Older Southern American English
The Old Virginia accent is one that is primarily heard in Southern American English, especially in the Commonwealth of Virginia. An Old Virginia accent takes a strong southern accent, and adds typical words that are pronounced differently, such as "out" and "house."
There are varieties of an Old Virginia accent, varying from strong to weak. One with a weak Old Virginia accent will have a southern accent accompanied by a slight drawl to the ending of words.
Characteristics
Southern and south midland accent characteristics include:[1]
- "drawl" [lengthening, fronting, and raising vowels]
- /ai/ > /æ:/ in find, mind
- /oi/ > /o/ in boil, oil
- /u:/ > /yu:/ in due, tuesday
- au/ > /æu/ in out, doubt
- /e/ > /ei/ in bed, head
- /e/ > /i/ in pen, ten
- greasy > greazy
- carry > tote
- dragged > drug
- you > you all, y’all
History
As the "original" colonies, Virginia and Massachusetts were settled mostly by people from Southern England, especially London.
The Boston, Massachusetts, Richmond, Virginia and Charleston, South Carolina areas maintained strong commercial and cultural ties to England. Thus, the colonists and their descendants defined "class" according to London's connotation. As the upper class London dialect changed, the dialects of the upper class Americans in these areas changed. One example, is the "r-dropping" of the late 1700’s and early 1800’s, resulting in the similar "r-dropping" found in Boston and parts of Virginia today.[1]
Famous Old Virginia accents
Some famous people who speak with this accent are U.S. Congressman Virgil Goode and Mayor of Richmond and past-Governor of Virginia L. Douglas Wilder.
External links
- Example of an old Virginia accent spoken by a Richmond, Virginia native, featured in the George Mason University Linguistics program Speech Accent Archive.
- "Dialects of English," by Dr. C. George Boeree, featuring Southern and south midland accent of American English
- "Virginia’s Many Voices," Fairfax County, Virginia Library
- International Dialects of English Archive, "Dialects Of Virginia"
- "A National Map of the Regional Dialects of American English," by William Labov, Sharon Ash and Charles Boberg, The Linguistics Laboratory in the Department of Linguistics at University of Pennsylvania