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'{{Short description|Newfoundland civilian unit which operated during the Second World War}} {{Draft topics|north-america|military-and-warfare}} {{AfC topic|soc}} {{AfC submission|||ts=20240418212701|u=User2232|ns=118}} {{AfC submission|t||ts=20240418192823|u=User2232|ns=118|demo=}}<!-- Important, do not remove this line before article has been created. --> {{Infobox military unit | unit_name = '''Newfoundland Overseas Forestry Unit''' <br> (NOFU) | image = | dates = 17 November 1939 - 1945 | disbanded = 1946 | country = {{Flag|Dominion of Newfoundland}} <br> {{Flag|United Kingdom}} | countries = {{Flag|<Dominion of Newfoundland>}} | allegiance = | branch = Civilian | type = | role = Forestry | size = Unit | motto = | colors = | mascot = [[Caribou]] (''unofficial'') | anniversaries = | battles = | website = http://nofu.ca/ | commander1 = Captain Jack Turner MBE MC | commander1_label = Chief Forestry Officer }} The '''Newfoundland Overseas Forestry Unit''' (NOFU) was a civilian unit comprised of skilled forestry workers who came from [[Dominion of Newfoundland|Newfoundland]] to [[Scotland]] to support the [[war effort]] during the [[Second World War]]. It was formed on 17th November 1939 and was disbanded in 1946. == Establishment == The [[Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs]] communicated via telegram to Newfoundland Governor [[Humphrey Walwyn|Sir Humphrey Walwyn]] on 9 November 1939, requesting 2,000 skilled men who were "capable of good work with axe and hand saw” to be sent to Britain to aid in forestry efforts. The [[Government of the United Kingdom|British government]] proposed forming a civilian unit due to time constraints preventing the recruitment, outfitting, and training of a military unit.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Newfoundland Overseas Forestry Unit |url=https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/politics/overseas-forestry-unit-wwii.php |access-date=2024-04-18 |website=www.heritage.nf.ca}}</ref> Recruitment commenced promptly as per the agreement of the [[Newfoundland Commission of Government|Commission of Government]], who gathered the required labor force. On 17 November, the Commissioner of Natural Resources made a public appeal for volunteers from across Newfoundland through a radio broadcast. Subsequently, on November 19, the Newfoundland Forestry Act was enacted, enabling the establishment of the Newfoundland Overseas Forestry Unit (NOFU) and outlining its operations. Officials implemented an interview process and medical evaluations to assess applicants' suitability. Within two months, approximately 2,150 volunteers aged between 18 and 55 were chosen.<ref name=":0" /> Its members were engaged in six-month contracts, receiving equivalent pay to their wages back home, totaling two dollars per day or twelve dollars weekly, men had their accommodation and medical services provided for them as part of their contract however personal needs, such as clothing, were their own responsibility. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Newfoundlander Overseas Forestry Unit (NOFU) |url=https://forestryandland.gov.scot/learn/heritage/world-war-two/newfoundlander-overseas-forestry-unit-nofu |access-date=2024-04-18 |website=Forestry and Land Scotland |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Secret Scotland - Newfoundland Overseas Forestry Unit |url=https://www.secretscotland.org.uk/index.php/Secrets/NewfoundlandOverseasForestryUnit |access-date=2024-04-18 |website=www.secretscotland.org.uk}}</ref> In 1941, NOFU forrester Edgar Baird told [[The Illustrated London News|Illustrated London News]] that: "''They are needed here on work of national importance, and cannot be replaced. Moreover, it is not easy to train a man, however strong and fit he may be, to become a good lumberjack.''" <ref>{{Cite web |title=NOFU bulletin |url=http://nofu.ca/submitted_items/illustrated_news_article.html |access-date=2024-04-18 |website=nofu.ca}}</ref> Many of these volunteers also enlisted in the [[Home Guard (United Kingdom)|Home Guard]], balancing their duties with camp work and local service. In 1942, the NOFU formed their own Home Guard unit, the 3rd Inverness (Newfoundland) Battalion Home Guard which was comprised of over seven hundred men and uniquely composed solely of foreign recruits.<ref name=":1" /> == Voyage from Newfoundland == [[File:RMS Antonia 1922.jpg|thumb|RMS Antonia]] Transport from Newfoundland to Scotland was provided by independent shipping companies as it was arranged at short notice. The first boat to set sail carrying the first members was [[RMS Antonia]] which left St. John's  on 13th December 1939 carrying 300 men on board. The ship arrived at Liverpool on 18 December 1939. These men were under the command of Cpt. Jack Turner. RMS Antonio made a further three trips. Other ships which took foresters from Newfoundland to Britain were SS Chrobory, SS Duchess of Richmond and SS Scythia. Many NOFU members and their families returned to Newfoundland following the end of the war and many made the journey on the [[RMS Aquitania]] and [[SS Drottningholm]]. == 3rd Inverness (Newfoundland) Battalion Home Guard == The NOFU not only supplied timber to the United Kingdom but also contributed to defence efforts. When the threat of a Nazi invasion loomed in 1940, the British government called for civilian volunteers to form a Home Guard. Many Newfoundland foresters answered this call and by 1942, their presence in northern Scotland allowed for the establishment of a Newfoundland-based Home Guard unit. On September 30, 1942, the 3rd Inverness (Newfoundland) Battalion Home Guard was formed, comprising over 700 individuals. <ref>{{Cite web |title=3rd Inverness (Newfoundland) Battalion Home Guard |url=http://www.staffshomeguard.co.uk/DotherReminiscences41staffshg.htm |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=www.staffhomeguard.co.uk}}</ref> These volunteers underwent training on weekends and evenings. Like other British Home Guard units, the battalion was disbanded at the end of the war, with each member receiving the [[Defence Medal (United Kingdom)|Defence Medal.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Newfoundland Overseas Forestry Unit |url=https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/politics/overseas-forestry-unit-wwii.php |access-date=2024-04-18 |website=www.heritage.nf.ca}}</ref> [[File:Defence Medal BAR.svg|center|thumb|Defence Medal]] == Forestry Camps == The Headquarters of the Newfoundland Overseas Forestry Unit were located in Edinburgh and in operation during the duration of the war until 1946. The NOFU were split up into districts 1, 2, 3, 4, A, B and C. {| class="wikitable" |District |Superintendent (Tenure) |Headquarters |- |1 |Joseph Curran (-1943) J.G Martin (1943-1944) Tom Curran (1944-1946) |[[Beauly]], then [[Muir of Ord]] |- |2 |A. R Hubbard |[[Carrbridge]] |- |3 |Edgar Baird |[[Ballater]] |- |4 |B. A Fraser Charles Cahill |[[Kershopefoot]], then [[Galashiels|Galasheils]] |- |A |B. Davis |Muir of Ord |- |B |Tom Curran (-1944) J.G Martin (1944-1946) |Carrbridge |- |C |Pete Petipas |[[Kingussie]] |} Each district accommodated a population of approximately 400 to 600 men. Each camp was overseen by one foreman and one assistant foreman, while a sub foreman supervised every group of twenty men. Every camp managed its administrative and catering needs independently. Essential supplies were sourced from the District Office, supplemented by perishables procured from local vendors. There were 71 NOFU camps across Scotland with sawmills in Dounie Hill, Fairburn, Whitebridge, [[Grantown-on-Spey]] and [[Laggan, Badenoch|Laggan]] and base camps in [[Kielder]], [[Kershopefoot]], [[Glen Finart|Glenfinart]], [[Glenbranter]] and [[Lochgilphead]]. == After the war == After the [[World War II|Second World War]] ended in May 1945, the British government released all foresters from their contracts, but some 1,200 Newfoundlanders continued working until Britain's timber imports returned to pre-war levels. The Newfoundland Overseas Forestry Unit (NOFU) disbanded by July 1946, with most members returning home. However, reintegrating into society was tough as they weren't recognized as veterans by the British or Canadian governments. They were denied access to rehabilitation programs meant for military personnel transitioning to civilian life. Despite efforts, they were excluded from war benefits until 1962 when Ottawa acknowledged their contributions under the Civilian War Allowances Act. It wasn't until 2000 that NOFU members were formally recognized for benefits and pensions by the Canadian government. == Newfoundland Volunteer War Service Medal == [[File:Newfoundland Volunteer War Service Medal, obverse.png|thumb|236x236px|[[Newfoundland Volunteer War Service Medal]], obverse]] The Newfoundland Overseas Forestry Unit was not officially recognised by the Government of Newfoundland, however with the passing of the [[Newfoundland Volunteer War Service Medal]] Act 1993, medals were authorised to be issued to members of those who served: # who volunteered and served in units which were the contribution of the Dominion of Newfoundland to the allied war effort during the Second World War (1939 � 1945).  This includes Newfoundland Veterans of the Royal Navy, the British Army, the Royal Air Force, the '''Newfoundland Overseas Forestry Unit''', the Newfoundland Militia and the Merchant Navy. # who is ineligible for or has not received a volunteer war services medal from another country. == References == <!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. --> {{reflist}} [[Category:Military history of Canada during World War II]] [[Category: Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II]] [[Category:Forestry in Scotland]] [[Category: Newfoundland]]'