Department of Junín

Junín

Departamento de Junín (Spanish)
Sunin suyu (Quechua)
Junín Departamento de Junín (Spanish); Sunin suyu (Quechua)
Department
	View of the Andes Mountains
	Flag Seal
	Location of the Junín Region in Peru
	Coordinates: 11°29′S 74°59′W / 11.48°S 74.98°W
Country	Peru
Subdivisions	9 provinces and 123 districts
Capital	Huancayo
Government
• Governor	Zósimo Cárdenas Muje ; (2023–actuality)
Area
• Total	44,197.23 km2 (17,064.65 sq mi)
Highest elevation	4,818 m (15,807 ft)
Population (2017)
• Total	1,246,038
• Density	28/km2 (73/sq mi)
UBIGEO	12
Dialing code	064
ISO 3166 code	PE-JUN
Principal resources	Potato, coffee, fruit, silver, zinc, lead.
Website	www.regionjunin.gob.pe

Junín (Spanish pronunciation: [xuˈnin]) is a department and region in the central highlands and westernmost Peruvian Amazon. Its capital is Huancayo.

Geography

The region has a very heterogeneous topography. The western range located near the border with the Lima Region, has snowy and ice-covered peaks. On the east, there are high glacier valleys which end up in high plateaus (Altiplano). Among them is the Junín Plateau that is located between the cities of La Oroya and Cerro de Pasco.

The Mantaro Valley becomes wider before Jauja up to the limit with the Huancavelica Region. This area concentrates a large share of the region's population. Towards the east, near the jungle, there is an abundance of narrow and deep canyons, with highly inclined hillsides, covered by woods under low-lying clouds.

The Waytapallana mountain range is located in the south central area of the region. This range holds a great fault which is the reason earthquakes happen in the area. The upper jungle, with valleys of great length, modelled by the Tulumayu, Pawqartampu, Perené and Ene rivers, is located on the eastern side of the region.

Lake Junin, the largest lake entirely within Peru, is located in the region, except for its northernmost tip which belongs to the Pasco Region. Junín Region is also home to Mount Toromocho.

It is rich in minerals, including silver, copper, mercury, bismuth, molybdenum, lead and coal.^[1]

Boundaries

The Junín Region borders the regions of Pasco in the north, Ucayali in the northeast and Cusco in the east. The Mantaro River marks the border of the region with the Ayacucho and Huancavelica regions in the south and in the west it is bordered by the Lima Region.

Climate

The Junín Region has an average annual temperature of 13.1 °C (56 °F), a maximum high of 17 °C (62 °F) and a minimum low of 0 °C (32 °F).

The rainy season runs from November to April, and from December to March in tropical areas.

Political division

The region is divided into nine provinces (Spanish: provincias, singular: provincia), which are composed of 123 districts (distritos, singular: distrito). The provinces and their capitals are:

Province	Seat
Chanchamayo	Chanchamayo
Chupaca	Chupaca
Concepción	Concepción
Huancayo	Huancayo
Jauja	Jauja
Junín	Junín
Satipo	Satipo
Tarma	Tarma
Yauli	La Oroya

Demographics

Languages

According to the 2007 Peru Census, the language learnt first by most of the residents was Spanish (86.63%) followed by Quechua (9.29%). The Quechua varieties spoken in Junín are Huanca Quechua (in the Southwest), Yaru Quechua (in the Northwest, especially in Tarma Province). The following table shows the results concerning the language learnt first in the Junín Region by province:^[2]

Province	Quechua	Aymara	Asháninka	Another native language	Spanish	Foreign language	Deaf or mute	Total
Chupaca	3,162	17	9	135	45,616	2	80	49,021
Concepción	3,986	18	8	47	52,293	5	113	56,470
Chanchamayo	14,723	131	5,965	729	136,580	17	201	158,346
Huancayo	52,904	286	119	494	386,622	84	428	440,937
Jauja	1,903	33	11	10	84,776	3	170	86,906
Junín	4,418	24	2	6	24,254	-	20	28,724
Satipo	18,433	264	30,945	6,148	122,661	19	186	178,656
Tarma	5,657	24	9	57	100,309	11	150	106,217
Yauli	1,826	21	4	37	45,050	6	36	46,980
Total	107,012	818	37,072	7,663	998,161	147	1,384	1,152,257
%	9.29	0.07	3.22	0.67	86.63	0.01	0.12	100.00

History

Until the arrival of the Incas the eastern plains of the Junín region, known in Quechua as "Pampas," were inhabited by the Yanesha' and the Asháninka people, who lived a hunter-gatherer lifestyle and tended to be hostile towards outsiders. Meanwhile, the southwestern Mantaro Valley was inhabited by the Huancas. Sapa Inca Pachacuti conquered this region in 1460, bringing it under the domain of the Inca Empire. Huancayo became the region's main highway rest stop on the Inca Trail.

Woolen mills (known in Spanish as "obrajes" or "mills") were created during the viceroyalty, where the tissue and its craft became a tradition that continues today. On September 13, 1825, Simón Bolívar issued a decree creating what is now the Junín Region, to commemorate his victory in the Battle of Junín, the last real cavalry charge in South America where no shot was fired. Major events of national importance occurred during this period: Huancayo hosted the Assembly that issued the 1839 Constitution and on December 3, 1854, Ramón Castilla signed a decree that granted freedom to Afro-Peruvian slaves.

Places of interest

Sources

^ One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Junin". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 556.
^ inei.gob.pe Archived 2013-01-27 at the Wayback Machine INEI, Peru, Censos Nacionales 2007

External links

Gobierno Regional Junín – Junín Regional Government official website

[1] One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Junin". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 556.

[2] .gob.pe Archived 2013-01-27 at the Wayback Machine INEI, Peru, Censos Nacionales 2007

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