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Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein

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For the ship, see SS Augusta Victoria (1888).
Not to be confused with Augusta Victoria of Hohenzollern.
Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein
Augusta Victoria in 1888
German Empress consort
Queen consort of Prussia
Tenure15 June 1888 – 9 November 1918
Born(1858-10-22)22 October 1858
Dolzig Palace, Brandenburg, Kingdom of Prussia
(now Dłużek, Poland)
Died11 April 1921(1921-04-11) (aged 62)
Huis Doorn, Kingdom of the Netherlands
Burial19 April 1921
Antique Temple, Potsdam, Germany
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1881)​
Issue
Names
German: Auguste Viktoria Friederike Luise Feodora Jenny
HouseSchleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
FatherFrederick VIII, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein
MotherPrincess Adelheid of Hohenlohe-Langenburg

Augusta Viktoria of Schleswig-Holstein VA (Auguste Viktoria Friederike Luise Feodora Jenny; 22 October 1858 – 11 April 1921) was the last German Empress and Queen of Prussia by marriage to Wilhelm II, German Emperor.

Biography

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Early life and family

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Dolzig Castle, Sammlung Duncker
Primkenau Castle

Augusta Victoria was born at Dolzig Castle, the eldest daughter of Frederick VIII, future Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, and Princess Adelheid of Hohenlohe-Langenburg,[1] a niece of Queen Victoria, through Victoria's half-sister Feodora. She grew up at Dolzig until the death of her grandfather, Christian August II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, in 1869. The family then moved to Castle Primkenau and the estate her father had inherited. She was known within her family as Dona.[2]

Crown Princess

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On 27 February 1881, Augusta married her half-second cousin Prince Wilhelm of Prussia. Augusta's maternal grandmother Princess Feodora of Leiningen was the half-sister of Queen Victoria, who was Wilhelm's maternal grandmother.

Wilhelm had earlier proposed to his first cousin, Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine (known in the family as "Ella"), a daughter of his mother's own sister, but she declined. He did not react well, and was adamant that he would soon marry another princess.

Wilhelm's family was originally against the marriage with Augusta Victoria, whose father was not even a sovereign. However, Chancellor Otto von Bismarck was a strong proponent of the marriage, believing that it would end the dispute between the Prussian government and Augusta's father.[3] In the end, Wilhelm's intransigence, the support of Bismarck, and a determination to move beyond the rejection of his proposal to Ella, led the reluctant imperial family to give official consent.

Empress

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Augusta was known as "Dona" within the family. She had a somewhat lukewarm relationship with her mother-in-law, Victoria, who had hoped that Dona would help to heal the rift between herself and Wilhelm; this was not to be the case. The empress was also annoyed that the title of head of the Red Cross went to Dona, who had no nursing or charity experience or inclination (though in her memoirs, Princess Viktoria Luise paints a different picture, stating that her mother loved charity work). Augusta often took pleasure in snubbing her mother-in-law, usually small incidents, such as telling her that she would be wearing a different dress than the one Victoria recommended, that she would not be riding to get her figure back after childbirth as Wilhelm had no intention of stopping at one son, and informing her that Augusta's daughter, Viktoria, was not named after her (though, again, in her memoirs, Viktoria Luise states that she was named after both her grandmother and her great-grandmother, Queen Victoria).

Augusta and her mother-in-law grew closer for a few years when Wilhelm became emperor, as Augusta was often lonely while he was away on military exercises and turned to her mother-in-law for the companionship of rank, although she never left her children alone with her lest they be influenced by her well-known liberalism. Nevertheless, the two were often seen riding in a carriage together. Augusta was at Victoria's bedside when she died of breast cancer in 1901.

Augusta also had less than cordial relationships with some of Wilhelm's sisters, particularly the recently married Crown Princess Sophie of Greece. In 1890, when Sophie announced her intention to convert to Greek Orthodoxy, Dona summoned her and told her that if she did so, not only would Wilhelm find it unacceptable as the head of the Evangelical State Church of Prussia's older Provinces, but she would be barred from Germany and her soul would end up in Hell. Sophie replied that it was her business whether or not she did. Augusta became hysterical and gave birth prematurely to her son, Prince Joachim, as a result of which she was overprotective of him for the rest of his life, believing that he was too delicate. Evidently, so did Emperor Wilhelm; he wrote to his mother that if the baby had died, Sophie would have murdered it.

Later life

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In 1920, the shock of exile and abdication, combined with the breakdown of Joachim's marriage and his subsequent suicide, proved too much for Augusta's health. She died in 1921, in Huis Doorn at Doorn in the Netherlands. Wilhelm, still reeling over the same losses, was devastated by her death. The Weimar Republic allowed her remains to be transported back to Germany, where they still lie in the Temple of Antiquities, not far from the New Palace, Potsdam. Because he was not permitted to enter Germany, Wilhelm could accompany his wife on her last journey only as far as the German border. She was buried in Antique Temple, Sanssouci Park, Potsdam, Germany.

Issue

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Augusta gave birth to seven children by Wilhelm II:

In literature

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The funeral of Augusta Victoria is reflected upon in the novel by Katherine Anne Porter, Ship of Fools. In it, a German passenger silently reminisces on the funeral and its cinematic showing to a small colony of Germans living abroad in Mexico and describes the outpouring of public grief that was seen within that community. Augusta Victoria's passing is viewed among Germans who lived through the First World War as the ending of a great epoch, the conclusion of which forever divorces them from their maternal country and enshrines Augusta Victoria as a venerable saint and symbol of a Germany long past.[4]

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  • German State Prussia, Wedding Medal 1881 Prince Wilhelm and Auguste Victoria, obverse.
    German State Prussia, Wedding Medal 1881 Prince Wilhelm and Auguste Victoria, obverse.
  • The reverse shows the couple in Medieval costumes in front of 3 squires carrying the shields of Prussia, Germany, and Schleswig-Holstein.
    The reverse shows the couple in Medieval costumes in front of 3 squires carrying the shields of Prussia, Germany, and Schleswig-Holstein.
  • Portrait of the Queen of Prussia, by Philip de László, 1908.
    Portrait of the Queen of Prussia, by Philip de László, 1908.
  • With daughter Princess Viktoria Luise of Prussia, Berlin (1911)
    With daughter Princess Viktoria Luise of Prussia, Berlin (1911)

Honours

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Imperial monogram
National honours[5]
Foreign honours[5]

Arms

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  • Coat of Arms of Empress Augusta Victoria
    Coat of Arms of Empress Augusta Victoria
  • Imperial Monogram of Empress Augusta Victoria
    Imperial Monogram of Empress Augusta Victoria
  • Variation of Empress Augusta Victoria's Monogram
    Variation of Empress Augusta Victoria's Monogram
  • Monogram of the Königin Augusta Garde-Grenadier-Regiment Nr.4
    Monogram of the Königin Augusta Garde-Grenadier-Regiment Nr.4

Ancestry

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See also

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'Kaiserin Auguste 'Viktoria', Lambert 1891

References

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  1. ^ Gothaisches genealogisches Taschenbuch nebst diplomatisch-statistischem Jahrbuch: 1873 (in German). Gotha. 1873. p. 30. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
  2. ^ Littell, Eliakim; Littell, Robert S. (1921). "The Last Hohenzollern Empress". The Daily Telegraph. 309. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
  3. ^ Radziwill, p. 30.
  4. ^ Porter, Katharine Anne (1984). Ship of Fools. New York: Back Bay Books/Little, Brown and Company. pp. 81-82. ISBN 978-0-316-71390-0.
  5. ^ a b Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Preußen (1886–87), Genealogy p. 2
  6. ^ a b c d "Empress Augusta Victoria wearing Orders and Decorations". C7.alamy.com. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
  7. ^ "Image" (JPG). C7.alamy.com. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
  8. ^ "Image" (JPG). C7.alamy.com. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
  9. ^ "Image" (JPG). C7.alamy.com. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
  10. ^ "Image" (JPG). C7.alamy.com. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
  11. ^ a b c d "Empress Augusta Victoria wearing decorations". S3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com. Archived from the original on 24 February 2017. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
  12. ^ "Rote Kreuz-Medaille", Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (in German), Berlin, 1895, p. 268 – via hathitrust.org{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  13. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1907), "Königliche Orden" p. 136
  14. ^ "Ritter-orden", Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie, Vienna: Druck und Verlag der K.K. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, 1918, p. 328
  15. ^ "Image". Media.gettyimages.com. Archived from the original (JPG) on 27 March 2018. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
  16. ^ "Guía Oficial de España". Guía Oficial de España: 166. 1887. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
  17. ^ 刑部芳則 (2017). 明治時代の勲章外交儀礼 (PDF) (in Japanese). 明治聖徳記念学会紀要. p. 157.
  18. ^ "Court Circular". The Times. No. 36808. London. 1 July 1902. p. 3.
  19. ^ Joseph Whitaker (1894). An Almanack for the Year of Our Lord ... J. Whitaker. p. 112.

Sources

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  • Radziwill, Catherine (1915). The Royal Marriage Market of Europe. New York: Funk and Wagnalls Company. ISBN 1-4589-9988-2.
  • Van der Kiste, John: The last German Empress: A life of Empress Augusta Victoria, Consort of Emperor William II. CreateSpace, 2015
  • Thomas Weiberg: … wie immer Deine Dona. Verlobung und Hochzeit des letzten deutschen Kaiserpaares. Isensee-Verlag, Oldenburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-89995-406-7.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Augusta Viktoria of Schleswig-Holstein.
Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein
Cadet branch of the House of Oldenburg
Born: 22 October 1858 Died: 11 April 1921
German royalty
Preceded by German Empress consort
Queen consort of Prussia
15 June 1888 – 9 November 1918 		Monarchy abolished
Titles in pretence
Loss of title
 — TITULAR —
German Empress consort
Queen consort of Prussia
9 November 1918 – 11 April 1921 		Vacant
Title next held by
Princess Hermine Reuss of Greiz
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