See also: List of United States senators from Massachusetts and 1822–1823 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts

Massachusetts (Regular)

Massachusetts (Special)

Mississippi

See also: List of United States senators from Mississippi

New Hampshire

See also: List of United States senators from New Hampshire

New Jersey

See also: List of United States senators from New Jersey and 1822 United States House of Representatives election in New Jersey

New Jersey (Regular)

New Jersey (Special)

North Carolina

See also: List of United States senators from North Carolina

Ohio (Special)

See also: List of United States senators from Ohio

Rhode Island

See also: List of United States senators from Rhode Island

South Carolina

See also: List of United States senators from South Carolina

Tennessee

See also: List of United States senators from Tennessee

Virginia

See also: List of United States senators from Virginia and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia

Virginia (Regular)

Virginia (Special)

See also

References

  1. ^ "Our Campaigns - AL US Senate Race - Dec 12, 1822". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 31, 2019., citing 1822 House Journal, Dec 12.
  2. ^ "Virginia 1822 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  3. ^ https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=3343
  4. ^ "Tennessee 1823 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
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