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Douglas Chandler

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Douglas Chandler (May 26, 1889 [1] – unknown) was an American broadcaster of Nazi propaganda during World War II. He was convicted of treason in 1947, sentenced to life imprisonment and released in 1963.

Biography

Chandler was an officer in the U. S. Navy in World War I and later worked as a newspaperman in Baltimore.

He was ruined in the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and "fed up to the chin with the Depression and the miasma that was enveloping Washington" .[2] He moved from the U.S. to France and then to Germany in 1931. There he worked as a journalist showing Nazi Germany in an ideal light and contributing on this theme to the National Geographic Magazine.[3]

Propaganda for Nazi Germany

From April 1941, Chandler broadcast Nazi propaganda from Berlin for the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft, German State Radio, working as a commentator in its U. S. A. Zone. When the United States declared war on Nazi Germany on December 11, 1941, American citizens were repatriated by the U. S. Government but Chandler chose to stay on.

Chandler broadcast to the United States under the pseudonym "Paul Revere".[4] His programs began with the sound of clattering hooves and the song Yankee Doodle and were mainly anti-Roosevelt and anti-Semitic in content. He appealed to Americans to 'throw off tyranny' and to isolationist sentiment. He also asserted that government in Washington was under the control of Jewish advisers.

Chandler became known as America's Lord Haw-Haw due to his cultivated American voice.[5][6] Though he had become a convinced Nazi, his activities were not motivated by idealism alone. He was paid $3,200 a month as a broadcaster, putting him in the top six on the RRG’s payroll.[7]

Towards the end of 1943, due to the increased Allied bombing of Berlin, Chandler was relocated first to Vienna and then to Munich where he made his last broadcasts sometime in February 1945.

Arrest

Chandler was taken into custody by the U.S. Army at his home in Durach, Bavaria in May 1945, but he was released on October 23, 1945. He was then rearrested by the US Army on or about March 12, 1946, at the request of the Department of Justice.[8]

He was then flown to the United States to stand trial, arriving on December 14, 1946.

Trial

On July 26, 1943 Chandler along with Fred W. Kaltenbach, Jane Anderson, Edward Delaney, Constance Drexel, Robert Henry Best, Max Otto Koischwitz and Ezra Pound had been indicted in absentia by a District of Columbia grand jury on charges of treason.[9]

Chandler stood trial at the Boston Federal District Court on June 6, 1947. He entered a defense of insanity[10] due to paranoia[11] and did not testify at his trial. The prosecution mainly relied on the evidence provided by recordings of Chandler's wartime broadcasts from Germany recorded by the Federal Communications Commission station at Silver Hill, Maryland, to show his active participation in propaganda activities against the United States.[12]

Chandler was found guilty of all ten counts of treason on June 28, 1947.[13][14][15][16] He was fined $10,000 and sentenced to life imprisonment. On conviction for treason, Chandler also automatically lost his U. S. citizenship.[17] His subsequent appeal was denied.[18][19]

Release

After 16 years’ imprisonment Chandler’s sentence was commuted by President John F. Kennedy on condition he immediately leave the United States. He was released from the federal penitentiary at Lewisburg, Pennsylvania on August 9, 1963[20] and returned to Germany.

See also

References

  1. ^ http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=U3rJxPYT32MC&pg=PA53&lpg=PA53&dq=%22DOUGLAS+CHANDLER%22+treason&source=bl&ots=oofh98BELZ&sig=ZDXpJ3l3ehUnvwO_In5jI066Glg&hl=en&ei=6I6KTIXzJoSQjAfc4Y2rBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CCQQ6AEwBDgK#v=onepage&q=%22DOUGLAS%20CHANDLER%22%20treason&f=false
  2. ^ http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,795376-1,00.html Radio: Hi-Yo, Chandler! – TIME Magazine, Jun. 09, 1941
  3. ^ http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=EYtCuqAb_boC&pg=PA58&lpg=PA58&dq=%22DOUGLAS+CHANDLER%22+GERMANY&source=bl&ots=TYfWJhPRUc&sig=4NiFcZsCGB7dqZo74E37swKLNs4&hl=en&ei=oG6KTLPjCpGUjAfEzoywBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CCUQ6AEwBDgK#v=onepage&q=%22DOUGLAS%20CHANDLER%22%20GERMANY&f=false
  4. ^ http://research.archives.gov/description/2188111 Propaganda Broadcast by "Paul Revere", 09/09/1941 - National Archives Online Public Access
  5. ^ http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,934617,00.html#ixzz0z9H08f66 TREASON: American Lord Haw-Haw – TIME Magazine, Jul. 07, 1947
  6. ^ http://www.archives.gov/research/military/ww2/sound-recordings.html
  7. ^ http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/courant/access/874989362.html?dids=874989362:874989362&FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:AI&type=historic&date=Jun+07%2C+1947&author=&pub=Hartford+Courant&desc=%27Paul+Revere%27+Got+%243200+Monthly+For+Nazi+Broadcasts&pqatl=google 'Paul Revere' Got $3200 Monthly For Nazi Broadcasts - The Hartford Courant, June 7, 1947
  8. ^ http://www.loislaw.com/livepublish8923/doclink.htp?alias=F1CASE&cite=171+F.2d+921
  9. ^ http://www.justice.gov/criminal/foia/records/ezra-pound-p4.pdf
  10. ^ http://news.google.co.uk/newspapers?id=sdcKAAAAIBAJ&sjid=3k4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4205,862855&dq=douglas-chandler&hl=en Psychiatrists Claim Treason Suspect Insane - St. Petersburg Times, Jun 25, 1947
  11. ^ http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KUUpAAAAIBAJ&sjid=9WYFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3362,7236207&dq=douglas-chandler+paranoia&hl=en Testify Chandler Insane - Lewiston Evening Journal, June 21, 1947
  12. ^ http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=4EhPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7U4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=5422,919325&dq=douglas-chandler&hl=en Chandler Radio Broadcast Used At His Treason Trial - St. Petersburg Times, June 12, 1947
  13. ^ http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50D1EF83E58147B93C5A9178DD85F438485F9&scp=11&sq=%22Douglas%20Chandler%22&st=cse TRIAL OF CHANDLER FOR TREASON OPENS; 17 Germans, Former Members of Nazi Radio Office, Will Testify Against Him – NY Times, June 07, 1947
  14. ^ http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F20815FF3F5E17738DDDA00A94DE405B8788F1D3&scp=17&sq=%22Douglas%20Chandler%22&st=cse CHANDLER GUILTY IN TREASON CASE; Baltimore Writer, Convicted by U.S. Jury at Boston, Faces Death by Hanging - NY Times, June 28, 1947
  15. ^ http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,934617,00.html#ixzz0z9H08f66 TREASON: American Lord Haw-Haw – TIME Magazine, Jul. 07, 1947
  16. ^ http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,795376-1,00.html Radio: Hi-Yo, Chandler! – TIME Magazine, Jun. 09, 1941
  17. ^ http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tCIaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-iMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6571,2132122&dq=douglas-chandler&hl=en Treason Case Judge Levies 10,000 Fine. Loss Of Citizenship... - The Milwaukee Journal, March 25, 1949
  18. ^ http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=aIkwAAAAIBAJ&sjid=eOEFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3013,5424071&dq=douglas-chandler&hl=en Court Won't Review Case - Tri City Herald, February 28, 1949
  19. ^ http://www.loislaw.com/livepublish8923/doclink.htp?alias=F1CASE&cite=171+F.2d+921 CHANDLER v. UNITED STATES, 171 F.2d 921 (1st Cir. 1948)
  20. ^ http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/1908449892.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Aug+10%2C+1963&author=&pub=Boston+Globe+%281960-1979%29&desc=JFK+Pardon+Frees+Nazi-Voice+Chandler&pqatl=google JFK Pardon Frees Nazi-Voice Chandler - Boston Globe, August 10, 1963

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