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Professional Footballers' Association

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This article is about the English and Welsh football trade union. For the Australian football trade union, see Professional Footballers Australia.

PFA
Professional Footballers' Association
Founded1907
Headquarters20 Oxford Court, Bishopsgate, Manchester
Location
  • England and Wales, United Kingdom
Members
Increase 5,457 (2022)[1]
Key people
AffiliationsTUC, GFTU, FEU, FIFPro
Websitethepfa.com

The Professional Footballers' Association (PFA) is the trade union for professional association footballers in England and Wales.

Founded in 1907, the PFA is the world's oldest professional sport trade union.[2] The union has a membership of approximately 5,000 current professional players each season, made up of professionals and professional scholars from the Premier League, EFL and Women’s Super League.[3]

Nearly 50,000 former members retain access to services and benefits including education grants, coaching courses and wellbeing support. [4]

The current CEO of the PFA is Maheta Molango, who took over the position from longstanding Chief Executive Gordon Taylor in 2021.[5] The current Chair of the elected Players' Board, which represents members and communicates their views to the union's leadership team, is Leyton Orient defender Omar Beckles.[6]

The leadership team of the PFA, which has offices in London and Manchester, is also supported by an Operational Board of non-executive directors who are responsible for advising on and scrutinising the governance of the union.[7]

History

The Players' Union

"Outcasts FC" photograph taken before the 1909–10 season.

The PFA was formed on 2 December 1907 as the Association Football Players' and Trainers' Union (AFPTU; commonly referred to at the time as the Players' Union). On that date, Charlie Roberts and Billy Meredith (who had been involved in the AFU), both of Manchester United, convened the Players' Union at Manchester's Imperial Hotel.[8]

This was the second attempt to organise a union of professional footballers in England, after the Association Footballers' Union (the "AFU"), formed in 1898, had been dissolved in 1901. The AFU had failed in its objectives of bringing about a relaxation of the restrictions on the movement of players from one club to another in the Football League and preventing the introduction of a maximum wage of £4 per week for players in the Football League.

Like the AFU before it, the Players' Union intended to challenge the maximum wage and the restriction on transfers, in the form of the "retain and transfer" system.

Threatened strike action in 1909

When the Players' Union made its objectives clear in 1909, the Football Association withdrew its recognition of the Union, which at that time was seeking to join the U.K.'s General Federation of Trade Unions ('GFTU').

In response, the Union threatened strike action. The Football Association in turn banned players affiliated with the AFPTU before the start of the 1909–10 season. The ban saw membership of the Union fall. However, players from Manchester United refused to relinquish their membership. League clubs turned to amateur players to replace players that had been banned, but Manchester United were not able to find enough replacements, risking the cancellation of their opening fixture at home to Bradford City. The Manchester United players were called "Outcasts FC".[9][10]

The deadlock swung in favour of the Union when Tim Coleman of Everton came out in support of the Union. Coleman's intervention resuscitated support for the Union, which regained its strength of numbers. Agreement was reached on official recognition for the Union in exchange for allowing bonus payments to be made to players to supplement the maximum wage. The maximum wage remained for more than another half century.[11]

Continuing battles with the Football League

The 1910s saw the Union backing a challenge by Herbert Kingaby against the retain and transfer system in the courts. Kingaby brought legal proceedings against his former employers, Aston Villa, for preventing him from playing. The Players' Union funded the proceedings. Erroneous strategy by Kingaby's counsel resulted in the suit ending disastrously for the Union.[12] The Union were almost ruined financially and membership fell drastically.

Although membership increased from 300 in 1915 to well over 1000 by 1920 this did not herald a new era of radicalism among the rank-and-file. Widespread unemployment heralded declines in attendance at Football League matches at a time when many clubs had, once again, committed themselves to expensive ground improvement programmes in the expectation that the post-war spectator boom would continue indefinitely. Inevitably, this caused financial difficulties at many clubs. Clubs believed their problems were due to players' excessive wages rather than over-expansion. In the spring of 1922, they persuaded the League authorities to arbitrarily impose a £1 cut to the maximum wage (£9 a week at that time) and force clubs to reduce the wages of players who were on less than the maximum. Legal proceedings backed by the Players' Union this time established that clubs could not unilaterally impose a cut in players' contracted wages.[12]

Between 1946 and 1957 the Chairman of the Union was former Portsmouth captain Jimmy Guthrie. His book Soccer Rebel, published in 1976, documents his chairmanship and the struggle of the Union to improve the lot of professional footballers in the years preceding the abolition of the maximum wage.

In 1955, the union affiliated to the Trades Union Congress (TUC).[13]

Modernisation

In 1956, Jimmy Hill became secretary of the Players' Union. He soon changed the union's name to the Professional Footballers' Association (the "PFA"), changing a blue collar image to one in keeping with the new wave of working-class actors and entertainers.[14]

In 1957, Jimmy Hill became chairman of the PFA and campaigned to have the Football League's £20 maximum wage scrapped, which he achieved in January 1961.[15] His Fulham teammate Johnny Haynes became the first £100 player.

The PFA also backed George Eastham in his legal action against the retain and transfer system, providing him with £15,000 to pay for his legal fees. The case was brought against his former club, Newcastle United, in the High Court. In 1963, The Court held that the retain and transfer system was an unreasonable restraint of trade.[16]

From 1960, the union began representing trainers, and for a time was known as the "Professional Footballers' and Trainers' Association".[13]

The union decided to register under the Industrial Relations Act 1971, something the TUC opposed. As a result, it left the TUC in 1973, finally rejoining in 1995.[13]

Sexism controversy

In 1997 some Sheffield United players invited their agent, Rachel Anderson, to the annual awards dinner.[17] Anderson was turned away by then PFA Deputy Chief Executive Brendon Batson because she is a woman.[18]

The following year, when West Ham United F.C. player Julian Dicks invited Anderson to attend the dinner,[18] Anderson contacted the PFA to find out what their reaction would be.[17] On receiving a response that she would indeed be banned Anderson decided to go public and take the PFA to court.[18] As a result, the Minister for Sport, Tony Banks, and the Chief Executive of The Football Association, Graham Kelly boycotted the event.[19]

Anderson won in court and the financial cost to the PFA was considerable, Anderson suggests "over £200,000",[17] of which she received £7,500 for "hurt feelings" and an undisclosed amount for "reasonable costs".[18]

In 2013 the PFA instituted awards for the PFA Women's Players' Player of the Year. Kim Little was the recipient in the first year.[20]

Dispute with Ben Purkiss

In November 2018 it became public that Ben Purkiss' eligibility to be Chairman was in dispute.[21] More than 200 players wrote an open letter calling on chief executive Gordon Taylor to stand down.[22] Taylor wrote an open letter in response[23] promising a full and open review of the union's structure and operation. At its 2018 AGM, held in Manchester in March 2019, it was agreed that Taylor, Purkiss and the entire management committee would stand down following the completion of a "full and open review" into the PFA's finances and its presentation at the 2019 AGM,[24]

Following internal and external criticism, the PFA committed to reform and modernise, adopting new governance rules in 2020 and a new chief executive in 2021, but later that year sparked protest when it decided not to publish an independent review.[25]

PFA Awards

In 1974, the PFA created three awards to be given to players – or people who have contributed a lot to the game – every year.[citation needed]

  • Players' Player of the Year award: Given to the player voted the best of the season by his fellow players.
  • Young Player of the Year award: Given to the young player voted the best of the season by the PFA.
  • Merit Award: Given to the person who has contributed the most to football over the season, as voted for by the PFA.

In 1974 they introduced the first team based award:

  • Team of the Year award: Given to eleven players in each league (forty-four players in total) who are deemed the best of the season by the PFA.

In 2001, they created another award:[citation needed]

In 2013 and 2014 respectively, the PFA instituted the first female awards:

At this time the PFA Player of the Year award was renamed Men's PFA Player of the Year[27] and the PFA Young Player of the Year was renamed Men's PFA Young Player of the Year.[28]

In 2020, the PFA added another award for the women:

Present day objectives

In association with other football bodies, the PFA are the managing agents for the "Football Scholarship Programme" and the "Football in the Community Programme".

It is a member of the Institute of Professional Sport and FIFPro – the confederation of international football players' unions – as well as the Trades Union Congress (TUC). At the 2023 TUC Congress, the PFA moved a motion calling on trade unions to support its campaign to ensure female professionals have the same conditions and contract protections as players in the men's game. The motion was passed by Congress.[30]

The PFA also fund various education programmes for ex and current players. The oldest is a link with the University of Salford which has been running since 1991 and which by 2007 had seen over 70 players complete degrees in Physiotherapy. Additionally players complete Sports Science degrees from Manchester Metropolitan University and Professional Sports Writing and Broadcasting degrees at Staffordshire University,[31][32] in addition to other programmes including fitness training, training to become driving instructors and various other initiatives.

From 2001/02 season, the PFA worked closely with the Press Association as part of the Football Live project, to manage a team of up to 80 ex-professional footballers to provide statistical information live from all English Football Matches. This agreement switched to OPTA when they successfully took over the supply of data from 2012/13 season.

The PFA also funds a residential rehabilitation scheme that allows any injured member to attend the Lilleshall Sports Injury Rehabilitation centre for physiotherapy and sports injury treatment free of charge to the player or club. The scheme is designed to complement the medical care available at the players own club. Many club Physios refer their players to Lilleshall with the intention of providing a change of environment. This helps to maintain the motivation & interest of long term injured players. The free sports injury and physiotherapy services are based at the Lilleshall Hall National Sports Centre in Shropshire.[33][34]

Centenary

2007 brought along the 100th year since the foundation of The Players Union, and to commemorate the centenary year, the PFA launched their "One Goal One Million" campaign. The campaign involved a whole year of celebratory fund-raising activities with the aim of raising £1 million to fully fund a new children's rehabilitation and physiotherapy unit at the University Children’s Hospital, Manchester. Throughout the year the PFA ran a number of high-profile events involving current and former players and managers with the sole purpose of reaching the £1 million target.[35] Events included a pro-celebrity golf event, race days and initiatives involving younger supporters. On the day that the PFA was formed in 1907 – 2 December – there was a match between an England Legends XI – captained by Alan Shearer and managed by Terry Venables – and a World Legends XI – captained by Gianfranco Zola and managed by Jürgen Klinsmann – culminating in a gala dinner in the evening involving a host of top entertainers.

In December of the centenary year, the PFA issued Fans' Favourites; a list of the favourite players at each Football League club. In making the selection, the PFA canvassed the opinions of the supporters of present, and some former, League clubs about their favourite player.[36]

Key personnel

Players' Board[37]

Chairs

1907: Harry Mainman[38]
1910: Evelyn Lintott[38]
1911: Colin Veitch[38]
1919: Charlie Roberts[38]
1921: Jimmy Lawrence[38]
1922: Jimmy Fay[38]
1929: Howard Matthews[38]
1930: Arthur Wood[38]
1931: David Robbie[38]
1936: Albert Barrett[38]
1937: Sammy Crooks[38]
1946: Jimmy Guthrie[38]
1956: Jimmy Hill[38]
1961: Tommy Cummings[38]
1963: Malcolm Musgrove[38]
1966: Noel Cantwell[38]
1967: Terry Neill[38]
1970: Derek Dougan[38]
1978: Gordon Taylor[38]
1980: Alan Gowling[38]
1982: Steve Coppell[38]
1984: Brian Talbot
1988: Garth Crooks
1990: Brian Marwood
1993: Pat Nevin
1997: Barry Horne
2001: Nick Cusack[39]
2002: Richard Jobson
2003: Dean Holdsworth
2005: Chris Powell
2010: Clarke Carlisle
2013: Ritchie Humphreys
2017: Ben Purkiss
2021: John Mousinho
2023: Omar Beckles

Chief Executives

This position was originally named "secretary".

1907: Herbert Broomfield[38]
1910: Albert Owen[38]
1913: Harry Newbould[38]
1929: Jimmy Fay[38]
1953: Cliff Lloyd[38]
1981: Gordon Taylor[38]
2021: Maheta Molango[38]

See also

References

  1. ^ "The Professional Footballers' Association Form AR21 for year ended 30 June 2022" (PDF). GOV.UK. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  2. ^ "The PFA". League Football Education (LFE). Archived from the original on 4 September 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  3. ^ "PFA: About Us". Archived from the original on 5 September 2023. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
  4. ^ ""I Think Some People Underestimate The Power Of The Players Voice."". Archived from the original on 4 September 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  5. ^ MacInnes, Paul (16 March 2021). "PFA appoints Maheta Molango to replace Gordon Taylor as leader". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 4 September 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  6. ^ "New PFA chairman Omar Beckles determined to be 'voice for the voiceless'". The Independent. 22 March 2023. Archived from the original on 4 September 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  7. ^ "Operational Board". Archived from the original on 4 September 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  8. ^ Harding, John. Football Wizard, The Story of Billy Meredith. Empire Publications (2014) https://www.empire-uk.com/ Archived 28 September 2023 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ McMillan, Ian (20 October 2009). "A forgotten part of Manchester United's history". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  10. ^ Harding, John. Football Wizard, The Story of Billy Meredith. Empire Publications (2014) https://www.empire-uk.com/ Archived 28 September 2023 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ How players won football's 100 years war Archived 30 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Independent.co.uk
  12. ^ a b "Web JCLI Index". webjcli.ncl.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 1 March 2010. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  13. ^ a b c Arthur Marsh and John B. Smethurst, Historical Directory of Trade Unions, vol.5, p.326
  14. ^ "From Meredith to Powell: 100 years of PFA chairmen". Professional Footballers' Association. Archived from the original on 29 May 2010. Retrieved 5 June 2010.
  15. ^ Harding, John (2009). Behind The Glory 100 Years of the PFA. DB. pp. 141–145. ISBN 978-1-85983-682-8.
  16. ^ Harding, John (2009). Behind The Glory 100 Years of the PFA. DB. pp. 141–145. ISBN 978-1-85983-682-8.
  17. ^ a b c "Anderson backs women in sport". skysports.com. Archived from the original on 23 March 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  18. ^ a b c d Kessel, Anna (27 April 2013). "Agent of change Rachel Anderson gains entry to a man's world – the PFA". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 March 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  19. ^ "Football: Banks and Kelly boycott men-only date". independent.co.uk. 1 April 1998. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  20. ^ a b PFA, The. "PFA Player of the Year Past Winners". www.thepfa.com. Archived from the original on 14 September 2013. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  21. ^ "Ben Purkiss: PFA disappointed 'dispute' has become public knowledge". 16 November 2018. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
  22. ^ Conn, David (18 November 2018). "More than 200 footballers endorse call for Gordon Taylor to step down at PFA". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
  23. ^ Bartlett, Evan (21 November 2018). "Gordon Taylor's open letter to PFA members – in full". inews.co.uk. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
  24. ^ "Gordon Taylor: PFA chief executive to step down after 38 years". 27 March 2019. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
  25. ^ Burt, Jason (21 December 2021). "Gary Lineker and Kevin Keegan among 190 footballers demanding PFA publish report of independent review". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 22 December 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
  26. ^ http://www.thepfa.com/thepfa/pfaawards/martha-harris-wypoty Archived 28 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine,
  27. ^ "Men's PFA Player's Player of the Year: Luis Suarez - PFA Awards - PFA - the PFA". Archived from the original on 3 May 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  28. ^ "Men's PFA Young Player of the Year: Eden Hazard - PFA Awards - PFA - the PFA". Archived from the original on 3 May 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  29. ^ Frith, Wilf (24 August 2020). "Miedema wins PFA Bristol Street Motors Fans' Player of the Year Award". Archived from the original on 22 October 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  30. ^ "PFA demands equal rights for England's women". ESPN.com. 12 September 2023. Archived from the original on 13 September 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
  31. ^ Hats off to our super students Archived 11 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  32. ^ "www.educationalsportsforum.co.uk" (PDF). www.educationalsportsforum.co.uk. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  33. ^ "Lilleshall Sports Injury Rehab Limited - Rehab Program Provider". lilleshall.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  34. ^ "Please login - Turn2us". www.turn2us.org.uk. Archived from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  35. ^ The Professional Footballers' Association – Introduction Archived 17 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  36. ^ Smith, Martin (19 December 2007). "Best footballers: Shearer a hero on two fronts". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 20 December 2007. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
  37. ^ "Players' Board". Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
  38. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Redhead, Steve (1984). The legalisation of the professional footballer (PDF). Warwick: University of Warwick. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 24 March 2021.
  39. ^ "Cusack in the PFA chair". BBC Sport. 7 November 2001. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 13 February 2017.

Further reading

  • Jimmy Guthrie (1976). Soccer Rebel: The Evolution of the Professional Footballer. Pentagon Books. ISBN 0-904288-08-0.
  • John Harding (2014) Behind The Glory The Official History of the Professional Footballers Association DB Publishing ISBN 978-1780913865
  • Jimmy Hill (1961) Striking for Soccer Peter Davies, London & Sportsmans Book Club, London 1963
  • John Harding, Football Wizard, The Story of Billy Meredith. Empire Publications (2014) https://www.empire-uk.com/
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