Macaque
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| (Macaca fascicularis) Mother and child in the Ubud Monkey Forest Sanctuary (Bali, Indonesia) | |
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| Genus: | Macaca Lacepede, 1799
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| Simia inuus Linnaeus, 1758 = Simia sylvanus Linnaeus, 1758
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See text. | |
The macaques (IPA: /məˈkak/) constitute a genus (Macaca, IPA: /məˈkakə/) of Old World monkeys of the subfamily Cercopithecinae.
Aside from humans (genus Homo), the macaques are the most widespread primate genus, ranging from northern Africa to Japan. Twenty-two macaque species are currently recognised, and they include some of the monkeys best known to non-zoologists, such as the Rhesus Macaque (as the Rhesus Monkey), Macaca mulatta, and the Barbary Macaque (as the Barbary Ape), M. sylvanus, a colony of which lives on the Rock of Gibraltar. Although several species lack tails, and their common names therefore refer to them as apes, these are true monkeys, with no greater relationship to the true apes than any other Old World monkeys.
Several species of macaque are used extensively in animal testing.
In the late 1990s it was discovered that nearly all (circa 90%) pet or captive macaques are carriers of the herpes-B virus. This virus is harmless to macaques, but infections of humans, while rare, are potentially fatal. A 2005 University of Toronto study showed that urban performing macaques also carried simian foamy virus, suggesting they could be involved in the species-to-species jump of similar retroviruses to humans.[1]
Species list
Genus Macaca
- M. sylvanus group
- Barbary Macaque, Macaca sylvanus
- M. nemestrina group
- Lion-tailed Macaque, Macaca silenus
- Southern Pig-tailed Macaque or Beruk, Macaca nemestrina
- Northern Pig-tailed Macaque, Macaca leonina
- Pagai Island Macaque or Bokkoi, Macaca pagensis
- Siberut Macaque, Macaca siberu
- Moor Macaque, Macaca maura
- Booted Macaque, Macaca ochreata
- Tonkean Macaque, Macaca tonkeana
- Heck's Macaque, Macaca hecki
- Gorontalo Macaque, Macaca nigriscens
- Celebes Crested Macaque or Black "Ape", Macaca nigra
- M. fascicularis group
- Crab-eating Macaque or Long-tailed Macaque or Kera, Macaca fascicularis
- Stump-tailed Macaque or Bear Macaque, Macaca arctoides
- M. mulatta group
- Rhesus Macaque, Macaca mulatta
- Formosan Rock Macaque, Macaca cyclopis
- Japanese Macaque, Macaca fuscata
- M. sinica group
- Toque Macaque, Macaca sinica
- Bonnet Macaque, Macaca radiata
- Assam Macaque, Macaca assamensis
- Tibetan Macaque or Milne-Edwards' Macaque, Macaca thibetana
- Arunachal Macaque or Munzala, Macaca munzala
See also
- Britches (monkey) - an infant macaque used in sight-deprivation experiments who was removed from the laboratory by the Animal Liberation Front.
- Nafovanny — the largest captive-breeding non-human primate facility in the world, housing 30,000 long-tailed macaques.
- Natasha (monkey) — a macaque who began walking on her hind legs after a stroke.
References
- Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 161–165. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
External links
- CDC papers on Herpes B in macaques
- Macaque Monkey Brain Atlas
- British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection film about macaques in laboratories, featuring primatologists Dr. Jane Goodall and Dr. Steven Brend
- Primate Info Net Macaca Factsheets
- Endangared Species International: information and projects on endangered species including macaques