1305
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| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1305 by topic |
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| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1305 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1305 MCCCV |
| Ab urbe condita | 2058 |
| Armenian calendar | 754 ԹՎ ՉԾԴ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6055 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1226–1227 |
| Bengali calendar | 712 |
| Berber calendar | 2255 |
| English Regnal year | 33 Edw. 1 – 34 Edw. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1849 |
| Burmese calendar | 667 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6813–6814 |
| Chinese calendar | 甲辰年 (Wood Dragon) 4002 or 3795 — to — 乙巳年 (Wood Snake) 4003 or 3796 |
| Coptic calendar | 1021–1022 |
| Discordian calendar | 2471 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1297–1298 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5065–5066 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1361–1362 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1226–1227 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4405–4406 |
| Holocene calendar | 11305 |
| Igbo calendar | 305–306 |
| Iranian calendar | 683–684 |
| Islamic calendar | 704–705 |
| Japanese calendar | Kagen 3 (嘉元３年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1216–1217 |
| Julian calendar | 1305 MCCCV |
| Korean calendar | 3638 |
| Minguo calendar | 607 before ROC 民前607年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −163 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1847–1848 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳木龙年 (male Wood-Dragon) 1431 or 1050 or 278 — to — 阴木蛇年 (female Wood-Snake) 1432 or 1051 or 279 |
Year 1305 (MCCCV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
- April 30 – Co-Emperor Michael IX (Palaiologos) invites Roger de Flor, Italian nobleman and adventurer, to Adrianople and has him assassinated there. Along with de Flor, 300 horsemen and some 1,000 foot soldiers who accompanied him are killed. The plan is executed by Alan mercenaries, who at that time are enlisted in the Byzantine army. The murder of the commander of the Catalan Company does not have the expected results. Not only is the Company not disbanded, but its attacks on Byzantine territory becomes more severe. The period of destruction in Macedonia and Thrace after the murder of de Flor becomes known as the "Catalan Revenge".[1]
- July – Battle of Apros: Byzantine forces (some 6,000 men) under Michael IX (Palaiologos), consisting of a large contingent of Alans and Turcopoles (Christianized Turks), attack the Catalan Company near Apros. Michael orders a general cavalry charge, but the Turcopoles desert en block to the Catalans. During the battle, the Byzantines are defeated (with many losses from the crossbowmen) and Michael is injured but escapes the field.[2]
Europe
- June 21 – King Wenceslaus II dies, at the age of 33, probably of tuberculosis, after a 5-year reign in Prague. He is succeeded by his 14-year-old son, Wenceslaus III, who becomes ruler of Hungary, Bohemia, and Poland. He marries Viola Elizabeth (or of Teschen), daughter of Duke Mieszko I, and abandons his claim to Hungary in favour of Otto III of Bavaria on October 9. Meanwhile, Władysław I (the Elbow-High), claimant to the Polish throne, begins conquering Polish territories.[3][4]
- October – Albert I, king of Germany, forces the Bohemian nobles to elect his 23-year-old son, Rudolf of Habsburg, as the ruler of Bohemia on the death of Wenceslaus II.[5]
England
- August 5 – William Wallace, Scottish rebel leader and knight, is captured by English troops led by John de Menteith. He is transported to London and led, crowned mockingly with laurel, in procession to Westminster Hall. The judgement, like the trial (which last for almost three weeks), is a formality, and Wallace is condemned for treason and for atrocities against civilians in war. After the trial, he is dragged through the streets of Smithfield and executed on August 23. Wallace is hanged, drawn and quartered – strangled by hanging – but cut down while still alive, emasculated, disemboweled (with his bowels burned before him), beheaded, and then cut into four parts. Wallace's head is placed on a spike above the London Bridge, and his limbs are displayed separately, in Newcastle, Berwick, Stirling, and Perth.[6]
- September – King Edward II (Longshanks) issues ordinances for the government of Scotland. He issues the first commission of Trailbaston – which empowers him to appoint judicial commissions to punish crimes (such as homicide, theft, arson, and rape) and certain trespasses. Edward adds also conspiracy to the list of presentments.[7]
Asia
- December 20 – Battle of Amroha: Mongol forces (some 30,000 men) invade the Delhi Sultanate again in northern India. Sultan Alauddin Khalji dispatches a cavalry force led by Vizier Ghazi Malik, to repulse the Mongols. During the battle (somewhere in the Amroha district), the Delhi forces inflict a crushing defeat upon the invaders. Many Mongols are taken prisoner and incorporated into the Delhi army.[8]
By topic
Religion
- June 5 – Clement V, formerly archbishop of Bordeaux, succeeds Pope Benedict XI as the 195th pope of the Catholic Church (until 1314).
Births
- June 2 – Abu Sa'id Bahadur (or Abu Sa'id), Mongol ruler (d. 1335)
- August 18 – Ashikaga Takauji, Japanese general (shogun) (d. 1358)
- November 5 – Robert Clifford, English nobleman and knight (d. 1344)
- Agnes of Bohemia, Bohemian princess (House of Přemyslid) (d. 1337)
- Arnoul d'Audrehem, French nobleman, knight and marshal (d. 1370)
- Elizabeth of Poland, queen consort of Hungary and Croatia (d. 1380)
- Isabella of Aragon (or Elisabeth), German queen consort (d. 1330)
- Philippe de Cabassoles, French bishop and papal legate (d. 1372)
Deaths
- January 17 – Roger of Lauria, Italian nobleman and admiral (b. 1245)
- March 1 – Blanche of France, French princess and duchess (b. 1278)
- March 7 – Guy of Dampierre, French nobleman and knight (b. 1226)
- April 2 – Joan I of Navarre, French queen consort and regent (b. 1273)[9]
- April 10 – Joachim Piccolomini, Italian monk and altar server (b. 1258)
- April 30 – Roger de Flor, Italian nobleman and adventurer (b. 1267)
- May 17 – Hōjō Tokimura, Japanese nobleman (rensho) (b. 1242)
- June 21 – Wenceslaus II, king of Bohemia and Poland (b. 1271)
- August 23 – William Wallace, Scottish rebel leader and knight[10]
- August 26 – Walter of Winterburn, English cardinal and writer
- September 4 – Matteo Rosso Orsini, Italian cardinal (b. 1230)
- September 10 – Nicholas of Tolentino, Italian friar and mystic
- October 4
- Dietrich VII, German nobleman and knight (b. 1256)
- Kameyama, Japanese emperor and priest (b. 1249)
- October 9 – Robert de Pontigny, French abbot and cardinal
- November 11 – Otto I, German nobleman and knight (b. 1262)
- November 18 – John II, French nobleman and knight (b. 1239)
- November 24 – Mahalakadeva (or Mahlak Deva), Indian ruler
- Guillaume de Villaret, French knight and Grand Master (b. 1235)
- John I, Piedmontese nobleman (House of Aleramici) (b. 1275)
- John II van Sierck (or Zyrick), Dutch archdeacon and bishop
- Qian Xuan (or Shun Ju), Chinese official and painter (b. 1235)
References
- ^ Burns, R. Ignatius (1954). "The Catalan Company and the European Powers, 1305–1311", p. 752. Speculum, Vol. 29 (4). University of Chicago Press.
- ^ Bartusis, Mark C. (1997). The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society 1204–1453, pp. 79–82. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1620-2.
- ^ Engel, Pál (2001). The Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526, p. 129. Tauris Publishers. ISBN 1-86064-061-3.
- ^ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 154. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- ^ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 154. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- ^ Armstrong, Pete (2003). Osprey: Stirling Bridge & Falkirk 1297–98, p. 88. ISBN 1-84176-510-4.
- ^ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 154. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- ^ Banarsi Prasad Saksena (1970). "The Khalijs: Alauddin Khalij". A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206–1526, p. 393. Vol. 5 (Second ed.). The Indian History Congress/People's Publishing House. OCLC 31870180.
- ^ "Joan I | Facts & Biography". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
- ^ "On this day 1305: William Wallace hanged, drawn and quartered". Scotsman. Retrieved July 22, 2018.