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'{{other uses|Viana do Castelo (disambiguation)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}} {{Infobox Portuguese subdivision | type = municipality |official_name = |image_flag = Pt-vct2.png |image_shield = COA of Viana do Castelo.svg | image_skyline = {{Photomontage | photo2a = Viana do Castelo, Portugal-1 (8610169337) (cropped).jpg | photo3a = Misericordia (Praça da República).jpg | photo3b = Viana do Castelo - panoramio (59) (cropped).jpg | photo3c = Viana do Castelo (2019) 09.jpg | photo1a = Viana do Castelo (cropped).JPG | spacing = 2 | position = center | color_border = white | color = white | size = 280 | foot_montage = }} |image_location = LocalVianaDoCastelo.svg |region = [[Norte Region, Portugal|Norte]] |CIM = [[Alto Minho]] |district = [[Viana do Castelo District|Viana do Castelo]] |parishes = |leader_name = José Maria Costa |leader_party = [[Socialist Party (Portugal)|PS]] |coordinates = {{coord|41|42|N|8|50|W|type:adm1st_region:PT_dim:100000|display=inline,title}} |elevation =12 |elevation_min =0 |elevation_max =825 |area_total = 319.02 |population_as_of = 2011 |population_total = 88725 |patron = [[Blessed Virgin Mary|Nossa Senhora da Agonia]] |postal_code = 4904 |area_code = 258 |website = http://www.cm-viana-castelo.pt }} '''Viana do Castelo''' ({{IPA-pt|viˈɐnɐ ðu kɐʃˈtɛlu|-|Pt-pt Viana do Castelo FF.ogg}}) is a [[concelho|municipality]] and seat of the district of [[Viana do Castelo District|Viana do Castelo]] in the [[Norte Region, Portugal|Norte Region]] of [[Portugal]]. The population in 2011 was 88,725,<ref name=ine>[http://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xlang=en&xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&indOcorrCod=0005889&contexto=pi&selTab=tab0 Instituto Nacional de Estatística]</ref> in an area of 319.02&nbsp;km².<ref name=dgt>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dgterritorio.pt/cartografia_e_geodesia/cartografia/carta_administrativa_oficial_de_portugal_caop_/caop__download_/carta_administrativa_oficial_de_portugal___versao_2017__em_vigor_/ |title=Áreas das freguesias, concelhos, distritos e país |access-date=5 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105172426/http://www.dgterritorio.pt/cartografia_e_geodesia/cartografia/carta_administrativa_oficial_de_portugal_caop_/caop__download_/carta_administrativa_oficial_de_portugal___versao_2017__em_vigor_/ |archive-date=5 November 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The urbanized area of the municipality, comprising the city, has a population of approximately 36,148 inhabitants, although the extended densely populated region reaches surrounding municipalities like [[Caminha]] and [[Ponte de Lima]] with a population above 150,000 inhabitants. It is located on [[the Portuguese Way]] path, an alternative path of the [[Camino de Santiago]], and at the mouth of the [[Lima river]]. ==History== Human settlement in the region of Viana began during the [[Mesolithic#Europe|Mesolithic era]], from discoveries and archaeological excavations. Even around the Roman occupation the area was settled along the Mount of Santa Luzia. The settlement of ''Viana da Foz do [[Lima River|Lima]]'', which it was called when King [[Afonso III of Portugal]] issued a [[foral]] (''charter'') on 18 July 1258, was a formalization of the 1253 ''Viana'' that the area was named. In the 16th century, its port gained great importance as one of the entry-points for Portuguese explorers and traders, involved in the [[Age of Discovery|Portuguese discoveries]]. Many of the historical buildings originated during this period. The prosperity that continued developed from the town's role as a port, protected by defensive structures (such as the Tower of Roqueta) to repel pirates from Galicia and north Africa. The port's ties to northern Europe came primarily from exports of wine, fruits and salt, and imports of tile, textiles and glass. After the maritime discoveries and trade, the commercial life of Viana reached its greatest proportions during the reign of Queen Maria II of Portugal, when the monarch established the ''Associação Comercial de Viana do Castelo'' in 1852 (the fourth oldest public company of its type). The queen, in order to reward the loyalty of its citizens, who did not surrender to the Count of Antas, elevated the town to the status of city on 20 January 1848, renaming the settlement with its current name. ==Geography== {| border="0" cellpadding="20" cellspacing="0" style="float:right;" | {{stack| {{Historical populations |title = Population of<br />Viana do Castelo<br /><small>(1801{{snd}}2011)</small> | 1801 | 17889 | 1849 | 36084 | 1900 | 47311 | 1930 | 53380 | 1960 | 75320 | 1981 | 81009 | 1991 | 83095 | 2001 | 88631 | 2011 | 88725 }} }} |} Administratively, the municipality is divided into 27 civil parishes (''[[freguesia (Portugal)|freguesias]]''):<ref>{{cite web|title=Law nr. 11-A/2013, pages 552 127-128|url=http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/2013/01/01901/0000200147.pdf |access-date=4 August 2014|author=Diário da República|author-link=Diário da República|language=pt}}</ref> {{Div col}} * [[Afife]] * Alvarães * Amonde * [[Anha]] * [[Areosa]] * [[Barroselas e Carvoeiro]] * Cardielos e Serreleis * Carreço * Castelo do Neiva * [[Chafé]] * [[Darque]] * Freixieiro de Soutelo * Geraz do Lima (Santa Maria, Santa Leocádia e Moreira) e Deão * Lanheses * Mazarefes e Vila Fria * Montaria * Mujães * Nogueira, Meixedo e Vilar de Murteda * Outeiro * Perre * Santa Marta de Portuzelo * São Romão de Neiva * Subportela, Deocriste e Portela Susã * Torre e Vila Mou * Viana do Castelo (Santa Maria Maior e Monserrate) e Meadela * Vila de Punhe * Vila Franca {{Div col end}} {{wide image|Panorâmica de Viana.jpg|1000px|Panoramic view of Viana do Castelo, Portugal}} ===Climate=== Viana do Castelo has a [[Warm-summer Mediterranean climate]] with substantial [[oceanic climate|oceanic]] influences characterized by warm, relatively dry summers and mild, rainy winters. It is also the dullest and one of the rainiest cities in [[Continental Portugal]]. {{Weather box |location = Viana do Castelo (Meadela) |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 24.0 |Feb record high C = 25.0 |Mar record high C = 30.5 |Apr record high C = 31.6 |May record high C = 35.6 |Jun record high C = 38.6 |Jul record high C = 38.0 |Aug record high C = 39.5 |Sep record high C = 36.4 |Oct record high C = 32.6 |Nov record high C = 26.2 |Dec record high C = 24.6 |year record high C = 39.5 |Jan high C = 14.6 |Feb high C = 15.5 |Mar high C = 17.9 |Apr high C = 18.5 |May high C = 20.7 |Jun high C = 24.5 |Jul high C = 26.3 |Aug high C = 26.4 |Sep high C = 24.8 |Oct high C = 20.9 |Nov high C = 17.4 |Dec high C = 15.2 |year high C = |Jan mean C = 9.8 |Feb mean C = 10.5 |Mar mean C = 12.7 |Apr mean C = 13.7 |May mean C = 15.9 |Jun mean C = 19.2 |Jul mean C = 20.8 |Aug mean C = 20.8 |Sep mean C = 19.2 |Oct mean C = 16.1 |Nov mean C = 12.8 |Dec mean C = 10.8 |year mean C = |Jan low C = 4.9 |Feb low C = 5.5 |Mar low C = 7.4 |Apr low C = 8.8 |May low C = 11.1 |Jun low C = 13.9 |Jul low C = 15.3 |Aug low C = 15.1 |Sep low C = 13.7 |Oct low C = 11.2 |Nov low C = 8.1 |Dec low C = 6.4 |year low C = |Jan record low C = -3.9 |Feb record low C = -2.8 |Mar record low C = -3.7 |Apr record low C = -0.4 |May record low C = 0.8 |Jun record low C = 5.5 |Jul record low C = 9.0 |Aug record low C = 8.0 |Sep record low C = 7.0 |Oct record low C = 2.4 |Nov record low C = -1.2 |Dec record low C = -5.1 |year record low C = -5.1 |rain colour = green |Jan rain mm = 189.9 |Feb rain mm = 168.0 |Mar rain mm = 105.3 |Apr rain mm = 117.7 |May rain mm = 105.5 |Jun rain mm = 56.1 |Jul rain mm = 28.4 |Aug rain mm = 30.6 |Sep rain mm = 95.7 |Oct rain mm = 163.9 |Nov rain mm = 180.8 |Dec rain mm = 228.3 |year rain mm = |unit rain days = 0.1 mm |Jan rain days = 16.3 |Feb rain days = 15.0 |Mar rain days = 13.9 |Apr rain days = 15.3 |May rain days = 14.5 |Jun rain days = 9.2 |Jul rain days = 6.6 |Aug rain days = 6.5 |Sep rain days = 9.0 |Oct rain days = 15.0 |Nov rain days = 15.0 |Dec rain days = 17.3 |year rain days = |Jan sun = 127.9 |Feb sun = 130.0 |Mar sun = 182.5 |Apr sun = 206.9 |May sun = 234.7 |Jun sun = 270.6 |Jul sun = 300.5 |Aug sun = 285.9 |Sep sun = 211.8 |Oct sun = 167.0 |Nov sun = 136.5 |Dec sun = 114.9 |year sun = |source 1 = [[Instituto de Meteorologia]]<ref name=ipma>{{cite web|url =http://www.ipma.pt/en/oclima/normais.clima/1981-2010/021/|title=Climate Normals - Viana do Castelo 1981-2010|publisher=Portuguese Institute of Meteorology|access-date = 11 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ipma.pt/bin/file.data/climate-normal/cn_71-00_VIANA_CASTELO.pdf|title=Climate Normals - Viana do Castelo 1971-2000|publisher=Portuguese Institute of Meteorology|access-date = 14 September 2020}}</ref>(1981-2010 temperature normals, 1971-2000 precipitation and sunshine hours) }} ==Economy== Home to a modern service based economy, the city, along with its region, has a [[seaport]] with naval repairing facilities. Its major industries are related to naval construction and repair, with the ''[[ENVC Shipyard|Estaleiros da Viana do Castelo]]'' remaining one of the few large shipyards still in operation. Home to a large cluster of wind green electricity and car-parts industries it has become one of the most dynamic exporting regions in the country. ==Architecture== [[File:Viana do Castelo - Praça da República.jpg|thumb|Republic Square: historical centre of Viana do Castelo]] [[File:Santa_Lucia_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Sanctuary of ''Santa Luzia'']] [[File:Viana do Castelo-Sé-20140911.jpg|thumb|Cathedral of Viana do Castelo]] ===Civic=== Since the early 1990s the city started a wide urban renewal plan, pioneering the "Polis program", and including enlarging the pedestrian areas, building new modern architecture and creating new public spaces and parks. Architects such as [[Siza Vieira]], [[Eduardo Souto de Moura]] and Fernando Távora have participated in the construction of a modern, well preserved and lively city center. *[[Geraz do Lima Carriage museum|''Geraz do Lima'' carriage museum]] *Renaissance fountain (1535) in the Major Square *''Palacio de Tavoras'', a noble residence from the 16th and 17th centuries *Municipal Museum, housed in an 18th-century building and home to *''Paços do Conselho '' ("Palace of the Council", 1502), of which only the façade remains today ===Military=== *''Castelo do Neiva'': the castle has been owned by the parish of Viana do Castelo since the beginning of the 19th century. ===Religious=== *''Church of ''Sâo Domingos'' (1576) * ''Chapel of the Holy Family'' ({{lang-pt|Capela da Sagrada Família e Portal da Quinta dos Espregueira}}) * ''Chapel of Our Lady of the Agony'' ({{lang-pt|Capela de Nossa Senhora da Agonia}}), church in Roccoco style * ''Cathedral of Viana do Castelo'' ({{lang-pt|Igreja Matriz de Viana do Castelo/Catedral de Viana do Castelo/Sé de Viana do Castelo}}), the 15th-century parochial church and cathedral, was constructed in the [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] style, comprising a façade flanked by two large towers with merlons, while the middle [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] portal with [[archivolt]]s is decorated by sculptures depicting the ''Passion of Christ'' and of the Apostles. The interior designed in the form of the Latin cross, includes a nave and two aisles (separated by arches supported by pillars), as well as two ancillary chapels dedicated to São Bernardo and the Holy Sacrament, both attributed to João Lopes "the Elder". * ''Church of Mercy of Viana do Castelo'' ({{lang-pt|Igreja da Misericórdia de Viana do Castelo}}), designed in the [[Flemish Region|Flemish]]-style. The building dates back to 1589. * ''Sanctuary of Saint Lucy''' ({{lang-pt|Santuário de Santa Luzia}}), designed by [[Miguel Ventura Terra]] and dedicated to the cult of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and Saint Lucy of Syracuse. ==Culture== In 2010, Viana do Castelo started to implement a project of rehabilitation of the city called Viana Criativa<ref>[http://vianacriativa.com] A PROJECT TO CHANGE A CITY</ref> which is based on an investigation made by Paulo Caldeira among 4 years. Such project has the main purpose to attract more residents to a city where, during the last 500 years, many people around the world arrived to trade. Once upon a time, Viana was the second center of commerce of Portugal and some investigators are now recognising that ''[[fado]]'' music was born based on the typical songs of Minho region.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}} ==People== People who come from Viana do Castelo include: * [[Pedro Neto]] - professional footballer for [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.]] * [[Adriana de Vecchi]] - Founder of the ''Fundação Musical dos Amigos das Crianças'' (FMAC), a musical school for children ==International relations== {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Portugal}} Viana do Castelo is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Relações internacionais / cooperação|url=http://www.cm-viana-castelo.pt/pt/relacoes-internacionais-cooperacao|website=cm-viana-castelo.pt|publisher=Viana do Castelo|language=pt|access-date=10 December 2019}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} *{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Alagoas]], Brazil *{{flagicon|POR}} [[Aveiro, Portugal|Aveiro]], Portugal *{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Cabedelo]], Brazil *{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Hendaye]], France *{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Igarassu, Pernambuco|Igarassu]], Brazil *{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Itajaí]], Brazil *{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Lancaster, Lancashire|Lancaster]], England *{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Lugo]], Spain *{{flagicon|MOZ}} [[Matola]], Mozambique *{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Pessac]], France *{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Porto Seguro]], Brazil *{{flagicon|CPV}} [[Ribeira Grande, Cape Verde (municipality)|Ribeira Grande]], Cape Verde *{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil *{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Riom]], France *{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Viana, Maranhão|Viana]], Brazil {{div col end}} ==Gallery== <gallery mode=packed> File:Viana do Castelo (10637953793).jpg|Viana do Castelo, Portugal File:Viana do Castelo - Portugal 01.JPG|Viana do Castelo, Portugal File:Viana do Castelo (6103772777).jpg|Viana do Castelo, Portugal File:VianaPT HPIM8295 (2961412680).jpg|Viana do Castelo, Portugal File:Viana do Castelo (10638203985).jpg|Viana do Castelo, Portugal File:VianaPT HPIM8299 (2961414324).jpg|Viana do Castelo, Portugal File:VianaPT HPIM8376 (2961439444).jpg|Viana do Castelo, Portugal File:Viana do Castelo (10638219126).jpg|Viana do Castelo, Portugal File:VianaPT HPIM8318 (2961420770).jpg|Viana do Castelo, Portugal File:Viana do Castelo 4.JPG|Viana do Castelo, Portugal File:Viana do Castelo at night (5708533558).jpg|Viana do Castelo, Portugal File:Monte de Santa Luzia basilica from Viana do Castela (5707961821).jpg|Viana do Castelo, Portugal File:Viana_do_Castelo_-_panoramio_(43).jpg|Viana do Castelo, Portugal File:Viana_do_Castelo_-_panoramio_(27).jpg|Viana do Castelo, Portugal </gallery> ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==External links== {{Wikivoyage}} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5idcTQ2oRLU Viana do Castelo - A Healthy City - Youtube video] * [https://www.flickr.com/groups/vianenses/ Photos from Viana do Castelo] * [http://blogdeviana.com/ O blog de Viana do Castelo] {{Municipalities of Viana do Castelo}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Viana Do Castelo Municipality}} [[Category:Viana do Castelo| ]] [[Category:Cities in Portugal]] [[Category:Municipalities of Viana do Castelo District]] [[Category:Port cities and towns in Portugal]]'