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1972 South Korean presidential election

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1972 South Korean presidential election
Presidential election
← 1971 23 December 1972 1978 →
2,359 Deputies of the Reunification Assembly
1,180 votes needed to win
 
Nominee Park Chung-hee
Party Democratic Republican
Electoral vote 2,357
Reunification Council election
5 December 1972
Party Leader Vote % Seats
Independents Park Chung-hee (de facto) 100% 2,359
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
President before election

Park Chung-hee
Democratic Republican

Elected President

Park Chung-hee
Democratic Republican

Presidential elections were held in South Korea in December 1972 following the promulgation of the Yushin Constitution, which created the National Council for Reunification, a body whose functions included being an electoral college for presidential elections. Incumbent President Park Chung-hee claimed that Western-style liberal democracy would bring more chaos to the economically-struggling nation than it could afford. In contrast, he argued that the Yushin system created a "Korean-style democracy" with a strong, unchallenged presidency. He argued this system was necessary to keep the country stable.[1]

National Council for Reunification election

The 2,359 deputies to the first National Council for Reunification were elected to their six-year term on 5 December 1972, with a voter turnout of 70%. All candidates were required to run as independents. The Constitution gave the body many powers, such as forming policies related to inter-Korean relationship, and determining the president as well as one-third of the National Assembly. However, the body was little more than a figurehead, as all of its actions were controlled by the president.[2]

Region Electorate Turnout % Valid votes Deputies
Seoul 3,113,767 1,773,454 57.0 1,702,369 303
Busan 941,884 642,641 68.2 622,823 104
Gyeonggi 1,664,447 1,154,711 69.4 1,123,083 280
Gangwon 788,276 629,915 79.9 613,395 145
North Chungcheong 602,554 461,547 76.6 447,557 127
South Chungcheong 1,278,743 924,874 72.3 900,402 231
North Jeolla 1,092,516 838,211 76.7 810,011 200
South Jeolla 1,636,382 1,174,364 71.8 1,138,441 312
North Gyeongsang 1,970,647 1,507,092 76.5 1,457,409 354
South Gyeongsang 1,339,583 1,038,388 77.5 1,009,869 278
Jeju 170,818 138,596 81.1 135,242 25
Total 14,599,617 10,283,793 70.4 9,960,601 2,359

The newly sworn-in deputies of the National Council for Reunification convened on 23 December to elect Park to a fourth term as president. With no opposition candidates, Park was elected with the support of 2,357 out of the 2,359 delegates.[3] The elections were regarded as a formality.[4]

Presidential election

In order to be elected, a candidate had to receive the vote of over 50% of the incumbent members of the National Council for Reunification. With 2,359 deputies in office, Park had to receive at least 1,180 votes to be elected. He received 2,357 votes, 99.92% of the total possible.

As there was only one candidate registered, the only way the deputies could vote against Park was by casting invalid ballots. One of the two deputies who did that, Song Dong-heon from Daejeon-1 District, revealed later in his life that he purposefully wrote "Park Chung-ee" instead of Park Chung-hee on his ballot in order to protest the dictatorial regime.[5]

Candidate Party Votes %
Park Chung-hee Democratic Republican Party 2,357 99.92
Invalid/blank votes 2 –
Total 2,359 100
Electors/turnout 2,359 100

References

  1. ^ "주체사상과 한국적 민주주의는 왜 나왔을까 - 매일경제". mk.co.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 2019-03-29.
  2. ^ 기자, 김덕련 전 (2016-06-08). "99.9% 박정희 옹립한 북한식 거수기들, 그 실체는…". www.pressian.com (in Korean). Retrieved 2019-03-29.
  3. ^ Korea Annual, 1978. Hapdong News Agency. p. 51.
  4. ^ Shelley, B. (2005) Democratic Development in East Asia. Psychology Press. p. 78.
  5. ^ Song, Seong-bin. "Stories Behind 1972 Presidential Election: Indirect Election, Told By Then-Deputy Song Dong-heon." Study of Home Province, South Chungcheong Home Province Research Association.
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