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'{{short description|Demonstrations against the extradition bill by the Hong Kong Government}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}} {{EngvarB|date=July 2019}} {{Infobox civil conflict |title=2019 Hong Kong anti-extradition bill protests |image= [[File:June9protestTreefong01.jpg|310px]][[File:June16protestTreefong15.jpg|310px]] |partof= |caption=Hundreds of thousands of protesters marching in white on [[#Demonstration of 9 June|9 June]] (top) and in black [[#Demonstration of 16 June|16 June]] (bottom). |date= 31 March 2019 – ongoing<br>({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=3|day1=31|year1=2019}}) |place= Main demonstrations in Hong Kong: *Northern part of [[Hong Kong Island]]<br><small>([[Admiralty, Hong Kong|Admiralty]], [[Causeway Bay]], [[Wan Chai]], [[Central, Hong Kong|Central]], [[Tin Hau]], [[Fortress Hill]], [[North Point, Hong Kong|North Point]], [[Sheung Wan]], [[Sai Ying Pun]])</small> *[[Kowloon Peninsula]]<br><small>([[Tsim Sha Tsui]], [[West Kowloon]], [[Jordan, Hong Kong|Jordan]], [[Yau Ma Tei]] and [[Mong Kok]])</small> *[[Sha Tin]] Solidarity protests: *Dozens of other cities abroad |causes=*The proposal of the [[Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Legislation (Amendment) Bill 2019]] *Police using excessive force, arresting protesters, and characterising protests as rioting (since 12 June)<ref name="AutoV3-1"/> |goals=*Resignation of [[Chief Executive of Hong Kong|Chief Executive]] [[Carrie Lam]] and the holding of [[free and fair]] elections for the Legislative Council and the Chief Executive *Complete withdrawal of the Extradition Bill *Release and exoneration of rioters *Accountability for police force *Retract the characterisation of the 12 June protest as a riot |methods=[[Occupation (protest)|Occupations]], [[sit-ins]], [[civil disobedience]], mobile [[street protest]]s, [[Internet activism]], [[General strike|mass strike]], [[protest art]], [[hunger strikes]], [[Lennon_Wall_(Hong_Kong)|Lennon Walls]] |result= |concessions= *Bill suspended on 15 June; Lam apologised to the public on 16 June; Lam said 'The bill is dead' on 9 July *Police partially retracts the characterisation of the protest as "riot"<ref name="scmp3014914"/> |leadfigures3= |fatalities = 4 ([[#Suicides|all suicide]])<ref name="AutoV3-2"/><ref name="appledaily59719455"/><ref name="appledaily59771130"/><ref name="AutoV3-3"/> |injuries=90+ <small>(as of 14 June 2019)</small><ref name="bbc48591001"/> |arrests=100+ <small>(as of 16 July 2019)</small><ref name="scmp3013910"/><ref name="AutoV3-4"/><ref name="appledaily59784474"/><ref name="Auto3M-1"/> |casualties_label=Casualties |notes= |side1= ;Protesters ''(no centralised leadership)'' * [[Civil Human Rights Front]] (CHRF) * [[Pro-democracy camp (Hong Kong)|Pro-democracy camp]] * [[Localist groups (Hong Kong)|Localist camp]] * [[Hong Kong Independence|Pro-independence groups]] * [[Demosistō]] * Student Localism * Students Independent Union * Student unions of the [[List of higher education institutions in Hong Kong|public universities]] * Lawyers (6 June protest) |side2=;Authorities * [[Government of Hong Kong|Hong Kong SAR Government]] ** [[Hong Kong Police Force]] * [[Pro-Beijing camp (Hong Kong)|Pro-Beijing camp]] '''Supported by:''' * [[Government of China]] ** [[Communist Party of China]] (CCP) |status=Ongoing }} {{Chinese |t=反逃犯條例修訂運動 |j=Faan2 tou4 faan6 tiu4 lai6 sau1 ding3 wan6 dung6 |y=Fáan tòuh faahn tìuh laih sāu ding wahn duhng | altname = Anti-repatriation protests |c2 = 反送中運動 |j2=Faan2 sung3 zung1 wan6 dung6 |y2=Fáan sung jūng wahn duhng |c=|s=反逃犯条例修订运动|p=Fǎn táofàn tiáolì xiūdìng yùndong|mi=|ci=}} The '''2019 Hong Kong anti-extradition bill protests''' are a series of ongoing demonstrations in Hong Kong and other cities around the world against the [[Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Legislation (Amendment) Bill 2019|Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Legislation (Amendment) Bill]] proposed by the Hong Kong government. The protests arose over concerns that such legislation would blur the demarcation between the legal systems (also known as "[[one country, two systems]]") in Hong Kong and [[mainland China]], subjecting Hong Kong residents and those passing through the city to ''de facto'' jurisdiction of courts controlled by the [[Communist Party of China]].<ref name="20190524reuters"/><ref name="ejinsight20190523"/><ref name="20190522hongkongfp"/><ref name="abandon"/> The bill was first proposed by [[Secretary for Security]] [[John Lee (government official)|John Lee]] in February 2019. The first protest happened on 31 March with a peak estimate of 12,000 pro-democracy protesters. The movement gained stronger momentum after a second demonstration on 28 April, attracting an estimated 130,000 protesters.<ref name=":0"/><ref name="auto5"/><ref name="auto2"/> Starting from June, many demonstrations followed, some of which attracted hundreds of thousands of people. A protest held on 9 June was attended by 240,000 people according to police sources, or over 1&nbsp;million people according to organisers.<ref name="vox18658650"/> On 12 June, the day the government had attempted to table the bill for its second reading, protests outside [[Central Government Complex|government headquarters]] escalated into violent clashes.<ref name="Auto3M-2"/> Allegations of excessive force by the police used severely strained the relationship between the police and the protesters, the press and the medical profession; accountability for police brutality became one of organisers' demands at subsequent protests.<ref name="20190618hongkongfp"/><ref name="20190714hongkongfpA"/> A protest march held on 16 June was attended by nearly 2 million people, according to organisers;<ref name="auto4"/><ref name="AutoV3-5"/> police sources estimated 338,000 protesters at the height of the march.<ref name="scmp3014695" /> As the city marked the 22nd anniversary of its [[Handover of Hong Kong|1997 handover]], the [[Hong Kong 1 July marches|annual pro-democracy protest march]] organised by civil rights groups claimed a record turnout of 550,000 while police placed the estimate around 190,000. Separately, hundreds of young protesters stormed the [[Legislative Council Complex|Legislative Council]] and desecrated symbols associated with the People's Republic of China (PRC) and pro-Beijing elements inside the building.<ref name="20190705hongkongfp"/> International protests in solidarity also took place in New York City, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Toronto, Vancouver, London, Paris, Berlin, Frankfurt, Tokyo, Sydney and Taipei. On 9 July, Chief Executive [[Carrie Lam]] pronounced the extradition bill dead, using an ambiguous Cantonese phrase (壽終正寢 [[Jyutping]]: sau6 zung1 zing3 cam2) that may be translated as "dying a peaceful death."<ref name="Auto3M-3"/><ref name="rfa0709201910"/><ref name="20190709theguardian"/> She called amendment efforts a "total failure."<ref name="20190709cnbc"/> Lam gave no assurances, however, that the bill would be completely withdrawn, or that any of the other demands of protestors would be addressed.<ref name="bbc48917796"/><ref name="Auto3M-4"/> Since July, waves of localised protests have continued, and some have escalated into clashes between police and demonstrators. == Background == {{Main|Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Legislation (Amendment) Bill 2019}} In 1987, the [[territorial principle]] was proposed to settle the jurisdiction issue between Hong Kong and mainland China by the Special Group on Law of the Hong Kong Basic Law Consultative Committee, so that any person, whether an inhabitant of Hong Kong or of mainland China, who has committed an offence should be prosecuted and tried at the place of offence.<ref name="Auto3M-5"/> In 1998, pro-democrat legislator [[Martin Lee]], one of the group members, said in a Legislative Council meeting that the Hong Kong government should "stand firm" on the territorial principle and "must tackle without delay" the rendition arrangement with China.<ref name="Auto3M-6"/><ref name="chinadailyhk1561745446"/> However, there is no such arrangement as of 2019. The bill was first proposed by the Hong Kong government in February 2019 in response to a 2018 [[homicide]] involving a Hong Kong couple while visiting Taiwan. Hong Kong does not have a treaty with Taiwan that allows for the arrest and extradition, even for murder. Negotiating such treaty would be problematic since the [[government of China]] does not recognise the [[Political status of Taiwan|sovereignty of Taiwan]]. To resolve this issue, the Hong Kong government proposed an amendment to the Fugitive Offenders Ordinance ({{Cite Hong Kong ordinance|503}}) and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Legislation Ordinance ({{Cite Hong Kong ordinance|525}}) that would establish a mechanism for case-by-case transfers of fugitives, on the order of the Chief Executive, to any jurisdiction with which the city lacks a formal extradition treaty,<ref name="abandon"/> and controversially included extradition to mainland China. The inclusion of mainland China in the amendment became of concern to different sections of society. Democracy advocates expressed fears that the city's jurisdiction would merge itself with Chinese laws administered by the [[Chinese Communist Party|Communist Party]], thereby eroding the "[[one country, two systems]]" principle established since the [[Handover of Hong Kong|Handover in 1997]]. Opponents had urged the Hong Kong government to establish an extradition arrangement solely with Taiwan, and to [[Sunset provision|sunset]] the arrangement immediately after the surrender of the suspect.<ref name="abandon"/><ref name="scmp3006463"/> == Events == === 31 March demonstration === The [[Civil Human Rights Front]] (CHRF), a platform for 50 [[pro-democracy camp|pro-democracy groups]], launched its first protest against the bill on 31 March, from [[Southorn Playground]] in [[Wan Chai]] to the government headquarters in [[Admiralty, Hong Kong|Admiralty]]. Pro-democracy camp's convener [[Claudia Mo]] and [[Lam Wing-kee]], the owner of Causeway Bay Books who was [[Causeway Bay Books disappearances|kidnapped by Chinese agents in 2015]], led the rally. High-profile democracy activists, like Cardinal [[Joseph Zen]], barristers [[Martin Lee]] and [[Margaret Ng]], and ''[[Apple Daily]]'' owner [[Jimmy Lai]], also attended the rally. Organisers claimed 12,000 people took part in the march, while police put the peak figure at 5,200.<ref name="20190331hongkongfp"/> === 28 April march === [[File:Protest against proposed extradition law view from Wan Chai 20190428.jpg|thumb|230px|right|Thousands of protesters marched in [[Wan Chai]] against the proposed [[2019_Hong_Kong_extradition_bill|China extradition law]] on 28 April 2019.|alt=a large procession along the east-bound carriageway of a road through a built-up area; severe traffic congestion in the westbound carriageway]] A second protest march against the extradition bill took place on 28 April. While police estimated 22,800 protesters, organisers claimed 130,000 protesters partook in the march. The latter figure was the highest since the estimated 510,000 who joined the annual [[Hong Kong 1 July marches|1 July protest]] in 2014. The rally began at East Point Road, [[Causeway Bay]] and headed to the [[Legislative Council Complex|Legislative Council]] in Admiralty, a {{convert|2.2|km|mi|adj=mid}} route representing over four hours of marching.<ref name=":0"/> The next day, Chief Executive Carrie Lam remained adamant that the bill would be enacted and said the Legislative councillors had to pass new extradition laws before their summer break. Lam said Chan could be out of prison by October hence the urgency of passing the extradition bill.<ref name="auto5"/> Although Chan received a prison sentence on 29 April, Secretary for Security John Lee said that Chan could be free to leave Hong Kong early for good behaviour.<ref name="auto2"/> === 6 June lawyers' silent march === [[File:香港法律界3千人黑衣遊行2.jpg|thumb|220x220px|Thousands of lawyers marched in black against the extradition bill on 6 June 2019.|alt=|left]] Legal professionals concerned about the extradition bill also staged a silent march on 6 June. In black attire, lawyers, legal academics and law students marched from the [[Court of Final Appeal Building|Court of Final Appeal]] to the Central Government Offices. [[Dennis Kwok]], Legislative Councillor for the [[Legal (constituency)|Legal constituency]], and Martin Lee and [[Denis Chang]], two former [[Hong Kong Bar Association]] chairmen, led the march. The group of lawyers stood silently in front of government headquarters for three minutes. Kwok said, "We shall not bow our heads [to the government]".<ref name="scmp3013461"/> More than 3,000 lawyers, representing around one-quarter of the city's legal professionals, attended the march. It was the fifth and largest protest march held by lawyers in Hong Kong since 1997.<ref name="auto"/> While the protesting lawyers expressed reservations about openness and fairness of the justice system in China, Secretary Lee said the legal sector did not really understand the bill and some had not read the bill before protesting.<ref name="auto"/> === 9 June protest === ==== Daytime rally ==== [[File:June9protestTreefong03.jpg|alt=|thumb|230px|Mass protest on 9 June: organisers estimated 1&nbsp;million participants; police said 270,000 at its peak.]] Before the government tabled the extradition bill' second reading in the Legislative Council on 12 June, the [[Civil_Human_Rights_Front|CHRF]] had called Hong Kong people to march against the bill on 9 June – an approximately 3&nbsp;km (1.86&nbsp;mi) route from [[Victoria Park, Hong Kong|Victoria Park]] to the Legislative Council in Admiralty. Police ordered [[MTR]] to not stop trains at [[Wan Chai station|Wan Chai]], [[Causeway Bay station|Causeway Bay]] and [[Tin Hau station|Tin Hau]] stations for several hours.<ref name="hket2372210"/> Protesters had to exit at [[Fortress Hill station|Fortress Hill]] to join the protest.<ref name="AutoV3-6"/> Police urged protesters to start off before the official 3&nbsp;pm start-time to ease overcrowding; police were forced to open up all lanes on [[Hennessy Road]], having previously refused to do so.<ref name="20190609hongkongfp"/> A significant number of protesters were still leaving Victoria Park up to four hours after the start time, and were still arriving at the end-point at Admiralty seven hours after the protest began.<ref name="20190609theguardian"/> CHRF convenor Jimmy Sham said that 1.03&nbsp;million people attended the march, the largest protest Hong Kong has seen since the [[Handover of Hong Kong|1997 handover]], surpassing the turnout seen at mass rallies in support of the [[Tiananmen protests of 1989]] and [[Hong Kong 1 July marches|1 July demonstration of 2003]].<ref name="69march"/> While reports suggested it had been the largest ever,<ref name="20190611hongkongfpA"/> the police put the crowd at only 270,000 at its peak.<ref name="violent"/><ref name="20190608cnn"/><ref name="time5603754"/> ==== Night-time clashes ==== Hundreds of protesters camped in front of the government headquarters well into the night, with more joining them in response to calls from [[Demosistō]] and [[Hong Kong independence|pro-independence]] activists. Police formed a human chain to prevent protesters from entering [[Harcourt Road]], the main road next to government headquarters, while [[Special Tactical Squad]] (STS) stood by for potential conflicts.<ref name="69clasehes"/> Although the CHRF officially had called an end to the march at 10&nbsp;pm, around 100 protesters remained at [[Civic Square (Hong Kong)|Civic Square]].<ref name=":2"/> [[File:June9protestTreefong11.jpg|thumb|230px|Protesters on [[Harcourt Road]] at night, with police on standby. 9 June 2019|alt=]] At 11&nbsp;pm, the government issued a press statement, saying it "acknowledge[s] and respect[s] that people have different views on a wide range of issues", but insisted the second reading debate on the bill would resume on 12 June.<ref name="20190609info"/> In response to the government's statement, several members of [[Demosistō]] staged a sit-in protest outside the Legislative Council Complex demanding a dialogue with Chief Executive Lam and Secretary Lee, while pro-independence groups, Student Localism and the Students Independent Union, called for escalating protest actions if the government failed to respond to their demand to withdraw the bill.<ref name="69clasehes"/> Around midnight, tensions escalated and clashes broke out between protesters and officers at the Legislative Council Complex.<ref name="violent" /> Protesters threw bottles and metal barricades at police and pushed barricades while officers responded with pepper spray. Riot police pushed back against the crowd and secured the area, while police on [[Harcourt Road]] also pushed protesters back onto the pavements. Clashes shifted to [[Lung Wo Road]] as many protesters gathered and barricaded themselves from the officers. Several hundred protesters were herded by officers towards Lung King Street in [[Wan Chai]] around 2&nbsp;am and then moved onto [[Gloucester Road, Hong Kong|Gloucester Road]].<ref name="violent" /> The ''[[South China Morning Post]]'' described the night protest as similar to "bigger clashes during the [[2014 Hong Kong protests|2014 Occupy protests]]".<ref name=":2"/> The number of protesters gradually dwindled around 3&nbsp;am.<ref name=":2"/> By the end of the clearance, 19 protesters had been arrested while 358, who had been corralled along the wall of the [[Old Wan Chai Police Station]] by a large number of officers, had their profiles recorded; 80 percent of them were younger than 25.<ref name=scmp3013910/> The next morning, Chief Executive Lam refused to withdraw the bill but acknowledged that the sizeable rally showed there were "clearly still concerns" over the bill.<ref name="20190610theguardian"/> Pressed about whether she would resign, she asserted it was important to have a stable governing team "when our economy is going to undergo some very severe challenges because of external uncertainties."<ref name="scmp3013797"/> === 12 June siege of LegCo === ====Early stage==== [[File:People in Tamar Park 20190612.jpg|thumb|right|230px|Online groups called on people to "picnic" on the morning of 12 June at [[Tamar Park]].]] A general strike had been called for 12 June, the day of the planned resumption of the second reading of the extradition bill. The [[Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions]] (HKCTU) appealed to workers to join the protest; hundreds of businesses closed for the day and numerous workers went on strike.<ref name="20190611asiatimes"/> Affiliate Hong Kong Cabin Crew Federation also called a strike. [[HSBC]], [[Standard Chartered]] and [[Bank of East Asia]] closed some central branches; some of the banks and the [[Big Four accounting firms]] had agreed to flexible work arrangements for staff; [[Hong Kong Jockey Club]] shut down three of its central betting branches, citing employee safety.<ref name="20190612reuters"/><ref name="scmp3013908"/> The [[Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union]] (HKPTU) called on its members to attend a protest rally after school hours on that day. Student unions of most of the major higher education institutions also called for student strike on 12 June; 50 social welfare and religious groups also took part in the strike.<ref name="AutoV3-7"/> The [[Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong]] urged the Hong Kong government and the public to show restraint, and the administration "not to rush to amend the extradition bill before fully responding to the concerns of the legal sector and the public."<ref name="scmp3014015"/> A Facebook post calling on people to "enjoy a picnic" at the [[Tamar Park]] on 11 June attracted 2,000 people. In preparation for 12 June protest, the police force tightened the security in the [[Admiralty station (MTR)|Admiralty station]] and stopped commuters, mostly teenagers and searched their bags, resulting in some friction between the public and the police.<ref name=scmp3014100/> Another call to "picnic" at the Tamar Park on 12 June attracted close to 10,000 responses. The Legislative Council Commission declared an amber security alert, the protest zone outside the building was closed and access to the complex was limited. Sit-ins began in the morning and large crowd built up at the MTR exit. Around 8&nbsp;am, the crowd rushed onto Harcourt Road, blocking traffic.<ref name="hkp3014104twitter"/> Lung Wo Road and surrounding streets were also blocked by the protesters in a scene reminiscent of 2014 Occupy protests. A banner written "Majority calls on Carrie Lam to step down" and "Withdraw the extradition bill, defend One Country Two Systems" was hung from the Admiralty Centre footbridge.<ref name="612clashes"/><ref name="scmp3014100"/> Around 11&nbsp;am, the Legislative Council Secretariat announced that the second debate on the extradition bill had been postponed indefinitely.<ref name="612clashes"/> ====Violent clashes==== Police vans carrying riot police began to line up adjacent to the Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts and the [[Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre]], on standby, at around 1&nbsp;pm. A source in the [[Pro-Beijing_camp_(Hong_Kong)|pro-Beijing camp]] said that some [[Communist_Party_of_China|CCP]] legislators were at Central Police District Headquarters, while online groups called on protesters to block vehicles that might be used to transport the legislators to the Legislative Council.<ref name="612clashes"/> {{multiple image | perrow = 1 | total_width = 230 | align = left | image1 = Protester occupy Harcourt Road 20190612.jpg | image2 = 香港6-12警民大衝突.jpg | footer = [[Harcourt Road]] before (top) and after (bottom) police fired tear gas at the protesters. 12 June 2019 | direction = | alt1 = | caption1 = | caption2 = }} Around 3:20&nbsp;pm, protesters on Tim Wa Avenue began to charge the police barricades and were doused with pepper spray in reply. Some protesters at the junction of Lung Wo Road and Tim Wa Avenue broke through the barricades and took over Tim Wa Avenue after riot police walked into the government headquarters, leaving a Special Tactical Unit to defend. Protesters also attempted to charge the Legislative Council building. Riot police dispersed the protesters by firing tear gas, beanbag rounds and rubber bullets.<ref name="612clashes"/> Police charged at protesters, pushing their line about 50 metres eastward on Harcourt Road. Protesters stood their ground on Harcourt Road and remained in a stand-off with the police on the road.<ref name="612clashes"/> Many protesters took shelter in the buildings nearby as more tear gas was fired. The police cleared Harcourt Road and advanced on protesters. As of 6&nbsp;pm, 22 injured people had been sent to public hospitals. Around 6:20&nbsp;pm, the Legislative Council Secretariat issued a circular saying Legislative Council President [[Andrew Leung]] had called off the meeting.<ref name="612clashes"/> Protesters remained in the streets outside the AIA Tower in [[Central, Hong Kong|Central]], [[Queensway, Hong Kong|Queensway]] outside [[Pacific Place (Hong Kong)|Pacific Place]] shopping mall, and at the junction of Arsenal Street and Hennessy Road in Wan Chai into the night. In Central, private cars were employed to block [[Connaught Road Central]] while protesters chanted slogans from the [[Exchange Square (Hong Kong)|Exchange Square]] bridge. The number of protesters dwindled after midnight as roads gradually reopened.{{cn|date=July 2019}} By the end of the day, at least 79 protesters and police officers had been treated in hospitals;<ref name="ejinsight20190613"/> around 150 tear gas canisters, "several" rounds of rubber bullets, and 20 beanbag shots had been fired during the protest clearance.<ref name="20190613hongkongfp"/> [[Commissioner of Police (Hong Kong)|Commissioner of Police]] [[Stephen Lo]] declared the clashes a "riot" and condemned the protesters' behaviour. Speaking in Cantonese, Lo used the term for "disturbance", but a police spokesman later clarified he meant "riot".<ref name="AutoV3-8"/><ref name="AutoV3-9"/><ref name=bbc48591001/> Chief Executive Carrie Lam backed Lo, saying the protesters' "dangerous and life-threatening acts" had devolved into a "blatant, organised riot".<ref name="global"/> Overnight, 2,000 protesters from religious groups held a vigil outside the government headquarters, singing hymns and praying.<ref name="20190611nytimes"/> Various trade unions, businesses and schools also vowed to stage protests.<ref name="20190611hongkongfpB"/> The Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union called for a city-wide strike lasting a week. At least 4,000 Hong Kong teachers followed the call.<ref name="mingpao1560327947"/> ====Siege of CITIC Tower==== [[File:HK Queensway Citic Tower Lung Wui Road Blue Sky 1.JPG|thumb|right|293x293px|[[CITIC Tower]] from Lung Wui Road.]] According to the CHRF, the police had earlier agreed to peaceful demonstration within the area outside [[CITIC Tower]] in its letter of no objection. However, teargas was fired by police, to some criticism.<ref name="AutoV3-10"/><ref name="APCITIC"/> Videos depicted the police firing tear gas on both sides of Lung Wui Road at around 4&nbsp;pm as in a pincer movement near Citic Tower went viral on Hong Kong social media. People who were trying to push into the building to flee the gas, found the doors locked and themselves cornered by police.<ref name="AutoV3-10"/><ref name="APCITIC"/> As people trickled through the jammed central revolving door and a small side door, the police fired another two tear gas canisters into the trapped crowd fuelling panic.<ref name="CITIC"/> Protesters attempted to break down another locked side door in a desperate attempt to rescue the beseiged crowd. Pro-democrat legislators criticised the police action which nearly caused a stampede.<ref name="AutoV3-11"/> [[Amnesty International]] also criticised the use of tear gas at the trapped crowd.<ref name="Amnesty_Report"/> ====Police brutality allegations==== {{See also|Hong Kong Police Force#2019 anti-extradition bill clashes}} Many videos of aggressive police action appeared online: one showed [[tear gas]] canisters being fired at peaceful and unarmed protesters, [[first-aid]] volunteers,<ref name="rfa0620201916"/> and even reporters; another showed a protester apparently being hit in the face by a police projectile; another showed police firing multiple rounds of tear gas at hundreds of trapped protesters outside CITIC Tower.<ref name="videos"/><ref name="AutoV3-12"/> Additionally, ''[[The New York Times]]'' released a video essay that shows tear gas was deployed as an "offensive weapon" and that in several cases, unarmed protesters were beaten and dragged by police commanders.<ref name="nytimes1000000066"/> On 21 June, [[Amnesty International]] published a report examining policing tactics by its team of experts who examined footage of 14 incidents.<ref name="Amnesty_Report"/> Video showed apparent unlawful use of batons and rubber bullets, improper use of riot control agents, lack of visible police identification and restrictions on journalists and medics.<ref name="20190621amnestyA"/> Amnesty concluded that the use of force by police against the largely peaceful protest was unnecessary and excessive and that police had "violated international human rights law and standards."<ref name="Amnesty_Report" /> Protesters complained about the lack of identifying numbers on the uniforms of the [[Special_Tactical_Squad|Special Tactical Squad (STS)]], who were accused of police brutality. Although Secretary Lee claimed there was no space on the new uniforms to display their numbers, it is an operational requirement.<ref name="AutoV3-14"/> The numbers appeared to have been removed since 12 June, when police officers began wearing newly designed uniforms that omitted the numbers. Former uniform designs included numbers, as photos from the ''South China Morning Post'' have shown during the 2014 Occupy protests, the [[2016 Mong Kok civil unrest]], and the recent 9 June clashes. Meanwhile, a spokesman for the police said personal information of more than 400 officers, and about 100 of their family members, had been [[2019_Hong_Kong_anti-extradition_bill_protests#Online_activism|posted online]] to their chagrin.<ref name="scmp3015438"/> Activists have also targeted senior British officers in the force, questioning the legacy of colonial violence.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sherwell |first1=Philip |title=Activists single out British officers in protests against Hong Kong police |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/hong-kong-protesters-turn-ire-on-british-officers-after-clashes-with-police-over-china-extradition-bill-frg8b3hg3 |website=The Sunday Times |accessdate=21 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Hazelwood |first1=Jack |title=Hong Kong’s Police Violence Is Stamped ‘Made in U.K.’ |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/07/18/hong-kongs-police-violence-is-stamped-made-in-u-k/ |website=Foreign Policy |accessdate=21 July 2019}}</ref> Chief Executive Lam and Commissioner of Police Stephen Lo repeatedly sidestepped questions over police violence and the protesters' demand for an independent inquiry into the policing of the 12 June protest, only replying that the [[Complaints Against Police Office]] (CAPO) and the [[Independent Police Complaints Council]] (IPCC) – both of which are internal institutions – would look into the complaints.<ref name="ejinsight20190619"/> Within weeks, the UK suspended future sales of crowd control equipment and called for independent investigations.<ref>{{cite web |title=Video: UK halts export licences for Hong Kong crowd control gear, urges investigation into police-protester clashes |url=https://www.hongkongfp.com/2019/06/25/video-uk-halts-export-licences-hong-kong-crowd-control-gear-urges-investigation-police-protester-clashes/ |website=HKFP |publisher=Agence France-Presse |accessdate=21 July 2019}}</ref> ==== Assaults on journalists==== [[File:Press conference for Hong Kong Police Force 20190613.png|thumb|right|230px|At a police press conference, reporters wore safety hats and gas masks in protest of police brutality against front line press. 13 June 2019]] The [[Hong Kong Journalists Association]] (HKJA) accused the police of "trampl[ing] on reporters" and ignoring their safety. They complained that the police had unreasonably interfered with newsgathering by shining flashlights directly at them to disperse them. A driver for public broadcaster [[RTHK]] was hit by a tear gas round and was sent to hospital after he suffered a cardiac arrest.<ref name="AutoV3-15"/> The HKJA also said members complained that some police officers had been verbally insulting and abusive,<ref name="20190612hongkongfp"/> including the use of profanity at a member of the press.<ref name="jesus"/> Another online video showed riot police firing tear gas rounds directly at a journalist.<ref name="independent8957471"/> The HKJA filed a complaint with the Independent Police Complaints Council (IPCC) claiming police had caused bodily harm to 26 journalists during the protests.<ref name="AutoV3-17"/> At a police press conference on 13 June, many reporters wore high-visibility vests, helmets and gas masks in protest.<ref name="AutoV3-16"/> ==== Hospital arrests ==== At least four protesters were arrested at hospitals while receiving treatment following clashes earlier that day. The police chief admitted that officers had accessed medical records, raising concerns over confidentiality of patient information.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Graham-Harrison |first1=Emma |title=Hong Kong police chief admits officers sought to arrest wounded protesters in hospital |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jun/17/hong-kong-protests-carrie-lam-public-rejects-apology-strike-police |website=The Guardian |accessdate=21 July 2019}}</ref> On 17 June, Legislative Councillor for the [[Medical (constituency)|Medical constituency]] [[Pierre Chan]] presented a partial list that disclosed the information of 76 patients who were treated in the emergency ward of a public hospital on 12 and 13 June, along with a note that stated "for police" which was written on the top-left corner of the document. Chan said such a list could be obtained through the clinical data system in some hospitals without requiring a login and accused the [[Hong Kong Hospital Authority]] (HKHA) for leaking patients' data to the police. The HKHA denied the accusation, stressing that it had never authorised anyone to print the patients' data for police officers.<ref name="scmp3014931"/> The [[Hong Kong Adventist Hospital – Tsuen Wan|Hong Kong Adventist Hospital in Tsuen Wan]] also reportedly refused to treat an injured protester and advised the person to go to [[Yan Chai Hospital]] before reporting him to the police. The private hospital told media that its protocol prohibits it from handling cases related to "criminal activities", adding that patients involved in such cases are referred to a public hospital.<ref name="ejinsight20190621"/> Tensions grew between the medical profession and the police force with both parties accused of verbal harassment and abuse. The police force later withdrew from posts at [[Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong|Queen Elizabeth Hospital]] and [[Yan Chai Hospital]].<ref name="scmp3016283"/><ref name="scmp3016220"/> === 14 June mothers' sit-in === Following an interview of Carrie Lam on [[TVB]] in the morning of 12 June in which she lamented that as a mother, she would not have tolerated her children's violent protests, a group of women barristers and scholars from [[Chinese_University_of_Hong_Kong|Chinese University]] launched an online petition stating that "the people of Hong Kong are not your children" and admonished her for attacking their children with tear gas, rubber bullets or bag bombs."<ref name="zaobao964236"/><ref name="theepochtimes2926776"/> Some 6,000 people participated in a three-hour sit-in at [[Chater Garden]] in Central on the evening of 14 June. The protesters dressed in black and holding carnations, called on Carrie Lam to step down and for the government to retract the bill. They also held up placards condemning police brutality, such as "don't shoot our kids."<ref name="20190615hongkongfp"/> The organisers also said they had collected more than 44,000 signatures in a petition condemning the views Lam expressed in the interview.<ref name="scmp3014613"/> === 16 June march === On 15 June, Chief Executive Carrie Lam announced a pause in the passage of the extradition bill after the Legislative Council meetings had been postponed for four working days in a row.<ref name="auto4"/> The [[Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)|pro-democracy camp]] feared it was merely a tactical retreat and demanded a full withdrawal of the bill and said they would go ahead with the 16 June rally as planned. Jimmy Sham, convenor of the CHRF, said the suspension could be a trap.<ref name="scmp3014643"/><ref name="auto1"/> They also called for Lam's resignation, apology for "disproportionally violent" police tactics towards peaceful protesters, the release of arrested protesters, and to withdraw the official characterisation of the protest on 12 June as "riot".<ref name="20190616hongkongfp"/> [[File: Aerial view of the protesting crowd in Causeway Bay.jpg|thumb|230px|left|Aerial view of the protesting crowd in [[Causeway Bay]] on 16 June.]] The march started ahead of time, at 2:30&nbsp;pm on 16 June, from Victoria Park, Causeway Bay, to the Legislative Council in Admiralty – an approximately {{convert|3|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} route. Slogan-chanting protesters were predominantly dressed in black, some wearing white ribbons on their chests in anger at police brutality during the 12 June crackdown.<ref name="wsj1156066892"/> Many protesters started their march from [[North Point, Hong Kong|North Point]] as the police ordered the [[MTR]] not to stop at Tin Hau and Causeway Bay during the march.<ref name=":7"/> Nearby train stations were swamped with hundreds of thousands pouring into the protest zone; those from the Kowloon side trying to join the protest had to wait up to an hour at a time to board cross-harbour [[Star Ferry]] from [[Tsim Sha Tsui]]. The size of the crowd forced police to open all the six lanes of Hennessy Road; the masses then also spilled over onto [[Lockhart Road]] and [[Jaffe Road]] – all three being parallel streets and major thoroughfares in Wan Chai.<ref name="scmp3014737"/> [[File:190616 HK Protest Incendo 17.jpg|thumb|right|230px|Protesters making way for an ambulance on [[Queensway, Hong Kong|Queensway]] at night.]] The procession from Causeway Bay to Admiralty lasted from 3&nbsp;pm to 11&nbsp;pm. Marchers left bouquets and slogans on the site in front of Pacific Place where a man had committed suicide on 15 June. At night, protesters blocked Harcourt Road, causing traffic to grind to a halt. Protesters, however, allowed trapped vehicles – mainly franchised buses and emergency vehicles – to pass.<ref name=":7" /> The CHRF claimed the final turnout at "almost 2 million plus 1 citizens", which set the record of the largest protest in Hong Kong history.<ref name="AutoV3-18"/><ref name="20190616nytimes"/><ref name="20190616cnnA"/><ref name="20190616cnnB"/><ref name="20190616bloomberg"/> The police said that there were 338,000 marchers on the original route at its peak.<ref name="scmp3014695"/> Early in the afternoon, [[Radio France Internationale]] reported that Stand News, an independent online news agency, had used big data to predict that at most 1.44&nbsp;million would have participated in the protest.<ref name="AutoV3-19"/> At 8:30&nbsp;pm, the government issued a statement in which Carrie Lam apologised to Hong Kong residents and promised to "sincerely and humbly accept all criticism and to improve and serve the public."<ref name=scmp3014695/> === 21 and 24 June police HQ sieges === A loose association of university-based protest groups, officially known as the Student's Unions of Higher Institutions, reiterated its four main as-yet unaddressed demands after not receiving any official response from the government. Further protests were called on 21 June. At around 11&nbsp;am, protesters gathered outside government headquarters and quickly blocked the traffic on Harcourt Road. Some of the protesters also marched to [[Hong Kong Police Headquarters]] in Wan Chai as Demosistō activist [[Joshua Wong]], who was released from prison only a few days earlier after serving a [[Joshua Wong#Two months' imprisonment in 2019|sentence for his actions in the 2014 protests]], urged the crowd to surround the complex.<ref name="AutoV3-21"/> Dozens of protesters also staged a sit-in at the [[Revenue Tower]] and [[Immigration Tower]] nearby.<ref name="621hq" /> Another round of blockade occurred three days later, on 24 June.<ref name="scmp3015817"/> On 26 June, protesters returned to the Revenue Tower to apologise to civil servants for the earlier disruption.<ref name="20190713hongkongfp"/> By the evening of 21 June, a siege had developed at the Police Headquarters as thousands of protesters amassed in Arsenal Street.<ref name="621hq"/> ''South China Morning Post'' reported that protesters had "blocked the police headquarters' exits, threw eggs at the compound, drew graffiti on the walls, covered closed-circuit television cameras with tape, splashed oil on officers and targeted laser beams at police officers' eyes".<ref name="policehq"/> The police took no action to disperse the protesters. The police sought medical attention for some staff members and had made a total of five ambulance calls by 9:33&nbsp;pm. After the ambulance's arrival, the medics waited for tens of minutes in front of the gate of the police headquarter for the police to unlock it.<ref name="20190621thestandnews"/> The siege ended peacefully at 2:40&nbsp;am as most of the protesters had left. Staff members and officers trapped inside the building evacuated via a back entrance to board waiting for coaches.<ref name="policehq" /> The police blamed the protesters for the delayed treatment, though [[Hong Kong Fire Services Department]] stated that the protesters did not obstruct any rescue effort by the paramedics.<ref name="mingpao1561227102"/> <gallery widths="160"> File:Protesters occupy Harcourt Road and allow vehicle to leave 20190621.jpg|Protesters occupying Harcourt Road while allowing other vehicles to pass through. File:Protesters occupy Revenue Tower 20190621.jpg|Protesters in [[Revenue Tower]]. File:Protesters under Legislative Council Building 20190621.jpg|Protesters occupying the [[Legislative Council Complex]]. File:190621 HK Protest Police HQ.jpg|Protesters outside the [[Hong Kong Police Headquarters]] in Wan Chai. File:Police Heaquarter wall after the protest 20190622.jpg|The wall outside the Police Headquarters after the protest. </gallery> === 26 and 28 June G20 summit rallies === Protests occurred outside 19 foreign consulates in Hong Kong. Around 1,500 protesters during the day visited the consulates of countries expected to attend the [[2019 G20 Osaka summit|G20 Osaka summit]], handing out petitions to raise awareness of the movement in hopes of putting pressure on China.<ref name="scmp3016149"/> Meanwhile, there were solidarity protests in Osaka, Japan during the G20 Summit.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Creery |first1=Jennifer |title=G20: Protests in Osaka over Hong Kong extradition law, as Japan’s Abe raises concerns with China’s Xi Jinping |url=https://www.hongkongfp.com/2019/06/28/g20-protests-osaka-hong-kong-extradition-law-japans-abe-raises-concerns-chinas-xi-jinping/ |website=HKFP |publisher=Hong Kong Free Press |accessdate=20 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Protest in Osaka City -- Asians Rising Against Communist China |url=http://j20.fipa.asia/english/ |website=Justice 20 Committee |accessdate=20 July 2019}}</ref> China said it would not tolerate any discussion at the forum because "Hong Kong matters are purely an internal affair to China [in which] no foreign country has a right to interfere."<ref name="20190624theguardian"/> In the evening, thousands gathered for a rally outside the City Hall, shouting slogans of freedom and democracy. The protests stretched to the International Finance Centre, and spilled over into Lung Wo Road, blocking westbound traffic during the evening rush hour.<ref name="20190626theguardian"/><ref name="time5614357"/> Thousands of protesters then assembled at [[Edinburgh Place]] at night, holding signs that read "Democracy now" and "Free Hong Kong."<ref name="20190626hongkongfp"/> At the same time, around 1,000 protesters surrounded the Wan Chai police headquarters for six hours.<ref name="scmp3016275"/> On 28 June, some of the G20 demonstrations also protested against the Hong Kong government's prospective surrender of a strip of land in Central Harbourfront to the [[People's Liberation Army]] on 29 June. In light of the protests on 27 June, [[Au Nok-hin]]'s resolutions and [[Eddie Chu]]'s proposal to delay the surrendering date were halted as pro-Beijing legislator [[Christopher Cheung]] requested an adjournment for debate to shift attention on restoring peace in Hong Kong.<ref name="thestandard209097"/> Chu and protesters entered the pier at around 11:30&nbsp;pm. Protesters left the pier at midnight when its jurisdiction was legally turned over to PLA, though a standoff between the protesters and the police continued till 1&nbsp;am.<ref name="20190629hongkongfp"/> <gallery widths="160"> File: Protesters stay in The Consulate General of the United States of America in Hong Kong and for Macau 20190626.jpg|Protesters outside [[Consulate General of the United States, Hong Kong and Macau|The Consulate General of the United States of America in Hong Kong and for Macau]]. File: Protesters stay at St. John's Building 20190626.jpg|Protesters with messages saying "Defend Sovereignty of Hong Kong, Please liberate Hong Kong" File: Protesters give a letter to Consulate-General of Japan in Hong Kong representative 20190626.jpg|Protesters give letter to Consulate-General of Japan in Hong Kong representative (Yoshi Abe) File: Police Headquarters protest 20190626.jpg|Protesters to block the roads and surround the police headquarters File: G20 Free Hong Kong protest overview 20190626.jpg|Protesters in Edinburgh Place calling on G20 country leaders to raise concerns at the summit. </gallery> === 1 July protests === ==== Annual pro-democracy march ==== [[File:190701 HK Protest Incendo 14.jpg|thumb|230px|The [[Hong_Kong_1_July_marches|annual 1 July march]] at the [[Jardine's Bazaar]] shopping district.]] {{See also|Hong Kong 1 July marches}} As the city marked the 22nd anniversary of its [[Handover of Hong Kong|1997 handover]] to China, the annual pro-democracy protest march organised by CHRF claimed a record turnout of 550,000 while police placed the estimate around 190,000;<ref name="appledaily59774211"/><ref name="hongkongfp550000"/> independent organisations using scientific methods calculated that participation was in the region of 250,000 people.<ref name="Auto3M-7"/><ref name="20190703nytimes"/> At the annual flag-raising ceremony in the morning outside the [[Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre]], police used pepper spray and batons to suppress the disruption by protesters.<ref name="20190701straitstimes"/> Before the march, youths had begun besieging the Legislative Council building. Due to the storming of the Legislative Council, the destination of the march was diverted to Chater Road in Central.<ref name="20190701hongkongfp"/> ==== Storming of Legco ==== [[File:Flag of Hong Kong 2019 protests.svg|thumb|230px|Hong Kong flag with black background – [[Flag_of_Hong_Kong#Black_Bauhinia|the Black Bauhinia]] – used by some protesters.]] At around 9&nbsp;pm local time, hundreds of protesters stormed the legislature after breaking through the glass walls and metal doors of the building.<ref name="AutoV3-22"/> Protesters damaged portraits of former pro-Beijing presidents of the Legislative Council, spray-painted slogans such as "It was you who taught me peaceful marches did not work,"<ref name="bbc48836048"/><ref name="Auto3M-8"/> smashed furniture, defaced the [[Emblem of Hong Kong|Hong Kong emblem]], waved the [[Union Flag]] and displayed the [[Flag of Hong Kong (1959–1997)|colonial Hong Kong flag]] on the podium.<ref name="independent8982086"/><ref name="bbc48821640"/> At the same time, protesters hung up signs and installed barricades, warning others to protect cultural objects and to do no damage to books in the library while protesting.<ref name="rt463172"/> The police started using tear gas to disperse protesters around the LegCo at 12:05&nbsp;am and reached the building 15 minutes later.<ref name="appledaily59776393"/> Protesters blamed the occupation and acts of property damage to be the result of Carrie Lam's "lack of positive response to the public."<ref name="AutoV3-23"/> It was also reported that the deaths from the suicide events also sparked anger and desperation among the protesters, which also contributes to the protest on 1 July.<ref name="latimes20190702"/> Carrie Lam held a press conference at 4&nbsp;am stating that she acknowledged the peaceful and orderly march, but condemned strongly the "violence and vandalism by protesters who stormed into the Legislative Council building".<ref name="AutoV3-24"/> However, Lam dodged questions regarding recent deaths and the government left the unanswered questions out of the official transcript, an act criticised by the [[Hong Kong Journalists Association]] for hindering public's [[right to know]]. [[Information Services Department]] responded that the transcript released was not a "verbatim".<ref name="20190703hongkongfp"/> By early 5 July, there had been at least 66 arrests and first formal charges laid in connection with the incident.<ref name="AutoV3-25"/> After the protest, demonstrators and legislators condemned the Hong Kong police for deliberately allowing protesters to ram the glass doors and windows of the LegCo in front of cameras and television crews for hours, without any arrests or clearance. A journalist with ''[[The New York Times]]'' remarked on the "notable [and] ominous" absence of the police and questioned the lack of action to prevent the legislature from being stormed, asserting that the police force "no longer sees its purpose as maintaining public order and is, instead, carrying out the government’s political agenda."<ref name="Auto3M-9"/> The police explained that their decision to retreat was after "considering a number of factors."<ref name="scmp3016841"/> However, opponents have asserted it was to manipulate public opinion and blame protesters in an attempt to seize the [[moral high ground]].<ref name="scmp3017002"/><ref name="20190707hongkongfpC"/> <gallery widths="160"> File:20190701 protest cy 01.jpg|The [[Flag_of_Hong_Kong#Black Bauhinia|"Black Bauhinia"]] flag hung by the protesters, flying at [[Legislative Council Complex|LegCo Building]]. File:20190701 protest cy 03.jpg|Protesters occupying Harcourt Road during the afternoon. File:190701 HK Protest Incendo 01.jpg|Hundreds of protesters near LegCo Building wearing protective helmets at night. File:190701 HK Protest Incendo 08.jpg|Protesters inside the LegCo Building at night. File:示威者於立法會會議廳展示標語, Jul 2019.jpg|The situation of the Conference Room in LegCo after the protesters left. </gallery> ==== Admiralty Declaration ==== From within the occupied [[Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong|Legislative Council]] governing chambers, a new manifesto with ten points was presented,<ref name="cnn41356400"/><ref name="lihkg1279360"/> calling for greater freedom and democracy, and independence from the political influences of Beijing.<ref name="scmp3016993"/> Brian Leung Kai-ping, the 25-year-old student activist who presented this declaration, said afterward: "As police were drawing closer and closer, after some deliberation, most decided to end the siege. I volunteered to be in front of the camera to read out the key demands of protesters in the chamber. The last thing I wished to see ... was to have no clear demands put on the table."<ref name="scmp3017327"/> Risking arrest, he removed his mask to make the address, saying later that "Hongkongers have nothing left to lose. Hongkongers cannot [afford to] lose any more."<ref name="latimes20190706"/> ===5 July mothers' sit-in === On Friday evening, a second mother's rally occurred at Chater Garden in Central. According to organisers, about 8,000 were in attendance, while police cited 1300 in attendance<ref name="auto7"/><ref name="canberratimes6260136"/> The gathering of mothers and allies shared solidarity with young protestors and condemned the government for being indifferent to Hong Kong people's demands.<ref name="auto9"/> One mother vowed, "If they don't release the young people, we will keep standing out."<ref name="theepochtimes2991066"/> === 7 July Tsim Sha Tsui march === ==== Daytime rally ==== [[File:190707 HK Protest Incendo 01.jpg|thumb|Tens of thousands of protesters in Nathan Road on 7 July.|230x230px]] The first anti-extradition bill protest in the [[Kowloon]] side of Hong Kong was held on 7 July in [[Tsim Sha Tsui]]. Before the march, organisers had promised that it would be a peaceful rally.<ref name="scmp3017589"/> The rally started from [[Salisbury Garden]] at 3:30&nbsp;pm, heading to the [[Hong Kong West Kowloon railway station|West Kowloon MTR station]]. The march ended at around 7&nbsp;pm. The march was then officially called to an end at 7:30&nbsp;pm. The organiser claimed more than 230,000 marchers, while police estimated around 56,000 only.<ref name=":5"/> [[File:190707 HK Protest Incendo 17.jpg|thumb|Protesters arriving at the destination of the march, the West Kowloon station.|230x230px]] Protesters marched along [[Nathan Road]] and [[Canton Road]], which mainland tourists frequent because of the presence of a long string of luxury stores. The protest was aimed at giving a good impression to these visitors, hoping to raise their awareness of the issues and support for their cause. Hard copy booklets about the extradition bill in Simplified Chinese were distributed to mainland tourists, to bypass mainland web censorship.<ref name=":8"/> About 200 protestors assembled near the ferry terminal by the China Hong Kong City Centre, chanting in [[Mandarin_Chinese|Mandarin]] and urging the shoppers to join the demonstration.<ref name="scmp3017622"/> As a precaution, water barricades had been also set up by the police, with checkpoints to confirm the passengers' identities; the MTR Corporation had stopped selling tickets for journeys during noon-time. Protesters and residents condemned the action, complaining it unnecessary and unreasonable. This is the largest protest in Hong Kong solely mobilised by [[online activism|netizens]] and in [[Kowloon]] area so far.<ref name="20190707hongkongfpA"/> ==== Night-time clashes ==== After the end of the march at 7:30&nbsp;pm, around 300 protesters left the station and headed to [[Canton Road]] again. They proceeded up [[Nathan Road]] and arrived at [[Mong Kok]] to find police amassed on [[Shantung Street]], where there was a stand-off for around 20 minutes.<ref name="20190708thestandnewsA"/> Riot police, most of them refusing to display an identification number or [[warrant card]]<ref name="appledaily59800915"/><ref name="auto10"/> arrived, assaulting protestors and journalists alike.<ref name="appledaily59799399"/><ref name="appledaily59799265"/><ref name="20190708thestandnewsB"/><ref name="AutoV3-26"/> By the end of the night, at least six arrests were made.<ref name="20190707hongkongfpB"/><ref name="AutoV3-27"/> The following day, lawmaker Lam Cheuk-ting requested an independent investigation of police conduct, called for a review of video that may show the use of excessive force, and stated that failure to have [[warrant card]]s visibly displayed may be a violation of the law.<ref name="auto10"/> ==== 10 July Subsequent protests ==== On 10 July, two rival protests were held outside [[Hong Kong Police Headquarters|Wan Chai Police Headquarters]]. Around a dozen protesters from the pro-democracy [[Labour Party (Hong Kong)|Labour Party]], called the police to launch a criminal investigation, they presented five pieces of video footage as evidence, purportedly showing officers hitting or kicking demonstrators even after they were pinned down. However, the Labour Party protesters were referred to the force's internal investigation unit – the Complaints Against Police Office. Around a dozen protesters from the pro-establishment Anti-black money, anti-Hong Kong independence concern group filed a police report claiming that pro-democracy lawmakers: [[Jeremy Tam]], [[Au Nok-hin]] and [[Roy Kwong]] were involved in the violent night clashes.<ref name="Auto3M-10"/> === 10 July Yau Tong's Lennon Wall tension === {{See also|Lennon Wall (Hong Kong)#June to July 2019}} On 10 July, a few youngsters constructed a makeshift [[Lennon Wall (Hong Kong)|Lennon Wall]] on a pillar outside the [[Yau Tong station|Yau Tong MTR exit]]. They were soon surrounded and intimidated by tens of mostly middle-aged [[Pro-Beijing camp (Hong Kong)|pro-government]] residents who were suspected of being off-duty policemen from nearby [[Yau Mei Court]], which contains a "disciplined staff quarters" for police.<ref name="Auto3M-11"/> The crowds built up at night, growing into the hundreds.<ref name="auto12"/> Numerous scuffles then broke out between a hundred pro-government residents and a much larger crowd protecting the youngsters.<ref name="auto11"/> Hundreds of police arrived and formed a defence line on the staircase leading from the [[MTR]] exit.<ref name="facebook2912859108"/> They were accused of not stopping the violence of the pro-government residents against the youngsters. The conflict persisted for hours and did not subside until 1 a.m. on 11 July. At least three arrests were made,<ref name="auto11"/> including two retired police officers for common assault.<ref name="scmp3018174"/> === 14 July Sha Tin march === [[File:190714 HK Protest Incendo 29.jpg|thumb|right|230px|Tens of thousands marched in Sha Tin near New Town Plaza on 14 July.]] ==== Daytime rally ==== In the afternoon, the first anti-extradition bill protest in the [[New Territories]] side of Hong Kong was held on 14 July in [[Sha Tin]]. The rally started from Chui Tin Street Soccer Pitch near [[Che Kung Miu]] at 3:10&nbsp;pm, passing [[Hong Kong Heritage Museum]], heading to the [[Sha Tin station]] Bus Terminus. Protesters chanted "all five demands must be fulfilled" and "Hong Kong police break laws." The first batch of protesters arrived at the destination at around 4:45&nbsp;pm, and the march ended officially at 7:15&nbsp;pm. The organiser claimed more than 115,000 marchers, while police estimated around 28,000.<ref name="scmp3018531"/> ==== Evening clashes ==== [[File:190714 HK Protest Incendo 02.jpg|thumb|right|230px|Stand-off between protesters and police near Sha Tin Jockey Club Swimming Pool. Night of 14 July.]] After the march, protesters moved to the streets near Sha Tin Jockey Club Swimming Pool. They set up barricades and threw objects including traffic cones and bottles at police at about 5&nbsp;pm. Shortly afterwards, around 20 officers moved towards them while pepper-spraying them. During the stand-off, residents near the streets tossed down necessities, including water bottles, umbrellas and cling wrap, to support the protesters.<ref name="auto17"/> At 6&nbsp;pm, dozens of officers moved closer to the protesters but kept a distance, while warning the crowd to leave with a loudspeaker.<ref name="auto13"/> Tension rose when a police officer attempted to remove the mask worn by a protester without showing his warrant card.<ref name="Auto3M-12"/> As the authorisation according to the Letter of No Objection had expired, protesters moved to the nearby shopping mall, [[New Town Plaza]].<ref name="theinitium20190714"/> At 8:55&nbsp;pm, police warned the crowd that those who did not leave they would face arrest. Ten minutes later, police raised the red warning flag. At 10&nbsp;pm, police started using pepper spray on some protesters in the plaza.<ref name="auto17"/> While protesters were trying to leave via [[MTR]], riot police blocked the entrance of the train station from inside the mall. Meanwhile, another group of riot police followed behind protesters as they proceeded to the station engaging in a tactic called "[[kettling]] – thereby unnecessarily trapping demonstrators" – which sparked reactions from cornered protesters. At the same time, MTR Corporation announced that trains would bypass Sha Tin station. Both protesters and bystanders were trapped inside the plaza until the police started letting people enter the railway station later that night.<ref name="hk01351870"/> Fearing that other protesters would not being able to leave, some individuals stopped the train's doors from closing to ensure that all protesters could evacuate.<ref name="thestandard131298"/> After some chaos, at around 11&nbsp;pm, MTR announced that the service would gradually resume. Protesters then started to leave via MTR and the police started to disperse.<ref name="auto13"/> Lawmaker Jeremy Tam questioned the need for the police to block the entrance to the train station and bring about conflict which could have been avoided.<ref name="Auto3M-13"/> Pro-democracy lawmaker Au Nok-hin, who was there that night, also asked why demonstrators were given no pathway to leave, and called the policing tactics "rubbish."<ref name="auto16"/> Pro-Beijing lawmakers, on the other hand, claimed demonstrators were perpetrating "organised violent acts" and stated that "no one should insult the police [or] damage their morale."<ref name="auto16"/> Chief Executive Carrie Lam stated that police "exercised restraint when they were being attacked by those whom I describe as 'rioters'."<ref name="aljazeera1907151404"/> By the end of the night, at least 22 people had been hospitalised, several in critical and serious condition; and at least 40 arrests had been made.<ref name="Auto3M-14"/> ==== 15 and 16 July accountability protests ==== Following the Sunday night clashes with police at [[New Town Plaza]], on Monday evening about 100 demonstrators and local residents gathered at the mall to petition property owners about their responsibility and participation in the previous night's events. Activists surrounded the customer service desk to demand answers from [[Sun Hung Kai Properties]]. On Tuesday, several hundred people turned up again and demanded answers, accusing property owners of assisting police in the raid that led to numerous hospitalisations and arrests. Protesters chanted "shame on Sun Hung Kai for selling out Hongkongers"; many also walked through the mall and created [[Lennon Wall (Hong Kong)|Lennon Walls]] with post-it note messages containing their grievances.<ref name="Auto3M-15"/> In a Facebook post, mall management denied involvement, saying they had not invited police onto the premises.<ref name="qz1665776"/><ref name="scmp3018716"/> === 15 July hunger strikers march === On the evening of 15 July, a dozen hunger strikers (many of whom have been on strike for over 12 days), along with 2,400 protesters marched from Admiralty Centre to the Chief Executive's official residence – [[Government_House,_Hong_Kong|Government House]]. They called for the protesters' five demands to be answered and requested dialogue with Carrie Lam. While waiting for an audience with Lam, demonstrators created a post-it note [[Lennon_Wall_(Hong_Kong)|Lennon Wall]] along the Government House complex walls. After waiting for over an hour, democracy activists left by about 11&nbsp;pm, and marched back to Admiralty Centre. Carrie Lam did not make an appearance.<ref name="Auto3M-16"/> === 17 July elderly march === A group of seniors marched from [[Chater Garden]] to the [[Central Government Complex (Hong Kong)|Central Government Complex]] on 17 July. Organisers estimated that 9,000 had participated, while police put the figure as 1,500.<ref name="Auto3M-17"/> During the "silver-hair" rally organised by [[Chu Yiu-ming]], participants showed their support for the frontline youths.<ref name="sky11765018"/> They reiterated the five key demands of the democracy movement and hoped the march would clear the stereotype that all senior citizens held pro-establishment views. Reverend Chu Yiu-ming called on Carrie Lam to "repent" and urged compassion, asking her to stop dividing society by criminalising young protesters.<ref name="20190717hongkongfp"/> Demonstrators carried massive banners, and upon reaching government buildings wrote demands onto yellow ribbons and tied them to a metal fence.<ref name="Auto3M-18"/> Actress [[Deanie Ip]] also attended, holding a banner that said "Support youth to protect Hong Kong."<ref name="sfgate14101562"/> === 21 July march === ====Social workers silent march==== Five social workers associations in Hong Kong, including the [[Hong Kong Social Workers' General Union]], staged a silent march on 21 July. The protesters condemned Carrie Lam for ignoring people's demands and shifting the responsibility to resolve social conflicts to counsellors, social workers, and non-governmental organisations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thestandnews.com/politics/%E7%A4%BE%E7%A6%8F%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%9C%E9%BB%98%E9%81%8A%E8%A1%8C-%E7%A4%BE%E7%B8%BD%E6%9C%83%E9%95%B7-%E5%89%B5%E5%82%B7-%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E9%9D%9E%E7%A4%BE%E5%B7%A5%E8%83%BD%E8%A7%A3%E6%B1%BA-%E4%BF%83%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%9B%9E%E6%87%89%E8%A8%B4%E6%B1%82/|title=社福界 4000 人靜默遊行　社總會長：創傷、情緒問題非社工能解決　促政府回應訴求|work=Stand News|date=July 21, 2019|accessdate=July 21, 2019}}</ref> According to organisers, about 4,000 were in attendance, while police cited 1500 in attendance.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.mingpao.com/ins/%E6%B8%AF%E8%81%9E/article/20190721/s00001/1563682585411/%E3%80%90%E9%80%83%E7%8A%AF%E6%A2%9D%E4%BE%8B%E3%80%91%E7%A4%BE%E7%A6%8F%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%9C%E9%BB%98%E9%81%8A%E8%A1%8C-%E7%A4%BE%E5%B7%A5%E6%96%A5%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E3%80%8C%E9%BE%9C%E7%B8%AE%E3%80%8D|title=【逃犯條例】社福界靜默遊行　社工斥政府「龜縮」 (15:14)|work=Ming Pao|date=July 21, 2019|accessdate=July 21, 2019}}</ref> ====CHRF march==== The [[Civil Human Rights Front|CHRF]] announced that the police had approved a march on Sunday, 21 July, from Admiralty to the [[Court of Final Appeal (Hong Kong)|Court of Final Appeal]],<ref name="scmp3019055"/> despite earlier requests by the police to delay the march till August.<ref name="scmp3018952"/> The police, fearing the risk of increased violence, stipulated in its letter of no objection that the march would avoid Admiralty and end at Luard Road in Wan Chai, and must end no later than midnight on the basis of public safety and public order—conditions more stringent than those placed on previous marches. Many protestors will continue its rally into Admiralty and Central regardless of the circumstance due to the fact the police are being inconsiderate with the crowd, not taking notice of the Book fair in Wan Chai North. <ref name="hkpf-appeal"/><ref name="Auto3M-19"/> The CHRF appealed the ruling to the Appeal Board on Public Meetings and Processions but is expected to continue its rally all the way to Chater Road, Central.<ref name="hkpf-appeal" /> The CHRF claimed that 430,000 people attended the protest. Some protesters advanced beyond the police-mandated endpoint for the protest (in [[Southorn Playground]]) and marched to the Court of Final Appeal, the original destination, and [[Sheung Wan]] as the police began to retreat. Major roads and thoroughfares in Admiralty and Central were occupied by protesters, and the water barriers surrounding the Police HQ were turned into a Lennon Wall.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jul/21/hong-kong-mass-china-extradition-bill-demonstrations-protestors|title=Police and protesters clash amid huge democracy march in Hong Kong|first=Lily|last=Kuo|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=July 21, 2019|accessdate=July 21, 2019}}</ref> Some protesters surrounded the [[Hong Kong Liaison Office]] in [[Sai Ying Pun]], threw eggs at the building, and defaced the Chinese national emblem outside the Office. Another group of demonstrators vandalised the [[Central Police Station (Hong Kong)|Central Police Station]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1469548-20190721.htm?share=twitter|title=Protesters vent anger at Beijing's liaison office|work=[[RTHK]]|date=July 21, 2019|accessdate=July 21, 2019}}</ref> Scuffles broke out next to [[Shun Tak Centre]]. Protesters threw bottles at the police while the police fired several rounds of tear gas to disperse the protesters.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3019484/protesters-spill-beyond-end-point-third-major-march-against|title=Hong Kong police fire rounds of tear gas after skirmishes and a tense stand-off with extradition bill protesters|work=[[South China Morning Post]]|date=July 21, 2019|accessdate=July 21, 2019}}</ref> ==== Yuen Long station attack incident ==== A group of anti-protest people, suspected as gangsters members, wearing white clothes gathered in [[Yuen Long station]] and assaulted protesters and other people in the station and train, including defenceless commuters, journalists and legislative council member [[Lam Cheuk-ting]] with weapons like iron bar and wooden clubs.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www2.hkej.com/instantnews/current/article/2196807/%E7%99%BD%E8%A1%A3%E4%BA%BA%E8%A5%BF%E9%90%B5%E5%85%83%E6%9C%97%E7%AB%99%E5%85%A7%E8%BF%BD%E6%89%93%E4%B9%98%E5%AE%A2+%E6%9E%97%E5%8D%93%E5%BB%B7%E5%98%B4%E8%A7%92%E5%8F%97%E5%82%B7%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%80|script-title=zh:白衣人西鐵元朗站內追打乘客 林卓廷嘴角受傷流血|department="instant news" section|newspaper=Hong Kong Economic Journal|language=zh-hk|date=21 July 2019|access-date=21 July 2019}}</ref> Some protesters fought back using umbrellas and fire extinguishers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://gbcode.rthk.hk/TuniS/news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1469616-20190722.htm|title=At least eight hurt in Yuen Long violence: govt|publisher=RTHK|date=21 July 2019|accessdate=21 July 2019}}</ref> Various citizens has claimed to contact the police through the emergency hotline 999, but was asked to wait for further support. There are no any presence of police officers for more than 3 hours.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hk01.com/%E6%94%BF%E6%83%85/354598/%E5%85%83%E6%9C%97%E9%BB%91%E5%A4%9C-%E5%85%83%E6%9C%97yoho%E8%A1%97%E5%9D%8A%E5%8F%97%E9%A9%9A%E4%B8%89%E5%B0%8F%E6%99%82-%E8%87%B4%E9%9B%BB%E8%AD%A6%E7%BD%B2-%E9%A9%9A%E4%BD%A0%E5%B0%B1%E5%94%94%E5%A5%BD%E5%87%BA%E8%A1%97|script-title=zh:【元朗黑夜】元朗YOHO街坊受驚三小時　致電警署：驚你就唔好出街|publisher=Hong Kong 01|date=21 July 2019|accessdate=21 July 2019}}</ref> Police stations nearby either did not answer or hung up calls requesting for help, and even pulled down the roller gate to stop people from reporting these cases. Officers patrolling the area also did not provide help.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hk01.com/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E/354591/%E5%85%83%E6%9C%97%E9%BB%91%E5%A4%9C-%E7%99%BD%E8%A1%A3%E4%BA%BA%E5%85%83%E6%9C%97%E7%AB%99%E8%81%9A%E9%9B%86-%E8%BF%BD%E6%89%93%E5%B8%82%E6%B0%91%E5%89%8D%E5%A4%95-%E5%85%A9%E8%BB%8D%E8%A3%9D%E8%AD%A6%E8%BD%89%E8%BA%AB%E9%9B%A2%E5%8E%BB|script-title=zh:【元朗黑夜】白衣人元朗站聚集　追打市民前夕　兩軍裝警轉身離去|publisher=Hong Kong 01|date=21 July 2019|accessdate=21 July 2019}}</ref> The white-cloths group left at around mid-night and the police arrived from the opposite entrance of the station almost at the same time. <!-- Citation needed: A recording shows police officers leaving the station when the white cloth group is gathering. --><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://hk.news.appledaily.com/breaking/realtime/article/20190721/59847882|script-title=zh:【無警時份】逾千白衣人「保衞元朗」揮棍舞藤條四處追打黑衣人|department="real time news" section|newspaper=Apple Daily|location=Hong Kong|publisher=Next Digital |date=21 July 2019|access-date=21 July 2019|language=zh-hk|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Pro-Beijing legislator [[Junius Ho]] was also found greeting the white cloth group and calling the suspected gangsters "heroes" in various videos posted online.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hk.news.appledaily.com/local/realtime/article/20190722/59848508|script-title=zh:【無警時份】何君堯向元朗白衣人鼓掌豎拇指：你哋係我嘅英雄|department="real time news" section|newspaper=Apple Daily|location=Hong Kong|publisher=Next Digital |date=21 July 2019|access-date=21 July 2019|language=zh-hk|url-access=subscription}}</ref> The pro-democrats LegCo members signed a petition to condemn the negligence of the police force in the mid-night (local time) after the incident, while pro-Beijing camp [[Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong|DAB]] condemned the violence incident.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www2.hkej.com/instantnews/current/article/2196811/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E6%B4%BE%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E8%81%AF%E7%BD%B2+%E5%BC%B7%E7%83%88%E8%AD%B4%E8%B2%AC%E5%85%83%E6%9C%97%E6%9A%B4%E8%A1%8C%E5%8F%8A%E8%AD%A6%E6%96%B9%E5%A4%B1%E8%81%B7|script-title=zh:民主派議員聯署 強烈譴責元朗暴行及警方失職|department="instant news" section|newspaper=Hong Kong Economic Journal|language=zh-hk|date=21 July 2019|access-date=21 July 2019}}</ref> == Worldwide solidarity protests == On 9 June, at least 29 rallies were held in 12 countries with protesters taking to the streets in cities around the world with significant Hong Kong diaspora, including about 4,000 in London, about 3,000 in Sydney and further rallies in New York City, San Francisco, Los Angeles, [[Boston]], Toronto, [[Vancouver]], Berlin, [[Frankfurt]], Tokyo, [[Perth]], [[Canberra]], [[Melbourne]], [[Brisbane]] and [[Taipei]].<ref name="20190611hongkongfp"/><ref name="scmp3013748"/> In one of the biggest overseas protests, hundreds of demonstrators made of mostly Hong Kong immigrants filled the streets outside the Chinese consulate-general in Vancouver with yellow umbrellas, referencing the [[2014 Hong Kong protests|2014 Occupy protests]], and chanted against the extradition law. More than 60 people gathered outside the [[White House]] in Washington to protest against the bill.<ref name="scmp3013748" /> On 12 June, representatives from 24 Taiwanese civic groups, including [[Taiwan Association for Human Rights]], protested outside Hong Kong's representative office in [[Taipei]], whilst shouting slogans such as "Taiwan supports Hong Kong". In [[Kaohsiung]], around 150 Hong Kong students staged a sit-in protest demanding the Hong Kong government to withdraw the bill.<ref name="AutoV3-28"/> In [[Adelaide]], 150 people protested against the extradition law.<ref name="scmp3014104"/> On 16 June, 10,000 Hong Kong students and Taiwanese supporters held a peaceful sit-in at the [[Legislative Yuan]] in [[Taipei]] to support the protests in Hong Kong.<ref name="washingtonpost033356502"/> <ref>https://www.hongkongfp.com/2019/07/20/road-activism-hong-kong-student-led-anti-extradition-law-solidarity-protests-taiwan/</ref> In [[Auckland]] and [[Adelaide]], around 500 people gathered to demand Chief Executive Lam to withdraw the bill and apologise for her actions.<ref name="thestandard208680"/> On 17 June, 1,500 people protested outside the Chinese Consulate in Vancouver.<ref name="20190616vancouversun"/> On 23 June, 5000 people held a rally in Taipei against Hong Kong's controversial extradition bill.<ref name="Auto3M-20"/> On 14 July a "Sing for Hong Kong" event was held in London.<ref name="Auto3M-21"/><ref name="appledaily59803478"/> == Suicides == [[File: Man protesting Hong Kong's extradition law in Pacific Place 20190615.png|thumb|230px|A protester on scaffolding at [[Pacific Place (Hong Kong)|Pacific Place]] before he fell to his death on 15 June.|alt=]] [[File: Memorial for Lo Hiu-yan in EDUHK 20190630.jpg|230px|thumb|Gathering for Lo Hiu-yan at [[The Education University of Hong Kong]] on 30 June 2019]] [[File: Straw Man in Yellow Raincoat.jpg|thumb|230px|A straw man in yellow raincoat resembling that worn by the first protester who jumped to his death from Pacific Place is still hung over the railing outside the suicide scene in honour of him. ]] Four deaths by suicide occurred during the anti-extradition bill protests. All had left suicide notes decrying the unelected and unresponsive government and the government's insistence on forcing through the extradition bill; they expressed despondency whilst urging Hongkongers to continue their fight.<ref name="auto3"/><ref name= 20190629ON/><ref name="shanghaiist"/> One even stated "What Hong Kong needs is a revolution."<ref name=20190705standnn/><ref name="auto6"/> The first person committed suicide on 15 June, when 35-year-old Marco Leung Ling-kit climbed the elevated podium on the rooftop of Pacific Place, a shopping mall in Admiralty at 4:30&nbsp;pm.<ref name="auto3"/> Wearing a yellow raincoat with the words "Brutal police are cold-blooded" and "Carrie Lam is killing Hong Kong" in Chinese written on the back, he hung a banner on the scaffolding with several anti-extradition slogans.<ref name="time5607742"/> After a five-hour standoff, during which police officers and Democratic Party legislator [[Kwong Chun-yu]] attempted to talk him down, Leung fell to his death on the pavement below, missing an inflatable cushion set up by firefighters.<ref name="auto3"/><ref name=":6"/><ref name="timemartyr"/> A shrine appeared at the scene soon afterward. Organisers asked participants to wear black and bring white flowers to commemorate the deceased for the 16 June march; [[Ai Weiwei]] shared the news on his Instagram feed, while Chinese satirist [[Badiucao]] honoured the dead man with a cartoon.<ref name="timemartyr"/> On Thursday 11 July another vigil was held, in which thousands turned up leaving sunflowers at the memorial site.<ref name="Auto3M-22"/> Artists in [[Prague]] have also honoured the event, and painted a memorial on the [[Lennon Wall]] in the Czech Republic, depicting a yellow raincoat along with words of well wishes.<ref name="Auto3M-23"/> Lo Hiu-yan, a 21-year-old [[Education University of Hong Kong]] student, committed suicide 29 June and jumped from the [[Ka Fuk Estate|Ka Fuk Housing Estate]] in [[Fanling]].<ref name="AutoV3-29"/><ref name="Auto3M-24"/> She left two notes written on a stairwell wall with red marker, urging the movement to press on, and uploaded photos of her note to Instagram.<ref name=appledaily59771130/><ref name="20190629ON"/><ref name="20190629thestandnews"/> A memorial was held the following Friday at the site of her death in [[Fanling]].<ref name="sky11757909"/><ref name="Auto3M-25"/><ref name="Auto3M-26"/> On 30 June a third democracy activist died, when 29-year-old notary office clerk Zita Wu jumped from the [[International Finance Centre (Hong Kong)|International Financial Centre]].<ref name="appledaily59773700"/><ref name="shanghaiist"/> She left a final note on Facebook hoping for victory.<ref name="shanghaiist"/> On Saturday night, 6 July there was a memorial event held for Ms. Wu at [[Edinburgh Place]] in Central.<ref name="Auto3M-27"/><ref name="Auto3M-28"/> Thousands were in attendance, honouring her life with offerings of flowers and candles.<ref name="Auto3M-29"/> On 4 July, a 28-year-old female with the family name of Mak committed suicide by jumping off a building in [[Cheung Sha Wan]].<ref name="time5620873"/> Her suicide note urged a revolution.<ref name="20190705standnn"/><ref name="Auto3M-30"/><ref name="Auto3M-31"/><ref name="auto6"/> Ms. Mak's memorial service was held on the evening of 10 July at [[Edinburgh Place]].<ref name="sunherald232489822"/><ref name="Auto3M-32"/><ref name="Auto3M-33"/> ==Methods== ===Decentralised leadership=== Unlike the [[2014 Hong Kong protests]], the protesters of 2019 have formed a generally [[decentralised]] movement, but are nonetheless "impeccably organised", as described by the ''Los Angeles Times''.<ref name="newactivism"/> The CHRF has a long history of organising social movements and was the organiser of the two massive protests on 9 and 16 June. [[Demosistō]] led by [[Joshua Wong]] and the [[Localism_in_Hong_Kong|localist groups]] called on supporters to participate in marches, rallies and other forms of [[direct action]]. Yet, none of these groups have claimed leadership over the movement. Many pro-democracy legislators were present at the protests, but they largely played supporting roles. The logistics of the movement – bringing supplies, setting up medical stations, rapid mass communication – were the result of experience from previous protests.<ref name="newactivism"/> This decentralisation has led to more fluidity but has also made it difficult for officials to locate representatives for negotiations.<ref name=":3"/> On 1 July, after the protesters had forced their way into the [[Legislative Council of Hong Kong|Legislative Council]], Wong said the act was intended "to show how the Legislative Council has never represented the voice of the people." He also said there would not have been any rallies or protests had the [[Hong Kong Legislative Council]] been democratically elected.<ref name="bbc48824110"/> === Flexible and diverse tactics === Protesters are reported to have adopted [[Bruce Lee]]’s philosophy, to be "formless [and] shapeless, like water."<ref name="Auto3M-34"/> By flowing dynamically to different government offices during the [[2019_Hong_Kong_anti-extradition_bill_protests#Government_offices_occupation_of_21_and_24_June|21 June protests]], they aimed to bring additional pressure to bear on the government.<ref name=":3" /><ref name="20190621hongkongfp"/> The "Do Not Split" (不割席) principle has helped maintain cohesion throughout the broad political spectrum of the struggle.<ref name="auto8"/> Embracing a [[diversity of tactics]] has allowed participants to engage in different levels of action while respecting the roles that others play. Hong Kong political commentator Lewis Lau said, " 'Do Not Split' serves as a bridge ... by promoting mutual respect for diverging views within the protest movement."<ref name="auto8"/> Minimisation of internal conflict is key to achieving broader goals; a common phrase that has served as a reminder is "Preserve yourself and the collective; no division."<ref name="20190711theguardian"/> Protesters also developed a set of hand signs to aid communications.<ref name="channelnewsasia11732322"/> Solidarity between protestors and engagement with the "Do Not Split" [[Praxis_(process)|praxis]] was evidenced by the two mothers' sit-in demonstrations of [[2019_Hong_Kong_anti-extradition_bill_protests#Mothers'_sit-in_of_14_June|14 June]] and [[2019_Hong_Kong_anti-extradition_bill_protests#Mothers'_sit-in_of_5_July|5 July]] and the [[2019_Hong_Kong_anti-extradition_bill_protests#17_July_elderly_march|silver-haired protest]] on July 17.<ref name="sfgate17867462"/> Tens of thousands attended the rallies, in support of the protest actions of the younger generation, while standing firm together in opposition to police brutality, [[Carrie Lam]], and the undemocratic interventionism of the mainland [[Chinese government]].<ref name="20190615hongkongfp"/><ref name="auto7"/><ref name="auto9"/> ===Online activism=== Protesters also took to the Internet to exchange information and ideas. Netizens used the popular online forum [[LIHKG]] to gain traction for protests. These included disrupting [[MTR]] services, gathering for vigils, organising "picnics" (a term used to deflect surveillance), and making anti-extradition bill [[Internet meme|memes]] that appeal to conservative values so that Hong Kong elderly would better understand the anti-extradition rationale.<ref name="newactivism"/> Lulu Yilun Chen of [[Bloomberg News]] stated that protesters used [[Telegram (software)|Telegram]], an encrypted messaging app, to communicate in order to conceal identities and prevent tracking by the Chinese government and Hong Kong Police Force.<ref name="20190613bloomberg"/> The app's [[Server (computing)|servers]] were under [[denial-of-service attacks]] on 12 June. The app's founder [[Pavel Durov]] identified the origin of the attack as China,<ref name="20190615wired"/><ref name="20190613nytimes"/><ref name="bbc48619804"/> and stated that it "coincided in time with protests in Hong Kong."<ref name="theverge18677282"/> Some have accused protesters of "[[doxxing]]" members of the police force. Police claimed to have found a website run by the hacktivist group [[Anonymous_(group)|Anonymous]] that disclosed personal data of more than 600 officers.<ref name="Auto3M-35"/> Legal scholar Professor Richard Cullen stated that he had never seen that degree of cyberbullying against the police before.<ref name="chinadaily37486315"/> In early July, the police arrested eight individuals in connection to the alleged doxxing.<ref name="Auto3M-36"/><ref name="Auto3M-37"/> ===Christian hymn=== [[File:香港柔性力量出動 01.jpg|thumb|A group of Christians singing "[[Sing Hallelujah to the Lord]]" near the Central Government Complex.]] A 1974 Christian [[hymn]] called "[[Sing Hallelujah to the Lord]]" has become the "unofficial anthem" of the anti-extradition protests as it was heard everywhere at the protest sites. On 11 June, a group of Christians began to sing the four-line-verse simple melody at the Central Government Complex as they held a public prayer meeting through the night before the Legislative Council was as scheduled to begin the second reading the following day. On the morning of 12 June the Christians, led by pastors, stood between the crowd and police to help prevent violence and pray for Hong Kong with the hymn.<ref name="sing"/> Under Hong Kong's [[Public Order Ordinance]], religious gatherings are exempt from the definition of a "gathering" or "assembly" therefore more difficult to police.<ref name="time5608882"/><ref name="bbc48715224"/> The song was sung repeatedly over 10 hours throughout the night and a video of the event quickly became viral online.<ref name="sing" /> Hong Kong local ministries, many of whom support underground churches in China, supported the protests. Most Hong Kong churches tend to shy away from political involvement, however many are worried about the effects of the extradition bill on Christians since mainland China does not have [[Freedom of religion in China|religious freedom laws]].<ref name="20190616shanghaiist"/><ref name="20190630hongkongfpSing"/> ===Petition campaigns === [[File:We the People HK Extradition Petition screenshot.png|thumb|right|220x220px|A petition to revoke the [[Citizenship of the United States|U.S. citizenship]] and [[Visa policy of the United States|visas]] of the Hong Kong and China officials who support the extradition bill.]] From May 2019 onwards, multiple petitions against the Bill from over 200 secondary schools, various industries, professions, and neighbourhoods were created.<ref name="20190530hongkongfp"/> More than 167,000 students, alumni and teachers from all public universities and one in seven secondary schools in Hong Kong, including [[St. Francis' Canossian College]] which Carrie Lam attended, also launched online petitions against the extradition bill in a snowballing campaign.<ref name="petition"/> [[St. Mary's Canossian College]] and [[Wah Yan College, Kowloon]], which [[Secretary for Justice (Hong Kong)|Secretary for Justice]] [[Teresa Cheng (politician)|Teresa Cheng]] and Secretary for Security John Lee attended, respectively, also joined the campaign.<ref name="petition"/> Even the alumni, students and teachers at [[St Stephen's College (Hong Kong)|St. Stephen's College]], which the victim in the Taiwan homicide case Poon Hiu-wing attended from Form 1 to Form 3, were unconvinced as they accused the government of using her case as a pretext to force the bill's passage.<ref name="scmp3012119"/> There are also various online petitions including [[We the People (petitioning system)|We the People]] and [[Change.org]]. Generally, the petitions request governments in Western countries to respond to the extradition bill and hold the officials who pushed the bill forward accountable and reprehensible by the means of sanctioning and through revoking their citizenship. One petition urged the French government to strip Carrie Lam of her [[Legion of Honour]] award.<ref name="thestandard129735"/> === Advertising campaign === [[File:190628 New York Times, HK anti-bill advert.jpg|thumb|219x219px|Anti-extradition bill advertisement placed on page A7 of ''[[The New York Times]]'' on 28 June 2019.]] In June, protesters launched an [[Crowdfunding|online crowdfunding campaign]] to place open letters as full-page ads in major international newspapers before the 28 June [[List of G20 summits|G20 summit]] in Osaka, Japan to raise global awareness and appeal for world leaders' intervention on the bill, urging everyone to "ally with [them]" and to "[demand] the preservation of Hong Kong's freedom and autonomy under the Chinese government."<ref name="thestandard130439"/> The goal to raise HK$3&nbsp;million was accomplished in less than four hours, and successfully raised HK$5.45&nbsp;million in less than six hours.<ref name="AutoV3-37"/> The open letter was published by popular international newspapers including ''[[The New York Times]]'', ''[[The Guardian]]'', ''[[The Japan Times|Japan Times]]'', ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', ''[[Süddeutsche Zeitung]]'', ''[[The Chosun Ilbo]]'', ''[[Le Monde]]'' and the online version of ''[[Politico Europe]]''.<ref name="20190628hongkongfp"/><ref name="scmp3016518"/> The advertisements were printed in the local languages of the readership for each periodical, and while graphic design and layout varies, most included the slogan and appeal to "Stand with Hong Kong at G20" along with the open letter.<ref name="thestandard209042"/> === AirDrop broadcast === In June and July, protesters in Hong Kong have been using Apple devices' short-range file transfer service [[AirDrop]] to broadcast anti-extradition bill information to people inside [[MTR]] trains, allowing recipients to read about concerns regarding the proposed law, aiming to raise awareness among the residents in Hong Kong.<ref name="20190702ft"/><ref name="Auto3M-38"/> During the [[2019_Hong_Kong_anti-extradition_bill_protests#Protest_of_7_July|7 July protest]] in [[Tsim Sha Tsui]], a major tourist district, protesters again used [[AirDrop]] to share information regarding protests and concerns about the bill with tourists from mainland China.<ref name="scmp3018133"/> Some shared [[QR codes]] that looked like "free money" from [[Alipay]] and [[WeChat Pay]], but actually redirected to information–written in [[Simplified Chinese]]–about the on-going democratic movement.<ref name="20190709appleinsider"/><ref name="auto15"/> Because AirDrop creates a direct link between local devices, the technology bypasses mainland China's [[Censorship_in_China|censorship]] efforts<ref name="auto15"/><ref name="qz1660460"/> that have distorted and limited information about extradition bill protests.<ref name="Auto3M-39"/><ref name="latimes20190618"/> === Neighbourhood Lennon Walls === [[File:Tai Po Market Station underground tunnel Lennon Wall 20190709.jpg|thumb|A tunnel near the [[Tai Po Market station|Tai Po Market MTR station]], dubbed as the "Lennon Tunnel."]] {{Main|Lennon Wall (Hong Kong)#June to July 2019}} The original [[Lennon_Wall_(Hong_Kong)|Lennon Wall]] has been once again set up in front of the Hong Kong Central Government Offices staircase. During the months of June and July, [[Lennon_Wall_(Hong_Kong)|Lennon Walls]] covered with colourful [[post-it]] note messages for freedom and democracy have "blossomed everywhere" (遍地開花)<ref name="20190713theguardian"/> and appeared throughout the entire Hong Kong.<ref name="twitter1148560104"/><ref name="Auto3M-40"/><ref name="yahoo085236860"/> According to a crowd-sourced map of Hong Kong, there are over 140 Lennon Walls throughout the region.<ref name="Auto3M-41"/> At several Lennon Walls, protesters taped photos of Lam and other officials on the wall and let other citizens slap the photos with a pair of slippers in a manner similar to "[[Villain hitting|petty person beating]]", a local custom.<ref name="channelnewsasia24082018"/> Lennon Walls led to conflicts between pro-democratic and pro-Beijing citizens , some of whom attempted to tear the messages off from the walls and physically assaulted the pro-democratic protesters.<ref name="bbc48946993"/><ref name="auto12"/> Police also removed post-it notes containing officer's personal information from Tai Po, an act which caused the police to be mocked as the "king of tearing off paper" (撕紙皇).<ref name="scmp3017943"/> Lennon Walls have also appeared outside of Hong Kong in the cities of: [[Toronto]], [[Vancouver BC]], Tokyo, Berlin, London, Melbourne, [[Manchester]], Sydney, and Taipei.<ref name="Auto3M-42"/><ref name="Auto3M-43"/><ref name="Auto3M-44"/><ref name="prague"/> Messages of solidarity for the Hong Kong democracy movement have also been added to the very first and oldest [[Lennon Wall]] in Prague.<ref name="prague"/> [[File:190714 HK Protest Incendo 03.jpg|left|thumb|230px|[[Lennon_Wall_(Hong_Kong)|Lennon Wall]] outside of a [[Yoshinoya]] fast-food chain, Hong Kong. A protest against their advertisement decisions.]] === Advertising boycotts === The [[Communications Authority]] received approximately 12,000 complaints criticising that [[TVB]]'s coverage favoured the [[Pro-Beijing_camp_(Hong_Kong)|pro-establishment camp]] and the [[Communist_Party_of_China|CCP]].<ref name="scmp3018074"/> There were accusations that [[TVB]] presented an overly simplified narrative with limited information, therefore avoiding more overt censorship methods.<ref name="Auto3M-45"/> In light of this, some businesses, including the Hong Kong branches of [[Pocari Sweat]] and [[Pizza Hut]], withdrew their advertisements from TVB, delighting anti-extradition protestors but angering Mainland consumers.<ref name="scmp3018251"/> Japanese fast-food chain [[Yoshinoya]] Hong Kong faced accusations of victimising employees who were fighting the extradition bill and who would take time off to join the protests. After an advertisement satirising recent police brutality appeared on the company's Facebook page, the company said it had severed ties with their partnering marketing agency.<ref name="scmp3018423"/> [[File:Hunger strike outside Admiralty Centre 20190709 2.jpg|thumb|right|220x220px|Hunger strikers outside Admiralty Centre. 9 July 2019]] === Hunger strikes === {{See also|2019 Hong Kong anti-extradition bill protests#15 July hunger strikers march}} A group of protesters have been on [[hunger strike]] following the 1 July rally in [[Admiralty,_Hong_Kong|Admiralty]]. Preacher Roy Chan initiated the action and has been joined by about 10 others, including [[Labour Party (Hong Kong)|Labour Party]] lawmaker [[Fernando Cheung]]. They are camped near [[Harcourt Road]] in Admiralty, with many signs displayed to inform the public about their goals. At least five people have vowed to continue fasting until the extradition bill is officially withdrawn.<ref name="Auto3M-46"/><ref name="Auto3M-47"/><ref name="Auto3M-48"/> ==Other movements== As the momentum of the anti-extradition protests continued to grow, several more protests movements focusing on local issues were held in different regions in Hong Kong. === Reclaim Tuen Mun === {{See also|Tuen Mun Park#Noise problem}} On 6 July, people marched in a protest organised by the Tuen Mun Park Sanitation Concern Group. The protest aimed at condemning mainland Chinese middle-aged women singers and dancers, also known by the nickname "dai ma" (大媽), and the elderly men who gave these women "donations" for the noise disturbance and annoyances they have caused in [[Tuen Mun Park]]. Conflicts between the police and the protesters brew as the police escorted a person who allegedly assaulted the marchers away while using pepper spray on the protesters.<ref name=20190705hongkongfp/> The organiser claimed that nearly 10,000 people attended the protest.<ref name="20190707hongkongfpD"/> === Reclaim Sheung Shui === {{Main|Anti-parallel trading protests#2019}} [[File: Female AFP journalist face-hit by HK police with baton.jpg|thumb|A female AFP journalist injured during a protest in Sheung Shui on 13 July 2019.]] On 13 July, a protest was organised in [[Sheung Shui]] for opposing mainland Chinese [[parallel trading in Hong Kong|parallel trading]], with 30,000 attendees claimed by the organiser.<ref name="now355294"/> It was largely peaceful for the first two hours. However, as it went on, the organiser and protesters refused to follow the authorised route, which had [[Sheung Shui Station]] as the destination. Instead, they marched on Sheung Shui Plaza, occupied some roads and started clashing with the police who accused them of unlawful assembly, triggering an hour-long standoff which lasted until late night. A handful of journalists were maliciously attacked by the police.<ref name="Auto3M-49"/><ref name="Auto3M-50"/> During the skirmishes, a number of dispensaries were vandalised by the protesters because they were thought to be complicit in the mainland Chinese [[parallel trading in Hong Kong|parallel trading]]. After the riot police resumed traffic by dispersing the crowd, they chased the crowd onto a footbridge leading to [[Sheung Shui Station]], when a handicapped teenager suddenly jumped off the footbridge for escape, but was rescued jointly by the journalists and police. He was eventually arrested, insulted and ushered into the police van.<ref name="mingpao1563001085"/> === Reclaim HKU === On 13 July, about 300 students attended an on-campus protest to denounce [[Hong Kong University]]'s president and vice-chancellor [[Zhang Xiang]] for his statement on 3 July condemning the "violent storming" of the Legislative Council building on 1 July, and to demand retraction of the statement. Zhang later met the students and agreed to create a forum of dialogue with students.<ref name="20190714hongkongfpB"/> === Journalists' silent march === On 14 July, at 10:30&nbsp;am, journalists and others in the media industry held a silent march from [[Harcourt Garden]] in Admiralty to Police Headquarters in [[Wan Chai]]; then on to the Chief Executive Office to protest against police attacks on the press. Journalists at the front of the march held a large banner that read "Stop Police Violence, Defend Press Freedom." They called on the Chief Executive to defend [[press freedom]] and enforce the Pledge to Uphold Press Freedom decree, which she signed in 2017.<ref name="Auto3M-51"/> The rally was jointly organised by [[Hong Kong Journalists Association]], Hong Kong Press Photographers Association, Independent Commentators Association, Journalism Educators for Press Freedom, as well as staff associations of ''[[Ming Pao]]'', [[Next Media]] and [[RTHK]]. It was attended by approximately 1,500 people.<ref name="scmp3018530"/> == Counter-demonstrations == On 9 June, more than a dozen ships carrying banners with slogans supporting the bill cruised [[Victoria Harbour]].<ref name=":1"/> Around 20 supporters from the Safeguard Hong Kong Alliance, a [[pro-Beijing camp|pro-Beijing activist group]], also showed up at the government quarters to support the bill a few hours before the anti-extradition bill protest.<ref name="thestandard208445"/> On 16 June, around 40 protesters from the pro-Beijing Safeguard Hong Kong Alliance and the [[Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions]] (HKFTU) protested outside the [[U.S. Consulate General, Hong Kong|U.S. Consulate General]] in Central, condemning the US for allegedly interfering in the extradition law.<ref name="AutoV3-38"/> Hundreds of Pro-Beijing supporters gathered in Chater Garden in Central under the banner "Support Hong Kong Police Force, Blessing to Hong Kong" on 22 June; pro-Beijing figures such as legislator [[Priscilla Leung]] and pro-police campaigner [[Leticia Lee]] fronted the rally.<ref name="AutoV3-39"/> On 30 June, a more significant demonstration was organised by pro-Beijing legislator [[Junius Ho Kwan-yiu]] to show solidarity for the police and support for the extradition bill, taking place in front of the government headquarters in Tamar. Former police chief [[Tang King-shing]] and former deputy police commissioner Peter Yam Tat-wing took to the podium, as did artists such as [[Alan Tam]] and [[Tony Leung Ka-fai|Tony Leung]].<ref name="scmp3016689"/> The organisers claimed that 165,000 people attended, while police cited 53,000. There were multiple confrontations as the pro-police supporters ran into small groups of anti-bill protesters wearing black, getting into arguments and scuffles with them as well with journalists covering the event.<ref name=scmp3016689/> The [[Lennon Wall (Hong Kong)|Lennon Wall]] in Admiralty was destroyed by the pro-police supporters<ref name="20190630hongkongfp"/> and pan-democratic Legislative Councilor [[Lam Cheuk-ting]] was physically assaulted.<ref name="thestandard130763"/> On 15 July, dozens of protesters from ten Pro-Beijing groups including the [[Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong]] (DAB) held a demonstration in support of the Police and condemned the protesters for violently attacking the police. <ref name="auto14"/> On 16 July, 20 members of a Hawker Association held a demonstration outside the Wan Chai Police Station, condemning the protests for the drop of 50-60% in their sales. They also thanked the police for their work and called for the authorities to uphold the rule of law. <ref name="Auto3M-52"/> On 17 July, 70 members from the DAB and [[Politihk Social Strategic]] including lawmakers [[Ann Chiang]], [[Elizabeth Quat]], [[Wilson Or]] and [[Junius Ho Kwan-yiu]] held demonstrations outside the Wan Chai Police Station to express their support for the police, urge them to rethink their operations when dealing with ongoing protests and called the government to ban protests until september. <ref name="auto14"/><ref name="inmediahk1065744"/><ref name="20190718hongkongfp"/> On 18 July, around 30 supporters from the Pro-Beijing organisation of The Friends of Hong Kong Association held a demonstration outside the Wan Chai police's headquarters to show their support. They also donated 10 million to the police welfare fund. <ref name="Auto3M-53"/><ref name="thestandnews901000"/> On 19 July, 20 members from the pro-Beijing group, the Justice Alliance led by [[Leticia Lee]] held a demonstration out the Police Headquarters, where they delivered 10,000 juice boxes to the police and called on officers to "show no mercy" to protesters.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/video-gallery.htm?vid=1469244|title=Show no mercy to rioters, Leticia Lee urges police|date=2019-07-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.mingpao.com/ins/%E6%B8%AF%E8%81%9E/article/20190719/s00001/1563514804930/%E3%80%90%E9%80%83%E7%8A%AF%E6%A2%9D%E4%BE%8B%E3%80%91%E6%9D%8E%E5%81%B2%E5%AB%A3%E8%B4%88%E8%AD%A61%E8%90%AC%E7%9B%92%E9%A3%B2%E5%93%81-%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88%E5%BE%80%E5%8A%A0%E5%9C%8B%E9%A0%98%E4%BA%8B%E9%A4%A8%E6%8A%97%E8%AD%B0%E4%BD%95%E9%9F%BB%E8%A9%A9%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E7%99%BC%E8%A8%80|script-title=zh:【逃犯條例】李偲嫣贈警1萬盒飲品 下午往加國領事館抗議何韻詩聯合國發言 (13:39)|date=2019-07-19}}</ref> On 20 July, a demonstration organised by the Pro-Beijing umbrella group: Safeguard Hong Kong Alliance occurred [[Tamar Park]] to show solidarity for the police and support for the extradition bill. The organisers claimed that 316,000 attended, while police cited 103,000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hongkongfp.com/2019/07/20/pictures-safeguard-hong-kong-thousands-rally-support-govt-oppose-violent-protesters/|title=In Pictures: 'Safeguard Hong Kong' - Thousands rally to support gov't and oppose 'violent protesters'|last=Creery|first=Jennifer|last2=Grundy|first2=Tom|date=2019-07-20|website=Hong Kong Free Press HKFP|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-07-21|last3=Chan|first3=Holmes}}</ref> [[Natalis Chan|Chan Pak-cheung]], [[Maria Cordero]], [[Elsie Leung]] and [[Maria Tam]], former police chief [[Tang King-shing]], and pro-Beijing legislators [[Regina Ip]] and [[Starry Lee]] attended and took turns giving speeches on the stage.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3019450/government-supporters-turn-out-hundreds-thousands-hong-kong|title=Hundreds of thousands turn out for pro-police rally next to government HQ|date=2019-07-20|website=South China Morning Post|language=en|access-date=2019-07-21}}</ref> On 21 July, a group of gangsters in white clothes gathered in [[Yuen Long]]. The gangsters wielded weapons such as machetes and wooden clubs and assaulted citizens, journalists, LegCo councillors.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|url=https://hk.news.appledaily.com/local/realtime/article/20190721/59848347|title=【無警時份】警縱容黑幫血洗元朗！惡漢闖港鐵亂打人 林卓廷嘔血|website=Apple Daily 蘋果日報|access-date=2019-07-21}}</ref> Some gangsters rushed into Yuen Long Station in assault of passengers within the train compartment. A reporter from [[Stand News]] and LegCo councillor [[Lam Cheuk-ting|Lam Cheuk-Ting]] was injured in the incident.<ref name=":9" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thestandnews.com/politics/%E5%85%83%E6%9C%97%E7%AB%99%E6%83%A1%E7%85%9E%E6%89%8B%E6%8C%81%E6%9C%A8%E6%A3%92%E6%89%93%E4%BA%BA-%E5%B8%82%E6%B0%91%E8%A8%98%E8%80%85%E8%A2%AB%E8%BF%BD%E6%89%93%E5%8F%97%E5%82%B7-%E6%9C%AA%E8%A6%8B%E8%AD%A6%E5%93%A1%E5%9F%B7%E6%B3%95/?fbclid=IwAR0DOM0z0QLeYUsc1vy_fktxFs0RPZbsoobD3mAsuWFGjtlUXMhQFirDwFg|title=【睇片】元朗站惡煞木棒打人　《立場》記者市民被追打受傷　事發半小時未見警員執法|last=|first=|date=2019/7/21|website=元朗站惡煞木棒打人　市民記者被追打受傷　未見警員執法|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> == Chinese government and media == === Allegations of foreign interference === [[File:2 Million Hong Kong Protestors, 2019-06-16, timelapse.webm|thumb|right|230px|Timelapse video of [[2019_Hong_Kong_anti-extradition_bill_protests#March_of_16_June|16 June protests]].]] After the 9 June protest, the Beijing government blamed "outside interference" and voiced support for the Hong Kong administration. The [[Chinese Foreign Ministry]] accused opponents of the proposed extradition law of "collusion with the West."<ref name="hkfpcollude"/> State-run media such as ''[[China Daily]]'' cited more than 700,000 people backing the legislation through an online petition, "countering a protest by about 240,000 people."<ref name=thestandard208445/><ref name="hkfpcollude" /> Meanwhile, Chinese tabloid ''[[Global Times]]'' dismissed the mass demonstration on 9 June, stating that "some international forces have significantly strengthened their interaction with the Hong Kong opposition in recent months."<ref name="channelnewsasia11611722"/> === Censorship === {{See also|Censorship in China|Censorship in Hong Kong#Censorship after the handover}} The first two weeks of protests were largely ignored by central mainland media outlets, with no major stories published until 17 April.<ref name="Auto3M-54"/> The protests were mostly [[Internet censorship in China|censored from Mainland Chinese]] social media, such as [[Sina Weibo]].<ref name="ft989972"/> Keyword searches of "Hong Kong", "HK" and "extradition bill" led to other official news and entertainment news. Accounts that posted content regarding the protest were also blocked.<ref name="abacusnews3013803"/> By 14 June, censors were said to be working overtime to erase or block news of the protests on social media. "People are very curious and there is a lot of discussion on this event," according to a Weibo censor.<ref name="20190614japantimes"/> On Sina Weibo and [[WeChat]], the term "let's go Hong Kong" was blocked with the platform citing "relevant laws, regulations and policies" as the reason for not showing search results.<ref name="20190613cnbc"/> However, Chinese social media users have circumvented the censors by rotating relevant pictures or even putting logos on them.<ref name="AutoV3-40"/> == International reactions == *{{flagicon|Australia}} Australia – [[Australian Foreign Minister|Minister for Foreign Affairs]] [[Marise Payne]] stated, "Australia supports the right of people to protest peacefully and to exercise their freedom of speech, and we urge all sides to show restraint and avoid violence".<ref name="20190613foreignminister"/> *{{flagicon|Canada}} Canada – [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Canada)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] [[Chrystia Freeland]] released a statement on 12 June, stating that "Canada remains concerned of the potential effects these proposals may have on the large number of Canadian citizens in Hong Kong, on business confidence, and on Hong Kong's international reputation". The statement urged the Hong Kong government to heed the people and the international community, as well as to safeguard the high degree of autonomy, rule of law, and independent judiciary of the territory.<ref name="AutoV3-41"/> *{{flagicon|European Union}} [[European Union]] – The European Union External Affairs Ministry said rights "need to be respected" in Hong Kong on 12 June: "Over the past days, the people of Hong Kong have exercised their fundamental right to assemble and express themselves freely and peacefully. These rights need to be respected"<ref name="globalbacking"/>. MPs of [[European Parliament]] have also proposed motions to be debated among the 29 EU countries during their assembly on 18 July 2019, aiming at seeking EU-wide ban on supplying weapons to [[Hong Kong police]] and demanding the Chinese communist regime to honour the [[Sino-British Joint Declaration]] by stopping objectionable meddling in Hong Kong's internal affairs <ref name="scmp3019077"/>. *{{flagicon|Germany}} Germany – [[German Chancellor|Chancellor]] [[Angela Merkel]]'s spokesman, [[Steffen Seibert]], said the protest was a good sign that the majority of protesters have been peaceful "and we appeal to all concerned to ensure that things remain just as peaceful in Hong Kong".<ref name="AutoV3-42"/> *{{flagicon|Japan}} Japan – [[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Japan)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] [[Tarō Kōno]] said, "I strongly hope that things will be settled early and Hong Kong's freedom and democracy will be maintained".<ref name="qz1643858"/> Prime Minister [[Shinzo Abe]] has cautioned President Xi over recent turmoil in Hong Kong at the [[2019 G20 Osaka summit|G20 Summit]]. Abe told Xi it is important for "a free and open Hong Kong to prosper under "one country, two systems' policy".<ref name="taiwannews3734120"/> *{{flagicon|Macau}} [[Macau]] – On 11 June, following the events in Hong Kong, the Macau SAR government said it would develop a wait-and-see approach in regards to negotiating their own extradition law with Mainland China.<ref name="AutoV3-43"/> *{{flagicon|Taiwan}} [[Republic of China (Taiwan)]] – President [[Tsai Ing-wen]] expressed her solidarity with the people of Hong Kong, remarking that Taiwan's democracy was hard-earned and had to be guarded and renewed, and pledged that as long as she is Taiwan's president, she will never accept "[[one country, two systems]]"; she cited what she considered to be a constant and rapid deterioration of Hong Kong's democracy in merely 20 years' time.<ref name="AutoV3-44"/> She also posted on [[Instagram]] to provide support for "Hongkongers on the front line," saying the Taiwanese people would support all those who fight for free speech and democracy.<ref name="AutoV3-45"/> The [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Taiwan)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Taiwan]] stated they supported Hong Kong's fighting against the extradition bill and for rule of law.<ref name="twitter1138632719"/> They also criticised Hong Kong officials of using Taiwan as an excuse to pass the extradition bill, citing the Hong Kong government had been indifferent to "multiple requests" to extradite Chan Tong-kai on an ad-hoc basis.<ref name="20190615shanghaiist"/> *{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} United Kingdom – [[Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs|Foreign Secretary]] [[Jeremy Hunt]] urged the Hong Kong government to "engage in meaningful dialogue and take steps to preserve Hong Kong's rights and freedoms and high degree of autonomy, which underpin its international reputation". He added that upholding the "one country, two systems" principle, which is legally bound in the [[Sino-British Joint Declaration]], is vital to Hong Kong's future success.<ref name="AutoV3-46"/> The [[British Consulate-General, Hong Kong|British Consulate in Hong Kong]] also opened its doors for protesters in need of sanctuary.<ref name=":4"/> The supply of crowd control equipment (e.g. rubber bullets and tear gas) have been suspended in response to the violence portrayed by the police force.<ref name="scmp3016068"/> Former colonial Hong Kong governor [[Chris Patten]] hoped the (British) government would "have a public enquiry into the demonstrations that have taken place over recent weeks, and to the way they’ve been policed", but he also criticised the storming of the Legislative Council on 1 July.<ref name="AutoV3-47"/> On 3 July, Chinese ambassador to the UK, [[Liu Xiaoming]], was summoned to the UK's [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|Foreign Office]].<ref name="20190703theguardian"/> In mid-July at [[Chatham House]], during one of her last public speeches before leaving office, Prime Minister [[Theresa May]] stated that the [[Sino-British Joint Declaration]] continues to be in force and that it "needs to be abided by, it needs to be respected, and continue to be respected" by China.<ref name="Auto3M-55"/> *{{flagicon|United States}} United States – [[United States Department of State|State Department]] voiced support for the 9 June protesters, and called on the Hong Kong government to ensure "any amendments to the Fugitive Offenders Ordinance should be pursued with great care".<ref name="scmp3013939"/> [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|United States House of Representatives Speaker]] [[Nancy Pelosi]] strongly condemned the bill and offered support to the protesters.<ref name="20190611speaker"/> After the storming of Legislative Council complex, President Trump said, "I think most people want democracy. Unfortunately, some governments don't want democracy"; US State Department urged "all sides to refrain from violence".<ref name="20190702straitstimes"/> However, during the G20 meeting in late June, President Trump reportedly told Chinese President Xi the US would mute its support for the protests in exchange for re-opening US-China trade talks.<ref name="Auto3M-56"/><ref name="Auto3M-57"/> == See also == *[[Hong Kong July 1 marches|2003 Hong Kong 1 July marches]] *[[2010 Hong Kong democracy protests]] *[[2014 Hong Kong protests]] *[[2016 Mong Kok civil unrest]] *[[2019 in Hong Kong]] *[[Umbrella Movement]] *[[Causeway Bay Books disappearances]] *[[Democratic development in Hong Kong]] *[[Human rights in China]] == References == {{Reflist|colwidth=25em| refs= <ref name="AutoV3-1">{{cite news|title= Hong Kong democrats urge leader Carrie Lam to drop extradition law plans entirely and resign; Sunday protest to 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What Videos Show: Tear-gassed, beaten and dragged. Experts in crowd control say the Hong Kong police used excessive force on protesters during a demonstration in June. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/30/world/asia/did-hong-kong-police-abuse-protesters-what-videos-show.html |website=The New York Times |accessdate=8 July 2019}}</ref> <ref name=nytimes1000000066>{{cite web |title=Visual Investigation: Did Hong Kong Police Abuse Protesters? What the Videos Show |url=https://www.nytimes.com/video/world/asia/100000006602584/hong-kong-police-protest-video-investigation.html |website=The New York Times |accessdate=16 July 2019 |format=video}}</ref> <ref name=20190621amnestyA>{{cite news|title=Verified: Hong Kong police violence against peaceful protesters|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2019/06/hong-kong-police-violence-verified/|work=Anmesty International|date=21 June 2019}}</ref> <ref name="AutoV3-14">{{Cite web|url=https://www.police.gov.hk/ppp_en/13_faqs/faq_g.html#q5|title=General Enquiries {{!}} Hong Kong Police Force|publisher=Government of Hong Kong|access-date=30 June 2019}}</ref> <ref name=scmp3015438>{{cite news|title=Questions over credibility of Hong Kong Police Force as security chief says riot squad uniforms have no room for officers’ identity 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extradition protest clashes|date=12 June 2019|website=Hong Kong Free Press|access-date=13 June 2019}}</ref> <ref name="jesus">{{cite news|title=Hong Kong police facing High Court challenge over officer's ‘Jesus’ comment during extradition bill protest|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-and-crime/article/3015184/hong-kong-police-facing-high-court-challenge-over|date=19 June 2019}}</ref> <ref name=independent8957471>{{cite news |last1=Lomas |first1=Claire |title=Hong Kong protests: Police accused of shooting at journalists amid demonstration over China extradition bill |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/hong-kong-protests-video-police-journalists-china-extradition-bill-a8957471.html |accessdate=16 July 2019 |work=The Independent}}</ref> <ref name="AutoV3-16">{{cite news|title=Hong Kong reporters wear helmets to indoor police press conference to highlight police 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after arrests of patients|date=21 June 2019|work=EJ Insight|url=http://www.ejinsight.com/20190621-ha-vows-to-review-data-security-after-arrests-of-patients/}}</ref> <ref name=scmp3016283>{{cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-and-crime/article/3016283/top-hong-kong-police-officer-defends-decision-withdraw|title=Hong Kong police defend decision to withdraw from posts at two hospitals, as tension between public and force intensifies|first=Zhao|last=Shirley|work=[[South China Morning Post]]|date=27 June 2019|accessdate=13 July 2019}}</ref> <ref name=scmp3016220>{{cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-and-crime/article/3016220/hong-kong-police-quit-posts-two-city-hospitals-after|title=Hong Kong police quit posts at two city hospitals after complaining they were verbally abused over extradition bill arrests|first=Siu|last=Phlia|work=[[South China Morning Post]]|date=26 June 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These protests are driven by desperation|first=James |last=Griffiths|publisher=CNN|access-date=4 July 2019}}</ref> <ref name=latimes20190702>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-hong-kong-protests-violence-martyrdom-20190702-story.html|title=Crackdown, arrests loom over Hong Kong as martyrdom becomes part of protest narratives|last=Su|first=Alice|website=Los Angeles Times|access-date=4 July 2019}}</ref> <ref name="AutoV3-24">{{cite web |title=Chief executive slams 'violent, lawless' protests |url=https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1466131-20190702.htm |website=RTHK |accessdate=1 July 2019}}</ref> <ref name=20190703hongkongfp>{{cite web|url=https://www.hongkongfp.com/2019/07/03/hong-kong-govt-accused-omitting-tough-questions-official-transcript-carrie-lams-4am-press-con/|title=Hong Kong gov't accused of omitting ‘tough questions’ in official transcript of Carrie Lam's 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but police take little action to avoid ‘affecting peaceful marchers’|date=2 July 2019|website=South China Morning Post|access-date=4 July 2019}}</ref> <ref name=scmp3017002>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-and-crime/article/3017002/negligent-police-strategy-during-hong-kong-protests|title=‘Negligent’ policing sacrificed force's image and morale, officers say|date=2 July 2019|website=South China Morning Post|access-date=4 July 2019}}</ref> <ref name=20190707hongkongfpC>{{cite web|url=https://www.hongkongfp.com/2019/07/07/violence-condemned-storming-hong-kongs-legislature-not-dispelled-public-sympathy-protesters/|title=Violence condemned, but storming of Hong Kong's legislature has not dispelled public sympathy for protesters|first=Kenneth|last=Ng|work=Hong Kong Free Press|date=7 July 2019|accessdate=14 July 2019}}</ref> <ref name=cnn41356400>{{cite web |last1=Cheung |first1=Eric |title=New manifesto of Hong 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name=scmp3017622>{{cite web |title=Public increasingly backing radical Hong Kong protesters despite unease over violence, say academics, as Carrie Lam's government faces even greater resistance against extradition bill |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3017622/public-increasingly-backing-radical-hong-kong-protesters |website=South China Morning Post |accessdate=8 July 2019}}</ref> <ref name=20190707hongkongfpA>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hongkongfp.com/2019/07/07/just-hong-kongs-anti-extradition-law-protesters-march-china-express-rail-station-spread-message-mainlanders/|title=Organisers say 230,000 Hongkongers march to China express rail station to spread anti-extradition 'message to mainlanders'|last=Chan|first=Holmes|date=7 July 2019|website=Hong Kong Free Press|access-date=7 July 2019}}</ref> <ref name=20190708thestandnewsA>{{Cite 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<ref name="Auto3M-27">{{cite web |title=Ms. Wu Memorial Event |url=https://pbs.twimg.com/media/D-pCeAMU0AEczfr.jpg |website=Twitter CDN |accessdate=8 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714231037/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/D-pCeAMU0AEczfr.jpg|archivedate=14 July 2019}}</ref> <ref name="Auto3M-28">{{cite web |title=Memopads & Markers Memorial Event |url=https://pbs.twimg.com/media/D-pFpMAUIAATc-N.jpg |website=Twitter CDN |accessdate=8 July 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714230229/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/D-pFpMAUIAATc-N.jpg |archivedate=14 July 2019}}</ref> <ref name="Auto3M-29">{{cite web |title=Thousands of civilians gather at Edinburg Place to pay their respect to the female protestor who committed suicide 7 days ago 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name=chinadaily37486315>{{cite web |last1=Li |first1=Bincun |title=Legal expert: Intimidation of Hong Kong police 'unacceptable' |url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hkedition/2019-07/01/content_37486315.htm |website=China Daily |accessdate=15 July 2019}}</ref> <ref name="Auto3M-36">{{cite web |title=8 people arrested for ‘doxxing’ police officers related to extradition bill protests |url=https://coconuts.co/hongkong/news/8-people-arrested-for-doxxing-police-officers-related-to-extradition-bill-protests/ |website=Coconuts Hong Kong |accessdate=15 July 2019}}</ref> <ref name="Auto3M-37">{{cite web |last1=Cheng |first1=Kris |title=Hong Kong police arrest 8 on suspicion of releasing officers’ personal information online |url=https://www.hongkongfp.com/2019/07/03/hong-kong-police-arrest-8-suspicion-releasing-officers-personal-information-online/ |website=HKFP |publisher=Hong Kong Free Press |accessdate=15 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name=20190613foreignminister>{{cite news|title=Statement on protests in Hong Kong|url=https://foreignminister.gov.au/releases/Pages/2019/mp_mr_190612a.aspx|date=13 June 2019|work=foreignminister.gov.au}}</ref> <ref name="AutoV3-41">{{cite web|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2019/06/statement-on-protests-in-hong-kong.html|title = Statement on Protests in Hong Kong | website = Global Affairs Canada| date = 12 June 2019|access-date=15 June 2019}}</ref> <ref name="globalbacking">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jun/13/global-reaction-hong-kong-protest-rights-trump-may|title=Global backing for protest rights as Trump hopes Hong Kong can ‘work it out’|date=13 June 2019|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> <ref name=scmp3019077>{{cite news|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3019077/european-mps-motion-calls-hong-kong-withdraw-extradition-bill|publisher=[[SCMP]]|accessdate=18 July 2019|title=European MPs’ motion calls for Hong Kong to withdraw extradition bill and start democratic reform}}</ref> <ref name="AutoV3-42">{{cite news|title=The Latest: Trump impressed with protests, doesn't take side|date=13 June 2019|url=https://thepublicsradio.org/article/the-latest-germany-reviews-its-hong-kong-extradition-accord|work=The Public's Radio}}</ref> <ref name=qz1643858>{{cite news |last1=Hui |first1=Mary |title=Why foreign governments are so worried about Hong Kong's extradition law |url=https://qz.com/1643858/foreign-governments-are-worried-about-hong-kongs-extradition-law/ |accessdate=16 June 2019 |work=Quartz }}</ref> <ref name=taiwannews3734120>{{cite news|title=Japan says Abe raised Hong Kong with China's Xi|date=28 June 2019|url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3734120|work=The Public's Radio}}</ref> <ref name="AutoV3-43">{{cite news|title=Local gov't developing a wait-and-see approach to possible extradition bill|url=https://www.macaubusiness.com/local-govt-developing-a-wait-and-see-approach-to-possible-extradition-bill/|work=''Macaubusiness.com''}}</ref> <ref name="AutoV3-44">{{cite web|url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aipl/201906100017.aspx|title=Tsai, Lai voice support for Hong Kong extradition bill protesters|date=10 June 2019|website=Focus Taiwan|publisher=The Central News Agency|access-date=11 June 2019}}</ref> <ref name="AutoV3-45">{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BykeVeVFbL2/|title=蔡英文 on Instagram: "我參與過「港澳關係條例」的起草，年輕時也常趁著轉機，跑去香港的書店買當時最新的貿易法專業書籍，順便看看「那些在台灣不一定能看得到的書」。那時，在使用中文的地方裡，台灣還沒有充分出版與#言論的自由，中國則是從來都沒有。香港是我和許多人「買書的地方」。 …"|website=Instagram|access-date=12 June 2019}}</ref> <ref name=twitter1138632719>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/MOFA_Taiwan/status/1138632719464771586|title=I stand shoulder to shoulder with the hundreds of thousands in #HongKong fighting the extradition bill & for rule of law. Please know you are not alone. #Taiwan is with you! The will of the people will prevail! JW #撐香港, #反送中|date=11 June 2019|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs|location=Republic of China|dead-url=|access-date=12 June 2019}}{{Primary source inline|date=June 2019}}</ref> <ref name=20190615shanghaiist>{{cite web|url=http://shanghaiist.com/2019/06/16/taiwan-lambasts-hong-kong-for-using-it-as-an-excuse-in-suspension-of-controversial-extradition-bill/|title=Taiwan lambasts Hong Kong for using it as an excuse in suspension of controversial extradition bill|date=15 June 2019}}</ref> <ref name="AutoV3-46">{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/foreign-secretary-statement-on-protests-in-hong-kong|title=Foreign Secretary statement on protests in Hong Kong|publisher=Government of the United Kingdom|access-date=12 June 2019}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/adam_ni/status/1138742354376945665|title=British consulate opens door to protesters needing sanctuary. #HongKong #antiELAB Other consulates should do the same, immediately.|last=Ni|first=Adam|date=12 June 2019|website=@adam_ni|dead-url=|access-date=12 June 2019}}{{Primary source inline|date=June 2019}}</ref> <ref name=scmp3016068>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3016068/uk-suspends-exports-tear-gas-and-rubber-bullets-hong-kong|title=Britain suspends exports of tear gas and rubber bullets to Hong Kong police|date=26 June 2019|website=South China Morning Post|access-date=26 June 2019}}</ref> <ref name="AutoV3-47">{{Citation|last=Sky News|title=Former Hong Kong governor Chris Patten praises protesters|date=2 July 2019|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zYSf-CW6Npg|access-date=3 July 2019}}</ref> <ref name=20190703theguardian>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/jul/03/foreign-office-calls-in-china-ambassador-over-hong-kong-protests|title=Foreign Office calls in China ambassador over Hong Kong protests|last=editor|first=Patrick Wintour Diplomatic|date=3 July 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=3 July 2019|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> <ref name="Auto3M-55">{{cite web |title=Abide by Joint Declaration, May tells Beijing |url=https://news.rthk.hk/rthk/en/component/k2/1468939-20190718.htm |website=RTHK |accessdate=19 July 2019}}</ref> <ref name=scmp3013939>{{cite news|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3013939/us-state-department-expresses-support-hongkongers-protesting|title=US State Department expresses support for Hongkongers protesting extradition bill|date=11 June 2019|newspaper=South China Morning Post}}</ref> <ref name=20190611speaker>{{cite web|url=https://www.speaker.gov/newsroom/61119-2/|title=Pelosi Statement on Hong Kong Protests and Extradition Bill|date=11 June 2019|website=Speaker Nancy Pelosi|access-date=12 June 2019}}</ref> <ref name=20190702straitstimes>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/world/united-states/trump-says-hong-kong-protesters-looking-for-democracy|title=Trump says Hong Kong protesters 'looking for democracy', US urges all sides to avoid violence|date=2 July 2019|newspaper=The Strait Times}}</ref> <ref name="Auto3M-56">{{cite news|title=Trump softened stance on Hong Kong protests to revive trade talks|url=https://www.ft.com/content/3ef12a1e-a2b8-11e9-a282-2df48f366f7d|work= Financial Times|access-date=11 July 2019}}</ref> <ref name="Auto3M-57">{{cite news|title=Trump cut a deal with China to mute US support for Hong Kong protests in exchange for progress in the trade war, report says|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-xi-jinping-soften-hong-kong-criticism-trade-talks-report-2019-7|work= Business Insider|access-date=11 July 2019}}</ref> <ref name="AutoV3-13">{{cite web |title=Hong Kong: Evidence of police violence against protesters verified |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2019/06/hong-kong-police-violence/ |publisher=Amnesty International |accessdate=8 July 2019}}</ref>}} == External links == * [https://freedomhkg.net/ Free Hong Kong Movement – Open Letter & Timeline] {{HKafter1997}} {{21st-century unrest in China}} {{Ongoing protests}} [[Category:2019 in Hong Kong]] [[Category:2019 protests]] [[Category:2019 in law]] [[Category:Protest marches in Hong Kong]] [[Category:Hong Kong democracy movements]] [[Category:Ongoing protests]]'