Campobasso
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2013) |
Campobasso | |
|---|---|
| Comune di Campobasso | |
 | |
 Flag | |
Location of Campobasso  | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Molise |
| Province | Campobasso (CB) |
| Frazioni | Santo Stefano |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Antonio Battista (Democratic) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 55 km2 (21 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 701 m (2,300 ft) |
| Population (November 2008)[2] | |
| • Total | 51,255 |
| • Density | 930/km2 (2,400/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Campobassani |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 86100 |
| Dialing code | 0874 |
| Patron saint | St. George |
| Saint day | April 23 |
| Website | Official website |
Campobasso (IPA: [kämpoˈbäsːo] ; Campobassan dialect Cambuàsce, IPA [kambuˈwaʃʃə]) is a city and comune in central/southern Italy, the capital of the Molise region and of the province of Campobasso. It is located in the high basin of the Biferno river, surrounded by the Sannio and Matese mountains. The ancient name of the city was "Campus Dius Canes".
Campobasso is renowned for the craftsmanship of blades (including scissors and knives), a fact well documented since the 14th century. It is also famous for the production of pears and scamorza (cheese). The city is the home of the University of Molise and of the Archdiocese of Campobasso-Boiano.
History
The origins of Campobasso are disputed. According to the most widely held theory, the city was founded by the Lombards before the 8th century as a fortified camp on the slope of the hill where the castle stands.[citation needed] The original name was Campus vassorum, suggesting that the city was the seat of the vassals of the Duke of Spoleto.
After the Norman conquest of Southern Italy, Campobasso lost its importance as a defensive stronghold, but became a significant trading and administration centre.[citation needed]
From 1330 to 1745 the city was ruled by the Monforte-Gambatesa family, who built the castle and established a mint. Later it came under the control of the Di Capua, Gonzaga, Vitagliano, Carafa and Romano families.[citation needed]
The original old town of Campobasso contains the Castello Monforte, although in 1732 the inhabitants built a new town on a lower-level plain.[3] In 1763 the citizens abandoned the old city and settled in the lower valley. The current city was expanded in 1814 by the King of Naples Joachim Murat, and lies on the Campo Basso ("Low field").[citation needed]
Campobasso was the scene of heavy fighting during the Second World War. In the months of October and November 1943 a battle between the German and the Canadian troops for possession of the city caused the destruction of many public buildings, including the City Hall and the archives held there. Thirty eight civilians were killed in the action, including the bishop of the diocese, Bishop Secondo Bologna, and an unknown number of people were injured in the intensive bombardment.[citation needed] The occupation by the Canadian troops, and the administrative and political control resulting, had such an impact on the town that it became known as “Canada Town” or “Maple Leaf City”.[citation needed]
In 1995 the city was awarded the Bronze Medal for Civil Valour in recognition of the hard work done in clearing the region of dangerous unexploded warheads, a task that lasted well into 1948.[citation needed]
Main sights
One of the mains attractions of Campobasso is the Castello Monforte, built in 1450 by the local ruler Nicola II Monforte, over Lombard or Norman ruins. The castle has Guelph merlons and stands on a commanding point, where traces of ancient settlements (including Samnite walls) have been found. The current construction is the result of later rebuilding after the earthquakes of 1456 and 1805.
Next to the castle is the Chiesa della Madonna del Monte (Santa Maria Maggiore), erected in the 11th century and rebuilt in 1525. It houses a precious wooden statue of the Incoronata from 1334. Below the castle, the church of St. George is probably the oldest in Campobasso, built around the year 1000 AD over the ruins of a Pagan temple.
The Cathedral, or Chiesa della Santissima Trinità (Church of the Holy Trinity), was built in 1504 outside the city walls. It was destroyed by an earthquake in 1805 and a new Neoclassical edifice was built in 1829.
The church of San Bartolomeo is a Romanesque building from the 11th century, in limestone. The interior has a nave and two aisles.
San Leonardo (14th century) has a façade mixing Gothic and Romanesque elements, and a side mullioned window with vegetable decorations influenced by the Apulian architecture of the period.
Villa de Capoa, recently restored, is a noteworthy garden with statues and a wide variety of plant species, including sequoias, Norway Spruces, cypresses and Lebanon Cedars.
International relations
Twin towns — Sister cities
Campobasso is twinned with:
Ottawa, Canada
Lezhë, Albania
Frontera Hidalgo, Mexico
Mahopac, United States
Vladimir, Russia
Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina[4]
Transportation
Railways
Campobasso railway station, which is managed by Centostazioni, is located in the centre of the city at the junction of two lines: that from Termoli to Vairano and the branch from Benevento.
Roads and highways
Road traffic is regulated by the State Roa Sannitica, by the State Road SS645 Del Tappino and by the State Road 647 Fondo Valle del Biferno.
Recently the Molise region and the Anas have been unified into the Autostrade del Molise S.p.A. to complete the Termoli - San Vittore Highway which will connect the city to San Vittore del Lazio, reducing travel times from and to Rome.
Public transport
The urban public transport consists of 23 lines of autobus managed by the SEAC company.
Geography
Climate
Situated 701 metres (2,300 ft) above sea level and close to the Apennine Mountains, Campobasso is considered one of the coldest cities of central/southern Italy. It has an oceanic climate (Cfb, according to the Köppen climate classification), with an average temperature of about 12 °C (54 °F), with winter to summer ranging from 2 to 22 °C (36 to 72 °F) on average. During the winter, snowfalls are frequent. The wettest time of year is the autumn with about 81 millimetres (3.2 in) of rain each November.
| Climate data for Campobasso | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.4 (61.5) |
20.0 (68.0) |
22.6 (72.7) |
25.0 (77.0) |
30.0 (86.0) |
34.6 (94.3) |
37.4 (99.3) |
36.4 (97.5) |
33.6 (92.5) |
27.6 (81.7) |
22.4 (72.3) |
19.0 (66.2) |
37.4 (99.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.0 (44.6) |
7.5 (45.5) |
10.2 (50.4) |
13.4 (56.1) |
18.9 (66.0) |
23.2 (73.8) |
26.5 (79.7) |
26.6 (79.9) |
22.1 (71.8) |
16.7 (62.1) |
11.1 (52.0) |
8.1 (46.6) |
15.9 (60.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.3 (39.7) |
4.4 (39.9) |
6.7 (44.1) |
9.6 (49.3) |
14.7 (58.5) |
18.7 (65.7) |
21.7 (71.1) |
21.9 (71.4) |
18.0 (64.4) |
13.3 (55.9) |
8.3 (46.9) |
5.5 (41.9) |
12.3 (54.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.6 (34.9) |
1.4 (34.5) |
3.2 (37.8) |
5.8 (42.4) |
10.6 (51.1) |
14.1 (57.4) |
17.0 (62.6) |
17.2 (63.0) |
13.8 (56.8) |
9.9 (49.8) |
5.4 (41.7) |
2.9 (37.2) |
8.6 (47.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −9.6 (14.7) |
−7.6 (18.3) |
−8.8 (16.2) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
2.6 (36.7) |
5.0 (41.0) |
7.8 (46.0) |
8.0 (46.4) |
2.0 (35.6) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
−5.8 (21.6) |
−8.0 (17.6) |
−9.6 (14.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 50.3 (1.98) |
55.8 (2.20) |
45.2 (1.78) |
51.7 (2.04) |
44.8 (1.76) |
32.6 (1.28) |
28.6 (1.13) |
36.2 (1.43) |
40.5 (1.59) |
48.9 (1.93) |
72.2 (2.84) |
53.4 (2.10) |
560.2 (22.06) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.3 | 8.4 | 7.7 | 8.4 | 6.5 | 5.4 | 3.6 | 4.8 | 6.0 | 7.2 | 8.9 | 7.6 | 81.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 74 | 76 | 72 | 68 | 67 | 63 | 58 | 59 | 66 | 74 | 80 | 79 | 70 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 114.7 | 98.9 | 139.5 | 171.0 | 207.7 | 237.0 | 275.9 | 260.4 | 213.0 | 161.2 | 126.0 | 108.5 | 2,113.8 |
| Source: Servizio Meteorologico (humidity and sun, 1961–1990)[5][6] | |||||||||||||
Notable people
See also
References
- ^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- ^ "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- ^ "Campobasso". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
- ^ Градови партнери. Administrative Office of the City of Banja Luka (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 2011-09-17. Retrieved 2013-08-09.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help) - ^ "Campobasso (CB)" (PDF). Atlante climatico. Servizio Meteorologico. Retrieved December 5, 2014.
- ^ "STAZIONE 252 CAMPOBASSO: medie mensili periodo 61 - 90". Servizio Meteorologico. Retrieved December 5, 2014.
External links
Media related to Campobasso at Wikimedia Commons