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July 2

Another coincidence?

Has the German elevator company Knizia-Strelow anything to do with the German board game designer Reiner Knizia? --84.61.154.154 (talk) 21:23, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

I can find no obvious evidence of a connection. The Knizia-Strelow website simply says the company was founded by Mr Knizia and Mr Strelow in 1974 with no further biographical details. Various online interviews and biographies of Reiner Knizia don't mention a brother or father (or uncle) involved in an engineering company. A Google search revealed just 2 hits, both search/listing type of sites providing links to other sites. You might have better luck contacting them directly. It is worth pointing out that while Knizia is not that common as a name, these are not the only two people with that name. Astronaut (talk) 02:45, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

Science? Humanities? Misc.

What is the evelutionary explanation for human hair? why does it continue to grow? How do beards fit into this? Thax —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.3.145.145 (talk) 00:11, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

The explanation is that all mammals have hair, including humans. Why humans have thicker hair on top of their heads is still something of a debate, but it probably has something to do with minimizing both heat loss and overheating of the brain. Facial hair in men is most likely a secondary sex characteristic (i.e. something to advertise one's masculinity). Matt Deres (talk) 00:47, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

The thickness of hair on the top of the head isn't particular unusual. What is unusual, as the OP mentions, is its length. Almost all other mammals (absolutely all?) have hair which is limited in its length, like that on parts of the human body other than the head, but hair on human heads can grow to an unlimited length. Our article suggests this is probably due to sexual selection as well. --Tango (talk) 03:23, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

What's also pretty unusual is the difference in length between the hair on the top of our heads and the hair elsewhere on our bodies. Different mammals have different lengths of hair (including some nearly hairless ones), but it is generally a more-or-less uniform covering; there aren't any other mammals that I can think of that have very sparse hair over most of their body, but a big floppy mop on the top. Incidentally, human hair does not truly grow to an indefinite length, it will tend to fall out (and thus maintain its average length) at around waist length. Here's the Straight Dope on the matter: [1]. As for why humans are this way, I don't know, although Mr. Dere's explanation is at least plausible (that it minimizes heat loss where it's really important). Buddy431 (talk) 04:35, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

A lion's mane is a different length to the rest of their hair. --Tango (talk) 14:15, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

As is a horse's mane. --Tango (talk) 14:16, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

Long_hair#Science --203.22.236.14 (talk) 08:03, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

There is an interesting theory of human evolution called the Aquatic ape hypothesis, which supposes that we spent part of our development up to our necks in water. This explains some radical differences between us and other apes, including our strange hair distribution. Apparently the direction of our body hair follows the flow line of water when we are swimming. Not everyone agrees with it[2] however. Alansplodge (talk) 17:11, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

That is, nearly all scientists do not agree with it. See Aquatic ape hypothesis#Reception. Buddy431 (talk) 03:27, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

One explanation I've heard for male facial hair is that it masks facial expressions so as to conceal lying and other emotional leaks, although that theory has some inherent tension with the fact that facial expressions evolved at all. Shadowjams (talk) 06:53, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

Wild West Saloon doors.

OK - so we've all seen the movies of cowboys and the saloons they visit. The entrance to the saloon always (at least in the movies) have those ornate little swing doors (our Western saloon article calls them "Bat wing doors") - they are about a foot off the ground and a few feet tall - so you can't lock them to keep people out (it would be easy to wiggle underneath them or climb over the top, they certainly don't shut out noise, dust, heat, rain, etc.

Did bat wing doors really exist - or are they just another odd Hollywood invention? If they really existed - then what was their purpose?

SteveBaker (talk) 02:01, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

They most certainly do. And they were a standard fixture in office buildings, especially police stations in India during the Raj  Jon Ascton  (talk) 07:59, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

Just some interesting reading here until someone can cite. hydnjo (talk) 02:22, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

no citations, sorry, but I will point out that a lot of 'Old West' conventions derive from French sources (France was considered a kind on cultural Mecca in the 19th century). Saloon is a corruption of salon, in the sense of a gathering place, and many of the accouterments of a saloon (pianos and musical entertainments, feather boas and can-can girls, and - so I suspect - those half-height swinging doors) were likely copied straight from cafes and salons on the streets of Paris (or reports thereof).

also - obviously - they would have had a solid door that swung shut over the decorative swinging doors when the saloon closed. That would have been tied open during business hours. --Ludwigs2 03:49, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

My researches to date suggest that they mostly didn't close...but I agree that they probably had a way to have a solid door they could shut and lock as needed. SteveBaker (talk) 04:02, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

Okay, why would Parisian cafes and salons be likely to have that sort of door? And did they? --Anonymous, 04:20 UTC, July 2, 2010.

The logic behind double-hinged swinging doors is their lack of a catch, latch or doorknob, i.e. they can be pushed open without the use of hands, and they close themselves when not in use. --Aryaman (talk) 07:24, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

...so enabling people to carry drinks, trays, etc. through them using both hands, presumably. Ghmyrtle (talk) 13:17, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

They also have a certain social utility to them, allowing people outside to get a sense for what's going on inside while still affording the people inside a perception of privacy. --Ludwigs2 15:27, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

I remember reading an answer to this question in an Imponderables book, apparently "When Do Fish Sleep?", but I have no recollection what it was, except that I think there was something about having an ordinary, lockable door in addition to the swinging doors. Paul (Stansifer) 18:29, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

This is only a forum post, but note the old photos at the bottom of the page. They clearly show that those style of saloon doors did exist in the Old West. The second photo could be modern staged shot, but I assume the one above is a photo from the period. Matt Deres (talk) 01:39, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

Midgets (again)

When I asked this question previously, it was deleted as a troll question (see the Talk page discussion). I realize that it was initially asked by a banned user, and so deleted, in line with policy. However, I find the question interesting, and would like an answer to it, if anyone knows anything. As a user in good standing (I think), I asked, and am again asking, this question in good faith, and believe that it is appropriate. If you do decide to delete it again, please drop a note on my talk page explaining yourself, rather than just yanking it without explanation. Without further ado then...

Midget's (short people, i.e. people with Dwarfism) are sometimes seen as "freaks" and are pre-judged because of their height. The Dwarfism#Society and culture section is woefully short on how different societies have viewed dwarfs, both in the past, and in the present day. Have their ever been any laws discriminating against people with dwarfism? I assume that in the West such laws would have been repealed by now, but I could see some African countries that might attach a pretty big legal or cultural stigma on being of a grossly different height. Is there any place where I could get away with killing a dwarf because they're "unnatural" or something like that (either legally, or else just culturally acceptable). Buddy431 (talk) 04:25, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

Sparta#Birth_and_death leads me to believe that were you a Spartan, you would be allowed to "legally" dispose of a dwarf or otherwise abnormally short individual. The question, to which I do not know the answer, is how obviously these sorts of anomalies present on a newborn. Would an infant judged to be "fit" and later revealed to be a dwarf be executed as a small child? I can't recall ever seeing mention of this issue. 218.25.32.210 (talk) 04:33, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

Our article doesn't specify it specifically, but I'm fairly sure that dwarfism was one of the criteria for euthanasia as part of the Nazi T-4 Euthanasia Program. --Mr.98 (talk) 13:04, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

(edit conflict)Dwarfism is more than simply short height. There are a variety of physical deformaties that most people with the condition described as "dwarfism" share, and shortness is only one of them. Danny DeVito is very short (under 5 feet tall) but would never be described as having Dwarfism. Peter Dinklage is not markedly shorter than Danny DeVito (maybe a few inches), but is described has having a form of dwarfism. Not to take the discussion off topic, but its important to get the terms correct. --Jayron32 04:40, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

Uh... is the OP admitting to sockpuppetry? [3] ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 14:38, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

No. He and the purported troll asked similar questions at the same time. So, he may be trolling, but not sockpuppeting. :-) I'm jesting, of course, Buddy431 is a regular in good standing. Matt Deres (talk) 15:08, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

Specifically, I found the banned user's question interesting, and would like an answer to it. I realize that it's common practice to delete questions by banned user's regardless of merit. I felt that this question had merit, so I asked it again (as a not-banned user), so that I can get serious responses. Buddy431 (talk) 16:42, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

The problem with this question is that it singles out dwarfism as special. there have been cultures in the world that disposed of children for having any deformity. Sparta was unique in having an cultural standard about it - in most cultures it was/is something handled surreptitiously at a community level. there are cultures in the world that will dispose of children for having the wrong gender for heaven's sake, and that's not normally considered a deformity. remember, crappy questions get crappy answers. --Ludwigs2 15:34, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

Contribute Article

Hello Expert,

I am Maninder Singh Arora, a Computer Engineering graduate, workinf as Software Engg. for 3 years as of now, hail from Delhi India. I have been places to Mumbai, Delhi, chandigarh, Pune, Hyderabad, Mysore, Banglore, Agra, Tehri Garwal, Dehradun, Merrut, Amritsar and many more. I love to travel, photography and have love for encylopaedias ( Knowledge about each and everything), The reason I spend almost half of my day exploring world on wiki daily.

I am an new to (but fill with enthusiasm) to contribute to Wiki. I want to add article related to famous institutions, significant people and events happening around me. Please help me with the information regarding: 1. Approvals 2. Verification 3. Editions 4. Source of evidence to be provided with the article to get it published on Wiki for world wide access.

Hope to hear from you soon and wish to have a long lasting journey on my beloved Wiki.

Respectfully, Maninder Singh Arora —Preceding unsigned comment added by Maninder arora (talk • contribs) 05:18, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

Well, Maninder Singh Arora. First rule of Wikipedia is : never give your full name. Never. Especially when you have travelled to so many places and are full of enthusiasm ! World is full of dangers ! Secondly we have a parallel universe called Uncyclopedia that you may find more appropriate.  Jon Ascton  (talk) 07:53, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

Hey Maninder, we look forward to your contributions. Just some tips before getting started.

1. This encyclopedia is called Wikipedia. The term is usually never abbreviated wiki, because "wiki" refers to the type of software used to manage Wikipedia. There are lots of other applications of the wiki software, so it is incorrect to call Wikipedia "wiki". Cumbersome, but we just call it by its full name of "Wikipedia".
2. One core principle is Be bold in editing. One feature of wiki software is that you can read and recall any past version of any document. There is no action you can take here that cannot be undone very easily, so if you make a mistake, it is easy to fix. Any good-faith additions to Wikipedia are welcomed, and as long as you are willing to learn from your mistakes and get better over time, most experienced editors are willing to work with you to help you learn the ropes.
3. Wikipedia has guide to writing your first article and even has a helpful wizard utility that will help you do it. HOWEVER, may I suggest that you don't create a new article right now. Despite the invitation above to Be Bold!, Wikipedia does have many policies and guidelines which confound new users, and creating new articles from scratch can be tricky for those new users who have not learned these rules. May I suggest that you start small, by finding already existing articles that interest you, and start by making small changes to them, such as fixing grammar and making them more readible. Once you get a sense of what a decent article should look like, and what sorts of subjects make for good articles, then you can set about creating some new articles. But creating a new article from scratch on your first day is akin to placing a toddler in a marathon; one must learn to crawl before they can compete in a 26-mile race, you know? Take some time to learn how the place works, THEN create an article.

Hope that was of some help! Wikipedia:Introduction contains a basic introduction and Wikipedia:Five pillars is Wikipedia's core princples. If you need further help, try asking at Wikipedia:Help desk. --Jayron32 05:33, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

As Jayron says, it's certainly OK to dive in and start editing - then learn by your mistakes. But some people prefer to be guided towards becoming a good editor or writing a great article - and for that, I recommend the Wikipedia:Adopt-a-User system. You add your name to that page and an expert user will volunteer to "adopt" you for a while and help you with your editing until your confident enough to go it alone. Either way is fine though - we try hard to be as welcoming as possible to new contributors. SteveBaker (talk) 11:20, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

Burn from a cold metal rod

Hi, I'm not sure which category this belongs to so I'll just post it here; hope that's okay... Anyway. You might have heard of this experiment where they would first lead the subject to believe that they'll touch her back with a hot metal rod, and then do just that except the rod is cold (i.e. it is normal temperature) but the unusual thing is that the burn still appears on the subject's back (or so it went). Is this phenomenon real? What's it called and/or where can I read about this? Thanks. - 95.139.105.161 (talk) 08:14, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

The sensation of heat is an example of a tactile illusion prompted by confirmation bias: the brain perceives heat because that's what it's expecting. The production of physical symptoms (such as burns) from such a suggestion would take it one stage further. I can't find a description of success in such an experiment, although there are descriptions of attempts to produce such symptoms using hypnotic suggestion: here, for example. The phenomenon seems to be based on more than just suggestion, though. The physical processes by which we perceive heat and cold are different but connected, and things like the thermal grill illusion illustrate the link and its effects, and go some way towards explaining them. Interestingly, one effect of ciguatera poisoning can be the reversal of the sufferer's perception of heat and cold. I haven't read it myself, but there is a free ebook download here which is mentioned on a couple of specialist forums and which seems to include material on hot/cold perception illusions, so you may find it useful. Karenjc 10:33, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

I don't think the rod is at room temperature, I think it is chilled. Human skin is good at detecting extreme temperatures, but isn't very good at determining which extreme it is. I don't believe that it would leave a burn, though - it could be an cold burn, I suppose, but that wouldn't be very interesting. --Tango (talk) 15:19, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

P.G in Journalism after completing B.E

I'm a final year student pursuing my bachelor's in Electronics and Communication Engineering(B.E-E&C). However i realize that this is not the line i wish to pursue. Is there any possibility that I could change my course of career?? I'm very much interested in journalism. Will I be able to go for a Post-graduate degree in Journalism directly on completion of my B.E? I'd also like to know the choice of courses offered and the top universities/institutions offering them.

Thank you, Any information I receive will be valuable.

--Padma1012 (talk) 11:19, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

This will be very difficult to answer without knowing in which country you are currently studying, and in which countries you would consider taking a postgraduate qualification. In general, some universities will insist on a relevant degree, or at least relevant experience, in order to take a postgraduate course, while others will accept any undergraduate degree, provided you have performed sufficiently well in it. Warofdreams talk 13:10, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

You can definitely change your career plans. The question is more one of how easy it will be to do so. As Warofdreams says, we'll need to know what country you are studying in and planning to work in to be able to give a more detailed answer. --Tango (talk) 15:22, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

Hi.. Thanks a lot for reminding about that.. I'd completely forgotten to mention my current location details.. I'm from India.. I'm willing to go abroad(preferbly-U.S, U.K, Germany). And so far, I've been able to maintain a good record in my academics.I'm eager to know if there are any good universities which offer P.G without a prior relevant experience in the field. --Padma1012 (talk) 05:02, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

Yeah...on the top you did'nt tell where you from, but believe me I did guess right even before I read the next para you wrote - that you are from India ! only Indians can ask such laidback and lopsided questions. And your user page does'nt tell anything but if I am not very much wrong you are female !

Hey, why use italics ? You see, writing using BOLD or capitals is considered SHOUTING. Then what should italics imply ? whispering ?  Jon Ascton  (talk) 07:20, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

okay. I do agree that may be my question was as laidback & lopsided as you thought. And I really appreciate the fact that you guessed my native and gender by instinct. But the focus of my question is not that. Its totally course-oriented. I really need to know that and thought this is a good desk to ask.If you can help me, I'm really thankful. I'm completely new here, and just getting acquainted with the protocols.. However, I think the prejudice you seem to have regarding the judgement of people on the basis of their nativity doesn't really sound good, atleast personally for me. I come here to know things, not rather be judged. Sorry & thanks for the feedback.--Padma1012 (talk) 05:17, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Defending myself against a Taser

If a policeman fires his taser at me and I stick my hand out and catch both barbs in it, will I be disabled as effectively as if the barbs hit my torso? What if I catch a barb in each hand? Hemoroid Agastordoff (talk) 15:22, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

On all the models I have worked with, the two barbs are attached to a small plastic piece that keeps them together, which would make it hard to catch one with each hand. Even if you did, your hand is still conductive, and you may still get stuck with one of the barbs, so you really don't have a recourse there. Even if your try to wear rubber gloves, you still have a good chance of the barbs (actually more like needles) going right through the glove and still hitting you. The best way to defend yourself from an officer is to comply fully with them and make your case in court. Or, simply avoid situations that would make an officer want to tase you. ^Avic_ennasis @ 16:26, 20 Tamuz 5770 / 2 July 2010 (UTC)

So don't ask politicians questions. Googlemeister (talk) 18:26, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

OK, so if both barbs hit me in the same hand, will I lose muscle control throughout my body, or just in the hand (which is what I really want to know) ? Hemoroid Agastordoff (talk) 16:52, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

What activity are you planning that might result in being tasered? ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 22:52, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

You will lose control of your whole body. That's the way a Taser is designed to work: to incapacitate the target effectively If it only worked on certain spots of your body, that would be pointless. Brambleclawx 00:21, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

I suggest you practice by shooting yourself with a taser until you build up an immunity.

(pssst... that won't actually work and might kill you, so don't do it, but I'm curious to know if you were tempted) --Ludwigs2 00:48, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

Getting Tasered is unlikely to kill you, especially if you are a healthy adult (especially without certain heart issues) not on stimulants. See Taser safety issues. That's not to say that it's a safe thing to do by any stretch of the imagination, and some deaths have occured. Additionally, I see no way that you could "build up an immunity", but you may be able to better recognize and respond to the effects of getting tasered. It is common for police to be tasered as part of their training. Finally, I highly doubt that anyone could have a serious chance of intercepting Taser barbs with their hands; the barbs are shot out with compressed nitrogen (akin to a Paintball gun) and move quite fast. Buddy431 (talk) 03:24, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

When the taser stops working they might reach for their guns... and your hand won't block a 9mm (much). Are you planning on getting tazed? Perhaps you should rethink the underlying motivation... just a crazy idea. Shadowjams (talk) 06:50, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

You could wear layers of cooking foil underneath your clothes and gloves - it should short out the electricity without much flowing through you. 92.24.179.245 (talk) 17:48, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

Since when is the ref desk in the business of aiding and abetting criminal activity? ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 17:55, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

Ooh, sorry I forgot that unlicensed joking is illegal in the US of A. 92.15.12.165 (talk) 21:59, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

Believe it or not, I was just curious. When I was a kid I shocked myself on a 110V electric circuit, but I felt the shock only in my hand; I was wondering if being Tasered is a similar experience. Hemoroid Agastordoff (talk) 18:23, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

I've raised my concerns about these kinds of questions at WP:ANI. The ref desks are not allowed to give out legal and medical advice, and this question broaches both of those topics. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 18:31, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

As I mentioned on ANI, this discussion is inappropriate. Toddst1 (talk) 18:45, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

Eh. I saw the questions as basically "Is there a known defense for tasers?" or perhaps "Is it equally effective regardless of where on the body one is stuck?" Officers are the most well known users of tasers, which may explain why OP mentioned them, but this info in itself is not negative, IMO. (AGF, anyone?) If the OP had asked "Suppose a burglar snuck into my house and was armed with a taser - is there any easy defense for myself?" would concern still be raised? The question doesn't discuss the legal ramifications of resisting arrest or the medical concerns on getting tased, although they did come in the replies. Regardless, as the question has been answered, this discussion can be closed. The "question of the question" as it were is best left to ANI. I would close the question myself, although since it might appear to some that I did so to stop replies to my opinion, I will not. :) ^Avic_ennasis @ 19:26, 21 Tamuz 5770 / 3 July 2010 (UTC)

Perhasp those editors who believe that people have no right to defend themselves when attacked by police would be more comfortable editing Conservapedia instead... 98.226.122.10 (talk) 04:11, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

Next time you feel threatened in some way, try contacting a burglar instead of a policeman, and let us know how well that works out. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 13:08, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

Lawmakers and law enforcers (policemen) also read Wikipedia and it is important that they are fully informed about the effects and limitations of their equipment. If it is acceptable to give answers on the Ref. Desk on the subject of maximising the kill strength of nuclear bombs, with "kill" to include the deaths of helpless babies and innocent puppies with waggy tails and big trusting eyes, then we should have no concern about replying to a question about tasers. Cuddlyable3 (talk) 15:25, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

For someone who often espouses a libertarian view, you seem to have an amazingly strong belief in the absolute good of all government officials, combined with a curious concern that nobody discuss anything that could be used illegally. Where is the Bugs who made such a big fuss about 'freedom' not so long ago? 86.164.57.20 (talk) 18:42, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

Troubleshooting old video games

Unsure if this should go in "entertainment", but my problems are technical and nothing to do with gameplay. Are there any websites out there that will help me with troubleshooting problems for older games? I've got any number of games a decade or more old that I can play to some degree on my computer, but if one of them decides to play silly buggers, they don't have forums I can turn to to ask the community...that I know of, anyway. These errors seem to be the kind that a community would be familiar with and be able to point me to the answer, but without a forum or something...Was just wondering if anyone knew someplace I could go. Perhaps a repository of ancient troubleshooting tips. Vimescarrot (talk) 18:29, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

On the offchance that anyone has any ideas, my options in Worms World Party won't save, and it won't let me go above 800x600 resolution. Vimescarrot (talk) 18:36, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

Communities involved with abandonware and dosbox come to mind. Sorry to be vague. If you can find the actual game listed on a site like abandonia.com, there will be a discussion there about getting it to run nicely. Possibly such a site will have a forum where you can post questions about any old game. (Actually it won't be on abandonia, which is exclusively DOS games, but both the underdogs sites - hotud.org and homeoftheunderdogs.net - have forums.) 81.131.42.1 (talk) 20:09, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

Alrighty. Thanks Vimescarrot (talk) 11:18, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

Here's the GameFAQs page for Worms World Party (PC version): [4] it makes the slightly obscure statement "If you want your weapon and game settings to be registered, save it. They will be saved into .WSC files, and they can be found in user/schemes/." I'm not sure what "registered" means (does it mean "permanent"?), and I'm not sure what "it" is referred to (a game in progress?), and I'm not sure what you're supposed to do with the WSC files (browse for them within the game somehow and open them?) ... but maybe this is some help. I noticed in passing that on the GBA version you can't save anything. I also found a single reply to the question on a forum: "LOL. YOU DOESNT SAVE THE GAME. AHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA". Exactly what this means, I couldn't say (you have to make a save in order to retain the options? You can't save games at all?) but I submit it for your attention. 213.122.46.162 (talk) 13:29, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

Wiki Pages

Is it possible to set some kind of vigil on a particular Wiki page to see how many people have seen it, and also from what part of world they were ?  Jon Ascton  (talk) 19:49, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

Yes (for the first question). Choose your article, click on the History tab at the top, go to External tools: Page View Statistics, then choose the month you're interested in, and voila! Here's June 2010's graph for this page, for example. I must say I disbelieve there were zero views on the 26th or the 28th - or any other day you care to name - but that's what we're being told. As for where the viewers are from, no, there's no possible way of judging that afaik. -- Jack of Oz ... speak! ... 20:46, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

Zeros on those graphs are almost always due to technical glitches. Even the most obscure pages tend to get a few views every day. --Tango (talk) 00:24, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

It may be worth going to Wikipedia:Statistics Department and asking on the talk-page/somewhere in the more 'inner workings' pages. I'm not sure if it is possible for Wikipedia but my Flickr pro account lets me see 'where' incoming viewers of my photos are coming from (both within Flickr and outside - so for instance today i've have visits from people searching on google images for 'cute dog'). Maybe Wikipedia has some similar capability? ny156uk (talk) 23:02, 2 July 2010 (UTC)

July 3

Article help

Anyone have library or other access to the Chicago Tribune? I'd appreciate it if I could get this article emailed to me for article writing purposes.--Fuhghettaboutit (talk) 02:29, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

Well, you can buy access to the article (in PDF) from the web site for $3.95, with other price options if you want to access more than one article. Won't that do? --Anonymous, 03:05 UTC, July 3, 2010.

I strangely had a similar issue recently with the Tribune. Most libraries carry their recent archives, at least the past few decades. Shadowjams (talk) 06:47, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

If you ask nicely at Wikipedia:WikiProject Resource Exchange/Resource Request, someone who has access to the online archive will supply you with a copy of the article. I've found them very helpful. Deor (talk) 11:36, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

Send me your e-mail address and I'll send it to you. --Mr.98 (talk) 12:32, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

Thanks all. Posted at Mr. 98's talk. I will definitely check out the exchange Deor, especially since I have many resources of my own to share.--Fuhghettaboutit (talk) 16:20, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

Telephone interview times

An earlier question, and the conclusion that the OP should be ready for his job interview at 3.30 am, got me thinking. Do people who arrange phone interviews for international job applicants generally take into account the time zone differences so that the interview is at a convenient time for both parties? Astronaut (talk) 03:06, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

Possibly, but given the assymetric relationship between the interviewer and interviewee, that's unlikely to happen. There are almost always more applicants than availible positions, oftentimes grossly more applicants than open positions, meaning that the hiring company has no incentive to make anything at all convenient for the applicant. Rather, the since the applicant is often mostly indistinguisable from the multitude of other applicants, such requests can be a negative for the interviewee; if there are applicants willing to be interviewed at any time without raising any objection, then there's no need to reschedule any interviews for people who do ask for it. --Jayron32 03:26, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

Oh, I'm not asking about rescheduling or even the applicant requesting a particular time; after all, flexibility in such things might be an asset to the employer. I'm just wondering whether a hiring company would commonly and deliberately arrange the interview to be at an inconvenient time for the interviewee, or whether people just don't think about things like time zone differences at all? Astronaut (talk) 04:36, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

It's not that HR is working to deliberately make it hard, its just that they don't have to give a shit. It is quite likely that HR doesn't even consider these things, because of the reason I explained above, it doesn't have to. From the HR's perspective, there's likely not "one" perfect candidate for a job, there are merely hundreds or thousands of roughly equivalent applicants. In a situation like that, HR is generally looking for applicants to "self-select" themselves out of the pool to make their job easier. It doesn't fear losing the "perfect" candidate because there isn't one. There's just a lot of work sorting out some random person who will be competant enough at the job not to make HR look bad in hiring them. By making yourself a pain in the ass, even a minor one, you make HR's job easier. Not every company works this way, but enough do. I have worked for some organizations with some pretty callous HR staff. --Jayron32 04:45, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

That's a wild (and utterly unreasonable) generalization. The HR people where I work take recruiting very seriously and if we think someone's resume indicates that a phone interview is a good first step, we work quite hard to arrange a mutually suitable time. It's not just a matter of time-zones either - the person we're interviewing may have a job already and would find it difficult (to say the least!) if we called them while they were at work. So even when the time-zones match, it's still sometimes necessary to interview at a time that's rather inconvenient to us. We do actually want to recruit people (assuming they are any good, that is!) - and pissing them off at the outset isn't a good way to get the best people. Recruitment isn't always about having an embarrasingly large number of candidates, almost any of whom could do the job. Sometimes (as with us, right now) it can be quite hard to find enough really good people to do the work. SteveBaker (talk) 05:23, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

I agree. I've had several telephone interviews in the last year and every time I was either called to ask when would be convenient or asked to book a time online. Perhaps there is a difference depending on the job you are applying for. I was applying for new graduate jobs with a salary above the average for new graduates. Companies are very keen to get the right people for such jobs and will try to help applicants give an accurate impression; they would never reject you application just because you say you're unavailable at the time they want to give you a telephone interview. If you are applying for a minimum wage job then, as Jayron says, there will probably be hundreds or thousands of suitable applicants and it doesn't really matter which of them ends up getting the job, so they'll reject applications for all kinds of bad reasons just to narrow the field to something they can work with. --Tango (talk) 15:12, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

standard height of the roof

The average height of a story seems to be 10-12 feet for modern constructions in my part of the world. What are the factors that determine the height of the story? Isn't it quite a waste of material to construct a story that high since 7-8 feet would be enough for human beings to move about and live in comfortably? --117.204.93.114 (talk) 09:44, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

My ego needs at least 14 feet. I'm sure others feel similarly. Shadowjams (talk) 10:07, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

The OP is located in Kerala, India. A room with low ceiling height is difficult to illuminate evenly and an electric lamp will give unpleasant glare at eye level. It is difficult to ventilate sources of smoke or steam such as coal fires, cooking or candles. Cuddlyable3 (talk) 11:30, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

Hey, how the hell you know where OP is located ? You psychic or something...or just kidding ?  Jon Ascton  (talk) 07:12, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

I was neither kidding nor using my psychic gift. The article Whois explains the system for identifying the approximate location of IP address(es). Cuddlyable3 (talk) 23:08, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Ceiling heights below 7 feet seem oppressively close to the head, particularly for many adult men. Add to that the thickness required to raise the floor to allow power, phone and data to run whereever they are needed (1 foot); and the thickness required to insert air conditioning ducts in the ceiling (2 feet); and the thickness of the building's floor structure (2 feet). It is easy to see how the height of a storey in an office building can be 12 feet or more. Astronaut (talk) 12:26, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

Historically A higher ceiling is a display of wealth - among other things it shows you can afford to build taller, it shows you can afford to 'waste' heat and it also works to give the impression of space (the same size room with lower ceilings will appear smaller than with a higher ceiling). Most modern homes will be build to consumer preference so whilst it might be less economically cost-wise if you can't ultimately sell the homes then the saving is worthless and it seems around 9 feet is probably as low as your average consumer likes (save for the quaintness of cottages and those that like them), with higher probably less common in average modern homes but more common in 'luxury' homes. As someone who has lived in a small apartment with 'standard' height ceilings (i think 9 feet) and now live in a victorian period house with (I think) 12 feet ceilings with similar size rooms I can definitely say that it gives a huge amount of feeling of 'space' and 'air-y-ness' - much nicer. ny156uk (talk) 15:19, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

sorry just measured my ceilings - seems my sense of height is rubbish! My victorian period house has 9 feet ceilings, and so I can only assume my apartment with 'standard' height was around 7 foot like most people below have noted. Next time i'll check before I rely on my eyes for measuring things! ny156uk (talk) 18:45, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

Ceiling heights are typically lower in coald climates to keep the warm air close to the occupants. In hot climates, a high ceiling is a low-technology way to keep heat away. Otherwise, prosperity tends to increase ceiling height, as does room size - a small room with a high ceiling feels like a chimney, while a large room with a low ceiling feels confining. I will point out that ceiling height and story height are not directly correlated. One needs space for structure, which will get deeper as the structural span increases, and in commercial space, room for utilities, which can take up a meter or so of space between the ceiling and the structure, so a story can be 50% higher than the ceiling height in many commercial applications. Acroterion _(talk) 16:18, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

Until recently, standard ceiling heights in North American houses were around 8 feet, with 9 feet becoming popular in recent years. 9 feet is a fairly standard ceiling height for office space, with 10 feet in very large or higher-end office space. Acroterion _(talk) 16:22, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

As somebody guessed here, I am from Kerala in India. We have hot sun for nine months of the year. Humidity is high for almost 11 months of the year. Flat concrete roof is the pre-dominant roofing here. Until a few decades back it was tiling or thatching. Flat concrete roof with no effective ventillation traps the hot air above anyway. The window height would be six or seven feet. If the window height is raised to the lowered ceiling height of say 8 or 9 feet, I think there is a better chance for hot air passing out. It is to be considered that there is no raised floor structure or false ceiling for air conditioning ducts. Only rich people can have air conditioning and when there is it is invariably wall-mounted with no need of ducts passing along the ceiling. Ceiling fans are ubiquitous and they will have to be converted in the prospect of a low-ceiling. But that is easy as wall-mounted fans will be more effective with a lowered ceiling. As such the current height of ceiling leaves much unused and unwanted space for dusty walls, cobweb, wastage of lighting, proneness to echo etc. In several respects it is a huge waste. For example, the walls would need a fresh coat of paint each year or in two years. Three feet less is considerable reduction in cost. I would like to know what other dissuasive factors could be there against a lowered height in ceiling.--117.204.80.10 (talk) 00:57, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

I'm sorry for assuming you were talking about tall multi-storey commercial buildings. Here in the UK, such high ceilings are very rare in modern residential property. When our labour costs, property costs (according to this page from the BBC the average house price in my town is nearly £250,000 - about 10 times the average yearly salary) and heating costs are very high, modern residental property tends to have quite low ceilings, and if a construction company can save money by using less construction materials, they can make more profit and claim the place is cheaper to heat in the winter. Of course, if you are rich and can afford to get a house built to your own specifications, you can have any ceiling height your want. In my case, the disadvantage of a low ceiling is it traps the heat; for example during the recent spell of hot weather, my apartment (with its ceiling height of just 2.25 metres (7.4 ft)) has been too hot from midday 'til midnight. IMHO, you are fortunate to have an archtectural style with high ceilings and I hope Keralan construction companies don't start thinking like ours and sell small pokey houses at high prices. Astronaut (talk) 10:47, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

Standard floor to ceiling heights are 2.4 metres in the UK and 2.5 metres in France. Plasterboard sizes vary accordingly. 2.4 metres can feel quite low. The height of the whole storey is greater than 2.4 or 2.5 metres of course. Itsmejudith (talk) 21:12, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

numbers

can someone pick a random number for me, between 1 and 35? 80.47.187.29 (talk) 14:57, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

Yes I just did. Cuddlyable3 (talk) 15:09, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

23 ny156uk (talk) 15:19, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

no, the 'correct' answer is 14. --Ludwigs2 15:29, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

Note that without knowing how these numbers were generated, it's impossible to say whether they were random or not, and likely they are not. (Humans are very bad at making up "random numbers" in their head. They never pick "1", for instance.) If you want a random number, I suggest using a good random number generator. Random.org looks pretty good in terms of methodological rigor. --Mr.98 (talk) 15:36, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

strange, I wrote them all out in a rectangle and stabbed at it with a pen with my eyes closed a few times, they were all on or around 23. 80.47.187.29 (talk) 16:32, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

That's because stabbing with a pen isn't a very random act. --Tango (talk) 17:23, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

My brother, when asked to "Pick a number between one and ten", or something to that effect, always picks pi. The moral is to be clear what you're looking for. (e.g. do you want any number, or just integers?). By the way, Googling "online random number generator" gives a number of options. -- 174.24.195.56 (talk) 17:45, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

And you should specific the probability distribution too - "random" doesn't automatically mean "uniformly distributed". When I first saw this question I was tempted to suggest the OP toss and coin and choose 1 for heads and 2 for tails. That would be a random number between 1 and 35. --Tango (talk) 18:46, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

1 Edison (talk) 03:22, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

No. The OP asks for a single random number that cannot in isolation represent any specific distribution. Your temptation to suggest a DIY binary sequence of coin tosses should be resisted because it would give a uniform random distribution of the range 0 to 31 or 0 to 63, neither of which fits the requested range. Cuddlyable3 (talk) 11:20, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

Ugh - I generated a random number programmatically in applescript (which uses a more-or-less uniform pseudorandom generator) and it came out to be 14. but in fact, since the OP only asked for a single number, any number will suffice (since randomness is an aggregate phenomenon, and aggregate phenomena have no bearing on singular events). I am (statistically speaking) correct on this. --Ludwigs2 05:33, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

Well, "random" means "cannot be precisely predicted", so it applies to single numbers as much as to sequences of numbers. --Tango (talk) 06:27, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

42 52 3 47 20 Shadowjams (talk) 06:51, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

In the UK in the 1960s, there was a huge computer called ERNIE (Electronic Random Number Indicating Equipment), that used generate random numbers to find Premium Bond winners. Perhaps we could find it and plug it back in for you? Alansplodge (talk) 07:25, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

ERNIE is still going strong.--Shantavira|^{feed me} 08:19, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

Yeah - but it's not (nor ever was) a computer. It's an electronic random number generator that relies on physical random noise rather than software algorithms (which can never be truly unpredictable). These days it probably uses a computer to collect the results - but the actual "ERNIE" part is specialized electronics. SteveBaker (talk) 11:08, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

Deus vult! SteveBaker how can you deny that the source of ERNIE's numbers is the Will of God? Rev. 13:18. Cuddlyable3 (talk) 11:32, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

I finally read my own link - the original ERNIE is now in the Science Museum (London). Please accept my apologies - it's obviously not a computer - would "gizmo" be a better description? Alansplodge (talk)

Groucho: Give me a number between 1 and 10.

Chico: 11.

Groucho: Right!

←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 02:59, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

Put 5 apples in a line on a table and ask someone 'how many apples are between the one on the left and the one on the right?' They will tell you there are three. This is why no-one picks 1 or 10 when you ask them to give you a number between 1 and 10. --KägeTorä - (影虎) (TALK) 23:09, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

17⅓. Well,no-one said it had to be whole... 23:34, 7 July 2010 Lemon martini (talk) 23:35, 7 July 2010 (UTC)(UTC)

Surface finish

4140 L80 - what should be the acceptable surface finish after turning inside and outside diameter? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Alfredparakkalcochin (talk • contribs) 15:57, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

Can you expand on your question, as I have absolutely no idea what you are asking about? For example, what does "4140 L80" refer to? By "turning" do you mean some mechanical process to remove a material from a rough shape, using a lathe or milling machine for example? What would be your measure for acceptability of surface finish? Astronaut (talk) 17:16, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

"AISI 4140" and "L80" appear to be standards for the composition of hardened steel. However, I don't see how we can discover what kind of surface finish is acceptable without understanding the application. We need more information from the questioner. SteveBaker (talk) 20:30, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

Rain forests

What are the 3 main tropical rainforests ??? if anyone knows , please tell me !!! it is urgent !!! i think one is the Amazon rainforest... please tell me if i am wrong !!! thnx !!! lol (-; 81.147.6.161 (talk) 19:51, 3 July 2010 (UTC) (reposted here from Wikipedia_talk:Requests_for_comment#Delisted_content_RfC by –– Jezhotwells (talk) 20:12, 3 July 2010 (UTC))

Our article on Rainforests lists Tropical rainforests in: Southeast Asia (Myanmar to Philippines, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and northeastern Australia), Sri Lanka, Sub-Saharan Africa from Cameroon to the Congo (Congo Rainforest), South America (e.g. the Amazon Rainforest), Central America (e.g. Bosawás, southern Yucatán Peninsula-El Peten-Belize-Calakmul), and on many of the Pacific Islands (such as Hawaiʻi). Looking at the map from that article, I suppose the Amazon, the band of rainforest in Sub-Saharan Africa and the band that straddles Southeast Asia would be the three "main" rainforests. SteveBaker (talk) 20:22, 3 July 2010 (UTC)

July 4

What bridge is this?

It may be in Canada, I am not completely sure. [5] Thanks! Timeform (talk) 04:13, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

I'm thinking Burrard Bridge, at least vaguely. It is a steel trestle bridge, cherry blossoms are a common sight in Vancouver, the backdrop could be the north shore mountains. However it would be a very unusual camera angle, taken somewhere between Granville and Burrard Bridges; also the downward slope at the putative east side of the mountains doesn't look quite right. I'll be heading to the Granville Island market in the next few days so I can look for such a spot. I'm not sure there is such a place to get such a perspective. Franamax (talk) 04:44, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

That picture could be of a huge number of bridges - it's a low resolution image of a conventional-design trestle bridge with a cherry tree in the foreground obscuring most of the detail. I could think of a dozen bridges from North Carolina to Delaware that would fit the bill, plus a half-dozen more bridges in California (assuming that there's a cherry tree planted somewhere nearby), and that's just from personal speculation. do you have a better image to go by? --Ludwigs2 05:22, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

Or could you tell us where you got the image? Is there any context at all? Dismas|^(talk) 05:27, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

It's the Akashi Kaikyō Bridge - see link here. Mikenorton (talk) 10:19, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

increasingly offtopic discussion collapsed
The following discussion has been closed. Please do not modify it.
That's strange. Why would anyone take such a tiny and obscure snippet from an image? Astronaut (talk) 10:51, 4 July 2010 (UTC) Good question, apart from avoiding copying the 'Foto S.A.' bit. Mikenorton (talk) 11:32, 4 July 2010 (UTC) Blimey! How did you do that Mike? Caesar's Daddy (talk) 12:20, 4 July 2010 (UTC) A googleimages search on 'bridge cherry blossom', it was on page 7. Mikenorton (talk) 14:55, 4 July 2010 (UTC) Daddy your expletive is short for "May God blind me (if I tell a lie)". If you use a PC running Windows then one way you can snip a piece of an image is as follows. 1) Have the image on your screen. 2) Press Alt-PrtSc. That puts the image on your invisible clipboard. 2) Start PAINT. 3) Press ctrl-V. That pastes the clipboard on to PAINT. 4) Drag the Select tool over the snippet of the image that you want. 5) Click on Edit - Copy to... and name your file something like MySnippet.jpg. Please be careful to tell the truth for a while. Cuddlyable3 (talk) 15:08, 4 July 2010 (UTC) Cuddlyable, unless you are joking, I think you have misunderstood. I took Daddy's question to be "How did you identify that", which Mike then answered. And I don't know why you are offering us one possible etymology of a word that Daddy used. --ColinFine (talk) 15:36, 4 July 2010 (UTC) @ColinFine I think your understanding of Daddy's question is correct. I don't know why Daddy prefaced his response with a Minced oath and I hope that does not become a habit. Cuddlyable3 (talk) 19:17, 4 July 2010 (UTC) It's a fairly common expression of amazement. Most people who use it are not aware of its origin, and do not intend it to be taken that way. Besides, oaths of the minced or unminced kind aren't exactly unknown around here ("Deus vult!" comes to mind ...). -- Jack of Oz ... speak! ... 20:10, 4 July 2010 (UTC) I think it is interesting to note that the first two people responding mistakenly identified it as a trestle bridge. I read those two responses and I was in complete agreement that it was a trestle bridge. Bus stop (talk) 20:22, 4 July 2010 (UTC) @ Cuddlyable, in my part of the world, UK, "blimey" is a soft, everyday expletive used politely in any company for a surprising situation. I was surprised that Mike identified the cropped picture so (apparently) easily. Like so often in life the answer is right there - seeing it is the tricky bit. I certainly will be using "blimey" in the future, but only when I am amazed ;-)) Caesar's Daddy (talk) 07:22, 5 July 2010 (UTC) Vulgarisms highlight the pretentious, showing people that lay unwarranted claim to social graces and education and attempt to inflate their status through the use of language they either cannot control or do not understand. Innocent examples of the former are some affected by Tourette syndrome and Hanlon's razor may be invoked for the latter. @Jack, Deus vult is Latin for God wills it and is a pious expression still current in the catholic church after nearly a millenium. It corresponds to Masha'Allah and אלוהים מבקש את זה in other major religions. Cuddlyable3 (talk) 12:52, 5 July 2010 (UTC) 'swounds, I'm stunned that you are appropiating the use of a miced oath to pretentiousness, lack or social graces, education or just stupidity or neurological disorder. I doubt Shakespeare intended any of these characteristics when he had John of Gaunt make a minced oath. Oops wrong character. 87.102.23.18 (talk) 14:17, 5 July 2010 (UTC) Ah, well, There's no pleasing everyone. If "BLIMEY" is offensive to your ears (or eyes in this case) then I present my apologies. But if you are indirectly implying that using "blimey" is a conceit you are wider of the mark than you could ever imagine. You seem to have an appropriate antonymic name. May your god bless you. Caesar's Daddy (talk) 13:43, 5 July 2010 (UTC) I was thinking of replying to Cuddlyable3, 'struth mate, keep your bleedin' 'air on', but thought that it would be unhelpful, but after the further discussion.... Mikenorton (talk) 19:25, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

Dictionary Online

Where can I find a good dictionary online? Wikipedia is a great encyclopedia but sometimes I just need a dictionary. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.77.186.101 (talk) 08:13, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

I'm assuming you're new to the internet - if not I'm sorry for appearing snide. Google excels at answering questions about where to find things on the internet. See below. --mboverload@ 08:16, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

Try our list of online dictionaries.--Shantavira|^{feed me} 08:23, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

An even better answer! Sometimes I underestimate how helpful Wikipedia is. --mboverload@ 08:26, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

Google will act as a dictionary if you type in "define: " before the word you're thinking of. Dismas|^(talk) 08:27, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

And of course Wikimedia has a dictionary, Wikipedia's sister project Wiktionary.—msh210℠ 08:45, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

My favorite is www.onelook.com. It gives a quick definition, checks loads of different dictionaries (including Wiktionary) and gives a link to the etymology of the word. Cuddlyable3 (talk) 11:04, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

Thank you all. I found Wiktionary is good but from the list of online dictionaries I found the Meriam Webster Online Dictionary even better. Thank you all again. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.9.92.164 (talk) 22:11, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

The best, methinks, is Wordweb.com. Once downloaded (it's free) you can install it and use it even when you are offline  Jon Ascton  (talk) 06:51, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

Threat of deleting article

The article about me (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Segedy ) has been footnoted properly with secondary sources but I'm receiving a delete threat. Why specifically? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Msegedy (talk • contribs) 16:09, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

The note on your user talk page concerned deletion of a picture of you, not of the article about you. This has already been effected. It was (apparently) because there was not enough information attached to the picture about who owned the copyright on it, so no one knew whether Wikipedia had a right to keep it. If you uploaded it the first time and still have it, you can upload it again if you follow the instructions at special:upload.—msh210℠ 16:18, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

The entire text of the description page was "Photo of author Michael segedy", so it was deleted both because it had no license and because it had no source. The article is now at AFD; you can find the discussion here. Nyttend (talk) 03:22, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

What you call "footnoted properly with secondary sources" points to http://apartmentlimaperu.com/about_owner.shtml which seems to be some sort of commercial establishment run by your wife. The page has picture of the both of you, and a cat... Jon Ascton  (talk) 08:38, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

Note that the article in question has now been nominated for deletion here. If it is to remain, it urgently needs quality independent reliable sources that support the claim that you are notable, as roughly defined by WP:BIO, WP:AUTHOR or WP:GNG. Nothing in the article comes close to demonstrating that. -- Finlay McWalter • Talk 09:55, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

Nice cat. The kinds of sources you'll need would be newspaper articles about you, books that have been written about you... that sort of thing. Ideally, though, you shouldn't write about yourself at all- if you are notable, others will inevitably write about you. -FisherQueen (talk · contribs) 19:42, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

It is considered highly dubious to edit an article about yourself. It doesn't help that the first version that you created was a rather blatant attempt to insert an advert for your book into the encyclopedia. You are not an independant witness to your own life - you truly cannot be trusted to write an unbiassed article. We would generally expect people in your position to restrict yourself to commenting on the article in the 'Discussion' page and not to edit the article directly. SteveBaker (talk) 03:59, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

More about walking in Stockholm

My question about how to walk all the way from the Viking Line terminal to the railway station in Stockholm, Sweden, without once walking along a motor vehicle or bicycle route (crossing them is allowed) was answered with directions about how to get from Gamla Stan to the railway station. How do I get from the Viking Line terminal to Gamla Stan then? It seems I have to cross Skeppsbron at this point. How can I do it without walking along (only across) bicycle routes? JIP | Talk 17:42, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

I assume you have you studied the area around Skeppsbron in Google Maps, using street view and the photo viewer? As I said before, I suggest you stick close to the dockside at first. When you get close to Skeppsbron, it looks like you might be able to cross under the road in relative peace and cross a plaza with a statue of a general on a horse - see this picture (you can see part of the statue is on the extreme right of the photo); but I am not really sure if this is possible.

Thanks, I will have to try this. Although as far as I can remember, I have always needed to walk along a bicycle route at this point, but have always managed to do it without problems. Still, I'd like to know if there is a pedestrian-only route available. JIP | Talk 21:48, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

You might find sv:Slussen interesting. Astronaut (talk) 11:39, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

Bicycle tunnel at Slussen.

Gula gången, apparently.

Yes, from the images I can see that this is indeed the part where I have previously felt I had to walk along a bicycle route. As far as I can remember, the exact place is pictured in the first photograph on the right. There is apparently something called "Gula gången" ("the yellow passageway") that is for pedestrians, I suppose that can be used to cross Skeppsbron to go from the dockside to Gamla Stan. Where is this "Gula gången" precisely located? JIP | Talk 13:26, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

Why _ What, and Who

Who cares anyway, and why do we imagine anyone does anyway? 92.30.198.131 (talk) 21:54, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

Why do you care what the answer to your question is? -- 202.142.129.66 (talk) 22:59, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

Somewhere, Art James is stirring. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 02:52, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

That is the most glorious answer I've ever seen, 202.--mboverload@ 04:20, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

Since the IP OP has exactly the one post, there's a good chance that it doesn't care. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 07:46, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

Thanks, Mboverload. It just seemed the most obvious response. (202.142.129.66 =) Jack of Oz ... speak! ... 08:42, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

The OP also could have asked, "Does anybody really know what time it is? Does anybody really care?" ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 08:50, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

See purpose of life. 81.131.65.36 (talk) 10:53, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

Because being curious is fun. Chevymontecarlo - alt 11:33, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

It can also get you into lots of trouble,as my impending court case will testify ;) Lemon martini (talk) 23:36, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Why do we care about fun? ...And so on. 81.131.65.36 (talk) 12:08, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

See apathy, altruism, philosophy, good faith, truth, self-reference, self-refuting idea, assumption, knowledge, To Save A Life and mamihlapinatapai. ~AH1^(TCU) 22:09, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Ancient Roman Republic

How did a Roman become a candidate for a magisterial position? I understand that a magistrate was elected by one of the Assemblies and that a magistrate was a member of the Senate, but how did he become a candidate? Was this voted on by the Roman Senate? Was there some sort of Primary? A fee involved? 98.17.117.169 (talk) 22:46, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

First, I removed all your extraneous signatures; second, which magisterial position? And third, you might want to ask on the Humanities desk. There was an age requirement for each position, so that is one criterion. Have you looked at cursus honorum? Adam Bishop (talk) 23:18, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

Ostensibly anyone of the correct age and social standing could be nominated and elected to the magisterial positions. In practice, during most of the republic, the Roman aristocratic families simply passed the offices around amongst themselves. All major offices (IIRC) were term limited, but that didn't stop the same person from hopping from office to office throughout their political career. --Jayron32 05:55, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

The recent novel Imperium by Robert Harris, first in a trilogy narrating the career of the Roman lawyer and statesman Cicero, describes the electoral and other processes required to attain various such posts in considerable detail. Although fiction, it appears to be based on as much actual historical evidence as is available. 87.81.230.195 (talk) 09:02, 9 July 2010 (UTC)

July 5

AMC Germany Porcelain company

What details are known about AMC Germany china/porcelain company that existed in the 1930's? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.172.114.107 (talk) 04:18, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

AMC seems to have been a tradename for certain products of Arzberg Pozellan in Bavaria / Upper Franconia. The company has a website (in English) here. --Cookatoo.ergo.ZooM (talk) 08:29, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

Philadelphia dogkillers

Anyone know what the hell Philadelphia dogkillers is/was ?  Jon Ascton  (talk) 06:00, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

See Michael Vick. More specifically, Bad Newz Kennels dog fighting investigation. Dismas|^(talk) 06:15, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

Thanks for the try. But it was far off the mark. What I'm talking about seems to be some sort black gang from mid 19th century. See reproduction of newspaper of that time→

 Jon Ascton  (talk) 08:19, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

Ah! Well without any context, and Vick being in the news (semi-)recently, it made sense. Dismas|^(talk) 09:45, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

In Europe the forerunners of dogcatchers was dogkillers. Instead of catching the dogs and taking then to pens they actually killed the dogs right on the street, usually using clubs, later also firearms. Because of the unappealing nature of the job they were usually manned by social outcasts, assistants of the hangman, garbage-collecters etc. Even though this custom seems to have started changing in numerous countries in favour of dogcatchers in Europe from around 1750-1800, perhaps this is the same thing? --Saddhiyama (talk) 08:52, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

That certainly appears to be it; see for instance this letter from 1841 about dog-killers in New York. Warofdreams talk 20:23, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

It's funny that that newspaper image also contains a notice about the much more famous Phineas Gage. Adam Bishop (talk) 18:24, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

Of course, Adam, I caught this while reading the amazing Phineas Gage article, actually. Could not find any reference to 'Philadelphia dogkillers' anywhere on net, so asked here. Gage thing seems to be total bullshit to me, by the way !  Jon Ascton  (talk) 16:16, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

Oh, haha, that makes sense, and I see that the file name is "Phineas Gage" too. I don't know if what happened to Gage is bullshit, but most of the stuff written about him afterwards certainly is. Adam Bishop (talk) 12:58, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

"The camera adds ten pounds"

Why do people sometimes look a bit fatter in photos? And what photographic techniques can be used to prevent this? 68.123.238.146 (talk) 16:14, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

On a traditional 35mm (film) format camera, for example, the "normal lens" considered to give a perspective closest to the eye has a focal length of about 50mm. Lenses with shorter focal lengths are termed "wide angle" and those with longer focal lengths "telephoto." (For non-35mm film cameras and digital cameras different numbers apply but the broad principle holds.)

Many general purpose camera lenses are to a degree 'wide angle' which gives good results when photographing landscapes, etc but, when used to photograph someone fairly close up, exaggerate the front-to-back perspective which amongst other things make people's noses (the closest point of the face to the lens) look bigger.

Another factor is that we have two eyes spaced quite widely in comparison to the diameter of a typical lens, so we normally see people from two slightly converging directions (which our brains integrate), whereas a single lens has a single viewpoint that slightly diverges, making people appear slightly 'spread out.'

For these reasons, knowlegeable photographers generally try to photograph people with lenses that are moderately telephoto; for 35mm format the classic indoor "portrait" lens is, if I recall correctly, 85mm in focal length. Using 'longer' lenses necessitates standing further away from the subject, which flattens the perspective and reduces the 'big nose' effect, and also reduces the slight divergence of the single viewpoint, while their magnifying effect restores the desired size of the subject in the picture.

In summary: stand further away and use more zoom. 87.81.230.195 (talk) 17:30, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

Does anybody...

perhaps a drilling machine?

...know which construction machine this is (image on the right)? Thanks for helping. Feel free to use the Commons File talk page for discussion edit the image directly. --High Contrast (talk) 17:57, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

Looks like a Gattling Gun to me.--85.211.149.175 (talk) 06:27, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

It is not a gattling gun. It looks like some sort of pipe threading machine to me. Dismas|^(talk) 06:29, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

Looks an awful lot like a boring/drilling machine to me. --mboverload@ 06:46, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

See Directional boring. I could not find any images on Google which match the machine, but that is a possibility. Edison (talk) 15:34, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

Boring, certainly--85.211.149.175 (talk) 15:36, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

HC, do you know any more information about the location? Was this in a basement of a skyscraper, or a near a tunnel for a road? Googlemeister (talk) 16:35, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

Very boring, yes. 217.44.131.106 (talk) 17:15, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

this sort of thing drills horizontal holes under roads and footpaths, so that they don't have to be dug up and rebuilt. Councils have been cracking down on the shoddy reconstruction after digging up roads, so gas pipe or communication ducts under areas that are not dirt use this sort of drilling. Graeme Bartlett (talk) 00:56, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Ankerbohrgeraet

Commons has a picture (at right) of an "Ankerbohrgeraet", or anchor boring machine, which is used to drill tie-backs into a vertical foundation excavation to secure the eventual vertical wall. It employs much the same technology as horizontal boring, but with larger-diameter holes that receive an anchor and cable or tendon, which is grouted in place to resist lateral pressure. with the free end embedded in the foundation wall. The picture in question is in a foundation excavation. Directional boring rigs can be used similarly, but drill smaller, but longer holes. The caption is "Anchor drilling equipment (anchor boring rig) with linkage magazine for boring the holes for setting of grout anchors." Acroterion _(talk) 01:54, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Interesting white-collar jobs for non-graduates

Are there any interesting, and hopefully well paid, white-collar jobs that a non-graduate can do? I'm an undergraduate distance learning student, so I need to work while I study, and I won't graduate until at least 2013. I've tried being a salesperson, which I am rubbish at, and I can't think of any other jobs open to me (yet) which are in any way interesting, exciting or prestigious, not to mention decently paid. I know there are lots of cool things I could do as a skilled tradesperson, but the process of becoming one (in all the disciplines I've looked at) would take longer than my degree course. Do I need to resign myself to being a minimum wage photocopier jockey, and focus on doing fun stuff outside work, or is there a better way to earn a living? Cod Lover Oil (talk) 18:09, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

I know non-degreed people who are working as a bank teller and an insurance something-or-other-er, both of whom are reasonably content. I worked my way through college in data entry, which is easy, but doesn't pay that great, and also on a factory assembly line, which ended up being one of those life experiences you're ultimately glad you had. -FisherQueen (talk · contribs) 19:40, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

I know what you mean about the factory job :-) and I've done data entry temp work too. But I literally could not face being a junior something-or-other at a bank or an insurance firm... just the thought gives me a headache. That's exactly the sort of horrible photocopier jockey job I'm trying to avoid, with a big dose of high-pressure sales work on top. Sorry if that sounds rude to your friends, and I know plenty of people must be okay with jobs like that, but I couldn't stick it. Wouldn't fancy applying to either firm even after graduation for a job with some prospects. Thanks though. Cod Lover Oil (talk) 21:46, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

Probably I should give a bit more info about myself... I wrote the question in a bit of a rush after a frustrating read through some job boards. I'm a political science student aged 29, at the Open University, and I live in England. I've worked as a receptionist, a bartender, a shop cashier, a door-to-door salesman, a coffee barista, a labeller on an assembly line, and a couple of temp jobs. Because I left it quite late to start studying, my mates mostly have degree-level jobs so none of them really give me useful examples. Even if what they do is fun, a non-graduate in the same place would have a menial, depressing time. My favourite jobs out of those I've tried were the bar and coffeeshop ones, because I spent so much time talking to the customers. But those really don't pay enough to keep up with my graduate girlfriend... and more corporate types of job have a horrible overcontrolled culture and for a non-graduate, they still pay badly and have no excitement or challenges. Anyone know what my dream job should be, please? :-) Cod Lover Oil (talk) 22:00, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

What are your skills? --mboverload@ 22:15, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

I've often sorted out damaged/neglected bikes, and set up computers for quite a few family & friends, but I'm very far from knowing everything about bicycles or computers. I really don't know if either skill is worth anything. The only skills I've ever been paid for are the ones I picked up while working, and I think I got those jobs by smiling confidently in interviews and showing a flexible attitude. Do you manage or hire staff - what skills would you look for that might make up for an incomplete education? Cod Lover Oil (talk) 22:40, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

It is certainly possible to teach yourself something like computer programming. There are lots of books out there that will help you. Whether you can actually get the job, without the degree, is another question, but it's quite possible that you can make yourself capable of doing the job. Maybe by volunteering in an open-source coding effort, and getting your name on some significant project, you might be able to convince an employer of your skills.

I don't want to suggest that this path is easy or guaranteed, particularly given that there are plenty of applicants for the same jobs who do have degrees. --Trovatore (talk) 22:07, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

I would be starting from scratch - I know my way round Windows and can change computer parts, but I've never coded anything - but I will look into it. Hate to write things off without trying. Is there somewhere to give it a first try for free? Cod Lover Oil (talk) 22:46, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

Hmm -- lots of places, I imagine, but I'm not sure where to point you offhand. I'll get back to you if I come across something while this thread is still open. If you want to stick with Windows, I understand that you can download a version of Microsoft Visual C++ for free, though you probably can't sell a product off of that (e.g. because you might not have a license to redistribute certain DLL files and stuff like that). But just to build your skills, that should be fine.

The open-source path I suggested tends to be kind of Linux-oriented, rather than Windows, though there is certainly FLOSS for Windows. If you like setting stuff up, another possibility is to learn systems administration for both Linux and Windows; there are lots of businesses that for one reason or another need to run both, and if you can handle both of them it could make you valuable. I don't know what the competition is like for these jobs.

Then again, coding incorporates a lot of different disciplines; I don't know whether you want to go the route of languages like C++, which are for general-purpose computing. It's possible that you could focus on some more focused skill-set, such as MySQL for databases, or PHP or something for web coding. I don't know all that much about those.

I don't know how helpful these remarks really are, nor how realistic the prospects would be. But it's possible in principle. --Trovatore (talk) 23:09, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

I think you will struggle to get much above the UK minimum wage - the only way to improve on that is to work unsociable hours on a shift rota, where you will get extra for the shift work (maybe £2-3K a year on top of the standard pay). Also overtime can have it's uses, but it really cuts down the non work hours. If you have a driving license, you could consider taxi / private hire (not taxi in London - different rules to rest of UK) driver, again it tends to get into unsociable hours.  Ronhjones  ^(Talk) 22:25, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

This was basically what I feared. Driving a cab would mean buying and insuring it first, which probably requires savings I don't have. I can drive, tho I'm a bit rusty, but running a car has proved too expensive so far. Cod Lover Oil (talk) 22:49, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

I think I'd try something computer-related and something you can do out of home. If the British market is anything like the Polish market, there is now a huge demand for graphics designers (for graphics like for websites, logos, designs for corporate stationery, flyers, posters and the like). I'll also second the Linux systems administrator hint. Another direction is to work in the general field of what you are studying (info on which I failed to find in the above) so as to provide yourself with experience needed in future work. This is what I did myself. --Ouro (blah blah) 05:48, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

Thanks, great idea! I did a few posters and flyers for a youth club that I helped at last year. They were no great shakes to look at, but I know how to use GIMP now. I'll look for charities or campaign groups that need some volunteer design work. Cod Lover Oil (talk) 15:21, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

May I suggest working for a charity? There are paid positions available, although volunteering is also a good way to get valuable experience. jobs.guardian.uk will give you an idea as to what's available. By the way, I'm a graduate and my husband isn't, and it never affects anything we do. Worth is not measured by letters after one's name, you know. If you enjoy talking to people, you might like fundraising, although for me it's too much like sales and marketing, but who knows? --TammyMoet (talk) 08:26, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

Air traffic control <--- Pretty sweet and prestigious gig, you don't have to relocate, they're looking for employees. Shadowjams (talk) 09:33, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

But, you have to have the right kind of personality for that, an ability to handle a lot of data quickly and make decisions fast. This is tested for if you apply. Worth trying, you may have the abilities they're looking for, but almost impossible to tell in advance. Mikenorton (talk) 09:39, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

Market research interviewer, but only approach reputable companies in the Market Research Association because otherwise it will be sales/scam and you will hate. Or see if they are recruiting for the 2011 Census or other public surveys. Will look good on your CV with your politics degree. Itsmejudith (talk) 10:00, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

If you don't know how to do anything useful, there is always politics. Googlemeister (talk) 14:28, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

LOL :-)) Cod Lover Oil (talk) 15:22, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

I can always aim for the top... :-) Newsbiscuit - Nick Clegg to play with tiny steering wheel during Prime Minister’s Questions Cod Lover Oil (talk) 15:24, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

July 6

Hyphenated last names

If Jane Brown marries Bob Smith-Jones what does her surname become? Jane Smith-Jones? Jane Smith? Jane Jones? Jane Brown-Smith-Jones?? What about the children's surnames? --124.254.77.148 (talk) 05:57, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

AFAIK it doesn't happen automatically. She can decide on what she will be named (she may choose any variant, I think except Brown-Smith-Jones, and even the husband may take the wife's surname!), and they both can decide the surnames of the children. --Ouro (blah blah) 06:04, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

This may depend on what country they are in. In the UK, I agree that they can choose a variant - Brown-Smith-Jones would be unusual but not impossible. But, usually, the woman would choose either to keep the name Brown, or use the name Smith-Jones, or indeed use both names in different circumstances (for example, continuing to use the name Brown if already well-known in her career with that name). I don't believe there is a legal obligation - see this article for some guidance. Ghmyrtle (talk) 06:11, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

There are no restrictions that I know of in the US. She could change it to whatever she likes. And the children will go by whatever their parents decide. Dismas|^(talk) 06:13, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

The answer certainly varies from country to country...between matters of custom and matters of law, there are wide variations. We could provide a better answer if our OP would tell us where this is happening. SteveBaker (talk) 14:10, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

In the UK at least, three or even four hyphenated surnames are not unknown. Karenjc 20:25, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

Although it's only fair to point out that they are rare, and almost exclusively confined to the old aristocracy - and even where they exist they are almost never used. Ghmyrtle (talk) 20:50, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

I know someone who married a man with a double-barreled last name and now goes by a name like Jane Smith-Jones Thompson, where "Smith" is her maiden name (those aren't her real names). It seems she decided one hyphen was enough. One of her husband's relatives apparently now goes by a name along the lines of Sarah Jones-Thompson Anderson (again, not her actual name). -- Mwalcoff (talk) 22:34, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

When my sister divorced her husband and re-married (this was in the UK), she tacked her new husband's surname with a hyphen onto her previous surname - which (of course) she got from her first husband. That seems weird to me - but there you go. SteveBaker (talk) 03:43, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Things man was not meant to know

I want to learn some of the things man was not meant to know. Where's a good place to start? While we're at it, what was man meant to know? 67.188.234.85 (talk) 10:13, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

A good place to start would be, where did you get the notion that there is anything man is not meant to know? ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 10:16, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

It's worthing pointing out that the OP's only other entry[6] was an even sillier question. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 10:29, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

I think man was meant to know a troll when he sees one. Richard Avery (talk) 10:49, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

I suggest you speak to this man [7], he claims to know what we don't know, and various combinations of knowing and not knowing. Caesar's Daddy (talk) 10:46, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

I never understood all the quipping over "unknown unknowns". I thought that it was one of the most honest and profound statements to come out of that administration. -- 58.147.52.176 (talk) 11:39, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

I thought it was a deliberately abstruse way of saying simply, "we don't know the answers, and we don't even know the questions". --Sean 17:46, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

It is to Donald Rumsfeld's credit that he gave a briefing in Epistemology without dumbing it down for the masses. Cuddlyable3 (talk) 19:12, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

The New York Times had a very interesting series of blog posts on this subject recently, part 1 is here. --LarryMac | Talk 13:44, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

The concept of there being things we're not meant to know is entirely one of religion. When you ask your religious leader difficult questions that seriously challenge the belief system ("Why does god let little children die of leukemia?", "Why did god make the Ebola virus when he created all living things in the garden of Eden?") - then a convenient pat answer is "There are some things that man is not meant to know." - although this is about as useful as a parent using the "Because I say so" answer to a small bothersome child who won't stop asking "Why?". Without religion, there is nothing we cannot at least aspire to know if we wish to do so. After all - who is it but some supernatural entity who could decide what it is that we aren't 'meant' to know? Someone would have to mean that...someone with some kind of right to make rules beyond and above what humans know...in short, a god...hence religion again.

Of course, there are plenty of things that we fundamentally cannot know. Godel's theorem says that we cannot know whether some particular mathematical theorems are true or false. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle places firm limits on our ability to know both the momentum and position of a particle. The 'halting problem' in computer science says that we can't know for sure whether any arbitary computer program will eventually stop running or not. We can never know what's going on inside the event horizon of a black hole. Chaos theory ensures that we can't predict the weather with accuracy very far into the future. There are plenty of things we 'cannot' know.

So the answer for our OP is: If you are an atheist - you can try to know whatever you want - but the laws of physics may place some restrictions on that. If you are some kind of religious nut - then it depends on what particular brand of nonsense you subscribe to.

SteveBaker (talk) 14:06, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

At present we cannot know those things, but we may discover a way to measure them. We didn't know what the speed of light was, for example, until a method was devised to measure it. As for "not meant to know", that implies divine intelligence, whose existence or non-existence is obviously a matter of opinion. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 15:18, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

One is not meant to know in advance an exam question, who has won an Academy Award or what your Poker hand is.... Bugs, is it your opinion that divine intelligence is at work here? Cuddlyable3 (talk) 18:51, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

Cute. The students are not meant to know them in advance, but the portion of "man" (i.e. humankind) that's writing the test certainly is. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 19:38, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

Also, there is a difference between "not meant to know" and "not meant to know yet" - which is what is happening in those three examples. SteveBaker (talk) 03:36, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Bugs—just a digression on the uncertainty principle. Bohr and Heisenberg said that UP implied that measuring certain types of information to certain degrees of precision was meaningless. Einstein said, "Nah, it just means you don't know how to measure it, but the info is out there somewhere, even if only God knows it." Bohr and Heisenberg say, "whatevah," and the issue was held to just be a philosophical difference for a long time after both were dead. But then this smart cat, John Bell, actually came up with a very clever (but hard to explain in plain terms) experiment that could actually distinguish between the different positions. These have since been run many times (see Bell test experiments), and the tentative answer so far is that Einstein was definitely wrong in this instance. There are a number of possible interpretations of what the results say positively, but negatively they come down pretty hard on Einstein. This is still pretty cutting edge stuff, but I just want to point out that it's entirely plausible—in fact the evidence as it stands points towards it—that the information is just not actually out there to know in the case of uncertainty principle. Which would put it in a very different category than "stuff we just don't know how to measure" (like your example of the speed of light... even though that was not too hard to measure to a reasonable degree once people thought up that they would like to measure it). Godel's theorem falls into the same category: it says something very fundamental about what truth itself even means in a real sense, and not just as the rough approximation that we usually mean when we say it. If Godel is right, then there are hard limits as to what truth can be implied in an ultimate (not just a human-centric) sense. Which is interesting, no? --Mr.98 (talk) 23:53, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

Godels' theorem is actually quite easy to understand (as mathematical theorems go) - I strongly recommend the book: "Gödel, Escher, Bach - The Eternal Golden Braid" which leads you gently through the proof and is definitely one of the five or six greatest books I've ever read. The first half of the book explains the theorem, the second half explores the consequences. It's pretty clear that there is no "if" Godel is right. He's right - mathematically. SteveBaker (talk) 03:36, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

You all are talking current theory. Prior to Einstein, everyone assumed time was absolute; and prior to Galileo, everyone thought that objects weighing X and 2X would fall at rates Y and 2Y. Whatever the thinking is "now" is not necessarily the "ultimate" truth, it's just all we know or can hypothesize at present. Scientific inquiry is not cast in stone. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 11:50, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Bugs—Godel is only wrong if basically all of math is wrong. It's pure logic. There's not a whole lot of a way out of it. And surely you can recognize the difference between a theory which describes behavior, and one that describes how the universe itself works. That's the point I was trying to make. If the theories that describe how the universe itself work are in fact true, it implies that the information is simply not there. I'm not arguing for or against quantum theory, but pointing out that if it is right, that has profound implications on what is inherently knowable. --Mr.98 (talk) 13:15, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

"Never say never" where science is concerned. As soon as you think you've got it all figured out... you're wrong. There's always something else out there. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 13:29, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

(Logic and science are not the same thing.) And again, I think you're either intentionally missing the point I was trying to convey, or unintentionally missing it. Take your pick. --Mr.98 (talk) 13:54, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

The idea seems to come from Tree of the knowledge of good and evil. 195.35.160.133 (talk) 15:01, 6 July 2010 (UTC) Martin.

Or a variant of Pandora's Box Googlemeister (talk) 16:31, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

The Necronomicon was never meant for the world of the living. I would start there. Comet Tuttle (talk) 16:52, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

Females have (so I am told) weird stuff that men aren't meant to know all about.[8][9][10][11][12].Cuddlyable3 (talk) 18:41, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

...and vice versa. Ghmyrtle (talk) 20:52, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

See Secret Women's Business. -- 202.142.129.66 (talk) 01:40, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

If you think this is purely the province of religion, then see Haldane's Law. --TammyMoet (talk) 19:03, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

What makes any of you think that we're actually meant to know anything? --Ludwigs2 00:14, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Maybe the question is a kōan.—Wavelength (talk) 01:56, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

See also the article about abstract art.—Wavelength (talk) 02:01, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Time

If an American show starts at "9/8c" what time is that in GMT? 82.43.90.93 (talk) 15:09, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

9 eastern time is normally UTC - 5, right? Except that this time of year it's UTC - 4, due to American clocks being set ahead an hour for daylight saving time. UTC doesn't use DST. So the depends on what time of year it is. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 15:12, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

Which I just confirmed by comparing the posted UTC with my computer clock. During daylight saving, as now, the eastern zone is UTC - 4 and the central zone is UTC - 5. During standard time, eastern zone would be UTC - 5 and central zone UTC - 6. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 15:15, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

So to answer the OP's question, during the summer a show at 9/8c would be on at 1 in the morning UTC (which is functionally the same as GMT, right?) and during the winter it would be at 2 in the morning UTC. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 15:21, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

If the OP really means to ask, "What time will the show start in the UK?", then he or she has to take into account British Summer Time (BST), which is in effect this month (as is its equivalent, daylight saving time, in the United States). So if the question is "What time will the show start in the UK?", the answer would be 2 in the morning during both summer and winter. (It would also be 2 in the morning most of the spring and autumn, except for the third and fourth weeks of March and the first week of November, when daylight saving time is in effect in the United States but summer time is not in effect in the UK. During those three weeks, the same show would come on at 1 in the morning in the UK.) Marco polo (talk) 17:29, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

To clarify one other detail, a U.S. show that starts at "9/8 Central" would start at 1:00 (a.m.) on the following calendar date, GMT/UTC. So if the U.S. show starts on a Tuesday evening, it will start very early Wednesday morning GMT. Marco polo (talk) 17:33, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

So far people have assumed that "9/8c" means 9:00 pm ET, 8:00 pm CT. There are two unjustified assumptions in that. First, the times could be AM. Then the UT time would be 13:00 or 14:00 (depending on the time of year as above).

Second and more important, it is common for the US networks to feed shows twice, once for the Eastern and Central time zones, and again 3 hours later for Pacific Time. "9/8c" usually means 9:00 ET or PT, 8:00 CT. So if it's summer and the show is at 9:00 PM ET, or 01:00 UT the next day, then it will typically be broadcast again for the Pacific time zone 3 hours later, at 9:00 PM PT or 04:00 UT. (The reason they don't advertise any time for the Mountain time zone, which is in between Central and Pacific, is that in that time zone practice varies from place to place and possibly from show to show.) --Anonymous, 18:56 UTC, July 6, 2010.

Standard practice on American TV would indicate 9 eastern and 8 central. It could be AM or PM, yes. And when it's on in the UK depends on what it is. If it's live coverage of the World Cup or something, then it would be on at 6 pacific, and 1 (am or pm) UTC. If it's a rebroadcast, all bets are off as regards UK coverage. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 19:36, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

Live coverage, that's different. "9/8c" is commonly used for other shows with the meaning I indicated. Nobody was asking about "when it's on in the UK". UK time isn't UTC during summer time anyway. --Anon, 7e/6c or 23:00 UTC, July 6, 2010.

The original question was, "If an American show starts at "9/8c" what time is that in GMT?" Assuming we can equate UTC to GMT, the answer is, "In summer, it's either 13:00 that same day, or 01:00 the next day, depending on whether 9/8c A.M. or P.M. is meant. In winter, it would be 14:00 that same day, or 02:00 the next day." ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 23:23, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

No, you are assuming that 9 means 9 Eastern. As I have explained, it usually means 9 Eastern or Pacific. --Anon, 05:44 UTC, July 7, 2010.

I've been watching American TV for decades, and in the Midwest at least, 9/8c always means "9 eastern, 8 central", which means they are actually on at the same absolute time. They seldom announce Pacific except when it's a live event: "9 eastern, 8 central, 6 pacific". They generally never announce mountain, for reasons discussed earlier. And if you're already in the pacific zone, there's no reason to list the central time schedule. "9/8c" meaning "9 pacific, 8 central", would be useless information on the west coast. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 11:43, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Maximum height for a cat flap

We have a cat, who sleeps in the garage and has a cat flap so she can go outside. At night we shut the door from the garage to the house, but during the day it is usually left open for her to come upstairs. I'd like to put another cat flap in it, so the door can be shut in the winter. Trouble is, that door meets an 18cm step on the inside. The cat flap on the garage side would have to be 18cm off the ground. Is that too high for an adult cat to push open? Cod Lover Oil (talk) 15:29, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

Well, so long as the cat has something to stand on in order to push the cat-flap open, you can have the flap anywhere, theoretically. If you can, why not attach a wooden step to the bottom of the door on the garage-side, enabling the cat to reach higher? 18cm is not very high, in my opinion, but it would depend on the size of your cat. --KägeTorä - (影虎) (TALK) 17:48, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

Even an elderly cat can climb stairs, and the rise from one step to the next is more than 18 cm. She'd have no problem with a cat door that far off the ground. --Anonymous, 18:58 UTC, July 6, 2010.

Where is this?

Where is this? Reticuli88 (talk) 17:56, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

Cape Town and Table Mountain. Mikenorton (talk) 18:02, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

It is also an astonishing 360-degree panorama for anyone who likes to take a look. Cuddlyable3 (talk) 18:26, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

That's pretty damn cool, is what that is. -FisherQueen (talk · contribs) 19:09, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

That is a pretty freaking amazing find! To be precise it looks likes the picture was taken from Signal Hill (since Table Mountain is actually in the image). You might also want to check out The highest definition picture of Cape Town ever taken. Zunaid 09:44, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

I'm not able to view this image in work due to system restrictions, but if it's as good as it sounds is it worth someone uploading it to wikipedia with the owner's permission, and maybe even presenting it to VPC of even FPC? Just a thought... Gazhiley (talk) 12:52, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

I found something just as brilliant: 360° panoramas of all the World Cup stadia. Zunaid 10:14, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Brilliant indeed! The clarity is amazing. The ability to zoom in across the stadium and actually see people in the seats with such definition is great. 10draftsdeep (talk) 13:54, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Is there a gardener in the house?

Dear all. We're both massive fans of gooseberries. We love those sour little beasties! I was raised on gooseberry jam, and introduced Wanda to the phenomenon that is the gooseberry on our first date. We've been growing two gooseberry bushes for the past three years - they're like a pet to me! Except not as noisy as one of those little flat-faced dogs. They've only started to bear fruit in this third season. However, one of our bushes has been struck by the dreaded gooseberry sawfly, who've eaten all the leaves off one bush, and are attacking the other. I'm distraught! I've only got a very old Readers Digest gardening book, which recommends I spray them with some kind of pesticide to kill the little blighters. I couldn't do that. We're sticking to organic principles in our garden, and neither of us could bring outselves to poison a caterpillar - I perhaps could if it has committed a horrible crime. So, is there any organic way we can remove the sawfly from our beloved bushes? Yours, Artie and Wanda (talk) 18:52, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

Again but slowly please Artie. What have little flat-faced dogs started to do? Cuddlyable3 (talk) 19:20, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

Spraying your bushes with urine might work, if that conforms to your organic principles. Cuddlyable3 (talk) 19:27, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

I don't think that urine is a deterrent to most insects, though, diluted and poured around the base of the plant, it can be a good fertilizer. However, there are ways to control pests organically. Have a look at this article, for example. There is also a useful article at the ehow dot com domain. After typing "http://www dot ehow dot com" (substituting actual dots for the words and deleting the spaces) insert the following text: "/how_4392945_control-sawflies-organically.html". (I have to give you the URL this way because Wikipedia has blacklisted the entire ehow domain, though this article seems worthy to me.) Both articles refer to nematodes, a type of tiny worm, which you can breed and which will attack and kill the caterpillars. Ultimately, you may have to choose between the caterpillars and the gooseberries. The second article mentions techniques that will help prevent the caterpillars from threatening your bushes in the first place. Marco polo (talk) 19:39, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

We live in an environment where all living things are striving to survive. They do this by eating and mating (slight oversimplification) The sawflies on your gooseberries are competing with you for that lovely vegetative resource. The sawflies operate at a pretty low intellectual level, like they'll keep eating until something or somebody removes them and/or kills them (or they move on to the next development stage). They probably think you planted the bushes for them. That is nature! You will have to remove them to stop them eating your gooseberry bushes and you can do this by several methods. First, ask them politely to leave. If that doesn't work then pick them off one by one, and transfer them to another gooseberry bush some mile or two hence. If that does not appeal to you then apply some larvacidal dust or liquid to kill them. Killing resource opponents is quite natural and occurs widely in nature. If you think that you are going to share your gooseberries with the sawflies then you will be disappointed - sawflies don't do sharing!! They'll eat all the leaves and let you have the underdeveloped fruit. I advise you to get a grip and deal with the little b*****ds. They are not a threatened species. Caesar's Daddy (talk) 07:15, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Encouraging insect eating birds, like sparrows, great tits and starlings to live and breed in your garden by setting up birdboxes may be beneficial, although of course it is too late in your current situation. --Saddhiyama (talk) 08:39, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Watch out, some bird like berries too. Googlemeister (talk) 15:00, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

wut do the other countries think of american football!!!!

Hi please. I would like to know please what the other countrys that play football (which is also called soccer) think of the American version of football. I woul espeially liek to read a funny essay by a british man or maybe from some other country who writes about a foreigner perception of football in a very humorous manner! If u know about an article or essay i can read about this thing I will be happy indeed thanks.--69.114.214.58 (talk) 19:07, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

Our article on American Football includes a section on its presence outside the United States. As for non-US commentary, the BBC runs a weekly NFL column. Its archives may be found here. — Lomn 20:51, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

One advantage of American football is that the spectators and players actually know how much time is left in the game. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 20:53, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

I don't get the above joke. Comet Tuttle (talk) 21:12, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

Unless they've changed the rules (I don't watch soccer unless I need to catch a nap), the only ones in the stadium who know the actual amount of time left in the period are the officials. It used to be that way in the NFL too. The NFL switched to using the stadium clock in 1970 or so. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 21:25, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

The World Cup stadia do not display the score or the time remaining in the game, which was a bone of contention in this week's Monday Morning Quarterback column. And yeah, Bugs is (more relevantly) correct about the indefinite game duration, too. — Lomn 21:26, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

(ec)Football_(soccer)#Duration_and_tie-breaking_methods may help. Cuddlyable3 (talk) 21:29, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

The contempt shown toward the fans, by refusing to inform them of the time remaining, is one reason to dislike soccer. Corrupt officiating is another. That's above and beyond how boring the game itself is, but the latter is obviously a matter of personal taste. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→

Knowing how much time left is, at least in the World Cup tournament, trivially easy for anyone with a wristwatch and a brain. Each half lasts 45 minutes plus added time for injury and stoppages, which is always a round number of minutes, rarely more that 5. The added time is both displayed by the Fourth Official and announced over the tannoy (stadium PA) at the end of the 45 minutes. The nature and scale of the game and pitch mean that, unlike some other sports such as Basketball, the exact number of seconds remaining to the whistle is rarely critical. The only significant uncertainty might be any extra added time the Referee decides to add for further injuries and stoppages during the added time itself, again rare. Where's the problem? 87.81.230.195 (talk) 08:19, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

I have a vague memory of some British commentator saying that American football was just rugby for wimps (all that padding, you know), but I can't place it for the life of me. --Ludwigs2 21:09, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

There's this - but, in general, I'm not sure that anyone outside the US really cares enough to make jokes about it. :-) Ghmyrtle (talk) 21:26, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

Certainly almost no one in the U.S. cares enough about soccer to make jokes out of it. What I said elsewhere here pretty much summarizes the situation. It's boring and corrupt, so why care? In any case, I think of Rugby as an improvement on soccer, and American Football as an improvement on Rugby. :) ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 00:27, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

The thing is Bugs...soccer is the single most popular field sport in the entire world...and not by some small measure. Your complaints may or may not be valid - but something like 99% of the world disagrees with you! I suspect that part of the reason is that any random group of kids with any kind of a ball (or even an empty soda can or a scrunched up sheet of newspaper) can play it. You can use two piles of rocks or two piles of coats for a goal - the game is fun with as few as 5 and as many as 20 players on each side and a 5 minute game is as much fun as an hour long game. You don't need any equipment to play - so even the poorest kids play it. And it's safe for kids of all ages - very few kids get hurt playing knock-around-soccer. When everyone grows up playing it - it becomes something you remain interested in into adulthood. SteveBaker (talk) 03:18, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Steve, it should be obvious that the USA has 5% of the population, so 99% does not disagree. Googlemeister (talk) 14:51, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

I don't question that soccer is a great game for kids to play. They can run around all day, and they don't have to be any particular size. And what you're describing is how the kids of the Dominican Republic play baseball when they have minimal equipment - they improvise with what they have or can find. I just don't find soccer interesting to watch, I don't like the clock mystery, and I don't understand the game's appeal in general, especially that shootout to determine a winner, which is about as "sissy" a way to determine a winner as I can imagine. But the game is slowly growing in popularity in the U.S. Cricket, on the other hand, is an excellent sport and is to India what soccer is to a lot of other countries. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 06:10, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

This compares American Football with Rugby, which is the usual approach when someone in Britain says anything about American Football. See also, this article which I'm sure I've seen better formatted somewhere. Here's someone allegedly explaining American Football, which might be the sort of thing you're after. 86.164.57.20 (talk) 22:09, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

Some Google searching should be able to find plenty of examples in forums and the like. There was a column on the Telegraph newspaper's website by a 20-something writer the paper had apparently hired to seem "down with the kids" that, in a very unintellectual way, derided the big American sports. Generally, if you scout the Internet for foreign views of American football, you find two major complaints: 1) The players are sissies because they wear all that padding, whereas rugby players don't and 2) The game is tedious because most of the time, the ball is not in play. The first criticism is, of course, absurd to anyone who is actually familiar with the game, which is perhaps the most brutal team sport on earth in terms of the physical pounding its players receive. The second attack on the sport is a logical response from someone used to watching sports like soccer or rugby where the action is continuous and has no idea what he's seeing when he turns on an NFL game and sees the players standing around in a huddle. What someone coming to the game with no context might not understand is that American football is made up of discrete segments called "plays" or "downs," which take place 25-40 seconds apart -- any faster and there would be no time to make substitutions and choose a play for the next down. This is intuitive to Americans who have grown up watching the sport, but you can imagine that if you come to it with no prior knowledge of the game, it would seem odd. And of course, NFL games have a ridiculous amount of commercial breaks, which are annoying even for Americans, but must be especially aggravating to a European used to watching sports with no ads except at halftime. -- Mwalcoff (talk) 22:24, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

American Football is, in some sense, the perfect sport for network television. You get fairly regularly spaced commercial breaks, and you've got a gazillion cameras covering everything so you can have 27 different replays of the guy "breaking the plane" or breaking someone's head. It's interesting to go to an NFL game "live" and observe it from the fan perspective instead of the TV perspective. It's not just a game, it's an event. And as with soccer, the fans are rowdy, at least by American standards. And as noted, we know how much time is left in the game. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 23:16, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

In Australia soccer is not football either, as the real football is Australian rules football or may be Rugby League or Rugby Union but the American football occasionally appears on TV, treated as a strange foreign sport. Graeme Bartlett (talk) 00:18, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

It always amuses me the fact that they call American "football" a sport that would be more aptly named American "handmelon". --Belchman (talk) 01:21, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

American football used to be more of a kicking game than it is now. Before they started producing quarterbacks that could throw 80-yard rainbows (i.e. before they slimmed down the ball to make forward passing easier), kicking to advance the ball downfield was a more common strategy, and scoring by dropkick was not so unusual. You'll see strategic kicking sometimes nowadays, too, for example with what they call a "pooch punt", although kicks on anything other than fourth down or end-of-half are quite rare. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 01:36, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

However, field goal and extra point kicking are still very important. In fact, the typical leading scorers in a given season are kickers. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 01:39, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Aha, I see. Thanks! --Belchman (talk) 01:58, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

In the UK, if we think about it at all (which we don't, much) we're deeply unimpressed. It's really just like Rugby football but with wussy helmets and lots more padding! Watch a really good pair of teams play Rugby - it's a VASTLY more dynamic, interesting game. The biggest issue with US football is that it's designed around TV adverts - so there are lots of stop-start plays, lots of standing around waiting for people to sell people stuff.

This seems to be a problem for almost all American sports. Basketball is just "netball" which 12 year old girls play in school in the UK. Baseball is just 'rounders' (which, again is predominantly a girls game in the UK). Even seemingly macho things like Nascar racing is just a boring oval track designed such as to allow the maximum paying audience to get the minimum amount of excitement - and it sucks all of the joy out of motorsports like rally driving, formula one and saloon car racing. Watching a bunch of wildly mismatched MINIs, Porsches and BMW's zip around Brand's hatch is incredibly exciting. Monster truck shows are...puzzling...going to one of them is well worth the experience, everyone needs to do that once - but I can't imagine wanting to see it twice. More accessible games are just as bad. Pool is just like Snooker and Billiards - but dumbed down with all of the cunning intellectual parts sucked out of it. My biggest disappointment is with my favorite sport "Air racing"...but sadly, US air racing has been deemed too dangerous so the airplanes fly around the course one at a time against the clock with restrictions on every manouver - rather than the swooping mad chaos it's supposed to be.

I suppose golf and tennis translate reasonably well.

SteveBaker (talk) 03:18, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

This reference desk is deteriorating into a discussion forum!!!! The OP was invalid!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by Caesar's Daddy (talk • contribs) 06:59, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

I don't understand why the time remaining in the game is so important to Bugs. There really is no great mystery as to the length of the game. The injury time (almost always less than 5 minutes) is well notified to the TV and live audiences towards the end of each half. Some competitions such as the World Cup have extra time and a penalty shootout to resolve tied scores for important games. Otherwise, a draw is a perfectly valid result; a result which gains fewer points than a win - the points are accumulated for position in the league.

As for american football, it amazes me that the clock is stopped after each play, such that it can take 3 hours to play a game of 4 x 15 minute quarters, and play is halted so suit TV advert schedules (what do the stadium crowd do while the ads are on TV?). Equally surprising the entire team can be swapped out, so the game is not really affected by fatigued players (extra time in football means playing on with the same players, and tiredness can become a large factor in the result). Astronaut (talk) 08:35, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

OK, as long as we're correcting one another on the rules, the clock is not stopped on every play. The clock is stopped on an incomplete forward pass, or when the ball goes out of bounds, and in a few rarer circumstances. When the ball carrier is brought down inside the field of play, the clock ordinarily continues running.

I do kind of agree on the substitution thing. My father "played both sides of the ball" in high school, as did everyone; at that time a player who was substituted for could not come back in the same quarter, or maybe the same half; not exactly sure. Would be cool to see a return of the legendary "sixty-minute man".

As for the reason the time remaining in a soccer game is so important to Bugs, I can't speak for him, but for me it feels very fishy — what if the time runs out during a scoring chance? I have heard that they will ordinarily not stop the game in the middle of a strong chance, but that seems awfully subjective for such an enormous determining factor. --Trovatore (talk) 09:43, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

I think you've just revealed what's really going on, and why they keep the time to themselves, and it is indeed contemptuous. It's got to do with how the officials control the game. The players and the fans are at the mercy of the officials' whims. By not letting the fans and players know precisely what's going on with the clock, they maintain their power - as well as leaving the door open for corruption, as we've seen. That might be the core problem with soccer in the USA - that referees are supposed to uphold the rules, not make up the rules as they go along. Being at the mercy of a "king" may be just fine in countries that love soccer, but in the USA it doesn't cut it. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 11:38, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

As long as we're trading nationalisms here, I'll permit myself to say that in my opinion American football is the greatest spectator sport ever invented. Emphasis on "spectator", because if I'm actually going to play, I'd rather play almost anything else.

The reason it's such a fascinating spectator sport is the concept of the "drive", which as far as I know does not exist in any other sport. A drive is a sustained effort towards a goal, that can last ten minutes or more with lots of mini-dramas inside it, but that can end at any moment in triumph (breaking through for a touchdown) or disaster (a turnover going for six the other way). Emotionally, football is a novel, whereas basketball or soccer (opposite ends of the scoring spectrum but similar in lengths of possessions) are collections of short stories. (In the case of soccer, most of the short stories don't really go anywhere.)

There are some sports that manage to get something similar to the profile of tension and catharsis provided by football by artifices of the scoring (tennis, volleyball with side-out scoring). Baseball has men on base attempting to steal, which has some of the same flavor, but just doesn't happen that often. Football really stands alone at the top of the heap in this regard. --Trovatore (talk) 08:46, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

As other editors have commented, what you're looking for is rugby football (either rugby union or rugby league), which combines the physical contact and "drive" aspects of American football - and quite frequent scoring - with an absence of physical padding and helmets, and an absence of advertising breaks. The downside may be that, once a significant lead has been established in a match, much of the tension of wondering who will win drains away. Ghmyrtle (talk) 09:05, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Rugby has drives? I don't think so. As I understand it, once you're stopped in rugby, you have to give up the ball. How can you have a drive in those conditions? --Trovatore (talk) 09:08, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Without getting into arcane questions of rules, it depends on which side has caused the play to be stopped (for instance, for foul play). In practice, pressure is often maintained in the same part of the field for periods of several minutes, despite technical stoppages - but if the attacking team infringes the rules, the pressure is indeed immediately relieved. Ghmyrtle (talk) 09:15, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

(ec) You are mistaken. The player tackled has to give up the ball, but the resulting ruck almost always leaves the ball back in the hands of the attacking team. Tackles leading to turnovers aren't much more common than in american football. (That's in Union; in League it's more formalized, with the ball being returned to the attacking team after each tackle until the sixth, when there's a turnover) Algebraist 09:17, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Hm, perhaps. I haven't really watched enough rugby to know.

Just the same, the division into discrete plays is also an advantage of football. It gives punctuation to the game and makes it more strategic, or at least makes it feel more strategic. And it gives you a chance to get up and get another beer, or hit the head. --Trovatore (talk) 09:27, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Thanks you to everyone who answer my question, especialy ppl who gave some quotes and links & things of this nature. [personal attack redacted] (u can delete this if it is to much incivility thx). I like the referene desk a lot. :-D --69.114.214.58 (talk) 13:17, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Bottom line: What needs to be done to clean up the Gulf?

It appears that there is a lot of stalling going on Reticuli88 (talk) 22:19, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

That is the billion-dollar question. Reality suggests that nobody actually knows the answer at this point, the blathering of pundits aside. I find very little reason to think that a complete affordable workable solution would be known but not be put into action at this point; thus, I conclude that nobody has a complete affordable workable solution. Note that there may be "solutions" that are complete but not affordable, or affordable but not workable, etc, etc. Certainly we're seeing many things that are affordable and workable but far from complete. — Lomn 22:23, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

The long-term solution is straightforward—nature will eventually clean itself; dilution overpowers all (with the exception of run-away problems). It's the question about what short-term things one wants to do, and what one can do that would have any significant effect. --Mr.98 (talk) 00:50, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Well, I wanted to agree with our OP - but when I searched for evidence, I found that it's not true. Let's break this down to the various stages of the process:

• When the oil is on the water, you can skim it off, burn it, or use chemical dispersants. Dispersants are pretty damaging to the sub-sea wildlife. Burning it produces thick black choking smoke - and doesn't work when the oil has be floating around for a while - or in high seas. Skimming is the best answer and they have something like 1000 ships in the area doing one or the other of those things - but the spill currently covers 2500 square miles - and new oil is still spewing out - so that's a gigantic task and no amount of effort will get it all. Most of those ships are converted fishing boats - which helps to keep the boat crews working - but means that the actual amount of oil they can scoop is somewhat limited.
• To try to stop oil from reaching the beaches and estuaries, you can deploy booms - there isn't enough boom in the entire world to cover the roughly 800 miles of coastline. BP bought and deployed every available section of boom that was for sale - and they are paying the companies that make boom to buy more machinery to quadruple their production - but that's not something that can happen quickly. They have three factories out in Florida repairing damaged boom - which is a full-time job because booms are liable to be damaged in 6' waves. People who claimed that BP had piles of boom that wasn't being deployed were seeing damaged boom that was stacked waiting for repair. However, all the boom in the world won't stop the oil in 6' seas - so this is too is only a partial solution.
• They have crews out on the ocean inspecting every incoming ship to see if it's oil fouled and they are spraying the oil off of those that are and doing more complicated decontamination procedures for more serious cases. That stops oil from incoming ships from getting closer to the shores...but adds yet more nasty chemicals into the ocean.
• When the oil hits the beaches, it's pretty much a manual job to clean the stuff up - as of mid-June there were over 20,000 people employed on that task and they are evidently still recruiting. There are about 1000 people employed and another 1000 volunteers cleaning birds and turtles - but I've heard that they don't have enough work to keep them all busy because more birds are coming in dead than alive.
• When oil hits the wetlands, marshes and everglades, there is very little (if anything) that can be done. It's widely agreed that going in there with boats, machinery or even just a lot of people will do more harm than good, dispersants will kill the plants for 100% sure, so that won't work. The idea of making sand burms to block the oil was initially thought to be a smart idea - but with high seas they are ineffective - and in any case there is concern that constructing them causes yet more destruction by undermining the ocean bottoms and stopping the tidal waters from getting nutrients into these places. Basically the best thing you can do is nothing at all.

You need to recalibrate your expectations.

If we look at the history of this kind of thing, getting it shut off in 6 months would be an utter miracle given that the underwater gusher in the Ixtoc I oil spill took the Pemex oil company 9 months to shut off - and that was a much smaller flow at lower pressures and in just 120' of water!

The cleanup is going to take a decade or more. The Exxon Valdez oil spill - which was much less oil and in an equally environmentally sensitive area. That happened in 1989 and despite an army of cleaners, the amount of oil on the beaches declined by only 4% per year.

The fisheries may never recover. A study done 20 years after Exxon Valdez concluded that it would take another 30 years for the area to recover fully. However, that was entirely a surface spill - this one is characterized by layers of sub-surface oil propagating along at depth...we have literally no idea what that will do. We know that some species of deep-water algae will prosper by consuming the oil - but will consume most of the oxygen in the water as a consequence and then be poisonous to animals that eat algae. That suggests a much worse situation than the Exxon spill.

The bottom line is that the only thing that could have been done to substantively improve this situation would have been to not have the disaster in the first place - or to have pre-drilled relief wells on a "just in case" basis - or any number of things that seem obvious with 20/20 hindsight. Given that it's too late for any of those things, we're basically screwed.

But claiming that not enough is being done is a bit of a stretch I think. I recommend going into this with an open mind and reading [13]

SteveBaker (talk) 02:46, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Just curious here: Why was the site of the sunken rig not surrounded with booms and the skimmer ships sent in, back in April (within a week or so of the initial explosion)? If they has done that the slick wouldn't have spread to 2500 sq miles, it wouldn't be threatening 800 miles of coastline, and they wouldn't have had to order the boom makers to step up production 4-fold. While it might not have caught all the oil, or the layers of sub-surface oil, but it would certainly made it much easier to begin to clean it up. Astronaut (talk) 08:05, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Napoleon

How tall was Napoleon? --138.110.206.99 (talk) 23:46, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

He was 5'7, not really short at all (especially given that people were generally shorter back then due to poor nutrition). See Napoleon#Image. He did become very fat later in his career, which will have made him appear shorter. Cod Lover Oil (talk) 23:54, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

5'7"? That's the same height as Empoleon... --138.110.206.99 (talk) 00:11, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

I once read he was 5'2" or 62 inches. However, if one takes 62 French pouces (each 2.71 cm compared to the 2.54 cm long British inches), you get 1.68 m (about 5'7" in British and US measures). Astronaut (talk) 05:31, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Fail-deadly systems outside the military

Are there any real situations outside the military (and other armed security forces) where some technology or procedure is designed to fail-deadly, imposing an automatic punishment on whoever is likely to have caused the failure? Not necessarily something that would hurt anyone or physically destroy stuff, but something that would have an obvious negative effect on the (perceived) guilty party. Cod Lover Oil (talk) 23:50, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

How about those dye packs they put in bags of money at banks to spray blue stuff over whoever steals them? Maybe the snake nut can as punishment for people who try to eat your nuts? SteveBaker (talk) 00:47, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Security measures at banks are arranged by armed security forces so do not qualify. Any non-lethal non-military Booby trap such as some Practical joke devices sets up a situation where an easily lured person causes a negative effect on themself. Cuddlyable3 (talk) 10:26, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Several years back (in the nineties) when I was in primary school, there was this plague of kids peeing in swimming pools. The authorities responded with some chemical mixed with the water that was supposed to colour the urine or water around the culprit red once they had started peeing. At that time (I was half the age I am now) we were awed and it was heavily discussed, however, having never seen the actual effect with my eyes, I cannot say whether this was actually implemented. The stuff Steve mentions is/was (supposed to be) used with postmen bearing larger sums of money (it is still commonplace here for postmen to deliver i. e. old age benefit money to the elderly on a monthly basis, as many, many people don't have a bank account), but from what I discovered (by asking) this is usually not the case. --Ouro (blah blah) 11:14, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Snopes says nopes to there being any reality to the pool pee chemicals. Just a story told to scare kids. --Mr.98 (talk) 11:23, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

For me the essence of "fail deadly" is the not that it is a booby trap but that it is a mechanism by which the presumed absence of something puts into effect negative consequences. The only example I can think of in a civilian sector at the moment is in the transport of nuclear materials. At least in the 1970s (I assume there is something similar today), if you were transporting an armored car full of plutonium from a reprocessing plant to somewhere else, a guard on the truck had to call in every two hours on a schedule to say that they hadn't been hijacked. The goal of this was that if the van was hijacked, they'd miss their call, and they'd know that something was up and send out a million cops. That's "fail-deadly" in the classic sense. I wouldn't be surprised if it wasn't used for other, similarly valuable cargo as well, especially in days when long-range, persistent communications were difficult. (Today you'd just use cell phones or satellite communications, I'd imagine).

Going from that example, the other thing that comes to mine are various forms of software licensing control. I use programs through my university which need to "phone home" periodically to make sure that I am still properly licensed to use them. (It has to do with the way the university bulk-licenses the software.) Presumably if the software can't phone home at the right time, it'll close itself down. That's fairly "fail-deadly" as well.

The classic movie example is the cop or spy or criminal saying, "If they don't hear from me in an hour, they kill the hostage/rush in with guns/say disparaging things about your mother."

I see this kind of distinction as important and quite different than a regular booby trap or just imposed set of consequences. "Fail-deadly" is about a system that is supposed to operate in a specific way and if it fails to operate, negative consequences start into motion. So not like most booby traps or snake nut cans at all (which are just deliberate traps). The goal of a "fail-deadly" system is to keep functioning in the non-failing state, ideally. The punishment is a secondary effect. --Mr.98 (talk) 11:30, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Jenga? Googlemeister (talk) 14:43, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

July 7

accomodation for post-grad in Philadelphia PA, Ithaca NY and Northampton MA

My partner (Germany based) is planning to do some post-graduate research in Philadelphia, Ithaca and Northampton for a couple of months. Our problem is that we do not know how and where to find an accomodation, like a students' dorm or whatever there is. Does anyone know if there are colleges/universities that offer accomodation for foreign post-grad students or if there would be another possibility at a reasonable price, like pensions whose rent can be afforded for some weeks? I've never been to the US, so I'm kind of clueless where to start searching. Thanks in advance. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.123.196.55 (talk) 08:43, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

I would expect each university to have an office that supports international students or researchers; I suggest starting with them, because they probably deal with people in your situation all the time. For example, assuming that the Ithaca institution is Cornell, there's an International Students and Scholars Office. -- Coneslayer (talk) 15:02, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

What do the other countries think about Germans?

I would really like to know. I have read so many articles portraying them as Nazis, which to my mind (I am mixed-race, Eurasian, so I think I qualify for an opion about this; however I never went to the regions that are known to be "Nazi-Regions", not sure if they exist or if this just is an urban myth, but better not try to find that out) they are not.

Our teachers told us, that people from other nations in many cases think persons from Germany would be impolite, because we have what is called "negative politeness". So if Germans think that something is what other people would call "superb, outstanding, great", they just say "it is not bad". Let's assume a persons just won a competition and he tells his friends about it, they say "Oh, not bad", that could actually be the highest price. However I was told that if I ever would tell an American so, he would be deeply offended. We were strongly adviced not to use this "not bad" when around persons, who did not grew up in Germany, because they would not get it. Do you think Germans are impolite?-- Greatgreenwhale (talk) 09:30, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

From the US here--I don't think Americans tend to think of Germans as impolite. For some reason the French tend to get tagged that way much more than Germans. Stereotypes aside, the Germans I have met, and the Americans I know who have many more German friends than I, seem to find Germans interesting, at least as polite as Americans (which might not be saying a lot!)...and perhaps, stereotypically again, focused, innovative, careful, and maybe even terse, maybe a bit odd. Perhaps I'm biased by knowing odd people who have made friends who odd Germans, but the ones I've met are friendly, happy, and a bit weird, in a good way. Certainly not Nazis. I'm sure there are neo-Nazis in Germany, but we have them here too in the US, home-grown. I doubt many Americans think of modern Germany as having much to do with World War II Nazi Germany. Same with Japan, for what it's worth. An enemy in World War Two, but today a fascinating place and culture. As for the phrase "oh, not bad", I can see how that might not come off well in English, depending on tone. An obvious alternative would be to say "good!" instead of "not bad". Pfly (talk) 10:09, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Having never really met anyone from Germany (other than my Grandmother...i'll leave her out of this) i can only describe what i see as a stereotype. In the films that i have seen that have a "German" character, most are portrayed as being either harsh, rude, short-tempered, they lack sympathy, or bascially show no signs of human emotion other than anger. I don't believe most Americans actually believe this to be true. I frequently hear the saying "not bad" in compliments so i don't think anyone from America would be offended by that saying. Drummerdavid (talk) 10:37, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

I'm lost on your "not bad" story. So, I'll just try to answer the title question and your last question about politeness. I'm in the US. Americans have a stereotype about Germans being focused (fixated possibly) on matters of protocol. Which I can understand. I don't feel they're impolite though. Maybe a bit stoic which may come off as being impolite to some people. FYI, my brother lives in Germany and married a German. I've been there a few times. I do have one friend who is a Jew and refuses to ever visit Germany because of the Nazis. She's in her 20s and is able to realize that she's stereotyping modern Germans harshly but is also not willing to set aside her quirk. Dismas|^(talk) 10:45, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

(ec) Aside from the fact that I believe this is not a Reference Desk question, I can throw in my two cents. Over here one will find several dissonant portrayals of Germans: a people ready to undertake new ventures and carry them out with order, a nation who is responsible of destroying the lives of at least one generation, a people who are despised because they play football too well... well, I must say, as a person who had travelled the length and width of Germany, and who had met many Germans young and old, and had lived there for a while - they really are ready to undertake obligations, they really do know how to maintain order in their ranks, but on the other hand they know how to make the rules a bit loose and have fun from time to time. They know how to plan out their work exactly and will follow their plan through to the letter, in an orderly, if not always efficient manner. They make great beer and are usually proud of this. There are some who avoid discussing history, still others I have met are more than eager to talk about it with foreigners like myself. They definitely are not impolite, maybe sometimes harsh and terse, but this is to be related rather to their efficiency than unkindness. Most are skilled at what they do and understand that one needs work to earn bread, and to earn better bread - one must be more skilled than average. They are also not easily impressed - but when impressed, they will show respect for you. --Ouro (blah blah) 10:50, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Well-stated. I would add that (1) "Not bad" is very commonly heard, especially in the American midwest, and is considered a compliment; people will even solicit compliments by saying of something they did, "Not bad, eh?" (2) Germany is slowly extricating itself from its Nazi stereotype. Despite that stereotype, I don't think most Americans really believe it, it's just kind of a joke. Nearly all Germans I've run into are quite nice and amiable - especially from the point of view of us Midwesterners, who are typically from Northern European stock also and generally have a closer cultural connection with "efficient" Germans than with "touchy-feely" French and other Latins. (How's that for some stereotyping?) ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 11:18, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

This is just an answer for pfly, as the other answers were not there when I started answering. Anyway, thanks for so many answers. Our teacher told us, that our "not bad" or "quite nice" would translate the "great" or "fantastic" or "outstanding" in america. As a person raised in Germany somehow I have always trouble calling something "great", it is just a word we do not use very often.

Same goes for words such as "horrible", "desaster" and so on. We have been told by our teachers that if we complained that we have been treated "not very nice" people just would not get it, we should always tell that we received "horrible treatment" in that case.

Also we were told that we always must call other grown-ups "Sir" or "Ma'am", which is not too common in Germany and that we should always "beg another persons pardon", when we wanted to talk with him... so if you want to aks an american you don't know something always start the conversation with "I am begging, your pardon, Sir, but could you tell me..." or "Good day, Sir, begging your pardon, but could you tell me... , Sir", while in Germany that would be "Excuse me, could you tell me..." and if another person would ever "beg my pardon", I would think he was kidding me (unless of course if he was English or American, because I have been told they do so all the time). Actually the only times when I beg peoples pardon when talking German is when I want to offend them (that however does not mean all Germans act like this, some really mean it if they beg your pardon).

A little bit odd. May be we are. That reminds me of something that happened back when I was in school. We had an american student joining us for a year... and he never could tell when we were joking. One day I made an "invention". I put some marsmellows on my marmelade bread, calling it the marshmellow-marmelade-bread. My classmates (who wanted to tease me) called me a "scientist of genius" for inventing great things like that and I said I was sure I would be awarded the nobel-prize one day. That american boy somehow thought that I was being serious and started complaining how stuck up I was to believe that I would be awarded the nobel-prize and when a class-mate said "Oh, I really really think he was being serious" that confused him even more.

I don't know, may be he was not the sharpest knife in the drawer or americans just don't get the fact that Germans sometimes say the opposite of what they mean + Germans often make jokes while putting on a straight face (would spoil the joke if they would laugh all the time is what they think) and I realized a lot of people (especially souther europeans) never get this. Seems not to be very common in their culture.-- Greatgreenwhale (talk) 11:13, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

There is somewhat of a generational thing going on in America. In my (older) generation, "not bad" means "good". "Great" or "fantastic" or "outstanding" seem excessive, even though I'll admit to using those terms more than I should. They're like sales hype, and are overused. It's like when a ballplayer makes a better-than-average play, and some announcer says, "Unbelievable!" Gimme a break! The "beg your pardon, sir/ma'am", or just "sir/ma'am", when trying to get someone's attention seems to still be in fashion here, and has been for a long time. It's a way to get their attention, possibly interrupting what they're doing while also conveying an intent to be polite, laying some positive groundwork - as opposed to, "Hey, you!" which is not very polite among strangers. In regard to your last point, Americans (in my generation, at least) fully understand irony. Don't rule out the possibly that he was yanking your chain at the same time you were yanking his. (Although don't rule out that he was indeed a dim bulb.) This gets back to cultural commonality between Northern Europeans and the USA - or at least the Northern part of the USA. Don't forget there is a strong cultural divide between North and South still. JFK was reported to have said, "Washington DC is a city of northern charm and southern efficiency." And there you have a good American ironic joke in the German tradition. :) ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 11:32, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

As for "not bad," it's not at all uncommon for other languages/cultures to feel that being too enthusiastic about things is a problem, and that Americans go really overboard. I know that in my Russian language classes we were generally told that if someone says, "how are you doing?" the proper (expected) response is, "Normal." If you say, "I'm great!", you'd better have a good story behind it, or you are inviting trouble. If you say, "Not good," then your mother better have just died. In the USA, we expect everyone to be "fine, thanks," and if someone doesn't say our food is the "best damned thing they ever put in my mouth" then we're hurt and shocked.

I generally only interact with Germans abroad in academic settings and they are universally polite, soft-spoken, and articulate. This is obviously a selection issue—some kind of acceptable academic behavior. Japanese here (USA) have a reputation for being quiet, polite, and exceptionally excited about tourism and technology. Again, there must be a lot more variety than that. In Germany itself, it is clear that German society looks, at least superficially (who is walking around on the street) about as heterogeneous as most of American society, these days. (In Southern Germany I saw people of all colors and all religions happily mulling about in public squares, chattering on in German, Turkish, you name it.) --Mr.98 (talk) 11:38, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

In the UK, we still have quite a strong Nazi stereotype of Germans. Most people do know that it's not true anymore, but it's still what we tend to think of. However we also see Germans as well-educated, polite, efficient and hardworking, but (again, unfairly from what I've seen) a bit short of a sense of humour. Oh, and annoyingly good at football :-) Cod Lover Oil (talk) 11:43, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

I think that, in the UK, the "Nazi stereotyping" is still true only of those who still remember WWII (not many left), and a proportion of those who have never met any actual Germans. (Of course, the media still like to play on those stereotypes, and the stereotypes of ruthless efficiency, etc., but usually for comic effect rather than to reflect real opinions.) Those of us in the UK who have met German people, in more recent times, generally find them polite, humane and articulate, as others have said. Ghmyrtle (talk) 12:30, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Just for everyone's amusement and education, I recommend this ca.1965 recording [14] which was only 20 years after WWII and fear of Germany was still very much current. A few things have changed since then, but the stereotype has not totally gone away. (Never mind that, given his surname, Tom Lehrer himself might well be of German ancestry.) ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 12:55, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

Just as an aside, I don't think fear of Germans was very current in the mid-1960s. Apprehensions about giving Germans nuclear weapons certainly existed, and that is what Lehrer is invoking specifically. In fact the entire humor of Lehrer is based on the fact that we suddenly became great friends with the Germans after WWII, even though the Nazi thing was still fairly recent. (Another relevant Lehrer song is his one about Wernher von Braun.) The fact that we actually contemplated giving Germans (via NATO) control over nuclear arms in Europe speaks legions at how little they were feared, in fact. It would not have been politically viable in the least if they were still considered Nazis. --Mr.98 (talk) 13:52, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

There was an excellent comedy program back in the 1970s here in the UK, about an English language school in London. It was centred on a single class, full of students from all different corners of the earth, complete with extremely stereotypical personalities for each nationality. I seem to remember there being a German student in the group, too. If you're interested in stereotypes on TV (slightly different from stereotypes in real life, which again are different from actual real life), then you may want to check it out. The TV program was called Mind Your Language. --KägeTorä - (影虎) (TALK) 13:03, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

...just so long as people realise that it was made over 30 years ago, was regarded by many as embarrassingly outdated even then, and was extremely unfunny (and certainly anything but "excellent" - was that irony?). Ghmyrtle (talk) 13:39, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

poems for a school child to recite

Hi, Can you please name a few poems that a child of 12/13 can recite for a competition? It shouldn't be too old like Shakespeare or too new like Auden (not even Eliot) nor should it be Lewis Carrol or Lear. It should be brief as it will have to be memorised. The more rhythmic the better. It is also for a child who learns English as second language. Can you please list a few? --117.204.93.27 (talk) 12:16, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

I remember a book, Committed to Memory: 100 Best Poems to Memorize, that I thought was chock-full of good choices. The comments section at the amazon page seems to name-check a lot of the good choices. -FisherQueen (talk · contribs) 12:20, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

There is a poem that begins "Tell me not in mournful number/"Life is but a waking dream"/For the soul is dead that slumbers/And things are not what they seem", which is my favourite poem, and which I think this child would appreciate. I can't find it online though!--TammyMoet (talk) 13:28, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

In case the questioner doesn't know it, I recommend this site, which has hundreds of thousands of poems, discussion forums and so forth. Ghmyrtle (talk) 13:29, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

I'd urge the OP not to insist too strongly on "brief;" there's both added value and added interest in a longer poem. Works like The Highwayman, The Charge of the Light Brigade, and Mending Wall have stories, internal rhythms, and structures to attract interest and help sustain memory, even when the child is using a non-native language. Keep in mind that memorization is better fostered by short, spaced practice than by longer, less frequent effort. (One trick is to memorize verses starting with the last -- e.g., memorize verse 6, then versus 5 and 6, then 4, 5, and 6 -- each new verse serves as a trigger for recalling the later, more familiar one that follows it.) Another possible resource is the Poetry Out Loud project. --- OtherDave (talk) 13:48, 7 July 2010 (UTC)