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Page ID (page_id) | 65431221 |
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Page title without namespace (page_title) | '2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war' |
Full page title (page_prefixedtitle) | '2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war' |
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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{short description|Armed conflict between Azerbaijan and self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh and their allies}}
{{pp-semi|small=yes}}
{{POV|talk=RfC:_Disputed_or_occupied|date=October 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2020}}
{{use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{infobox military conflict
| conflict = 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war
| partof = the [[Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]] and the [[Russia–Turkey proxy conflict]]
| image = QarabaghWarMap(2020).svg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = Pre-ceasefire situation from 9 November 2020{{efn|For a more detailed map, see [[Template:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict detailed map|military situation in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]].}}
| date = {{nowrap|{{Start date|2020|9|27|df=y}} – {{End date|2020|11|10|df=y}}<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=09|day1=27|year1=2020|month2=11|day2=10|year2=2020}})<ref name="peace">{{cite web|url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/11/09/armenian-pm-announces-end-to-nagorno-karabakh-hostilities-a71997|title=Deal Struck to End Nagorno-Karabakh War|publisher=The Moscow Times |access-date=10 November 2020|date=10 November 2020}}</ref>}}
| place = [[Nagorno-Karabakh Line of Contact|Line of Contact]], [[Nagorno-Karabakh]], [[Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh]], [[Armenia–Azerbaijan border]]
| width = 300px
| coordinates =
| map_type =
| latitude =
| longitude =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| map_label =
| territory = During the war:
* Azerbaijan gains control of 5 cities, 4 towns, 240 villages,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnnturk.com/dunya/son-dakika-haberi-azerbaycan-cumhurbaskani-duyurdu-49-yerlesim-yeri-daha-kurtarildi|title=Son dakika haberi: Azerbaycan Cumhurbaşkanı duyurdu: 49 yerleşim yeri daha kurtarıldı|publisher=CNN Türk|date=9 November 2020|access-date=9 November 2020|language=tr}}</ref> and the entire [[Azerbaijan–Iran border]]
Post-[[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement|ceasefire]]:
* Azerbaijan will retain the areas of Nagorno-Karabakh that it captured during the war, all Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh to be [[cession|ceded]] back to Azerbaijan by 1 December 2020.
* Azerbaijan is granted direct land access to its [[Enclave and exclave|exclave]] of [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchivan]] via a corridor through [[Armenia]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Kramer|first=Andrew E.|date=10 November 2020|title=Facing Military Debacle, Armenia Accepts a Deal in Nagorno-Karabakh War|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/09/world/middleeast/armenia-settlement-nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan.html|url-status=live|access-date=11 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111011541/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/09/world/middleeast/armenia-settlement-nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan.html|archive-date=11 November 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> while Armenia is granted access to Nagorno-Karabakh through [[Lachin corridor]].
| result = Azerbaijani victory<!-- Do not use terms such as "decisive", per [[Template:Infobox military conflict]] --><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/bfb04708-3f6c-4659-b6ed-9ec7b01e75f4|title=Azerbaijan and Armenia agree full ceasefire in Nagorno-Karabakh|date=10 November 2020|publisher=Financial Times|quote=Agreement is seen as victory for Baku and will be monitored by Russian forces}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54882564|title=Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia sign Nagorno-Karabakh peace deal|date=10 November 2020|publisher=BBC|quote=The BBC's Orla Guerin in Baku says that, overall, the deal should be read as a victory for Azerbaijan and a defeat for Armenia.}}</ref>
* [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement|Ceasefire agreement]] signed on 10 November 2020.<ref name="peace"/>
* Azerbaijan retains control over the territories that it recaptured during the war.
* Russian peacekeeping forces to be deployed to the region.<ref name="Turkey, Russia to set up joint center to watch Nagorno-Karabakh peace"/>
* Start of the [[2020 Armenian protests]].
* [[Memorandum of understanding]] signed on 11 November 2020, for the formation of the Joint Turkish–Russian Center.<ref name="Turkey, Russia to set up joint center to watch Nagorno-Karabakh peace">{{cite web |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkey-russia-to-set-up-joint-center-to-watch-nagorno-karabakh-peace-159920|title=Turkey, Russia to set up joint center to watch Nagorno-Karabakh peace|date=11 November 2020|publisher=Hurriyet Daily News}}</ref>
| combatant1 = '''{{flag|Azerbaijan}}'''
* [[Syrians|Syrian]] [[Mercenary|mercenaries]]<ref name="Macron"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-turkey-syria-idUSKBN26J25A|title=Turkey deploying Syrian fighters to help ally Azerbaijan, two fighters say|agency=Reuters|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008220322/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-turkey-syria-idUSKBN26J25A|url-status=live}}<br />{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54356334|title=Armenia–Azerbaijan conflict: Azerbaijan president vows to fight on|date=30 September 2020|website=bbc.com|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001213255/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54356334|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="guard">{{cite web|last1=Carley|first1=Patricia|title=Turkey recruiting Syrians to guard troops and facilities in Azerbaijan|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/azerbaijan-armenia-turkey-syrians-recruiting-guard-facilities|publisher=Middle East Eye|date=September 29, 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002075651/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/azerbaijan-armenia-turkey-syrians-recruiting-guard-facilities|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/30/nagorno-karabakh-at-least-three-syrian-fighters-killed|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: at least three Syrian fighters killed|first1=Bethan|last1=McKernan |first2=Michael|last2=Safi|date=30 September 2020|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008211028/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/30/nagorno-karabakh-at-least-three-syrian-fighters-killed|url-status=live}}</ref>{{efn|Denied by Azerbaijan<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/9/28/azerbaijan-denies-turkey-sent-it-fighters-from-syria|date=28 September 2020|title=Azerbaijan denies Turkey sent it fighters from Syria|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=7 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007050935/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/9/28/azerbaijan-denies-turkey-sent-it-fighters-from-syria|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="theguardian0410">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/04/nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan-accuses-armenia-of-rocket-attack|date=5 October 2020|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Azerbaijan accuses Armenia of rocket attack|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=11 October 2020}}</ref> and Turkey.<ref>{{cite news|title=Türkiye'nin Dağlık Karabağ'a paralı asker gönderdiği iddiası|date=29 September 2020 |url=https://www.dw.com/tr/t%C3%BCrkiyenin-da%C4%9Fl%C4%B1k-karaba%C4%9Fa-paral%C4%B1-asker-g%C3%B6nderdi%C4%9Fi-iddias%C4%B1/a-55088342|publisher=Deutsche Welle|language=tr|access-date=11 October 2020 |archive-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002022949/https://www.dw.com/tr/t%C3%BCrkiyenin-da%C4%9Fl%C4%B1k-karaba%C4%9Fa-paral%C4%B1-asker-g%C3%B6nderdi%C4%9Fi-iddias%C4%B1/a-55088342|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
{{plainlist|
* '''Supported by:'''
* {{flag|Turkey}}<ref>{{cite web|title=F-16s Reveal Turkey's Drive to Expand Its Role in the Southern Caucasus|url=https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/f-16s-reveal-turkeys-drive-expand-its-role-southern-caucasus|publisher=Stratfor|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20201010133045/https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/f-16s-reveal-turkeys-drive-expand-its-role-southern-caucasus|archive-date=10 October 2020 |date=8 October 2020|quote=The presence of the Turkish fighter aircraft ... demonstrate[s] direct military involvement by Turkey that goes far beyond already-established support, such as its provision of Syrian fighters and military equipment to Azerbaijani forces.|access-date=11 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>{{efn|Turkey and Azerbaijan deny direct involvement of Turkey.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chausovsky |first1=Eugene|title=Turkey Challenging Russia's Monopoly in the South Caucasus|url=https://cgpolicy.org/articles/turkey-challenging-russias-monopoly-in-the-south-caucasus/|agency=Center for Global Policy |date=7 October 2020|archiveurl=https://archive.vn/g5dqj|archive-date=7 October 2020|quote=... it has been reported (though denied by Turkish and Azerbaijani officials) that Turkish soldiers and aircraft have been directly involved in the fighting.}}</ref><ref name="Everything We Know About The Fighting That Has Erupted Between Armenia And Azerbaijan">{{cite web|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/36777/everything-we-know-about-the-fighting-that-has-erupted-between-armenia-and-azerbaijan|title=Everything We Know About The Fighting That Has Erupted Between Armenia And Azerbaijan|publisher=The Drive |access-date=1 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="azer">{{cite news|title=Turkey supplies T-300 Kasirga rocket system to Azerbaijan|url=https://www.azernews.az/nation/102564.html|publisher=AzerNews|date=21 September 2016}}</ref>}}
}}
----
{{plainlist|
'''Arms suppliers:'''
* {{flag|Israel}}<ref>{{cite news|last1=Melman|first1=Yossi|authorlink1=Yossi Melman|title=As Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict Expands, Israel-Azerbaijan Arms Trade Thrives|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/nagorno-karabakh-conflict-israel-azerbaijan-arms-trade-armenia-iran-1.9212986|publisher=Haaretz|date=7 October 2020|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20201010164114/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/nagorno-karabakh-conflict-israel-azerbaijan-arms-trade-armenia-iran-1.9212986|archive-date=10 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Israel sending weapons to Azerbaijan as fight with Armenia rages on sources|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/world/2020/10/01/Israel-sending-weapons-to-Azerbaijan-as-fight-with-Armenia-rages-on-Sources|agency=Al Arabiya |date=30 September 2020|archiveurl=https://archive.vn/L8TSF|archive-date=3 October 2020|quote=... a US intelligence source told Al Arabiya English that Israel was sending planes full of weapons to Azerbaijan.}}</ref>
}}
| combatant2 = '''{{flag|Armenia}}'''<br />'''{{flag|Artsakh}}'''
* [[Armenian diaspora]] volunteers<ref>{{cite news|last2=Francis|first2=Ellen|last1=Semerdjian|first1=Maria|title=Despite Lebanon's woes, Armenians spring to action for Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN27H157|access-date=1 November 2020|agency=Reuters|date=1 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Zargaryan|first1=Robert|title=Ուղիղ չվերթով Երևան՝ առաջնագիծ գնալու պարտաստակամությամբ|trans-title=By direct flight to Yerevan, ready to go to the front line|url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/30872246.html|website=azatutyun.am|agency=RFE/RL|date=3 October 2020 |archiveurl=https://archive.vn/1CnZr|archive-date=6 October 2020|language=hy}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Cragg|first1=Gulliver|title=Armenian volunteer returns from France to fight for Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20201007-armenian-volunteer-returns-from-france-to-fight-for-nagorno-karabakh|agency=France24|date=7 October 2020|archiveurl=https://archive.vn/AGD2D|archive-date=7 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Harounyan|first1=Stéphanie|title=De Marseille à Erevan, un militant marqué au front|url=https://www.liberation.fr/france/2020/10/11/de-marseille-a-erevan-un-militant-marque-au-front_1802057|newspaper=Libération|date=11 October 2020|language=fr}}</ref>
----
{{plainlist|
* '''Arms suppliers:'''
* {{flag|Russia}}{{efn|Alleged by Azerbaijan,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/az/dagliq_qarabag/Prezident-Ermnistanin-thluksizliyi-pulsuz-silahlanmasi-Rusiya-trfindn-tmin-edilir-609813|title=Prezident: "Ermənistanın təhlükəsizliyi, pulsuz silahlanması Rusiya tərəfindən təmin edilir"|website=apa.az|date=11 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|language=az|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011141759/https://apa.az/az/dagliq_qarabag/Prezident-Ermnistanin-thluksizliyi-pulsuz-silahlanmasi-Rusiya-trfindn-tmin-edilir-609813|url-status=live}}</ref> and reports that Russia supplied arms to Armenia via Iran.<ref name="bneIranArmeniaarmsshipment"/><ref name="AzerbaijanclaimsIRARMarmstrade1"/><ref name="AzerbaijanclaimsIRARMarmstrade2"/> It has been denied by Iran.<ref name="Irandeniesarmstrade1"/><ref name="Irandeniesarmstrade2"/>}}
}}
| commander1 = {{plainlist|
* {{flagdeco|Azerbaijan}} [[Ilham Aliyev]]
* {{flagdeco|Azerbaijan}} [[Zakir Hasanov]]
* {{flagdeco|Azerbaijan}} [[Najmaddin Sadigov]]
* {{flagdeco|Azerbaijan}} [[Mais Barkhudarov]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mod.gov.az/en/news/major-general-mayis-barkhudarov-we-will-fight-to-destroy-the-enemy-completely-32376.html|title=Major General Mayis Barkhudarov: "We will fight to destroy the enemy completely|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008052224/https://mod.gov.az/en/news/major-general-mayis-barkhudarov-we-will-fight-to-destroy-the-enemy-completely-32376.html|archive-date=8 October 2020|date=September 28, 2020|publisher=Azerbaijani Ministry of Defence}}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|Azerbaijan}} [[Hikmat Mirzayev]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.president.az/articles/41714|title=Release of the Press Service of the President|website=president.az|publisher=Official website of the President of Azerbaijan|date=4 October 2020|access-date=7 October 2020|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009090742/https://en.president.az/articles/41714|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|Azerbaijan}} [[Hikmat Hasanov]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apa.az/en/domestic-news/President-Ilham-Aliyev-congratulates-1st-Army-Corps-Commander-Hikmet-Hasanov-on-liberation-of-Madagiz-from-occupation-331987|title=President Ilham Aliyev congratulates 1st Army Corps Commander Hikmet Hasanov on liberation of Madagiz from occupation|website=apa.az|date=3 October 2020|access-date=3 October 2020 |quote=President Ilham Aliyev has congratulated 1st Army Corps Commander Hikmet Hasanov on liberation of Madagiz, APA reports.}}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|Azerbaijan}} [[Elchin Guliyev]]<ref name="azesbs">{{cite web|url=https://azertag.az/en/xeber/1617731|title=Release of the Press Service of the President|agency=Azerbaijan State News Agency|date=19 October 2020 |access-date=20 October 2020|quote=Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Azerbaijan, President Ilham Aliyev congratulated Chief of the State Border Service (SBS), Colonel General Elchin Guliyev on raising the Azerbaijani flag over the Khudafarin bridge, liberating several residential settlements with the participation of the SBS, and instructed to convey his congratulations to all personnel. Colonel General Elchin Guliyev reported that the State Border Service personnel will continue to decently fulfill all the tasks set by the Commander-in-Chief.}}</ref>
}}
| commander2 = {{plainlist|
* {{flagdeco|Artsakh}} [[Arayik Harutyunyan]]
* {{flagdeco|Artsakh}} [[Jalal Harutyunyan]]{{WIA}}<ref name=jalal>{{cite web|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/27/jalal-harutyunyan-wounded-mikael-arzumanyan-appointed-artsakh-defense-minister|title=Jalal Harutyunyan wounded, Mikael Arzumanyan appointed Artsakh Defense Minister|date=27 October 2020}}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|Artsakh}} Mikael Arzumanyan<ref name=jalal />
* {{flagdeco|Artsakh}} Artur Sargsyan{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.am/eng/news/611128.html|title=Artsakh Defense Army deputy commander killed|date=2 November 2020}}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|Armenia}} [[Nikol Pashinyan]]
* {{flagdeco|Armenia}} [[David Tonoyan]]
* {{flagdeco|Armenia}} [[Onik Gasparyan]]
* {{flagdeco|Armenia}} [[Tiran Khachatryan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/22/tiran-khachatryan-national-hero-of-the-republic-of-armenia/|title=Tiran Khachatryan – National Hero of the Republic of Armenia|date=2020-10-22|website=armradio.am|publisher=Public Radio of Armenia}}</ref>
}}
| units1 = {{flagicon image|Coat of arms of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces.png|size=15px}} [[Azerbaijani Armed Forces]]
* 3rd Corps<ref name="mk">{{cite web|url=https://www.mk.ru/politics/2020/11/07/ekspert-ocenil-poteri-armenii-i-azerbaydzhana-v-nagornom-karabakhe.html|title=Эксперт оценил потери Армении и Азербайджана в Нагорном Карабахе|language=ru|publisher=Moskovsky Komsomolets|date=7 November 2020|access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref>
* 4th Corps
* Nakhchivan Army<ref name="mk"/>
* {{flagicon image|Azerbaijani Special Forces badge.svg|size=15px}} [[Special Forces of Azerbaijan|Special Forces]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bizimyol.info/az/news/301032.html?fbclid=IwAR10M4ffyYzs0y-HxzHaE7SeZkQz9QK5fZFXP0RTtSKgBfhGFQO_Ev6feuc|title=Qarabağın qəlbi necə azad olundu: 300 spartalının əfsanəsi gerçək oldu Şuşada|work=Bizim Yol|language=az|date=9 November 2020|access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref><br />
{{flagicon image|Azerbaijan Border Guards Standard (Reverse).svg|size=15px}} [[State Border Service (Azerbaijan)|State Border Service]]<ref name="azesbs" />
Syrian mercenaries<ref name="SOHR1"/><ref name="Everything We Know About The Fighting That Has Erupted Between Armenia And Azerbaijan"/>
* {{flagicon image|Logo of the Hamza Division.jpg}} [[Hamza Division (Aleppo)|Hamza Division]]
* {{flagicon image|Sultan Murat Tümeni Flag.svg}} [[Sultan Murad Division]]
| units2 = {{flagicon image|Army Artsakh.jpg}} [[Artsakh Defence Army]]<br />{{flagicon image|Armmil zinanshan.jpg}} [[Armed Forces of Armenia]]<br />{{flagicon image|National Security Service of the Republic of Armenia.png|size=15px}} [[National Security Service (Armenia)|National Security Service]]<ref>[https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1034989/ 46 servicemen of Armenia NSS border troops killed during NK war]</ref>
| strength1 = {{plainlist|
* Unknown regular military
* 2,580 Syrian fighters<ref name="syriandead"/>}}
{{Collapsible list|title=Equipment:|Various types of tanks and armored vehicles including [[T-90]], [[T-72]], [[BMP-1]], [[BMP-2]], [[BMP-3]] and [[BTR-80|BTR-82]]<ref name="Everything We Know About The Fighting That Has Erupted Between Armenia And Azerbaijan"/><ref name="What Open Source Evidence Tells Us About The Nagorno-Karabakh War">{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/sebastienroblin/2020/10/23/what-open-source-evidence-tells-us-about-the-nagorno-karabakh-war/?sh=81195e26f4be|title=What Open Source Evidence Tells Us About The Nagorno-Karabakh War|publisher=Forbes|access-date=12 November 2020}}</ref>
|Unknown number of [[Bayraktar TB2]] [[Unmanned combat aerial vehicle|combat drone]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/a-military-breakdown-of-the-azerbaijan-armenia-conflict-40175 |first=Adam|last=Bensaid|publisher=TRTWorld|title=A military breakdown of the Azerbaijan–Armenia conflict|date=29 September 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=7 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007172235/https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/a-military-breakdown-of-the-azerbaijan-armenia-conflict-40175|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="What Open Source Evidence Tells Us About The Nagorno-Karabakh War"/>
|Unknown number of [[IAI Harop]], [[Aeronautics Defense Orbiter|Orbiter 1K]] and [[STM Kargu]] [[Loitering munition|suicide drones]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/israeli-drones-in-azerbaijan-raise-questions-on-use-in-the-battlefied-644161|title=Israeli drones in Azerbaijan raise questions on use in the battlefield|first=Seth J.|last=Frantzman|newspaper=Jerusalem Post|date=1 October 2020 |access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009015409/https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/israeli-drones-in-azerbaijan-raise-questions-on-use-in-the-battlefied-644161|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.milliyet.com.tr/galeri/son-dakika-goruntu-dunyayi-calkaladi-siha-vurdu-bir-baska-drone-6319256|title=Son dakika... Görüntü dünyayı çalkaladı! SİHA vurdu, bir başka drone...|publisher=Milliyet|language=tr|date=1 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011141818/https://www.milliyet.com.tr/galeri/son-dakika-haberleri-ermeni-komutanlarla-masada-oturana-bak-6319256|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=cnnturk/>
|Unknown number of converted [[Antonov An-2]] used as unmanned drone for different roles<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hetq.am/en/article/123071|title=Azerbaijani Military Retools Old Crop Duster Planes as Attack Drones|date=14 October 2020|publisher=Hetq Online}}</ref>
| Various [[Multiple rocket launcher|MLRs]] including [[Kasirga rocket system|TRG-300]] guided MLRs and [[BM-30 Smerch]]es<ref>{{cite web|title=Missiles, rockets and drones define Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict
|url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/missiles-rockets-and-drones-define-azerbaijan-armenia-conflict-644365|publisher=The Jerusalem Post|access-date=18 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="What Open Source Evidence Tells Us About The Nagorno-Karabakh War"/>
| Various [[Surface-to-air missile|anti-aircraft missiles]] including [[S-300 missile system|S-300]]s<ref name="Azerbaijan shoots down Armenian Su-25 fighter jet">{{cite web |url=https://www.trtworld.com/asia/azerbaijan-shoots-down-armenian-su-25-fighter-jet-40674|title=Azerbaijan shoots down Armenian Su-25 fighter jet|publisher=TRT World|access-date=12 November 2020}}</ref>
| Various artillery<ref name="Cities under fire as Armenia-Azerbaijan fighting intensifies">{{cite web|url=https://today.rtl.lu/news/world/a/1590159.html|title=Cities under fire as Armenia-Azerbaijan fighting intensifies|publisher=RTL Today|access-date=12 November 2020}}</ref>
}}
| strength2 = {{plainlist|
* Unknown regular military}}
{{Collapsible list|title=Equipment:| [[T-72]] tanks and various types of armored vehicles including [[BMP-1]], [[BMP-2]] and [[MT-LB]]<ref name="Everything We Know About The Fighting That Has Erupted Between Armenia And Azerbaijan"/><ref name="What Open Source Evidence Tells Us About The Nagorno-Karabakh War"/>
| [[Scud|Scud-B]] and [[OTR-21 Tochka]] [[tactical ballistic missile]]s<ref name="What Open Source Evidence Tells Us About The Nagorno-Karabakh War"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia, Azerbaijan announce new attempt at cease-fire|url=https://apnews.com/article/international-news-ilham-aliyev-azerbaijan-armenia-51d168ecbfe86cfd9a9ba08767f6e1d7|publisher=AP News|access-date=19 October 2020}}</ref>
| Various [[Multiple rocket launcher|MLRs]] including [[BM-30 Smerch]]es, [[WM-80 MRL|WM-80]]s and [[BM-21 Grad]]s <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f943a7ac4548e02bf3cc26b%26%262020-10-24T14%3A30%3A19.028Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:fe950852-c7ae-417d-a14b-229013c4b98b&pinned_post_asset_id=5f943a7ac4548e02bf3cc26b&pinned_post_type=share|title=Село Тапкаракоюнлу, примерно в 60 километрах от города Гянджа. Военный показывает журналистам ракету "Смерч" перед разминированием.|date=24 October 2020|access-date=24 October 2020|language=ru|publisher=BBC Russian Service}}</ref><ref name="What Open Source Evidence Tells Us About The Nagorno-Karabakh War"/>
| Various [[Surface-to-air missile|anti-aircraft missiles]] including [[S-300 missile system|S-300]]s, [[9K33 Osa|Osa]]s and [[9K35 Strela-10|Strela-10]]s<ref name="Everything We Know About The Fighting That Has Erupted Between Armenia And Azerbaijan"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Azerbaijani used TB2 drone to destroy second S-300 SAM of Armenia|url=https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2020/10/11/azerbaijani-used-tb2-drone-to-destroy-second-s-300-sam-of-armenia/|publisher=Global Defense Corp|access-date=1 November 2020}}</ref>
| Various types of [[anti-tank guided missile]]s<ref name="Everything We Know About The Fighting That Has Erupted Between Armenia And Azerbaijan"/>
| Various artillery<ref name="Cities under fire as Armenia-Azerbaijan fighting intensifies"/>
| [[Sukhoi Su-25|Su-25]] [[Close air support|ground attack aircraft]]<ref name="Azerbaijan shoots down Armenian Su-25 fighter jet"/>
}}
| casualties1 = '''Per Azerbaijan:'''
* Undisclosed<ref name="armenianKIA">{{cite news|title=Artsakh reports more KIAs|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1034769.html|access-date=10 November 2020|agency=Armenpress|date=13 November 2020}}</ref>
'''Per [[Syrian Observatory for Human Rights|SOHR]]:'''
* 293 Syrian mercenaries killed<ref name="syriandead">{{cite web|date=14 November 2020|title= Turkish-backed mercenaries {{!}} Nearly 800 Syrian fighters killed in Libya and Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/192201/|access-date=14 November 2020|publisher=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights}}</ref>
----
See [[Casualties of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war|Casualties]] for details
| casualties2 = '''Per Armenia:'''
* 2,425 servicemen killed<ref name="ArmenianKIA">{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/nikol-pashinian-azerbaijan-armenia-yerevan-e05ea4d7d43e0111cd142861dec105ec|title=Armenia raises Nagorno-Karabakh conflict troop toll to 2,425|date=18 November 2020|publisher=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref>
* 21 servicemen captured<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/264069/|title=СК Армении: "В Азербайджане находится 21 военнопленный-армянин"|date=6 November 2020|access-date=6 November 2020 |publisher=Armenian Report|language=ru}}</ref>
* Several hundred missing<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1034974.html|title=There are several hundred missing soldiers on Armenian side – PM Pashinyan|date=16 November 2020}}</ref>
----
See [[Casualties of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war|Casualties]] for details
| casualties3 = {{plainlist|
* 4,000+ killed overall (per Russia)<ref>{{cite web|title=Russia says discussing U.N. presence in Nagorno-Karabakh as its troops deploy|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-armenia-azerbaijan-russia-un/russia-says-discussing-u-n-presence-in-nagorno-karabakh-as-its-troops-deploy-idUKKBN27T2C0|access-date=2020-11-13}}</ref>
* 93 Azerbaijani<ref name="AzerCivs">{{cite web|url=https://www.azernews.az/aggression/172354.html|title=Civilian death toll in Armenian attacks reaches 93|author=Ayya Lmahamad|date=9 November 2020 |website=azernews.az}}</ref> and 54 Armenian civilians killed<ref name="armeniacividead">{{cite news|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1033921/|title=50 Armenian civilians killed by Azerbaijani armed forces so far|date=4 November 2020|access-date=4 November 2020|url-status=live}}<br />[https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1031392.html Azerbaijani targeting of civilians has claimed lives of 31 in Artsakh]</ref>
* 407 Azerbaijani and 148 Armenian civilians injured<ref name="AzerCivs"/><ref name="armeniacividead"/>
* 1 Russian [[Mi-24]] shot down, 2 crew members killed, 1 injured<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/nagorno-karabakh-russian-helicopter-shot-down-over-armenia/a-55547913|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Russian helicopter shot down over Armenia|first=Deutsche|last=Welle (dw.com)|publisher=DW}}</ref>
* 2 Armenian,<ref>{{cite web|title=Caucasus: 4 Journalists Injured in Nagorno-Karabakh Fighting|url=https://www.voanews.com/press-freedom/caucasus-4-journalists-injured-nagorno-karabakh-fighting|publisher=Voice of America|date=1 October 2020|access-date=21 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> 1 Azerbaijani,<ref name="anarshushali" /> 2 French<ref>{{cite web|title=Two French journalists seriously wounded after shelling in Nagorno-Karabakh|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-journalists-condit-idUSKBN26M5U7|agency=Reuters|date=1 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=1 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001144332/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-journalists-condit-idUSKBN26M5U7|url-status=live}}</ref> and 3 Russian journalists injured<ref>{{cite news|url=https://rg.ru/2020/10/08/mid-rf-rossijskie-zhurnalisty-v-karabahe-poluchili-srednie-i-tiazhelye-raneniia.html|title=МИД РФ: Российские журналисты в Карабахе получили средние и тяжелые ранения |date=2020-10-08|publisher=Rossiyskaya Gazeta|access-date=2020-10-08|language=ru|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011141852/https://rg.ru/2020/10/08/mid-rf-rossijskie-zhurnalisty-v-karabahe-poluchili-srednie-i-tiazhelye-raneniia.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 1 Iranian civilian injured from stray fire<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/iran-comes-under-attack-as-fighting-between-armenia-azerbaijan-spreads-across-border/|title=Iran comes under attack as fighting between Armenia–Azerbaijan spreads across border|work=Almasdar News|date=3 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009042858/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/iran-comes-under-attack-as-fighting-between-armenia-azerbaijan-spreads-across-border/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 40,000 Azerbaijanis<ref name="azerbaijandisplaced">{{cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/SP/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=26464&LangID=E|title=Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: Bachelet warns of possible war crimes as attacks continue in populated areas|publisher=Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights|date=2 November 2020|access-date=2 November 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> and 90,000 Armenians displaced<ref name="riadisplaced">{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20201024/karabakh-1581290908.html|title=Глава МИД Армении назвал число беженцев из-за ситуации в Карабахе|agency=RIA Novosti |date=23 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020|language=ru|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="armenpress90000">{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1032601.html|title=Nearly 90,000 people displaced, lost homes and property in Nagorno Karabakh|publisher=ArmenPress|date=24 October 2020|access-date=24 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>}}<!-- <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan/un-says-nagorno-karabakh-attacks-could-be-war-crimes-idUSKBN27I1RK|title=U.N. says Nagorno-Karabakh attacks could be war crimes|date=2020-11-02|website=reuters.com|agency=Reuters}}</ref> -->
| notes =
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Nagorno-Karabakh conflict}}{{Campaignbox 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war}}
}}
[[File:2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war every day (Liveuamap).webm|thumb|Day-by-day animation of the war. Red: Artsakh; blue: captured by the Azerbaijani army; dotted blue: regions in which Azerbaijani special forces were active.]]
The '''2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war'''{{efn|{{*}}In Armenia, local media sometimes refer to it as '''Azerbaijani aggression''' ({{lang-hy|ադրբեջանական ագրեսիա|translit=adrbejanakan agreˈsia}}, {{IPA-hy|ɑdɾbɛdʒɑnɑˈkɑn ɑgˈɾɛsjɑ}})<ref>{{cite news|title="Azerbaijani aggression has been pre-planned" – Armenian FM sends letter to UN Secretary-General|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029461.html|agency=Armenpress|date=29 September 2020|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20201011091411/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029461.html|archive-date=11 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ghazanchyan|first1=Siranush|title=26 more Armenian troops killed repelling Azerbaijani aggression|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/09/26-more-armenian-troops-killed-repelling-azerbaijani-aggression/ |agency=Public Radio of Armenia|date=9 October 2020|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20201011091401/https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/09/26-more-armenian-troops-killed-repelling-azerbaijani-aggression/|archive-date=11 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> or the '''Azerbaijani-Turkish aggression''' ({{lang-hy|ադրբեջանա-թուրքական ագրեսիա|translit=adrbejana-t'urk'akan agreˈsia}}, {{IPA-hy|ɑdɾbɛdʒɑnɑ-tʰuɾkʰɑkɑn ɑgˈɾɛsjɑ}}).<ref>{{cite news|title=Protest in front of the White House against the Azerbaijani-Turkish aggression|url=https://www.1lurer.am/en/2020/10/09/Protest-in-front-of-the-White-House-against-the-Azerbaijani-Turkish-aggression/331184|publisher=1lurer.am|agency=Public TV of Armenia|date=9 October 2020 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20201011091531/https://www.1lurer.am/en/2020/10/09/Protest-in-front-of-the-White-House-against-the-Azerbaijani-Turkish-aggression/331184|archive-date=11 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>{{indent|2}} {{*}}In Azerbaijan, it has been referred to '''Second Karabakh war''' ({{Lang-az|İkinci Qarabağ müharibəsi}}),<ref>{{cite news|title=Prezident İlham Əliyevin rəhbərliyi ilə Müdafiə Nazirliyinin Mərkəzi Komanda Məntəqəsində operativ müşavirə keçirilib – YENİLƏNİB|url=https://apa.az/az/dagliq_qarabag/Prezident-Ilham-liyevin-rhbrliyi-il-Mudafi-Nazirliyinin-Mrkzi-Komanda-Mntqsind-operativ-musavir-kecirilib-colorredYENILNIBcolor-612152|website=apa.az|date=25 October 2020|access-date=25 October 2020|url-status=live|language=az}}</ref> '''Operation for peace enforcement of Armenia''' ({{Lang-az|Ermənistanı sülhə məcburetmə əməliyyatı}}),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Assistant-to-President-of-Azerbaijan:-%22First-phase-of-operation-for-peaceenforcement-of-Armenia-was-successfully-completed%22-332582|title=Assistant to President of Azerbaijan: "First phase of operation for peaceenforcement of Armenia was successfully completed"|date=11 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010125828/https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Assistant-to-President-of-Azerbaijan:-%22First-phase-of-operation-for-peaceenforcement-of-Armenia-was-successfully-completed%22-332582|url-status=live}}</ref> or '''Counter-offensive operation'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://menafn.com/1100863723/Defense-Ministry-Azerbaijan-Armys-Troops-launches-counter-offensive-operation-along-entire-front|date=29 September 2020|title=Defense Ministry: Azerbaijan Army's Troops launches counter-offensive operation along entire front}}</ref> ({{lang-az|Əks-hücum əməliyyatı}}) by the government.}} was an armed conflict between [[Azerbaijan]], supported by [[Turkey]], and the self-proclaimed [[Republic of Artsakh]] together with [[Armenia]], in the disputed region of [[Nagorno-Karabakh]]. It was the latest escalation of an unresolved [[Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|conflict over the region]], which is internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan, but partially governed by Artsakh, a [[List of states with limited recognition|breakaway state]] with an Armenian ethnic majority.{{efn|At the end of Soviet period, the [[Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast]] was recorded as being populated by 76.9% Armenians, 21.5% Azerbaijanis, and 1.5% other groups, totalling 188,685 persons, in the 1989 census. The surrounding districts, occupied by the Republic of Artsakh since the 1994 ceasefire, were recorded in the 1979 census to have a population of 97.7% [[Azerbaijanis]], 1.3% [[Kurds]], 0.7% [[Russians]], 0.1% [[Armenians]], and 0.1% [[Lezgins]], for a total of 186,874 persons. This does not include the populations of [[Fuzuli Rayon]] and [[Agdam Rayon]], which were only partially under Armenian control before the 2020 war.}}
Clashes began on the morning of 27 September 2020 along the [[Nagorno-Karabakh Line of Contact]], which had been established in the aftermath of the [[First Nagorno-Karabakh War]] (1988–1994). In response to the clashes, Armenia and Artsakh introduced [[martial law]] and total [[mobilization]],<ref name="bbc_270920">{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Armenia and Azerbaijan erupt into fighting over disputed Nagorno-Karabakh|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54314341|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928055530/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54314341|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://in.reuters.com/article/armenia-azerbaijan-martial-law/nagorno-karabakh-announces-martial-law-and-total-mobilization-idINKBN26I086?il=0|title=Nagorno-Karabakh announces martial law and total mobilization|agency=Reuters|date=27 September 2020|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011141606/https://in.reuters.com/article/armenia-azerbaijan-martial-law/nagorno-karabakh-announces-martial-law-and-total-mobilization-idINKBN26I086?il=0|url-status=live}}</ref> while Azerbaijan introduced martial law and a [[curfew]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/armenia-azerbaijan-curfew/azerbaijans-parliament-approves-martial-law-curfews-presidents-aide-idINKBN26I0OU|title=Azerbaijan's parliament approves martial law, curfews – president's aide|agency=Reuters|date=27 September 2020|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928062034/https://www.reuters.com/article/armenia-azerbaijan-curfew/azerbaijans-parliament-approves-martial-law-curfews-presidents-aide-idINKBN26I0OU|url-status=live}}</ref> later declaring partial mobilization on 28 September 2020.<ref>{{cite web|title=Azerbaijan's president orders partial military mobilization |url=https://tass.com/world/1205799|access-date=2020-10-26|website=tass.com}}</ref> Turkey provided military support to Azerbaijan, although the extent of this support has been disputed.<ref name="russiamatters01"/><ref name="voa28sep">{{cite news|last1=Jones|first1=Dorian|title=Turkey Vows Support for Azerbaijan in Escalating Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict|url=https://www.voanews.com/south-central-asia/turkey-vows-support-azerbaijan-escalating-nagorno-karabakh-conflict|publisher=Voice of America|date=28 September 2020|archiveurl=https://archive.vn/OjQNm|archive-date=30 September 2020|quote={{-'}}Turkey is already supporting Azerbaijan militarily, through technical assistance through arms sales, providing critical military support, especially in terms of armed drones and technical expertise', said Turkish analyst Ilhan Uzgel.}}</ref> Turkey's involvement is thought to have been an attempt to extend its sphere of influence, both by increasing the standing of Azerbaijan in the conflict and by marginalizing Russia's influence over the region.<ref name="russiamatters01"/><ref name="nyt_011020"/>
International analysts believe that fighting likely began with an Azerbaijani [[Offensive (military)|offensive]],<ref name="russiamatters01">{{cite web|last1=Kofman|first1=Michael|title=Armenia–Azerbaijan War: Military Dimensions of the Conflict|url=https://www.russiamatters.org/analysis/armenia-azerbaijan-war-military-dimensions-conflict|website=russiamatters.org|publisher=Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs|archiveurl=https://archive.vn/7V4MH|archive-date=3 October 2020|date=2 October 2020|quote=On 27 September 2020, Azerbaijan launched a military offensive, resulting in fighting that spans much of the line of contact in the breakaway region of Nagorno-Karabakh...}}</ref><ref name="eurasianet_290920">{{cite web|last1=Kucera|first1=Joshua|date=29 September 2020|title=As fighting rages, what is Azerbaijan's goal?|url=https://eurasianet.org/as-fighting-rages-what-is-azerbaijans-goal|access-date=29 September 2020|website=eurasianet.org|quote=The Azerbaijani offensive against Armenian forces is its most ambitious since the war between the two sides formally ended in 1994.|archive-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004115811/https://eurasianet.org/as-fighting-rages-what-is-azerbaijans-goal |url-status=live}}</ref> and that the primary goal of the offensive was to reclaim districts in southern Nagorno-Karabakh that are less mountainous and thus easier to take than the region's well-fortified interior.<ref name="fp_280920">{{cite news|last=Palmer|first=James|date=28 September 2020|title=Why Are Armenia and Azerbaijan Heading to War?|publisher=Foreign Policy |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/09/28/why-are-armenia-azerbaijan-heading-to-war-nagorno-karabakh/|access-date=29 September 2020|archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928222614/https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/09/28/why-are-armenia-azerbaijan-heading-to-war-nagorno-karabakh/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="eadaily_021020"/> The war was marked by the deployment of [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|drones]], sensors, long-range heavy artillery<ref name=":2">{{cite web|last=Gatopoulos|first=Alex|title=The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is ushering in a new age of warfare|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2020/10/11/nagorno-karabakh-conflict-ushering-in-new-age-of-warfare|access-date=2020-10-15|website=aljazeera.com}}</ref> and [[missile]] strikes, as well as by state propaganda and the use of official social media accounts in online [[information warfare]].<ref name=":9">{{cite news|last=Mirovalev|first=Mansur|date=15 October 2020|title=Armenia, Azerbaijan battle an online war over Nagorno-Karabakh|agency=Al Jazeera|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2020/10/15/karabakh-info-war|url-status=live}}</ref> Total casualties on both sides may be in the low thousands.<ref name=":4"/>
Numerous countries and the [[United Nations]] strongly condemned the fighting and called on both sides to de-escalate tensions and resume meaningful negotiations without delay.<ref name="f24_300920">{{cite web |date=2020-09-30|title=UN Security Council calls for immediate end to fighting in Nagorno-Karabakh|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200930-un-security-council-calls-for-immediate-end-to-fighting-in-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=2020-09-30|agency=Associated Press|website=france24.com|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009133111/https://www.france24.com/en/20200930-un-security-council-calls-for-immediate-end-to-fighting-in-nagorno-karabakh|url-status=live}}</ref> Three ceasefires brokered by Russia, France, and the United States failed to stop the fighting.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hovhannisyan|first1=Nvard |last2=Bagirova|first2=Nailia|date=2020-10-13 |title=Nagorno-Karabakh conflict unacceptable: EU|agency=The Canberra Times|url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/6991293/nagorno-karabakh-conflict-unacceptable-eu/?cs=14232|access-date=2020-11-17}}</ref>
Following [[Battle of Shusha (2020)|the capture]] of [[Shusha]], the second-largest settlement in Nagorno-Karabakh, a [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement|ceasefire agreement]] was signed between the President of Azerbaijan, [[Ilham Aliyev]], the Prime Minister of Armenia, [[Nikol Pashinyan]], and the President of Russia, [[Vladimir Putin]], ending all hostilities in the area from 00:00, 10 November 2020 [[Moscow Time]].<ref name="RIANovosti">{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20201110/karabakh-1583847112.html|title=Путин выступил с заявлением о прекращении огня в Карабахе|date=9 November 2020|access-date=9 November 2020|agency=RIA Novosti|language=ru}}</ref><ref name="RIA Novosti">{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20201110/karabakh-1583845291.html|title=Пашинян заявил о прекращении боевых действий в Карабахе|date=9 November 2020|access-date=9 November 2020|agency=RIA Novosti|language=ru}}</ref><ref name=":18">{{cite news|date=2020-11-10|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Russia deploys peacekeeping troops to region|publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54885906|access-date=2020-11-11}}</ref> The President of Artsakh, [[Arayik Harutyunyan]], also agreed to end the hostilities.<ref name="ria.ru">{{cite web |url=https://ria.ru/20201110/karabakh-1583847338.html|title=Президент непризнанной НКР дал согласие закончить войну|date=9 November 2020|access-date=9 November 2020|agency=RIA Novosti|language=ru}}</ref> Under the agreement, the warring sides will keep control of their currently held areas within Nagorno-Karabakh, while Armenia will return the surrounding territories it occupied in 1994 to Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan will also gain land access to its [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchivan]] exclave bordering [[Turkey]] and [[Iran]].<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/09/world/middleeast/armenia-settlement-nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan.html</ref> Approximately 2,000 Russian soldiers will be deployed as peacekeeping forces along the Lachin corridor between Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh for a mandate of at least five years.<ref name="peace"/>
{{TOC limit}}
== Background ==
{{further|History of Nagorno-Karabakh}}
The territorial ownership of Nagorno-Karabakh is fiercely contested between Armenians and Azerbaijanis. The [[Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|current conflict]] has its roots in events following [[World War I]] and today the region is ''[[de jure]]'' part of Azerbaijan, although large parts are ''[[de facto]]'' held by the internationally unrecognised [[Republic of Artsakh]], which is supported by Armenia.<ref>{{cite news|date=2016-04-06|title=Nagorno-Karabakh profile|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-18270325|access-date=2020-10-06}}</ref>
===Soviet era===
{{main|Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast}}
During the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] era, the region was governed as an [[Autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union|autonomous oblast]] within the [[Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic|Azerbaijan SSR]], despite having an ethnic Armenian majority.<ref>{{cite web |title=UNHCR publication for CIS Conference (Displacement in the CIS) - Conflicts in the Caucasus |url=https://www.unhcr.org/publications/refugeemag/3b5583fd4/unhcr-publication-cis-conference-displacement-cis-conflicts-caucasus.html |website=UNHCR |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |accessdate=18 November 2020 |date=1 May 1996 |quote=This mountain enclave, mostly inhabited by people of Armenian language and origin, had been placed under Azerbaijan’s jurisdiction in the 1920s, and was entirely surrounded by villages populated by Azeris.}}</ref> As the [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|Soviet Union began to disintegrate]] during the late 1980s the question of Nagorno-Karabakh re-emerged, and on 20 February 1988 the parliament of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast passed a resolution requesting transfer of the oblast from the Azerbaijan SSR to the [[Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic|Armenian SSR]]. Azerbaijan rejected the request several times,<ref name=":11"/> and ethnic violence began shortly thereafter with a series of pogroms between 1988 and 1990 against Armenians in [[Sumgait pogrom|Sumgait]], [[Kirovabad pogrom|Ganja]] and [[Baku pogrom|Baku]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.economist.com/europe/2020/10/29/the-fighting-in-nagorno-karabakh-reflects-decades-of-conflict|title=The fighting in Nagorno-Karabakh reflects decades of conflict|via=The Economist}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=de Waal|first=Thomas|title=Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War|title-link=Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War|publisher=New York University Press|year=2003|isbn=978-0-8147-1945-9|location=New York|p=[https://archive.org/details/blackgardenarmen00waal/page/n104 90]|quote=Around ninety Armenians died in the Baku pogroms.|author-link=Thomas de Waal}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-11-27-mn-1060-story.html|title=Soviet Tells of Blocking Slaughter of Armenians: General Reports His Soldiers Have Suppressed Dozens of Massacre Attempts by Azerbaijanis|date=27 November 1988|publisher=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Broers|first=Laurence|title=Armenia and Azerbaijan: Anatomy of Rivalry|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=2019|isbn=978-1-4744-5055-3|location=Edinburgh|p=18|quote=Armenians see the campaign that emerged in 1987 to unify Karabakh and Armenia as peaceful, yet met with organized pogroms killing dozens of Armenians in the Azerbaijani cities of Sumgait, Kirovabad (today's Ganja) and Baku in 1988–1990.}}</ref> and against Azerbaijanis in [[Gugark massacre|Gugark]] and [[1988 violence in Shusha and Stepanakert|Stepanakert]].<ref name="nytgugark" /><ref name="bbcpogrom" /><ref name="trud" /><ref name="kavkazpogrom" /> Following the [[Law on Abolishment of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast|revocation of Nagorno-Karabakh's autonomous status]], a [[1991 Nagorno-Karabakh independence referendum|referendum]] was held in the region on 10 December 1991. The referendum was boycotted by the Azerbaijani population, which then constituted around 22.8% of the region's population; 99.8% of participants voted in favor. In early 1992, following the Soviet Union's collapse, the region descended into outright war.<ref name=":11">{{cite book|last=De Waal|first=Thomas |url=https://catalogue.solent.ac.uk/openurl/44SSU_INST/44SSU_INST:VU1?u.ignore_date_coverage=true&rft.mms_id=9997123365104796|title=Black Garden Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War, 10th Year Anniversary Edition, Revised and Updated|date=2013|isbn=978-0-8147-7082-5|oclc=1154881834}}</ref>
===First Nagorno-Karabakh War===
{{main|First Nagorno-Karabakh War}}
The [[First Nagorno-Karabakh War]] resulted in the displacement of approximately 725,000 Azerbaijanis and 300,000–500,000 Armenians from both Azerbaijan and Armenia.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Haider |first1=Hans |title=Gefährliche Töne im "Frozen War" |url=https://www.wienerzeitung.at/nachrichten/welt-europa/weltpolitik/513109_Gefaehrliche-Toene-im-Frozen-War.html |accessdate=18 November 2020 |work=Wiener Zeitung |date=2 January 2013 |language=German}}</ref> The 1994 [[Bishkek Protocol]] brought the fighting to an end and resulted in significant Armenian territorial gains: in addition to controlling most of Nagorno-Karabakh, the Republic of Artsakh also occupied the surrounding Azerbaijani populated districts of [[Agdam District|Agdam]], [[Jabrayil District|Jabrayil]], [[Fuzuli District|Fuzuli]], [[Kalbajar District|Kalbajar]], [[Qubadli District|Qubadli]], [[Lachin District|Lachin]] and [[Zangilan District|Zangilan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Military occupation of Azerbaijan by Armenia|url=http://www.rulac.org/browse/conflicts/military-occupation-of-azerbaijan-by-armenia|access-date=27 September 2020|publisher=Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts Project}}</ref> The terms of the Bishkek agreement produced a [[frozen conflict]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Grant |first1=Stan |title=A hundred-year 'frozen conflict' has restarted — and it's a pattern we've seen before |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-09-30/armenia-azerbaijan-conflict-represents-a-war-of-identity/12713140 |accessdate=18 November 2020 |work=ABC News (Australia) |date=29 September 2020 |language=en-AU}}</ref> and long-standing international mediation attempts to create a peace process were initiated by the [[OSCE Minsk Group]] in 1994, with the interrupted [[Madrid Principles]] being the most recent iteration prior to the 2020 war.<ref>{{cite web|last=Palmer|first=James|title=Why Are Armenia and Azerbaijan Heading to War?|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/09/28/why-are-armenia-azerbaijan-heading-to-war-nagorno-karabakh/|access-date=2020-10-08|publisher=Foreign Policy}}</ref><ref name="MinskGroup_2Oct2020">{{cite web|title=Statement by the Co-Chairs of the OSCE Minsk Group |author=OSCE Minsk Group|url=https://www.osce.org/minsk-group/465711|date=2020-10-02|access-date=2020-10-09|publisher=Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019120749/https://www.osce.org/minsk-group/465711|archive-date=2020-10-19|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[United Nations Security Council]] adopted [[List of United Nations Security Council resolutions on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|four resolutions]] in 1993 calling for the withdrawal of "occupying forces" from the territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh,<ref>Resolutions 822, 853, 874 and 884:
*{{cite web|url=http://unscr.com/files/1993/00822.pdf|title=Resolution 822 (1993)|date=30 April 1993|website=unscr.com|publisher=United Nations Security Council}}
*{{cite web|url=http://unscr.com/files/1993/00853.pdf|title=Resolution 853 (1993)|date=29 July 1993|website=unscr.com|publisher=United Nations Security Council}}
*{{cite web|url=http://unscr.com/files/1993/00874.pdf|title=Resolution 874 (1993)|date=14 October 1993|website=unscr.com|publisher=United Nations Security Council}}
*{{cite web|url=http://unscr.com/files/1993/00884.pdf|date=12 November 1993 |title=Resolution 884 (1993)|website=unscr.com|publisher=United Nations Security Council}}</ref>
and in 2008 the [[United Nations General Assembly|General Assembly]] adopted [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 62/243|a resolution]] demanding the immediate withdrawal of Armenian occupying forces,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2008/ga10693.doc.htm|title=General Assembly adopts resolution reaffirming territorial integrity of Azerbaijan, demanding withdrawal of all Armenian forces|date=14 March 2008 |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> although the co-chairs of the OSCE Minsk Group, Russia, France and USA, voted against it.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://undocs.org/en/A/62/PV.86|title=United Nations A/62/PV.86 General Assembly Sixty-second session|date=2008-03-14|website=undocs.org|publisher=United Nations}}</ref>
===Frozen conflict===
{{main|Nagorno-Karabakh conflict}}
For three decades multiple violations of the ceasefire occurred, the most serious being the four-day [[2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]].<ref name="diplomatie_150720"/> Surveys indicated that the inhabitants of Nagorno-Karabakh did not want to be part of Azerbaijan, and in August 2019, in an unprecedented declaration in favour of unification, the Armenian prime minister Nikol Pashinyan stated "Artsakh is Armenia, full stop".<ref name=":15">{{cite web|last1=Toal|first1=Gerard |last2=O’Loughlin|first2=John|last3=Bakke|first3=Kristin M.|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: what do residents of the contested territory want for their future?|url=http://theconversation.com/nagorno-karabakh-what-do-residents-of-the-contested-territory-want-for-their-future-147690|access-date=2020-10-15|publisher=The Conversation}}</ref>
Further [[July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes|skirmishes]] occurred on the [[Armenia–Azerbaijan border|border between Armenia and Azerbaijan]] in July 2020.<ref name="diplomatie_150720">{{cite web |title=Armenia/Azerbaijan – Border clashes between the two countries (15 July 2020)|url=https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/armenia/news/article/armenia-azerbaijan-border-clashes-between-the-two-countries-15-jul-2020|publisher=Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs (France)|access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref> Thousands of Azerbaijanis demonstrated for war against Armenia in response, and Turkey voiced its firm support for Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Weise|first1=Zia|last2=Cienski|first2=Jan|last3=Herszenhorn|first3=David M.|date=28 September 2020|title=The Armenia–Azerbaijan conflict explained |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/the-nagorno-karabakh-conflict-explained-armenia-azerbaijan/|publisher=Politico|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> On 29 July 2020, Azerbaijan conducted a series of [[military exercise]]s that lasted from 29 July to 10 August 2020,<ref>{{cite web|title=Игра мускулами: зачем Азербайджан проводит учения с Турцией |url=https://www.gazeta.ru/politics/2020/07/28_a_13168861.shtml|access-date=27 September 2020|website=gazeta.Ru|language=ru}}</ref> followed by further exercises in early September with the involvement of Turkey.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/diplomacy/turkey-azerbaijan-military-drills-intimidate-armenia-president-aliyev-says|title=Turkey-Azerbaijan military drills intimidate Armenia, President Aliyev says|publisher=Daily Sabah|date=20 September 2020|access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref> Prior to the resumption of hostilities, allegations emerged that Turkey had facilitated the transfer of hundreds of [[Syrian National Army]] members from the [[Hamza Division (Aleppo)|Hamza Division]] to Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web |first=Ron|last=Synovitz|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/are-syrian-mercenaries-helping-azerbaijan-fight-for-nagorno-karabakh-/30895331.html|title=Are Syrian Mercenaries Helping Azerbaijan Fight For Nagorno-Karabakh?|publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|date=15 October 2020|access-date=22 October 2020|archive-url=https://archive.is/llvdP|archive-date=22 October 2020}}</ref> The government of Azerbaijan denied the involvement of foreign fighters.<ref>{{cite web|date=3 October 2020|title=Azerbaijani President: There is not a single evidence of any foreign presence in Azerbaijan |url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Azerbaijani-President:-There-is-not-a-single-evidence-of-any-foreign-presence-in-Azerbaijan-331951|access-date=3 October 2020|website=apa.az|quote=There is not a single evidence of any foreign presence in Azerbaijan. We have capable army. We have enough people in our army, we have enough people in our reserves. I announced a partial mobilization, which will allow us to involve tens of thousands of reservists. If necessary, so we don't need it. Armenia needs it, because Armenian population is declining. And it is only two million people.}}</ref>
== Course of the conflict ==
{{main|Timeline of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war}}
=== Overview ===
[[File:September 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes.png|thumb|right|Approximate frontlines at the time of the ceasefire, with Azerbaijan's territorial gains during the war in red, the Lachin corridor under Russian peacekeepers in blue, and areas to be surrendered by Armenia to Azerbaijan hashed.]]
The accounts of engagements in this conflict rely primarily on official statements from belligerents.{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}} The engagements have been characterized by the use of [[armoured warfare]]; [[Drone strike|drone warfare]],<ref name=":6">{{cite news|title=The Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict hints at the future of war|publisher=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/europe/2020/10/10/the-azerbaijan-armenia-conflict-hints-at-the-future-of-war|access-date=2020-10-09|issn=0013-0613}}</ref> especially the use of Turkish-made [[Bayraktar TB2]] and [[Israel]]i [[loitering munition]] Harop drones;<ref name=":4"/><ref name=":2"/> [[Artillery|heavy artillery]]; [[rocket]] attacks; and [[trench warfare]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}} Throughout the campaign, Azerbaijan has relied heavily on drones to strike at Armenian/Artsakh forces, and managed to inflict heavy losses. Having successfully targeted tanks, artillery, and air defense systems, Azerbaijani drones also began targeting units of soldiers. However, some Azerbaijani drones were shot down.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bulos|first=Nabih|date=2020-10-15|title=A new weapon complicates an old war in Nagorno-Karabakh|url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-10-15/drones-complicates-war-armenia-azerbaijan-nagorno-karabakh|url-status=live|access-date=2020-10-28|newspaper=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref name=":12"/> It has also featured the deployment of [[cluster munition]]s, which are [[Convention on Cluster Munitions|banned by the majority of the international community]] but not by Armenia or Azerbaijan:<ref>{{cite web|title=United Nations Treaty Collection|url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-6&chapter=26&lang=en|access-date=2020-10-05|website=treaties.un.org|archive-date=2020-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618150323/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-6&chapter=26&lang=en|url-status=live}}</ref> Azerbaijan states that Armenia has deployed cluster munitions against civilians,<ref>{{cite web|title=Ermenistan cepheden kaçıyor sivilleri vuruyor|url=https://www.dunyabulteni.net/ortadogu/ermenistan-cepheden-kaciyor-sivilleri-vuruyor-h479865.html|url-status=live|access-date=2020-10-25|website=Dünya Bülteni|language=tr}}</ref> and international third parties have confirmed evidence of Azerbaijan's use of cluster munitions against civilian areas of Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: Civilians must be protected from use of banned cluster bombs|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/10/armenia-azerbaijan-civilians-must-be-protected-from-use-of-banned-cluster-bombs/|access-date=2020-10-25|website=amnesty.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Freeman|first=Colin|date=2020-10-05|title=Azerbaijan dropping cluster bombs on civilian areas in war with Armenia|publisher=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/10/05/azerbaijan-dropping-cluster-bombs-civilian-areas-war-armenia/|access-date=2020-10-25|issn=0307-1235}}</ref> A series of attacks have inflicted mass civilian casualties in [[Ganja, Azerbaijan]], while civilian residences and infrastructure in [[Stepanakert]], Artsakh's capital, and elsewhere have been targeted, inflicting casualties and causing extensive damage.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hauer|first=Neil|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Sirens, shelling and shelters in Stepanakert|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/16/nagorno-karabakh-sirens-shelling-and-shelters-in-stepanakert|access-date=2020-10-19|website=aljazeera.com}}</ref> Disinformation and misinformation have accompanied the conflict.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-10-26|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: The Armenian-Azeri 'information wars'|publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54614392|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref>
The amount of territory contested is relatively restricted, but the conflict has expanded beyond the borders of Nagorno-Karabakh due to the level of conflict and kind of munitions deployed and spilled over international borders. Shells and rockets have landed in [[East Azerbaijan Province]] in [[Iran]], although causing no damage,<ref>{{citation|last=Hashemzadeh|first=Mehri|title=اصابت راکت به روستای خلف بیگلو خسارت مالی و جانی نداشت|date=27 September 2020|url=https://www.isna.ir/news/99070604539/|editor-last=Teymouri|editor-first=Robab|publisher=Iranian Students News Agency|language=fa|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rocket attack on northwest of Iran border|publisher=Islamic World News|url=https://english.iswnews.com/15568/rocket-attack-on-northwest-of-iran-border/|access-date=2020-10-01|archive-date=2020-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002122159/https://english.iswnews.com/15568/rocket-attack-on-northwest-of-iran-border/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and Iran has reported several unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) downed or crashed within its territory,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jewishpress.com/news/middle-east/iran-news/iran-reports-crash-of-israeli-made-azeri-drone-in-clashes-with-armenia/2020/10/13/|title=Iran Reports Crash of Israeli-Made Azeri Drone in Clashes with Armenia|date=13 October 2020|publisher=Jewish Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Geopolitics.news|date=2020-09-30|title=Iran shoots down suspected Azerbaijani drone|url=https://geopolitics.news/euroasia/iran-shoots-down-suspected-azerbaijani-drone/|access-date=2020-10-05|publisher=Geopolitics News|archive-date=2020-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010123414/https://geopolitics.news/euroasia/iran-shoots-down-suspected-azerbaijani-drone/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title='Мы предупреждали Алиева!': Иран сбил азербайджанский военный самолёт|url=https://avia.pro/news/my-preduprezhdali-alieva-iran-sbil-azerbaydzhanskiy-voennyy-samolyot|access-date=2020-10-05|website=avia.pro|archive-date=2020-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002115459/https://avia.pro/news/my-preduprezhdali-alieva-iran-sbil-azerbaydzhanskiy-voennyy-samolyot|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Desk|date=2020-09-29|title=Iran confirms its air defenses shot down foreign drone in East Azerbaijan|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/iran-confirms-its-air-defenses-shot-down-foreign-drone-in-east-azerbaijan/|access-date=2020-09-30|publisher=Al-Masdar News|archive-date=2020-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003072747/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/iran-confirms-its-air-defenses-shot-down-foreign-drone-in-east-azerbaijan/|url-status=live}}</ref> while Georgia stated that two UAVs had crashed in [[Kakheti|Kakheti Province]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://police.ge/en/shinagan-saqmeta-saministros-gantskhadeba/14025|title=Statement of the Ministry of Internal Affairs|publisher=Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia|access-date=7 October 2020|date=7 October 2020|archive-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010123414/https://police.ge/en/shinagan-saqmeta-saministros-gantskhadeba/14025|url-status=live}}</ref>
The conflict began with an Azerbaijani ground offensive that included armored formations, supported by artillery and drones, including [[loitering munition]]s. Armenian and Artsakh troops were forced back from their first line of defense in Artsakh's southeast and northern regions, but inflicted significant losses on Azerbaijani armored formations with anti-tank guided missiles and artillery, destroying dozens of vehicles. Azerbaijan made heavy use of drones in strikes against Armenian air defenses, taking out 13 short-range surface-to-air missile systems. Azerbaijani troops managed to make limited gains in the south in the first three days of the conflict. For the next three days, both sides largely exchanged fire from fixed positions. In the north, Armenian/Artsakh forces counterattacked, managing to retake some ground. Their largest counterattack took place on the fourth day, but incurred heavy losses when their armor and artillery units were exposed to Azerbaijani attack drones, loitering munitions, and reconnaissance drones spotting for Azerbaijani artillery as they maneuvered in the open.<ref name="warontherocks">{{cite web|date=2020-10-14|title=The Second Nagorno-Karabakh War, Two Weeks In |url=http://warontherocks.com/2020/10/the-second-nagorno-karabakh-war-two-weeks-in/|access-date=2020-10-16|publisher=War on the Rocks}}</ref>
On the sixth day, Azerbaijan and Armenia/Artsakh began trading missile and rocket artillery strikes against infrastructure. Among the targets hit were [[Stepanakert]], the capital of Artsakh, which was repeatedly shelled with rocket artillery, a bridge linking Armenia with Nagorno-Karabakh, which was taken out in a missile strike, and [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]], which was hit [[2020 Ganja ballistic missile attacks|four times]] by Armenian and Artsakh, with [[Ganja International Airport]] among the targets. On the morning of the seventh day, Azerbaijan launched a major offensive. The Azerbaijani Army's First, Second, and Third Army Corps, reinforced by reservists from the Fourth Army Corps, began an advance in the north, making some territorial gains, but the Azerbaijani advance stalled.<ref name=warontherocks/>
Most of the fighting subsequently shifted to the south, in terrain that is relatively flat and underpopulated as compared to the mountainous north. Azerbaijani forces launched offensives toward [[Jabrayil]] and [[Füzuli (city)|Füzuli]], managing to break through the multi-layered Armenian/Artsakh defensive lines and recapture a stretch of territory held by Armenian troops as a buffer zone, but the fighting subsequently stalled.<ref name=warontherocks/>
After the shelling of [[Khojavend (town)|Khojavend (Martuni)]],<ref>{{cite news|date=15 October 2020|title=Taking Up Arms in Nagorno-Karabackh|publisher=Bloomberg|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2020-10-15/taking-up-arms-in-nagorno-karabackh-video|url-status=live}}</ref> Artsakh authorities began mobilizing civilians.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-15|title=Nagorno-Karabakh volunteers get weapons as clashes intensify|url=https://apnews.com/article/azerbaijan-armenia-c016829766e7f8a84708be53b6fcef21|access-date=2020-10-15|agency=AP NEWS}}</ref> Just before 04:00 (00:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]) on 10 October 2020, Russia reported that both Armenia and Azerbaijan had agreed on a humanitarian ceasefire after ten hours of talks in Moscow (the Moscow Statement) and announced that both would enter "substantive" talks.{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}} After the declared ceasefire, the President of Artsakh admitted Azerbaijan had been able to achieve some success, moving the front deep into Artsakh territory;<ref name="movingdeeper">{{cite news|date=2020-10-14|title=Конфликт в Карабахе: Азербайджан ударил по территории Армении|language=ru|publisher=BBC Russian Service|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f86c247c4548e02bf3cb153%26%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%20%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8F%20%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%8F%3A%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%20%D0%9D%D0%9A%D0%A0%262020-10-14T09%3A18%3A00.674Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:189add94-ce6d-4bcb-898a-6fb236258776&pinned_post_asset_id=5f86c247c4548e02bf3cb153&pinned_post_type=share|url-status=live|access-date=2020-10-14}}</ref> the Armenian Prime Minister announced that Armenian forces had conducted a "partial retreat".<ref name="partialretreat">{{cite web|date=2020-10-14|title=Пашинян заявил о частичном отступлении в Карабахе|url=https://ria.ru/20201014/karabakh-1579764261.html?fbclid=IwAR1orDnUuP25us0xGeYB0iY1EC-cMLDYWhGS0pm3KwNlDjYLSQT3gCXLCoY|url-status=live|access-date=2020-10-15|publisher=RIA Novosti|language=ru}}</ref>
The ceasefire quickly broke down and the Azerbaijani advance continued. Within days Azerbaijan announced the capture of dozens of villages on the southern front.<ref>Chiragov, Fuad: [https://jamestown.org/program/azerbaijan-makes-strategic-advances-along-karabakhs-northern-southern-flanks/ Azerbaijan Makes Strategic Advances Along Karabakh’s Northern, Southern Flanks] – ''[[The Jamestown Foundation]]''</ref> A second ceasefire attempt midnight 17 October 2020 was also ignored.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54686682?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f971bd849467302d61cdec7%26%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B%20%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%20%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%20%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%20%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE%20%D0%B8%D0%B7%20%D0%B2%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%262020-10-26T18%3A56%3A26.219Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:99078f11-17be-44e3-9acc-d586b733b3fe&pinned_post_asset_id=5f971bd849467302d61cdec7&pinned_post_type=share|title=Минобороны Азербайджана опубликовало еще одно видео из взятого села|date=26 October 2020|access-date=26 October 2020 |publisher=BBC Russian Service|language=ru}}</ref> Azerbaijan announced the capture of Jabrayil on 9 October 2020 and Füzuli on 19 October 2020. Azerbaijani troops also captured the [[Khoda Afarin Dam]] and [[Khodaafarin Bridges]]. Azerbaijan announced that the border area with Iran was fully secured with the capture of Agbend on 22 October 2020.<ref>{{cite web|title=Azerbaijan claims "full control" of border with Iran|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/international/article/azerbaijan-claims-full-control-of-border-with-iran/671484|access-date=2020-10-28|website=timesnownews.com}}</ref> Azerbaijani forces then turned northwest, advancing towards the Lachin corridor, the sole highway between Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh, putting it within artillery range. According to Artsakh, a counterattack repelled forward elements of the Azerbaijani force and pushed them back. Armenian/Artsakh resistance had managed to halt the Azerbaijani advance to within 25 kilometers of the Lachin corridor by 26 October 2020. Artsakh troops who had retreated into the mountains and forests began launching small-unit attacks against exposed Azerbaijani infantry and armor, and Armenian forces launched a counteroffensive near the far southwestern border between Armenia and Azerbaijan.<ref>[https://asiatimes.com/2020/10/azerbaijans-next-move-will-make-or-break-karabakh-war/ Azerbaijan's next move will make or break Karabakh war] – Asia Times</ref> On 26 October 2020, a US-brokered ceasefire came into effect, but fighting resumed within minutes.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54686284 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: US-brokered ceasefire frays soon after starting] – BBC News</ref><ref>[https://www.forbes.com/sites/sebastienroblin/2020/10/26/despite-ceasefire-fate-of-the-nagorno-karabakh-may-turn-on-the-lachin-corridor/ Despite Ceasefire, Fate Of The Nagorno-Karabakh May Turn On The Lachin Corridor] – Roblin, Sebastien: Forbes</ref> Three days later, the Artsakh authorities stated that the Azerbaijani forces were {{cvt|5|km}} from [[Shusha]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54686682?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f9ae1e749467302d61ce2af%26%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%20%D0%9D%D0%9A%D0%A0%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%2C%20%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%20%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%20-%20%D0%B2%20%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%20%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%20%D0%BE%D1%82%20%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B8%262020-10-29T15%3A38%3A16.880Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:083b4e4a-bb84-48ca-8f7b-15c5cd831799&pinned_post_asset_id=5f9ae1e749467302d61ce2af&pinned_post_type=share|title=Глава НКР заявил, что азербайджанская армия – в пяти километрах от Шуши|date=29 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020|publisher=BBC Russian Service|language=ru}}</ref> On 8 November 2020, Azerbaijani forces [[Battle of Shusha (2020)|seized Shusha]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ft.com/content/c9dab829-3b4a-4464-a0c3-4d5c51aa1b0e|title= Azerbaijan captures strategic city in Nagorno-Karabakh|date=9 November 2020|publisher=Financial Times}}</ref> the second-largest city in Artsakh before the war, located 15 kilometers from [[Stepanakert]], the republic's capital.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hovhannisyan|first=Nvard|last2=Bagirova|first2=Nailia|date=2020-11-09|title=Fierce fighting in Nagorno-Karabakh after Azeris say they advance|agency=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan/fighting-rages-around-strategic-city-in-nagorno-karabakh-armenia-says-idUSKBN27P1FL |access-date=2020-11-09}}</ref>
=== Ceasefire agreement ===
{{main|2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement}}
[[File:2020 Artsakh ceasefire map.svg|thumb|upright=1.2|Map of the ceasefire agreement
{{legend|#B0EBA1|Azerbaijan outside of the conflict zone}}
{{legend|#FFB380|Armenia}}
{{legend|#37C871|Areas captured by Azerbaijan, to stay under its control}}
{{legend|#AFE9DD|[[Agdam District]]: to be transferred to Azerbaijan by 20 November}}
{{legend|#87DECD|[[Kalbajar District]]: to be transferred to Azerbaijan by 25 November}}
{{legend|#D7F4EE|[[Lachin District]]: to be transferred to Azerbaijan by 1 December}}
{{legend|#FFCCAA|Part of [[Nagorno-Karabakh]] with no scheduled cession to Azerbaijan}}
{{legend|#BA8895|Lachin corridor, monitored by Russian peacekeepers}}
{{legend-line|darkred solid 2px|Access roads into Nagorno-Karabakh}}
{{legend-line|lightgreen solid 2px|New Azerbaijani transport corridor to be established}}
{{legend-line|black dotted 2px|[[Nagorno-Karabakh Line of Contact|Line of contact]] before the 2020 conflict.}}
{{legend-line|black dashed 1.5px|Other areas claimed by Artsakh}}
]]
On 9 November 2020, in the aftermath of the capture of Shusha, a ceasefire agreement was signed by the President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, the Prime Minister of Armenia, Nikol Pashinyan, and the President of Russia, Vladimir Putin, ending all hostilities in the zone of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict from 10 November 2020, 00:00 Moscow time.<ref name="RIANovosti"/><ref name="RIA Novosti"/><ref name=":18"/> The President of Artsakh, Arayik Harutyunyan, also agreed to end the hostilities.<ref name="ria.ru"/>
Under the terms of the deal, both belligerent parties were to exchange prisoners of war and the bodies of the fallen. Furthermore, Armenian forces were to withdraw from Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh by 1 December 2020, while a peacekeeping force, provided by the [[Russian Ground Forces]] and led by Lieutenant General [[Rustam Muradov]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.turan.az/ext/news/2020/11/free/politics%20news/en/129784.htm|title=General Rustam Muradov is appointed Commander of Russian peacekeepers in Karabakh|date=11 November 2020|access-date=11 November 2020|publisher=Turan Information Agency}}</ref> of just under 2,000 soldiers would be deployed for a minimum of five years along the line of contact and the Lachin corridor linking Armenia and the Nagorno-Karabakh region. Additionally, Armenia undertook to "guarantee safety" of passage between Azerbaijan′s [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchivan]] exclave and mainland Azerbaijan in both directions, while Russia′s [[Border Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation|border troops]] (under the [[Federal Security Service]]) were to "exercise control over the transport communication".<ref name="kremlinagreem">{{cite news|date=10 November 2020|title=Заявление Президента Азербайджанской Республики, Премьер-министра Республики Армения и Президента Российской Федерации|publisher=[[Kremlin.ru]]|language=Russian|url=http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/64384|access-date=15 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="peace2">{{cite web|date=10 November 2020|title=Пашинян заявляет о подписании мирного соглашения |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54686682?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fa9bb8967645202b6c4e0c2%26%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BD%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82%20%D0%BE%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%262020-11-09T21%3A58%3A34.129Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:cff55216-dfba-4dc6-9a6a-bdf38d9793c7&pinned_post_asset_id=5fa9bb8967645202b6c4e0c2&pinned_post_type=share|access-date=10 November 2020|publisher=BBC Russian Service|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=10 November 2020|title=Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia sign Nagorno-Karabakh peace deal|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54882564|access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref>
=== Non-military actions taken by Armenia and Azerbaijan ===
Since the beginning of the conflict, both Armenia and Azerbaijan declared [[martial law]], limiting the [[freedom of speech]]. In the meanwhile, a new law came into effect since October 2020 in Armenia, which prohibits negative coverage of the situation at the front.<ref>{{cite web|first=Dimitri|last=Avaliani|url=https://jam-news.net/karabakh-conflict-news-information-war-journalists-armenia-azerbaijan/|title=The (dis)information war around Karabakh|date=28 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020|publisher=JAM News}}</ref> Restrictions have been reported on the work of international journalists in Azerbaijan, with no corresponding restrictions reported in Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-08|title='France is no longer an honest broker', say Azeri officials ahead of Nagorno-Karabakh talks |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20201008-france-is-no-longer-an-honest-broker-say-azeri-officials-ahead-of-nagorno-karabakh-talks|access-date=2020-10-21|publisher=France 24}}</ref>
==== Armenia ====
[[File:Broadcasting events of the frontline. Republic Square, Yerevan, Armenia.jpg|thumb|right|A pro-military billboard in [[Republic Square, Yerevan|Republic Square]], [[Yerevan]] on 7 October 2020.]]
On 28 September 2020, Armenia banned men aged over 18 listed in the mobilization reserve from leaving the country.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://tass.com/armeniaazerbaij-conflict/1206133|title=Armenian cabinet bans all men from mobilization reserve aged over 18 from leaving state|website=tass.com|agency=TASS|access-date=28 September 2020|date=28 September 2020|archive-date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929044004/https://tass.com/armeniaazerbaij-conflict/1206133|url-status=live}}</ref> The next day, it postponed the trial of former President [[Robert Kocharyan]] and other former officials charged in the 2008 post-election unrest case, owing to one of the defendants, the former Defence Minister of Armenia, [[Seyran Ohanyan]], going to Artsakh during the conflict.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029400.html|title=Kocharyan trial delayed as indicted ex-defense minister Seyran Ohanyan heads to Artsakh amid attack|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|access-date=29 September 2020|date=29 September 2020|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930163710/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029400.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 1 October 2020, the [[National Security Service (Armenia)|Armenian National Security Service]] (NSS) stated that it had arrested and charged a former high-ranking Armenian military official with treason on suspicion of spying for Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029750.html|title=Armenia ex-military official charged with high treason on suspicion of spying for Azeri intelligence |website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|date=1 October 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-date=3 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003145424/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029750.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Three days later, the NSS stated that it had arrested several foreign citizens on suspicion of spying.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1030334.html|title=NSS Armenia arrests foreign citizens on intelligence suspicions|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|date=4 October 2020 |access-date=4 October 2020|archive-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004220058/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1030334.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Protesting [[Israel]]i [[Defense industry of Israel|arms sales]] to Azerbaijan, Armenia has recalled its ambassador to Israel.<ref>{{cite news|date=1 October 2020|title=Armenia recalls ambassador to Israel over arms sales to Azerbaijan|agency=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-israel/armenia-recalls-ambassador-to-israel-over-arms-sales-to-azerbaijan-idUSKBN26M76L|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009224731/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-israel/armenia-recalls-ambassador-to-israel-over-arms-sales-to-azerbaijan-idUSKBN26M76L|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 8 October 2020, the [[President of Armenia|Armenian President]], [[Armen Sarkissian]], dismissed the director of the NSS.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1030826.html|title=Director of Armenia's National Security Service dismissed|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|access-date=8 October 2020|date=8 October 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011140742/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1030826.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Subsequently, the Armenian government toughened the martial law and prohibited criticizing state bodies and "propaganda aimed at disruption of the defense capacity of the country".<ref name="armenianmartiallaw">{{cite web|url=https://jam-news.net/armenia-spy-caught-martial-law-toughened/ |title=Stepanakert man detained after convincing soldiers to forfeit positions to Azerbaijani army|publisher=Jam News|date=9 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011140742/https://jam-news.net/armenia-spy-caught-martial-law-toughened/|url-status=live}}</ref> On the same day, the Armenian MoD canceled ''a [[Novaya Gazeta]]'' correspondent's journalistic accreditation, officially for entering Nagorno-Karabakh without accreditation.<ref name="novayagazeta">{{cite web|url=https://meduza.io/amp/news/2020/10/08/mid-armenii-lishil-akkreditatsii-zhurnalista-novoy-gazety-ilyu-azara-posle-reportazha-iz-nagornogo-karabaha|title=МИД Армении лишил аккредитации журналиста "Новой газеты" Илью Азара после репортажа из Нагорного Карабаха |website=meduza.io|date=8 October 2020|access-date=8 October 2020|language=ru|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008203958/https://meduza.io/amp/news/2020/10/08/mid-armenii-lishil-akkreditatsii-zhurnalista-novoy-gazety-ilyu-azara-posle-reportazha-iz-nagornogo-karabaha|url-status=live}}</ref> On 9 October 2020, Armenia tightened its security legislation.<ref name="armenianmartiallaw"/> On 21 October 2020, the Armenian Cabinet of Ministers temporarily banned the import of [[Economy of Turkey|Turkish goods]], the decision will come into force on 31 December 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20201021/armeniya-1580851789.html |title=Правительство Армении запретило импорт турецких товаров|publisher=RIA Novosti|date=21 October 2020|access-date=21 October 2020 |language=ru|url-status=live}}</ref> The following day, the [[National Assembly (Armenia)|Armenian parliament]] passed a law to write off the debts of the Armenian servicemen wounded during the clashes and the debts of the families of those killed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jam-news.net/debts-have-been-written-off-for-the-families-of-servicemen-they-have-also-received-compensation/|title=Debt write-offs for soldiers' families and tax breaks for military service in Armenia|publisher=JAM News|date=22 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref>
On 27 October 2020, the Armenian president Armen Sarkissian dismissed the head of the counterintelligence department of the National Security Service, Major General Hovhannes Karumyan and the chief of staff of the border troops of the National Security Service Gagik Tevosyan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54686682?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f981b6249467302d61cdf75%26%D0%92%20%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%20%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B8%20%D0%B8%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%262020-10-27T13%3A06%3A43.560Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:6b5f42eb-3695-495e-8f64-5b11e65e4b10&pinned_post_asset_id=5f981b6249467302d61cdf75&pinned_post_type=share|title=В Армении уволены начальник контрразведки и начштаба погранохраны|publisher=BBC Russian Service|date=27 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020|language=ru}}</ref> On 8 November 2020, Sarkissian yet again dismissed the interim head of the National Security Service.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54686682?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fa7ea3249467302d61cf875%26%D0%92%20%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%20%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%20%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%20%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B8%262020-11-08T13%3A12%3A37.907Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:ad1d9282-5442-4b27-821e-159945577a65&pinned_post_asset_id=5fa7ea3249467302d61cf875&pinned_post_type=share|title=В Армении снова уволен глава контрразведки|publisher=BBC Russian Service|date=8 November 2020|access-date=8 November 2020|language=ru}}</ref>
As of 8 November 2020, one Armenian activist was fined by the police for his anti-war post.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://oc-media.org/armenian-police-fine-peace-activist-over-anti-war-post/?fbclid=IwAR1H9jdP14q5IghiLF6mmHgK_zHcuu3bzzUaDuu0EpA0Ao1gXjhPvyCss2U|title=Armenian police fine peace activist over anti-war post|publisher=OC Media|date=8 November 2020|access-date=8 November 2020}}</ref>
==== Azerbaijan ====
[[File:Azerbaijani flag in Baku during the conflict in Karabakh 30.jpg|thumb|right|[[Flag of Azerbaijan|Azerbaijani flag]] in Jafar Jabbarly Square near the [[28 May (Baku Metro)|28 May]] station in [[Baku]] on 10 October 2020.]]
On 27 September 2020, Azerbaijani authorities restricted internet access shortly after the clashes began. According to an official statement, this was done to prevent Armenian provocations.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://tvrain.ru/news/vlasti_azerbajdzhana_ogranichili_dostup_k_internetu_posle_obstrelov_v_karabahe-516731/|title=Власти Азербайджана ограничили доступ к интернету после обстрелов в Карабахе |website=tvrain.ru|publisher=Dozhd|date=27 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020|language=ru|archive-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004151626/https://tvrain.ru/news/vlasti_azerbajdzhana_ogranichili_dostup_k_internetu_posle_obstrelov_v_karabahe-516731/|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[National Assembly (Azerbaijan)|National Assembly of Azerbaijan]] declared a curfew in [[Baku]], [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]], [[Goygol District|Goygol]], [[Yevlakh District|Yevlakh]] and a number of districts from midnight on 28 September 2020,<ref>{{cite web|title=Azərbaycanda komendant saatı elan olundu|url=https://www.azerbaycan24.com/azerbaycanda-komendant-saati-elan-olundu/|website=azerbaycan24.com|access-date=27 September 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927135515/https://www.azerbaycan24.com/azerbaycanda-komendant-saati-elan-olundu/ |archivedate=27 September 2020|language=az|date=27 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Bu gecədən komendant saatı elan olunur|url=https://aqreqator.az/az/siyaset/1029826|website=aqreqator.az|access-date=27 September 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927135427/https://aqreqator.az/az/siyaset/1029826|archivedate=27 September 2020|language=az|date=27 September 2020}}</ref> under the Interior Minister, [[Vilayet Eyvazov]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Vilayat-Eyvazov-appointed-commandant-of-areas-where-curfew-is-applied-colorred-ORDERcolor-331394|title=Vilayat Eyvazov appointed commandant of areas where curfew is applied|website=apa.az|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}{{Dead link|date=October 2020|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> [[Azerbaijan Airlines]] announced that all airports in Azerbaijan would be closed to regular passenger flights until 30 September 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.azal.az/az/offer/549|title=Mətbuat xidmətinin məlumatı |website=azal.az |publisher=Azerbaijan Airlines |access-date=28 September 2020 |language=az|date=28 September 2020 |archive-date=6 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706180846/https://www.azal.az/az/offer/549|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Military Prosecutor's Offices of Fizuli, Tartar, Karabakh and Ganja began criminal investigations of war and other crimes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genprosecutor.gov.az/az/post/2785|title=Mətbuat xidmətinin MƏLUMATI – cəbhədəki son vəziyyət|website=genprosecutor.gov.az|publisher=Prosecutor General's Office of Azerbaijan|access-date=28 September 2020|language=az|date=27 September 2020|archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928071020/https://genprosecutor.gov.az/az/post/2785 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Also on 28 September 2020, the President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, issued a decree authorising a partial mobilization in Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mincom.gov.az/en/view/news/992/order-of-the-president-of-the-republic-of-azerbaijan-on-the-announcement-of-partial-mobilization-in-the-republic-of-azerbaijan|title=Order of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the announcement of partial mobilization in the Republic of Azerbaijan|publisher=Ministry of Transport, Communications and High Technologies (Azerbaijan)|access-date=12 October 2020|date=28 September 2020}}</ref> On 8 October 2020, Azerbaijan recalled its ambassador to [[Greece]] for consultations, following allegations of [[Armenians in Greece|Armenians from Greece]] arriving in Nagorno-Karabakh to fight against Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ekathimerini.com/257836/article/ekathimerini/news/azerbaijan-recalls-its-ambassador-to-greece-for-consultations|title=Azerbaijan recalls its ambassador to Greece for consultations |website=ekathimerini.com|access-date=8 October 2020|date=8 October 2020}}</ref> Three days later, the [[State Security Service (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijani State Security Service (SSS)]] warned against a potential Armenian-backed terror attack.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.azernews.az/aggression/170802.html|title=State Security Service issues warning over Armenian terror threat|publisher=AzerNews|access-date=29 October 2020|date=16 October 2020}}</ref>
On 17 October 2020, the Azerbaijani MoFA stated that member of the [[State Duma|Russian State Duma]] from the ruling [[United Russia]], [[Vitaly Milonov]], was declared ''[[persona non grata]]'' in [[List of people declared personae non gratae in Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]] for visiting Nagorno-Karabakh without permission from the Azerbaijani government.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://report.az/ru/nagorno-karabakhskiy-konflikt/deputatu-gosdumy-zapretili-vezd-v-azerbajdzhan/|title=Депутату Госдумы запретили въезд в Азербайджан|agency=Report Information Agency|access-date=16 October 2020|language=ru|date=16 October 2020}}</ref> On 24 October 2020, by recommendation of the [[Central Bank of Azerbaijan]], the member banks of the Azerbaijani Banks' Association unanimously adopted a decision to write off the debts of the military servicemen and civilians who died during the conflict.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Consumer-credits-of-our-martyred-military-servicemen-and-civilian-citizens-who-sustained-damage-as-result-of-enemy-provocation-to-be-completely-written-off-333780|title=Consumer credits of our martyred military servicemen and civilian citizens who sustained damage as result of enemy provocation to be completely written off|website=apa.az|access-date=16 October 2020|date=16 October 2020}}</ref>
On 29 October 2020, the President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, issued a decree on the formation of temporary commandant's offices in the areas that the Azerbaijani forces seized control of during the conflict. According to the decree, the commandants will be appointed by the [[Ministry of Internal Affairs (Azerbaijan)|Ministry of Internal Affairs]], but they will have to coordinate with other executive bodies of the government, including [[Ministry of Defence (Azerbaijan)|Ministry of Defense]], the [[State Border Service (Azerbaijan)|State Border Service]], the [[State Security Service (Azerbaijan)|State Security Service]], and [[ANAMA]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://president.az/articles/44886|title=Azərbaycan Respublikasının işğaldan azad olunmuş ərazilərində müvəqqəti xüsusi idarəetmənin təşkili haqqında Azərbaycan Respublikası Prezidentinin Fərmanı|first=Ilham|last=Aliyev|author-link=Ilham Aliyev|website=president.az|publisher=Presidential Administration of Azerbaijan|date=29 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020 |language=az}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54686682?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f9ad00667645202b6c4c77c%26%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%20%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82%20%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%262020-10-29T14%3A21%3A59.656Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:5370b84f-3e8a-43ec-9afd-c8cfee40a0b3&pinned_post_asset_id=5f9ad00667645202b6c4c77c&pinned_post_type=share|title=Азербайджан создает комендатуры отвоеванных районов|publisher=BBC Russian Service|date=29 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020|language=ru}}</ref>
On 31 October 2020, after gaining control of the territories on the border with Iran, Azerbaijan has established control over four more border posts.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mil.in.ua/uk/news/azerbajdzhan-vidnovyv-shhe-chotyry-prykordonni-zastavy/|title=Azerbaijan has restored four more border posts|date=2020-10-31|website=mil.in.ua|publisher=Ukrainian military portal|access-date=2020-10-31}}</ref>
By 4 November 2020, six peace activists from Azerbaijan have been called to questioning by the State Security Service, due to their anti-war activism in Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2020/1029/In-Azerbaijan-and-Armenia-a-brave-few-call-for-end-to-fighting|title=In Azerbaijan and Armenia, a brave few call for end to fighting|publisher=The Christian Science Monitor|date=31 October 2020|access-date=5 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Azerbaijani peace activists called for questioning|url=https://oc-media.org/azerbaijani-peace-activists-called-for-questioning/|publisher=OC Media|date=13 October 2020|access-date=2 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=28 September 2020|title=Anti-war activist detained by Azerbaijani security service|url=https://oc-media.org/anti-war-activist-detained-by-azerbaijani-security-service/|url-status=live|access-date=2 November 2020|publisher=C Media}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Live updates: Day 37 of war in Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://oc-media.org/live-updates-day-37-of-war-in-nagorno-karabakh/|publisher=OC Media|date=2 November 2020|access-date=2 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://oc-media.org/live-updates-day-39-of-war-in-nagorno-karabakh/|title=Live updates: Day 39 of war in Nagorno-Karabakh|publisher=OC Media|date=4 November 2020|access-date=5 November 2020}}</ref>
== Aftermath ==
[[File:Azerbaijani people celebrating victory in Karabakh. Sheikh Shamil street.jpg|thumb|Celebrations in [[Baku]], Azerbaijan after the peace treaty.]]
=== Armenia ===
Shortly after the news about the [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement|signing the ceasefire agreement]] broke in the early hours of 10 November, [[2020 Armenian protests|violent protests]] erupted in [[Armenia]] against [[Nikol Pashinyan]], claiming he was a "traitor" for having accepted the peace deal.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kramer|first=Andrew E.|date=2020-11-10|title=Facing Military Debacle, Armenia Accepts a Deal in Nagorno-Karabakh War|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/09/world/middleeast/armenia-settlement-nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan.html|access-date=2020-11-10 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Protesters also seized the parliament building by breaking a metal door, and pulled the [[President of the National Assembly of Armenia]] [[Ararat Mirzoyan]] from a car and beat him.<ref>{{cite web|date=10 November 2020|title=Протестующие в Ереване избили спикера парламента Армении|url=https://ria.ru/20201110/armeniya-1583852881.html|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=11 November 2020|website=РИА Новости|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Demonstrators seized the building of the Armenian parliament|url=https://www.interfax.ru/world/736343|url-status=live|access-date=2020-11-11|website=interfax.ru|language=ru}}</ref> Throughout November, Armenian minister of foreign affairs, [[Zohrab Mnatsakanyan]],<ref>[https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/world/2020/11/16/Armenia-s-foreign-minister-resigns-week-after-ceasefire-deal-with-Azerbaijan Armenia's foreign minister resigns week after ceasefire deal with Azerbaijan] [[Al-Arabiya]], 16 November 2020</ref> minister of defence, [[David Tonoyan]],<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/20/armenian-defence-minister-tenders-resignation-says-aravot-daily Armenian defence minister tenders resignation: Report] [[Al Jazeera]], 20 November 2020</ref> head of the same ministry’s military control service, [[Movses Hakobyan]],<ref>[https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1035242/ Head of Armenian defense ministry’s military control service resigns] [[Armenpress]], 18 November 2020</ref> the spokesman of Armenia's Defense Ministry [[Artsrun Hovhannisyan]] resigned from their posts.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news.az/news/official-representative-of-armenias-defense-ministry-resigns|title=Official representative of Armenia's Defense Ministry resigns|date=12 November 2020}}</ref>
=== Returning of occupied territories ===
Ahead of the transfer of [[Kalbajar District]] from Artsakh to Azerbaijan under the terms of the ceasefire agreement, ethnic Armenians burnt their homes to prevent them being reinhabited by Azerbaijanis.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20201113-armenians-flee-homes-as-azerbaijan-takeover-looms |title=Armenians flee homes as Azerbaijan takeover looms |date=13 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[France24]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first=Anelise |last=Borges |url=https://www.euronews.com/2020/11/14/nagorno-karabakh-ethnic-armenians-set-fire-to-their-homes-rather-than-hand-them-to-azerbai |title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Ethnic Armenians set fire to their homes rather than hand them to Azerbaijan |date=14 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[Euronews]] }}</ref> The district had been mostly inhabited by ethnic Azerbaijanis before the First Nagorno-Karabakh War and was re-settled by Armenian citizens after the conflict.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/armenia-to-begin-handing-over-territory-to-azerbaijan-under-terms-of-truce/30950886.html |title=Azerbaijan Extends Deadline For Armenia To Withdraw From Key District Under Karabakh Truce |date=15 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] }}</ref> Some Armenians took their dead relatives' remains with them,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/nov/14/nagorno-karabakh-villagers-burn-their-homes-ahead-of-peace-deal |title=Armenians residents in Kalbajar burn their homes before Azerbaijan handover |date=14 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] }}</ref> and ''Reuters'' reported that villagers were "carting off everything they could as trucks nearby loaded up with household possessions".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-village-idUSKBN27U0FQ |title=Armenians set fire to homes before handing village over to Azerbaijan |date=14 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[Reuters]] }}</ref> The reports of house burning emerged on 13 November,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://oc-media.org/live-updates-some-armenian-residents-of-kalbajar-burn-homes/ |title=Live updates: Some Armenian residents of Kalbajar burn homes |date=13 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[OC Media]] }}</ref> and on 15 November ''Agence France-Presse'' reported that in [[Çərəktar]] at least six houses were set on fire.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Hervé |last=Bar |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/11/15/azerbaijan-extends-armenian-pullout-deadline-from-disputed-area-a72048 |title=Azerbaijan Extends Armenian Pullout Deadline From Disputed Area |date=15 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Moscow Times]] }}</ref> At Armenia's request, Azerbaijan extended the deadline for Armenians to fully vacate Kalbajar District by 10 days, until 25 November. Azerbaijan's Presidential Office stated that they took the worsening weather and the fact that there was only one road to Armenia into consideration when agreeing to extend the deadline.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/15/armenia-cedes-disputed-land-to-azerbaijan-after-peace-deal |title=Azerbaijan extends Armenian pullout deadline from Kalbajar |date=15 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] }}</ref> Azerbaijan's authorities denounced civilians leaving the area for burning houses and committing what it termed "ecological terror".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/world/asia/ecological-terror-azerbaijan-delays-takeover-denounces-fleeing-armenians-20201116-p56eu6.html?ref=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_source=rss_feed |title='Ecological terror': Azerbaijan delays takeover, Armenians torch homes |date=15 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[Brisbane Times]] }}</ref>
On 19 November, ''Agence France-Presse'' reported that the Armenian soldiers were destroying buildings of their headquarters in [[Agdam|Ağdam]], a major city housing about 200,000 people until the [[Battle of Aghdam|battle over the city]] in 1993, with over 90% Azerbaijani majority, but since became a [[ghost town]]. The Armenians living in [[Agdam District|Aghdam District]] also had set their homes on fire.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/20/azerbaijan-army-enters-district-handed-over-by-armenia |title=Azerbaijan enters Nagorno-Karabakh district after peace deal |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=20 November 2020 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] }}</ref> The next day, Azerbaijani forces entered [[Agdam|Ağdam]], [[Rustam Muradov]], the chief of staff of the Russian peacekeeping task force in the region stating that the handover operation was carried out without incident.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan-army-enters-aghdam-armenians-flee/30959905.html |title=Azerbaijani Troops Take Control Of Agdam As Armenians Flee |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=20 November 2020 |work=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] }}</ref>
=== Azerbaijan ===
In contrast, the peace agreement and the end of the war was seen as a victory and was widely celebrated in Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web|last=Agency|first=Anadolu|date=2020-11-10|title=Euphoric Azerbaijanis celebrate "victorious" Nagorno-Karabakh peace deal|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/euphoric-azerbaijanis-celebrate-victorious-nagorno-karabakh-peace-deal/news|access-date=2020-11-10|website=Daily Sabah}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Dixon|first=Robyn|date=10 November 2020|title=Cease-fire in Nagorno-Karabakh provokes protests in Armenia, celebrations in Azerbaijan|newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/nagorno-karabakh-ceasefire-armenia-russia-azerbaijan/2020/11/10/b1b9bcc0-231b-11eb-9c4a-0dc6242c4814_story.html|access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref> On 10 November 2020, crowds waved flags in [[Baku]] when the deal was announced.<ref>{{cite news|date=2020-11-10|title=Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia sign Nagorno-Karabakh peace deal|publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54882564|access-date=2020-11-11}}</ref> The [[Armenian Apostolic Church]] reported that Ghazanchetsots Cathedral had been defaced after Azerbaijani forces took control of Shusha, prompting a statement by the Armenian Foreign Ministry denouncing the vandalism; Azerbaijani President Aliyev issued a statement saying Christian churches would be protected.<ref name="heintz-delay">{{cite news|last1=Heintz|first1=Jim|date=15 November 2020|title=Azerbaijan delays takeover, denounces fleeing Armenians|work=AP News|agency=AP|url=https://apnews.com/article/peacekeeping-forces-azerbaijan-russia-vladimir-putin-armenia-07679eadaeb535be478331e6113463c9|accessdate=15 November 2020}}</ref>
== Casualties, equipment losses and infrastructure damage ==
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| image1 = Rescue teams work at a site hit by a rocket during fighting over the breakaway region of Nagorno-Karabakh, in the city of Ganja, Azerbaijan, early Oct. 17, 2020.png
| caption1 = Rescue teams in [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]], second-largest city of [[Azerbaijan]], at a site hit by an [[2020 Ganja ballistic missile attacks|attack]].
| image2 = Stepanakert on October 4, 2020.webm
| thumbtime2 = 00:27
| caption2 = [[Stepanakert]], the capital city of the [[Republic of Artsakh]], has been heavily damaged by [[2020 bombardment of Stepanakert|shelling during the conflict]].
}}
{{main|Casualties of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war}}
Civilian and military casualties have been high,<ref name=":10">{{cite web|title=The human cost of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/12/the-human-cost-of-the-nagorno-karabakh-conflict|access-date=2020-10-15|website=aljazeera.com}}</ref> officially in the hundreds and possibly in the low thousands,<ref name=":4">{{cite news|last1=McKernan|first1=Bethan|last2=Zavallis |first2=Achilleas|date=2020-10-13|title=Trench warfare, drones and cowering civilians: on the ground in Nagorno-Karabakh|publisher=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/oct/13/trench-warfare-drones-and-cowering-civilians-on-the-ground-in-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=2020-10-13|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> with casualty reports not having been independently verified. Civilian areas, including major cities, have been hit, including Azerbaijan's second-largest city, Ganja, and the region's capital, Stepanakert, with many buildings and homes destroyed.<ref>{{cite news|date=2020-10-05|title=In pictures: Fighting rages in Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54418901|access-date=2020-10-05|archive-date=2020-10-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005180202/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54418901|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2020-10-04|title=Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: Major cities hit as heavy fighting continues|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54407436|access-date=2020-10-05|archive-date=2020-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004100202/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54407436|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Ghazanchetsots Cathedral]] has also been damaged.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ronzheimer |first1=Paul|last2=Moutafis|first2=Giorgos|date=9 October 2020|title=Church bombed to ruins|language=de|publisher=Bild|url=https://m.bild.de/politik/international/bild-international/bild-reporter-at-armenian-frontline-church-bombed-to-ruins-73330690,view=amp.bildMobile.html|archiveurl=https://archive.vn/xwnWw|archive-date=9 October 2020}}</ref> Several outlets reported increased cases of [[COVID-19]] in Nagorno-Karabakh, particularly the city of Stepanakert, where the population is forced to live in overcrowded [[bunker]]s, due to Azerbaijan artillery and drone strikes, and difficulty in testing and contact tracing.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/virus-outbreak-pandemics-azerbaijan-armenia-europe-14f519a45ce899c2c7a52cba7c876850|title=Coronavirus spreads in Nagorno-Karabakh amid heavy fighting|date=2020-10-21|website=apnews.com|agency=Associated Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/coronavirus/coronavirus-thrives-in-karabakh-s-bomb-shelters-1.5159270|title=Coronavirus thrives in Karabakh's bomb shelters|date=2020-10-24|website=ctvnews.ca|publisher=CTV News}}</ref>
=== Casualties ===
==== Civilians ====
According to Armenian sources, on 27 September 2020, two civilians were killed by Azerbaijani shelling in [[Martuni Province]], with approximately a dozen injured in Stepanakert;<ref name="panam">{{cite web |url=https://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/285539/|title=Karabakh woman, child killed in Azerbaijan's shelling|publisher=PanArmenian|access-date=2020-10-11|archive-date=2020-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004025152/https://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/285539/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/30860623.html|title=Միայն Ստեփանակերտում 10-ից ավելի վիրավոր կա, ներառյալ՝ երեխաներ ու կանայք. Արցախի ՄԻՊ|website=«Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան|access-date=2020-10-11|archive-date=2020-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929142757/https://www.azatutyun.am/a/30860623.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> the Azerbaijani MoD denied the reports.<ref>{{cite web|title=Azerbaijan Army does not shell civilians|url=https://mod.gov.az/en/news/azerbaijan-army-does-not-shell-civilians-32324.html|access-date=27 September 2020|website=mod.gov.az|archive-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004151523/https://mod.gov.az/en/news/azerbaijan-army-does-not-shell-civilians-32324.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 10 October 2020, Armenian media reported the killing of two civilians in Hadrut, a mother and his son with a [[disability]], according to Armenia the killing was carried out by Azerbaijani infiltrators.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/10/azerbaijani-subversive-group-kills-mother-and-son-in-hadrut/|title=Azerbaijani subversive group kills mother and son in Hadrut|date=10 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1031187/|title=Azerbaijanis kill civilians in their home in Artsakh amid ceasefire|date=10 October 2020}}</ref> By 4 November 2020, Armenian authorities reported 54 Armenian civilians were killed in the conflict.<ref name="armeniacividead"/>
According to Azerbaijani sources, the Armenian military has targeted densely populated areas containing civilian structures.<ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=One more civil person killed as a result of shelling of residential settlements by Armenia|website=apa.az|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/One-more-civil-person-killed-as-a-result-of-shelling-of-residential-settlements-by-Armenia-331411|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> As of 9 November 2020, the [[Prosecutor General's Office of Azerbaijan|Prosecutor General's Office of the Republic of Azerbaijan]] stated that during the clashes, as a result of reported shelling by Armenian artillery and rocketing, 93 people had been killed, while 407 people had been wounded.<ref name="AzerCivs"/>
As of 23 October 2020, the Armenian authorities has stated that the conflict had displaced more than half of Nagorno-Karabakh's population or approximately 90,000 people.<ref name="riadisplaced"/> The [[International Rescue Committee]] has also claimted that more than half of the population of Nagorno-Karabakh has been displaced by the conflict.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rescue.org/article/crisis-watch-breaking-news-international-rescue-committee|title=Crisis Watch: Breaking news from the International Rescue Committee|date=2020-11-07|website=rescue.org|publisher=International Rescue Committee}}</ref> As of 2 November 2020, the Azerbaijani authorities has stated that the conflict had displaced approximately 40,000 people in Azerbaijan.<ref name="azerbaijandisplaced"/>
Seven journalists have been injured.<ref name=":12"/><ref name="anarshushali"/> On 1 October 2020, two French journalists from ''[[Le Monde]]'' covering the clashes in [[Khojavend (town)|Khojavend]] were injured by Azerbaijani shellfire.<ref>"[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/01/two-french-reporters-injured-amid-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict Two French reporters "injured" amid Armenia–Azerbaijan conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007002854/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/01/two-french-reporters-injured-amid-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict|date=2020-10-07}}", ''The Guardian'' 1 October 2020</ref> A week later, three Russian journalists reporting in [[Shusha]] were seriously injured by an Azerbaijani attack.<ref>"[https://armenpress.am/arm/news/1030925.html Շուշիի Ղազանչեցոց եկեղեցու հրթիռակոծությունից վիրավորված ռուս լրագրողներից մեկի վիճակը ծայրահեղ ծանր է] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011141032/https://armenpress.am/arm/news/1030925.html |date=2020-10-11}}" ArmenPress 8 October 2020</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.am/eng/news/606904.html|title=Russia MFA: Russian reporters wounded in Nagorno-Karabakh conflict zone to be transported to Yerevan|publisher=Armenia News|date=10 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011141035/https://news.am/eng/news/606904.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On 19 October 2020, according to Azerbaijani sources, an Azerbaijani [[AzTV]] journalist received shrapnel wounds from Armenian shellfire in Aghdam District.<ref name="anarshushali">{{cite news |url=https://ria.ru/20201019/karabakh-1580506732.html|title=Азербайджан заявил о четырех пострадавших при обстреле Агдамского района|date=19 October 2020|access-date=19 October 2020|publisher=RIA Novosti |language=ru}}</ref>
[[File:Ilham Aliyev and first lady Mehriban Aliyeva met with wounded servicemen undergoing treatment at Central Military Clinical Hospital of Defense Ministry 5.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.9|Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev and Vice-president [[Mehriban Aliyeva]] during a meeting with wounded Azerbaijani servicemen.]]
==== Military ====
During the conflict, the government of Azerbaijan did not reveal the number of its military casualties.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54338454|title=Armenia–Azerbaijan conflict: Casualties mount in Nagorno-Karabakh battle|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|date=29 September 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=5 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005135938/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54338454|url-status=live}}</ref> On 23 October 2020, President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, confirmed that [[Shukur Hamidov]] who was made [[National Hero of Azerbaijan]] in 2016, was killed during the operations in [[Qubadli District]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.turan.az/ext/news/2020/10/free/politics%20news/en/129051.htm |title=Hero of Azerbaijan Shukur Hamidov Died|date=23 October 2020|access-date=26 October 2020|agency=Turan Information Agency}}</ref> This was the first military casualty officially confirmed by the government. However, Armenian and Artsakh authorities have claimed 7,630 Azerbaijani soldiers and Syrian mercenaries were killed.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/11/08/azerbaijans-military-death-toll-reaches-7630/|title=Azerbaijan's military death toll reaches 7,630|website=armenpress.am|access-date=8 November 2020|date=8 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1031389.html|title=Artsakh's Defense Army publishes another list of casualties|newspaper=Armenpress|date=12 October 2020|access-date=12 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On 6 October 2020, the Azerbaijani MoD denied an Armenian MoD reports of 200 deaths<ref>{{cite web|date=5 October 2020|title=Artsakh forces use tactical trick, forcing the enemy to flee, leaving 200 dead |url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/05/artsakh-forces-use-tactical-trick-forcing-the-enemy-to-fee-leaving-200-dead/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=6 October 2020|title=Shelling of Azerbaijani frontline villages intensified|url=http://www.eng.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/52356/|publisher=Caucasian Knot}}</ref> after the alleged defeat of an Azerbaijani unit.<ref>{{cite web|date=6 October 2020|title=Baku refutes report on heavy casualties in Nagorno-Karabakh battles|url=https://tass.com/armeniaazerbaij-conflict/1208927|access-date=6 October 2020|agency=TASS|archive-date=6 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006040249/https://tass.com/armeniaazerbaij-conflict/1208927|url-status=live}}</ref> After the end of the war, the President of Azerbaijan stated housing would be provided for the families of 1,500 "martyrs" killed during the conflict.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://menafn.com/1101111994/Relatives-of-those-killed-in-the-Second-Karabakh-War-will-be-provided-with-apartments-and-houses-President-of-Azerbaijan|title=Relatives of those killed in the Second Karabakh War will be provided with apartments and houses - President of Azerbaijan|date=11 November 2020|access-date=11 November 2020}}</ref>
The [[Syrian Observatory for Human Rights]] documented the death of at least 293 Syrian fighters or mercenaries fighting for Azerbaijan.<ref name="syriandead"/> On 14 November 2020, the Observatory reported the death of a commander of the [[Syrian National Army|Syrian National Army's]] [[Hamza Division (Aleppo)|Hamza Division]].<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-11-14|title= Turkish-backed mercenaries {{!}} Nearly 800 Syrian fighters killed in Libya and Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/192201/|access-date=2020-11-14|publisher=The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights}}</ref>
Artsakh authorities reported the deaths of 2,425 servicemen during the conflict,<ref name="armenianKIA"/> while the Azerbaijani authorities reported more than 2,300 Armenian servicemen were killed or wounded as of 30 September 2020.<ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan">{{cite news|url=https://mod.gov.az/en/news/up-to-2-300-enemy-soldiers-was-killed-32425.html|title=Up to 2,300 enemy soldiers were killed |website=mod.gov.az|date=30 September 2020|access-date=30 September 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On 27 October 2020, Artsakh authorities stated that its defense minister [[Jalal Harutyunyan]] was wounded in action.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/27/jalal-harutyunyan-wounded-mikael-arzumanyan-appointed-artsakh-defense-minister/|title=Jalal Harutyunyan wounded, Mikael Arzumanyan appointed Artsakh Defense Minister|date=27 October 2020|access-date=27 October 2020}}</ref> However, unofficial Azerbaijani military sources alleged that he was killed and released footage apparently showing the assassination from a drone camera.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://teleqraf.com/news/ermenistan/266523.html|title=Arutunyan belə məhv edilib – Video|date=27 October 2020|access-date=27 October 2020|language=az|website=Teleqraf.com}}</ref>
=== Infrastructure damage ===
[[File:Damaged Ghazanchetsots Cathedral in Shushi.png|thumb|right|upright=0.9|The [[Armenian Apostolic Church|Armenian Apostolic]] [[Ghazanchetsots Cathedral]] in [[Shusha]] was [[2020 Ghazanchetsots Cathedral shelling|shelled twice]] during the conflict.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Armenia accuses Azerbaijan of shelling Shusha cathedral |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54465172|agency=BBC News|date=8 October 2020|archiveurl=https://archive.vn/6BeN7|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54488386|title=Armenia Azerbaijan: Reports of fresh shelling dent ceasefire hopes|publisher=BBC News|date=11 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Ronzheimer|first1=Paul|last2=Moutafis|first2=Giorgos|title=Church bombed to ruins|url=https://m.bild.de/politik/international/bild-international/bild-reporter-at-armenian-frontline-church-bombed-to-ruins-73330690,view=amp.bildMobile.html|publisher=Bild|date=9 October 2020|archiveurl=https://archive.vn/xwnWw|archive-date=9 October 2020|language=de}}</ref>]]
The [[Ghazanchetsots Cathedral]] in [[Shusha]] [[2020 Ghazanchetsots Cathedral shelling|has been damaged]]. On 19 October 2020, strong fire broke out in a cotton plant in [[Azad Qaraqoyunlu]], [[Tartar District]], as a result of the Armenian artillery shelling, with several large hangars of the plant getting completely burned down.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://ria.ru/20201019/pozhar-1580535542.html|title=В азербайджанском Тертере загорелся хлопковый завод после обстрелов|date=19 October 2020|access-date=19 October 2020|language=ru|publisher=RIA Novosti}}</ref> An Armenian-backed Nagorno-Karabakh human rights ombudsman report noted 5,800 private properties destroyed and 520 private vehicles, with damage to 960 items of civilian infrastructure, and industrial and public and objects. As of 24 October 2020, the [[Prosecutor General's Office of Azerbaijan|Prosecutor General's Office of the Republic of Azerbaijan]] reported 1,941 private houses, 382 civilian facilities, and 90 multi-storey residential buildings being damaged.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f942ed3c4548e02bf3cc226%26%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%20%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%20%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%85%20%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85%20%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%85%262020-10-24T13%3A40%3A36.839Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:11a0851d-2d80-47ac-9754-d94447409e3e&pinned_post_asset_id=5f942ed3c4548e02bf3cc226&pinned_post_type=share|title=Азербайджан обновил данные об убитых мирных жителях|date=24 October 2020|access-date=24 October 2020|publisher=BBC Russian Service|url-status=live|language=ru}}</ref>
=== Equipment losses ===
By 7 October 2020, Azerbaijan reported to have destroyed about 250 tanks and other armored vehicles; 150 other military vehicles; 11 command and command-observation posts; 270 artillery units and [[MLRS]]s, including a [[BM-27 Uragan]]; 60 Armenian anti-aircraft systems, including 4 S-300 and 25 [[9K33 Osa]]s; 18 UAVs and 8 arms depots.<ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan"/><ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan2">{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Azerbaijan's-MoD:-Up-to-200-tanks-228-artillery-cannons-300-units-of-air-defense-systems-of-Armenia-destroyed-331801|title=Azerbaijan's MoD: Up to 200 tanks, 228 artillery cannons, 300 units of air defense systems of Armenia destroyed|website=apa.az|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020 |archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001213252/https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Azerbaijan%27s-MoD%3A-Up-to-200-tanks-228-artillery-cannons-300-units-of-air-defense-systems-of-Armenia-destroyed-331801|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan3">{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/frontline-news/Azerbaijani-MoD:-List-of-the-enemy's-destroyed-military-equipment-colorredLISTcolor-332284|title=Azerbaijani MoD: List of the enemy's destroyed military equipment|website=apa.az|date=7 October 2020|access-date=7 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan4">{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Azerbaijani-President-announces-list-of-destroyed-and-looted-military-equipment-of-Armenia-332516|title=Azerbaijani President announces list of destroyed and looted military equipment of Armenia|website=apa.az|date=9 October 2020|access-date=9 October 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011141826/https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Azerbaijani-President-announces-list-of-destroyed-and-looted-military-equipment-of-Armenia-332516|url-status=live}}</ref> destroyed. As of 16 October 2020, the Azerbaijani President stated that the Armenian losses were at US$2 billion.<ref>{{cite news|date=16 October 2020|title=Ilham Aliyev: Armenian army suffers damage of US$2 billion|agency=Report Information Agency|url=https://report.az/en/nagorno-karabakh-conflict/ilham-aliyev-armenian-army-suffers-damage-of-2-billion/|access-date=20 October 2020}}</ref> In turn an Azerbaijani helicopter was stated to have been damaged, but its crew had apparently returned it to Azerbaijani-controlled territory without casualties.<ref name="azerbaijanihelicoptersurvived">{{cite news |url=https://report.az/herbi-xeberler/terterde-zedelenen-doyus-helikopteri-pesekarliqla-oz-erazimize-endirilib/|title=Tərtərdə zədələnən döyüş helikopteri peşəkarlıqla öz ərazimizə endirilib|access-date=29 September 2020|date=27 September 2020|website=report.az|publisher=Report Information Agency|language=az|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001213053/https://report.az/herbi-xeberler/terterde-zedelenen-doyus-helikopteri-pesekarliqla-oz-erazimize-endirilib/|url-status=live}}</ref> Later it was reported that on 12 October 2020, Azerbaijan had destroyed one [[OTR-21 Tochka#Scarab B|Tochka-U]] missile launcher. On 14 October 2020, Azerbaijan stated it had further destroyed five [[T-72]] tanks, three [[BM-21 Grad]] rocket launchers, one 9K33 Osa missile system, one [[BMP-2]] vehicle, one [[100 mm air defense gun KS-19|KS-19]] air defense gun, two [[122 mm howitzer 2A18 (D-30)|D-30]] howitzers and several Armenian army automobiles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3316263.html|title=Военная техника ВС Армении, уничтоженная сегодня ночью – СПИСОК|publisher=Trend News Agency|language=ru|date=14 October 2020|access-date=14 October 2020}}</ref> On the same day, Azerbaijan announced the destruction of three [[R-17 Elbrus]] [[tactical ballistic missile]] launchers that had been targeting [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]] and [[Mingachevir]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mod.gov.az/az/news/yasayis-menteqelerimizi-hedefe-alan-dusmen-raketleri-bolmelerimizin-qabaqlayici-zerbesi-ile-siradan-cixarilib-32975.html |title=Yaşayış məntəqələrimizi hədəfə alan düşmən raketləri bölmələrimizin qabaqlayıcı zərbəsi ilə sıradan çıxarılıb|publisher=Ministry of Defense of Azerbaijan|language=az|date=14 October 2020|access-date=14 October 2020}}</ref> BBC reporters confirmed the destruction of at least one tactical ballistic missile launcher in the vicinity of [[Vardenis]], close to the border with Azerbaijan, and posted photo evidence in support of this information.<ref>{{cite news |title=Где были ракетные комплексы Армении, которые разбомбил Азербайджан? Репортаж Би-би-си |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-54550977 |accessdate=21 November 2020 |agency=BBC |date=15 October 2020}}</ref>
Armenian and Artsakh authorities initially reported the downing of four Azerbaijani helicopters and the destruction of ten tanks and [[IFV]]s, as well as 15 drones.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|title=Ոչնչացվել են հակառակորդի 4 ուղղաթիռ, շուրջ 15 ԱԹՍ, 10 տանկ և հետևակի մարտական մեքենա. ԼՂ ՊՆ|url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/30860621.html|website=«Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան|access-date=2020-10-11|archive-date=2020-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929175806/https://www.azatutyun.am/a/30860621.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Later the numbers were revised to 36 tanks and armored personnel vehicles destroyed, two armored combat engineering vehicles destroyed and four helicopters and 27 unmanned aerial vehicles downed all within the first day of hostilities.<ref name="31killed">{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=Armenia military top brass hold tactical consultation|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029179.html|access-date=28 September 2020|archive-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002201953/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029179.html|url-status=live}}</ref> They released footage showing the [[Cooking off#Tanks|destruction]] or damage of five Azerbaijani tanks.<ref>{{cite web|date=27 September 2020|title=Tanks Ablaze As Azerbaijani Forces Attack Armenian Troops In Disputed Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/sebastienroblin/2020/09/27/tanks-ablaze-as-azerbaijani-forces-attack-armenian-troops-in-disputed-nagorno-karabakh/#7c73fb172f90|publisher=Forbes|access-date=11 October 2020 |archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009181317/https://www.forbes.com/sites/sebastienroblin/2020/09/27/tanks-ablaze-as-azerbaijani-forces-attack-armenian-troops-in-disputed-nagorno-karabakh/#7c73fb172f90|url-status=live}}</ref> Over the course of 2 October, the Artsakh Defence Army said they had destroyed 39 Azerbaijani military vehicles, including a [[T-90]] tank; four [[SU-25]] fighter-bombers; three [[Mi-24]] attack helicopters; and 17 UAVs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Իրավիճակի ամփոփում ժ. 18։00 դրությամբ. 02.10.2020թ.|trans-title=Situation summary h. As of 18:00. 02.10.2020 |url=https://razm.info/146648|website=razm.info|date=2 October 2020|language=hy|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=7 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007231427/https://razm.info/146648|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Analysis ==
=== Nationalist sentiment ===
{{Further|Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan|Anti-Azerbaijani sentiment in Armenia}}
While Armenians and Azerbaijanis lived side by side under Soviet rule, the collapse of the Soviet Union contributed to [[racialization]] and fierce [[nationalism]], causing both Armenians and Azerbaijanis to [[stereotype]] each other, shaping respective sociopolitical discourses.<ref name=":8">{{cite web|last=Oskanian|first=Kevork|title=Perspectives {{!}} Stereotypes and hatred drive the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict {{!}} Eurasianet|url=https://eurasianet.org/perspectives-stereotypes-and-hatred-drive-the-nagorno-karabakh-conflict|url-status=live|access-date=2020-10-11|website=eurasianet.org}}</ref> Before, during and after the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, the growth of anti-Armenian and anti-Azerbaijan sentiment resulted in ethnic violence, including pogroms against Armenians in Azerbaijan, as in [[Sumgait pogrom|Sumgait]] and [[Baku pogrom|Baku]],<ref name="Cornell">{{cite book|last=Cornell|first=Svante|title=Azerbaijan Since Independence |publisher=M.E. Sharpe|year=2010|isbn=978-0765630032|page=48}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rferl.org: Nagorno-Karabakh: Timeline Of The Long Road To Peace |url=http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1065626.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329025222/http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1065626.html|archive-date=29 March 2014|access-date=2 January 2020}}</ref><ref name="rferl2">{{cite news|date=3 February 2003|title=Newsline|newspaper=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1142847.html|url-status=live |access-date=31 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006122039/http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1142847.html|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=17 June 2013 |title=The South Caucasus Between The EU and the Eurasian Union|url=http://www.css.ethz.ch/publications/pdfs/CAD-51-52.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029210003/http://www.css.ethz.ch/publications/pdfs/CAD-51-52.pdf|archive-date=29 October 2013|access-date=3 July 2013|work=Caucasus Analytical Digest #51–52 |publisher=Forschungsstelle Osteuropa, Bremen and Center for Security Studies, Zürich|page=21|issn=1867-9323}}</ref> and against Azerbaijanis in Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh, as at [[Gugark massacre|Gugark]] and [[1988 violence in Shusha and Stepanakert|Stepanakert]].<ref name="nytgugark">{{cite web|last=Barringer|first=Felicity|date=7 December 1988|title=3 More Killed in Soviet Ethnic Protest |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/07/world/3-more-killed-in-soviet-ethnic-protest.html|access-date=5 November 2020|newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="bbcpogrom">{{cite web|date=August 29, 2005|title=Карабах: хронология конфликт|trans-title=Karabakh: Chronology of the conflict|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/russian/news/newsid_3681000/3681079.stm|archive-url=http://archive.is/N7Cn|archive-date=July 11, 2012|access-date=5 November 2020|work=BBC Russian Service|publisher=BBC|language=ru}}</ref><ref name="trud">{{cite web|last=Khlystun|first=Victor|date=1 February 2001|title=10 БАЛЛОВ ПО ШКАЛЕ ПОЛИТБЮРО|trans-title=10 POINTS ON THE POLITBURO SCALE|url=https://www.trud.ru/article/01-02-2001/18874_10_ballov_po_shkale_politbjuro.html|access-date=5 November 2020|newspaper=Trud|language=ru}}</ref><ref name="kavkazpogrom">{{cite journal|last=Papyan|first=Mane |date=22 April 2015|title=Gugark after Sumgait|url=https://caucasusedition.net/gugark-after-sumgait/|journal=Caucasus Edition|language=ru|archive-url=https://archive.is/w4M0c|archive-date=5 November 2020 |access-date=5 November 2020}}</ref> The incitement of hatred and promotion of hate speech is one of the main obstacles to creating the necessary conditions for a peace process.<ref>{{cite web|date=28 April 2017|title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination examines the report of Armenia |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=21550&LangID=E|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007070421/http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=21550&LangID=E|archive-date=7 October 2017|website=ohchr.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2020-10-14|title=Karabakh war leaves civilians shell-shocked and bitter|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54522278|access-date=2020-10-14}}</ref>{{verification needed|date=November 2020}}
=== Azerbaijani aims ===
[[File:Nj-38-4-stepanakert-ussr-iran-croppedv1.png|thumb|right|Most of Azerbaijan's initial successful advances were concentrated in the areas located along the [[Aras (river)|Aras River]], which has less mountainous terrain compared to the region's northern and central territories.]]
In a 27 September 2020 interview, regional expert [[Thomas de Waal]] said that it was highly unlikely that hostilities were initiated by the Armenian side, as they were already in possession of the disputed territory and were incentivized to normalize the [[status quo]], while "for various reasons, Azerbaijan calculate[d] that military action w[ould] win it something".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ahvalnews.com/azerbaijan-armenia/armenia-lacks-incentives-launch-military-action-now-azerbaijan-moved-first|title=Armenia lacks incentives to launch military action now, Azerbaijan moved in first |first1=Thomas|last1=de Waal|publisher=Ahval News|date=27 September 2020}}</ref> An analyst cited by ''[[Foreign Policy]]'' magazine predicted that Azerbaijan would have great difficulty in trying to control the entire area of Nagorno-Karabakh due to the extremely inaccessible mountainous terrain controlled by Armenian troops. In addition, he opined that the readiness of the Azerbaijani army was poor, with morale low, its structure corrupt and inefficient, and a desertion rate as high as 20%. Furthermore, despite large investments in the purchase of military equipment from oil profits, the Azerbaijani army was said to lack adequate training for the use of new equipment.<ref name="fp_280920"/> The suspected immediate goal of the Azerbaijani offensive was to capture the districts of [[Fuzuli District|Fuzuli]] and [[Jabrayil District|Jabrayil]] in southern Nagorno-Karabakh, where the terrain is less mountainous and more favorable for offensive operations.<ref name="eurasianet_290920"/> According to Russian military expert Mikhail Khodarenok, Azerbaijan had carefully planned and prepared the offensive operation; however, he added that the Azerbaijani army did not appear to complete its initial objectives during the first five days of the clashes, taking neither Fuzuli nor [[Mardakert]].<ref name="eadaily_021020">{{cite web|date=2 October 2020|title='Забуксовала, заглохла': эксперт о военной операции Азербайджана в Карабахе |url=https://eadaily.com/ru/news/2020/10/02/zabuksovala-zaglohla-ekspert-o-voennoy-operacii-azerbaydzhana-v-karabahe|publisher=EurAsia Daily|language=ru|quote=Азербайджанская армия не выполнила за 5 дней ни одной задачи первого дня. Михаил Ходарёнок}}</ref> Similarly, political scientist Arkady Dubnov of the [[Carnegie Moscow Center]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Аркадий Дубнов |url=https://carnegie.ru/commentary/experts/1113|access-date=2020-10-08|publisher=Carnegie Moscow Center|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Аркадий Дубнов|url=https://globalaffairs.ru/authors/arkadij-dubnov/|access-date=2020-10-08|website=Россия в глобальной политике|language=ru}}</ref> believed that Azerbaijan had launched the offensive to improve Azerbaijan's position in a suitable season for hostilities in the terrain.<ref>{{cite web|last=Аркадий|first=Дубнов|title=Карабах: вулкан проснулся — Аркадий Дубнов — В круге СВЕТА — Эхо Москвы, 29.09.2020|url=https://echo.msk.ru/programs/sorokina/2716421-echo/|access-date=2020-10-08|website=Эхо Москвы|language=ru}}</ref>
=== Turkey and Russia ===
{{See also|Russia–Turkey proxy conflict}}
The [[geostrategy|geostrategic]] interests of Russia and Turkey in the region were widely commented upon during the war. Both were described as benefiting from the ceasefire agreement, with ''The Economist'' stating that for Russia, China and Turkey, "all sides stand to benefit economically".<ref name="economist-bloody">{{cite news |title=A peace deal ends a bloody war over Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.economist.com/europe/2020/11/14/a-peace-deal-ends-a-bloody-war-over-nagorno-karabakh |accessdate=18 November 2020 |work=The Economist |date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
====Turkey====
Azerbaijan and Turkey are bound by ethnic, cultural and historic ties, and both countries refer to [[Azerbaijan–Turkey relations|their relationship]] as being one between "two states, one nation".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/turkey-territorial-disputes-azerbaijan-ankara-armenia-9a95d9690569623adedffe8c16f3588d |first=Suzan|last=Fraser|title=AP Explains: What lies behind Turkish support for Azerbaijan|date=20 October 2020|access-date=20 October 2020|agency=Associated Press}}</ref> Turkey (then the [[Ottoman Empire]]) helped Azerbaijan, previously part of the [[Russian Empire]] [[Azerbaijan Democratic Republic|gain its independence]] in 1918, and became the first country to recognize Azerbaijan's independence from the [[Soviet Union]] in 1991.<ref>{{cite web|first=Chinara|last=Musayeva|url=https://tasam.org/Files/Icerik/File/history_of_azerbaijan_-_turkey_relations_e78c28df-19cc-4d90-b290-b5bb571bc6d8.pdf|title=History of Azerbaijan – Turkey Relations|publisher=Turkish Asian Center for Strategic Studies}}</ref> Turkey has also been the guarantor of the [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic]], an exclave of Azerbaijan, since 1921.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eurasianet.org/azerbaijan-building-up-forces-in-nakhchivan |first=Zaur|last=Shiriyev|title=Azerbaijan Building Up Forces in Nakhchivan|date=10 August 2017|access-date=20 October 2020|publisher=Eurasianet}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first=Laçin İdil|last=Öztığ |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/559558#:~:text=T%C3%BCrkiye%2C%201921%20y%C4%B1l%C4%B1nda%20imzalanan%20Moskova,d%C4%B1%C5%9F%20politika%20krizi%20ortaya%20%C3%A7%C4%B1km%C4%B1%C5%9Ft%C4%B1r|title=TÜRKİYE VE ERMENİSTAN İLİŞKİLERİNDE NAHÇIVAN SORUNU|date=26 January 2018|access-date=20 October 2020|journal=Journal Of Modern Turkish History Studies|via=DergiPark|language=tr|volume=36|pages=413–430}}</ref> Other commentators have seen Turkey's support for Azerbaijan as part of an activist foreign policy, linking it with [[Neo-Ottomanism|neo-Ottoman]] policies in [[Turkish occupation of northern Syria|Syria]], [[Operations Claw-Eagle and Tiger|Iraq]], and the Eastern Mediterranean.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ulgen |first1=Sinan |title=A Weak Economy Won’t Stop Turkey’s Activist Foreign Policy |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/10/06/a-weak-economy-wont-stop-turkeys-activist-foreign-policy/ |accessdate=15 November 2020 |work=Foreign Policy |date=6 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19436149.2018.1549232?src=recsys&journalCode=ccri20|doi=10.1080/19436149.2018.1549232|title=Imperial Grandeur and Selective Memory: Re-assessing Neo-Ottomanism in Turkish Foreign and Domestic Politics|year=2019|last1=Wastnidge|first1=Edward|journal=Middle East Critique|volume=28|pages=7–28|s2cid=149534930}}</ref> Turkey's highly visible role in the conflict was described by Armenians as a continuation of the [[Armenian Genocide]], the mass murder and expulsion of 1.5 million Armenians by the [[Imperial Government (Ottoman Empire)|Ottoman government]], particularly given Turkey's [[Armenian Genocide denial|continued denial of the genocide]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia says Turkey seeks to continue genocide in Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-pashinyan-idUSKBN26S0OS|agency=Reuters|date=7 October 2020|access-date=22 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Turkey actions amount to "terroristic attack", continuation of genocide: Armenian PM|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/world/2020/10/07/Turkey-actions-amount-to-terroristic-attack-continuation-of-genocide-Armenian-PM |publisher=Al Arabiya|date=7 October 2020|access-date=22 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title="Defend our nation": Armenian diaspora feels pull of another war |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/03/armenian-diaspora-feels-pull-of-another-war-kardashian-azerbaijan|publisher=The Guardian|date=3 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia's Prime Minister Accuses Turkey of 'Reinstating the Ottoman Empire' in Sending Mercenaries to Nagorno Karabakh|url=https://time.com/5896422/armenia-azerbaijan-conflict-2020/|access-date=2020-10-16|website=time.com}}</ref> Turkey provided military support to Azerbaijan, including military experts and Syrian mercenaries.<ref name="economist-bloody" /> The access corridor stipulated by the ceasefire agreement, linking Nakhchivan and the main part of Azerbaijan through Armenia, would provide Turkey with trade access to [[Central Asia]] and China's [[Belt and Road Initiative]].<ref name="economist-bloody" />
====Russia====
Russia had sought to maintain good [[Azerbaijan–Russia relations|relations with Azerbaijan]] and had sold weapons to both parties. Even prior to the war, Russia had possessed a [[Russian 102nd Military Base|military base in Armenia]] as part of a [[Armenia–Russia relations#Military union and cooperation|military alliance with Armenia]], and thus was obligated by treaty to defend Armenia in the case of a war. Like in Syria and in Libya's ongoing civil war, Russia and NATO-member Turkey therefore had opposing interests.<ref name=":16">{{cite web|title=Why The Armenia-Azerbaijan Fighting Could Spiral Into A Larger Regional Conflict|url=https://time.com/5894934/armenia-azerbaijan-fighting-regional-conflict/|access-date=2020-10-15|website=time.com}}</ref> Turkey appeared to use the conflict to attempt to leverage its influence in the South Caucasus along its eastern border, using both military and diplomatic resources to extend its sphere of influence in the Middle East, and to marginalize the influence of Russia, another [[regional power]].<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-09-29|title=Is Turkey a brother in arms or just extending its footprint into Nagorno-Karabakh?|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200929-is-turkey-a-brother-in-arms-or-just-extending-its-footprint-into-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=2020-10-04|publisher=France 24}}</ref><ref name="nyt_011020">{{cite news |last=Gall|first=Carlotta|date=2020-10-01|title=Turkey Jumps Into Another Foreign Conflict, This Time in the Caucasus|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/01/world/middleeast/turkey-azerbaijan-armenia-war.html|access-date=2020-10-04|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Russia had historically pursued a policy of maintaining neutrality in the conflict, and Armenia never formally requested aid.<ref name="russiamatters01"/> According to the director of the Russia studies program at the [[CNA (nonprofit)|CNA]], at the beginning of the war Russia was judged to be unlikely to intervene militarily unless Armenia incurred drastic losses.<ref name="russiamatters01"/> However, the 14 October 2020 Azerbaijani strike within Armenian territory threatened to bring the mutual defense pact to the fore.<ref name=":14">{{cite news|date=2020-10-14 |title=Azerbaijan Attack on Armenia Raises Stakes in Karabakh Conflict|publisher=Bloomberg.com|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-10-14/azerbaijan-attack-on-armenia-raises-stakes-in-karabakh-conflict|access-date=2020-10-15}}</ref>
In a piece published by the Russian broadsheet ''[[Vedomosti]]'' on 10 November, Konstantin Makienko, a member of the [[State Duma]] Defence Committee, wrote that the geopolitical consequences of the war were "catastrophic" not only for Armenia but for Russia as well, because Moscow's influence in the Southern Caucasus had dwindled while "the prestige of a successful and feisty Turkey, contrariwise, ha[d] increased immensely".<ref name="vedomostimakienko">{{cite newspaper|author=Konstantin Makienko|url=https://www.vedomosti.ru/opinion/articles/2020/11/10/846462-rossiya-proigrala|title=Как Россия проиграла во второй карабахской войне |newspaper=Vedomosti|language=ru|date=10 November 2020}}</ref> Alexander Gabuev of the [[Carnegie Moscow Center]] took the opposite view, describing the peace agreement as "a win for Russia", as it had "prevented the conclusive defeat of Nagorno-Karabakh" and, by placing Russia in charge of the strategic Lachin corridor, boosted the country's leverage in the region.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gabuev |first1=Alexander |title=Viewpoint: Russia and Turkey - unlikely victors of Karabakh conflict |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54903869 |accessdate=18 November 2020 |work=BBC News |agency=Carnegie Moscow Center |date=12 November 2020}}</ref>
=== Military tactics ===
Azerbaijan's oil wealth allowed it to have a consistently higher [[military budget]] than Armenia,<ref name="economist-bloody" /> and it had purchased advanced weapons systems from Israel, Russia and Turkey.<ref name=":6" /> Despite the similar size of both militaries, Azerbaijan possessed superior tanks, armored personnel carriers and infantry fighting vehicles,<ref name=":12"/> and had also amassed a large fleet of cheap Turkish drones and state-of-the-art Israeli ones. Armenia built its own drones, but these were greatly inferior to the Israeli drones possessed by Azerbaijan.<ref name=":12"/> Azerbaijan had a quantitative advantage in artillery systems, particularly [[self-propelled gun]]s and long-range [[multiple rocket launcher]]s, while Armenia had a minor advantage in tactical ballistic missiles.<ref name=warontherocks/> Because of the air defence systems possessed by both sides, there was little use of manned aviation during the conflict.<ref name=":12"/>
In the opinion voiced by Russian military expert Vladimir Yevseev after the end of the war, for reasons that were not completely clear, Armenia appeared not to have executed the mobilisation it had announced and the mobilised personnel was hardly ever deployed to the area of conflict.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.svoboda.org/a/30956980.html |title="РФ могла оказывать поддержку только с территории Ирана" |date=18 November 2020|language=ru}}</ref>
==== Drone warfare ====
[[File:Baku pipelines.svg|thumb|upright=0.9|The [[Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline]] (green) is one of several pipelines running from Baku.]]
Azerbaijan made highly effective use of drones and sensors, demonstrating what ''The Economist'' described as a "new, more affordable type of air power".<ref name=":6"/> Azerbaijani drones, notably the [[Bayraktar TB2]], were used to carry out precise [[Drone strike|strikes]] and carry out [[reconnaissance]], relaying the coordinates of targets to Azerbaijani artillery.<ref name=":2"/> Commentators noted that the use of drones in Nagorno-Karabakh illustrated how they enabled small countries to conduct effective air campaigns, potentially making [[Low-intensity conflict|low-level conflicts]] much more deadly.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Roblin|first1=Sébastien|title=How an explosion of cheap armed drones is changing the nature of warfare|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/cheap-drones-china-turkey-israel-are-fueling-conflicts-armenia-azerbaijan-ncna1243246|website=NBC News}}</ref> [[Close air support]] was provided by specialized suicide drones, such as [[IAI Harop]], rendering tanks vulnerable and suggesting changes are required to armored warfare doctrine.<ref>{{cite web|last=Parakilas|first=Jacob|title=Tanks versus Drones Isn't Rock, Paper, Scissors|url=https://thediplomat.com/2020/10/tanks-vs-drones-isnt-rock-paper-scissors/|access-date=2020-10-15|website=thediplomat.com}}</ref> Another suicide drone, the Turkish-made [[STM Kargu]], was also reportedly used by Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.defenceturk.net/stmnin-yerli-kamikaze-ihasi-kargu-azerbaycanda-goruldu|title=STM'nin yerli kamikaze İHA'sı KARGU Azerbaycan'da görüldü|date=29 October 2020 |language=tr}}</ref><ref name="cnnturk">{{cite web|url=https://www.cnnturk.com/dunya/ilk-kez-libyada-kullanilmisti-bu-kez-azerbaycanda-goruntulendi|title=İlk kez Libya'da kullanılmıştı! Bu kez Azerbaycan'da görüntülendi|date=28 September 2020|language=tr|publisher=CNN Türk}}</ref>
==== Targeting of pipelines ====
Concerns were raised about the security of the [[petroleum industry in Azerbaijan]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict poses threat to regional energy corridor |url=https://eurasianet.org/azerbaijan-armenia-conflict-poses-threat-to-regional-energy-corridor|publisher=Eurasianet|date=9 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=BP "deeply concerned" as pipeline attack raises stakes in Azerbaijan conflict|url=https://www.spglobal.com/platts/en/market-insights/latest-news/natural-gas/100720-bp-deeply-concerned-as-pipeline-attack-raises-stakes-in-azerbaijan-conflict |publisher=S&P Global|date=7 October 2020}}</ref> Azerbaijan claimed that Armenia targeted, or tried to target, the [[Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline]], which accounted for around 80% of country's oil exports, and the [[Baku–Novorossiysk pipeline]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Armenia-tries-to-target-Baku-Novorossiysk-pipeline-leading-to-Russia.html|title=Armenia tries to target Baku-Novorossiysk pipeline leading to Russia|date=19 October 2020|website=vestnikkavkaza.net}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Armenia reportedly attacks Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/azerbaijan-front-line/armenia-reportedly-attacks-baku-tbilisi-ceyhan-pipeline/1998053|publisher=Anadolu Agency|date=6 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Azerbaijan warns over pipelines as Nagorno-Karabakh tensions rise |url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/azerbaijan/news/azerbaijan-warns-over-pipelines-as-nagorno-karabakh-tensions-rise/|publisher=EURACTIV|date=15 October 2020}}</ref> Armenia rejected the accusations.<ref>{{cite news|title=Azerbaijan Says Pipeline Targeted In Fighting; Armenia Rejects Accusation|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/azerbaijan-says-pipeline-targeted-in-fighting-armenia-rejects-accusation/30879737.html |publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|date=7 October 2020}}</ref>
==== Use of propaganda ====
[[File:Photo of the Armenian soldier from the frontline (Yerevan, Armenia).jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|right|Billboards in [[Yerevan]] have been displaying footage released by the Armenian Ministry of Defence since the beginning of the conflict.]]
{{See also|State-sponsored Internet propaganda}}
Both sides have engaged in extensive [[propaganda]] campaigns through the use of official mainstream and social media accounts magnified online,<ref name=":9"/> including in Russian media. The ability of drones to record their kills has enabled a highly effective Azerbaijani propaganda campaign.<ref name=":2"/><ref name=":6"/> In Baku, digital billboards have broadcast high-resolution footage of missiles striking Armenian soldiers, tanks, and other materiel. Azerbaijan's President Ilham Aliyev told Turkish television that Azerbaijani-operated drones had reduced the number of Azerbaijan's casualties, stating, "These drones show Turkey's strength" and "empowers" Azerbaijanis.<ref name=":12">{{cite web|last=Forestier-Walker|first=Robin|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: New weapons for an old conflict spell danger |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2020/10/13/nagorno-karabakh-new-weapons-for-an-old-conflict-spell-danger|access-date=2020-10-15|website=aljazeera.com}}</ref>
==== Cyberwarfare ====
Hackers from Armenia and Azerbaijan, as well as their allied countries have actively participated in [[cyberwarfare]], with Azerbaijani hackers targeting Armenian websites and posting Aliyev's statements,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.azerbaycan24.com/en/azerbaijani-hackers-broke-into-over-90-armenian-websites-video/|title=Azerbaijani hackers broke into over 90 armenian websites – VIDEO|website=azerbaycan24.com |date=27 September 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> and Greek hackers targeting Azerbaijani governmental websites.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://artsakh.news/en/news/190391|title=Greek hackers from Anonymous Greece hacked 159 state websites of Azerbaijan|website=artsakhnews|date=23 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> There has been coordinated efforts from both sides on social media regarding postings of content. [[Misinformation]] and videos of older events have been shared as new and different events related to the war. New social media account creation that post about Armenia and Azerbaijan has spiked, with many from authentic users, but many inauthentic accounts have also been detected.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Giles|first1=Christopher|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: The Armenian-Azeri "information wars" |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54614392|publisher=BBC|access-date=October 27, 2020|date=October 26, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Fighting Over Nagorno-Karabakh Spells Spike For Twitter And Its Hashtag Narratives|url=https://gandhara.rferl.org/a/nagorno-karabakh-figiting-spike-twitter-hashtag-narratives-armenia-azerbaijan/30894315.html|publisher=Gandhara|access-date=October 27, 2020|date=October 15, 2020}}</ref>
== Suspected war crimes ==
[[Secretary-General of the United Nations|UN Secretary-General]] [[António Guterres]] stated that "indiscriminate attacks on populated areas anywhere, including in [[Stepanakert]], [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]] and other localities in and around the immediate Nagorno-Karabakh zone of conflict, were totally unacceptable".<ref name="United Nations">{{cite web|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/10/1075672|title=Both sides obliged to 'spare and protect civilians' over Nagorno-Karabakh fighting declares UN's Guterres|date=18 October 2020|access-date=19 October 2020|publisher=United Nations}}</ref>
=== Armenian ===
[[File:Armenian bombardment of Azerbaijani territories.jpg|thumb|right|Armenian artillery projectile, which struck a road in Azerbaijan.]]
Armenia struck several Azerbaijani cities outside of the conflict zone, most frequently [[Tartar (city)|Tartar]], [[Beylagan (city)|Beylagan]] and [[Barda, Azerbaijan|Barda]].<ref>{{cite web|date=6 October 2020|title=Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: Azerbaijan accuses Armenian forces of shelling the towns of Tartar, Barda and Beylagan|url=https://www.france24.com/en/video/20201006-nagorno-karabakh-conflict-azerbaijan-accuses-armenian-forces-of-shelling-the-towns-of-tartar-barda-and-beylagan|website=france24.com|publisher=France 24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Julia Hahn|date=26 October 2020|title=Civilians suffer amid Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|url=https://www.dw.com/en/civilians-suffer-amid-nagorno-karabakh-conflict/a-55403694|website=dw.com|publisher=DW News}}</ref> Azerbaijani authorities reported attacks on Beylagan on 4 October, killing two civilians and injuring 2 others,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Two civilians killed in Armenian forces’ shelling, Azerbaijan says|url=https://tass.com/world/1208343|access-date=2020-11-19|website=TASS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Safi|first=Michael|last2=agencies|date=2020-10-05|title=Azerbaijan and Armenia accuse each other of shelling cities|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/05/azerbaijan-and-armenia-accuse-each-other-of-shelling-cities|access-date=2020-11-19|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> [[Hadrut]] on 10 October, seriously injuring a medical worker,<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-11|title=Shelling of civilians by Armenian armed forces after humanitarian ceasefire agreement - another clear example of barbarism, Azerbaijani MFA says|url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/karabakh/3314663.html|access-date=2020-11-12|website=trend.az}}</ref> Tartar on 15 October, targeting a cemetery in the city resulting in three civilian deaths and at least five civilian injuries<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: ‘Three dead’ in attack at Azerbaijan cemetery|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/15/nagorno-karabakh-three-dead-in-attack-at-azerbaijan-cemetery|access-date=2020-11-19|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref> and [[Fuzuli District|Fuzuli]] on 20 October, resulting in one civilian death and six injuries.<ref>{{cite web|date=30 September 2020|title=Armenian side continues to shell Fuzuli, Tartar districts|url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/karabakh/3308468.html|access-date=23 October 2020|agency=Trend News Agency}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=9 October 2020|title=Prosecutor General's Office: Three civilians injured as a result of enemy's shelling of Garabagh village, Fuzuli district|url=https://azertag.az/en/xeber/Prosecutor_General_039s_Office_Three_civilians_injured_as_a_result_of_enemys_shelling_of_Garabagh_village_Fuzuli_district-1608539|access-date=23 October 2020|agency=Azerbaijan State News Agency}}</ref> By 24 October, there had been more than 80 civilian deaths in areas of Azerbaijan outside of the war zone.<ref>{{cite web|date=24 October 2020|title=Война в Карабахе: хроника событий с 27 сентября по 25 октября|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f942ed3c4548e02bf3cc226%26%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%20%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%20%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%85%20%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85%20%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%85%262020-10-24T13%3A40%3A36.839Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:11a0851d-2d80-47ac-9754-d94447409e3e&pinned_post_asset_id=5f942ed3c4548e02bf3cc226&pinned_post_type=share|website=bbc.com|publisher=BBC Russian Service|language=ru}}</ref>
Between 4 and 17 October, four separate [[2020 Ganja ballistic missile attacks|missile attacks on the city of Ganja]] killed 26 civilians, including a 13-year-old Russian citizen,<ref>{{cite news |title=Russian teenager dies in missile attack on Ganja |url=https://news.ru/en/cis-countries/russian-citizen-dies-in-missile-attack-on-ganja/ |accessdate=17 November 2020 |work=[[NEWSru]] |date=24 October 2020 |language=en}}</ref> and injured 125<ref>{{cite news|title=Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: Major cities hit as heavy fighting continues|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54407436|work=BBC News|date=4 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Azerbaijan's No. 2 city targeted in fighting with Armenia|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/azerbaijans-no-2-city-targeted-fighting-armenia-azerbaijan-armenia-nagornokarabakh-territory-city-b778901.html|publisher=The Independent|date=4 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Jamie|last=Dettmer|url=https://www.voanews.com/south-central-asia/why-azerbaijan-fighting|title=Why is Azerbaijan Fighting?|date=12 October 2020|access-date=15 October 2020|publisher=Voice of America}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first1=Elizabeth|last1=Melimopoulos|first2=Linah|last2=Alsaafin |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/11/seven-dead-by-overnight-armenian-shelling-baku-says-live|title=Nagorno-Karabakh truce frays as both sides allege attacks|date=11 October 2020|access-date=15 October 2020|publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref> with women and children among the victims.<ref name="2attackwounded">{{Cite web|last1=Melimopoulos|first1=Elizabeth|last2=Alsaafin|first2=Linah|date=11 October 2020|title=Nagorno-Karabakh truce frays as both sides allege attacks: Live|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/11/seven-dead-by-overnight-armenian-shelling-baku-says-live|access-date=15 October 2020|publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]|language=en}}</ref> The attacks were condemned by the [[European Union]],<ref>{{cite web|date=17 October 2020|title=Azerbaijan: Statement by the Spokesperson on the strikes on the city of Ganja|url=https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage_en/87141/Azerbaijan:%20Statement%20by%20the%20Spokesperson%20on%20the%20strikes%20on%20the%20city%20of%20Ganja|access-date=20 October 2020 |publisher=European External Action Service}}</ref> and Azerbaijani authorities accused the Armenian Armed Forces of "committing war crimes through the firing of ballistic missiles at civilian settlements", calling the third attack "an act of genocide".<ref name="genocide">{{cite web|date=11 October 2020|title=Armenian policy of vandalism against Azerbaijani civilian population continues – assistant to Azerbaijani president|url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/karabakh/3314618.html|access-date=15 October 2020|agency=Trend News Agency}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Prosecutor-General's-Office-and-MFA-issue-statement-on-crimes-committed-against-civilians-by-Armenians-331515|title=Prosecutor General's Office and MFA issue statement on crimes committed against civilians, by Armenians|website=apa.az|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=8 October 2020|title=Azerbaijani President: Armenia losing the battle commits war crimes against civilians in order to stop us|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Azerbaijani-President:-Armenia-losing-the-battle-commits-war-crimes-against-civilians-in-order-to-stop-us-332429|url-status=live|access-date=8 October 2020|website=apa.az|quote=... violence against civilians, the shelling of settlements and the destruction of peaceful cities with ballistic missiles is considered a war crime.}}</ref> Armenia denied responsibility for the attacks.<ref name="auto32">{{cite web|last1=Sullivan|first1=Rory|last2=Isaac|first2=Lindsay|date=11 October 2020|title=Azerbaijan and Armenia accuse each other of breaking ceasefire|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/10/10/europe/azerbaijan-armenia-ceasefire-intl/index.html|access-date=15 October 2020|publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=4 October 2020|title=Армения заявила, что не ведет обстрел населенных пунктов Азербайджана|url=https://ria.ru/20201004/karabakh-1578171671.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004082433/https://ria.ru/20201004/karabakh-1578171671.html|archive-date=4 October 2020|access-date=4 October 2020|publisher=RIA Novosti|language=ru}}</ref> The Artsakh Defence Army confirmed responsibility for the first attack but denied targeting residential areas, claiming that it had fired at a military airbase.<ref name="artsakh1attack">{{cite web|last=McKernan|first=Bethan|date=5 October 2020|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Azerbaijan accuses Armenia of rocket attack|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/04/nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan-accuses-armenia-of-rocket-attack|access-date=15 October 2020|publisher=The Washington Post}}</ref>
On 25 October, a video emerged online of an Armenian teenager in civilian clothing helping soldiers fire artillery on Azerbaijani positions. Azerbaijan subsequently accused Armenia of using [[Children in the military|child soldiers]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/diplomacy/armenia-uses-child-soldiers-in-occupied-nagorno-karabakh-commits-war-crimes-azerbaijan |title=Armenia uses child soldiers in occupied Nagorno-Karabakh, commits war crimes: Azerbaijan|date=25 October 2020|website=dailysabah.com|publisher=Daily Sabah}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_karabakh/Azerbaijani-MFA-releases-statement-on-Armenias-using-children-as-soldiers-in-the-occupied-territories-334007|title=Azerbaijani MFA releases statement on Armenia's using children as soldiers in the occupied territories|date=27 October 2020|website=apa.az}}</ref> One day later, the Artsakh ombudsman released a statement claiming that the boy in the video was 16, was not directly engaged in military actions and was working with his father.<ref>{{cite tweet|user=ArtsakhOmbuds|number=1320795565664407559|date=26 October 2020|title=About some speculated photos of children}}</ref>
The Artsakh Defence Army [[2020 Barda missile attacks|hit the Azerbaijani town of Barda with missiles]] twice on 27 and 28 October 2020, resulting in the deaths of 26 civilians and injuring over 83, making it the deadliest attack of the conflict.<ref name="NYTimesBarda">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/28/world/europe/azerbaijan-barda-armenia-rockets-karabakh.html|title=In Azerbaijan, a String of Explosions, Screams and Then Blood|author=Carlotta Gall|date=28 October 2020|website=nytimes.com|publisher=The New York Times|quote=In all, 21 people died in downtown Barda in the rocket strike and 70 people were wounded, the government said in the evening, adding that the rockets were fired from a Russian-made Smerch multiple-rocket system and unleashed cluster bomblets. Designed to be used against armies in open spaces, cluster bombs are banned in much of the world because of their danger to civilians in residential areas.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/azerbaijan-says-19-killed-60-wounded-in-armenia-missile-attack-on-its-barda-district/articleshow/78912279.cms?from=mdr|title=Azerbaijan says 19 killed, 60 wounded in Armenia missile attack on its Barda district|date=28 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020|work=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-28|title=Civilian death toll in Armenian attacks reaches 91|url=https://www.azernews.az/aggression/171582.html|access-date=2020-10-29|website=azernews.az}}</ref> The casualties included a 39-year-old [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|Red Crescent]] volunteer, while two other volunteers were injured.<ref>{{cite web|date=28 October 2020|title=Civilians Reported Killed As Conflict Between Armenia, Azerbaijan Spills Into Urban Areas |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/armenia-azerbaijan-urged-to-seek-lasting-cease-fire-as-diplomatic-efforts-continue/30916763.html|archive-url=https://archive.is/KKR1d|archive-date=29 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020|publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty}}</ref> Civilian infrastructure and vehicles were extensively damaged.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 October 2020|title=Missile attack on Azerbaijani city of Barda: 21 dead, dozens wounded|url=https://jam-news.net/barda-28-october-21-dead-azerbaijan-nagorno-karabakh-armenia-news-photo-video/|access-date=29 October 2020|work=JAM News|language=en}}</ref> Armenia denied responsibility,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-karabakh/azerbaijan-says-14-people-killed-by-shelling-in-barda-ria-idUSKBN27D1IR|title=Azerbaijan says 14 people killed by shelling in Barda: RIA|date=28 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020 |agency=Reuters}}</ref> but [[Amnesty International]] and [[Human Rights Watch]] stated that Armenia had fired, or intentionally supplied Artsakh with, the [[cluster munitions]] and [[BM-30 Smerch|Smerch rockets]] used in the attack.<ref name="amnestybarda">{{cite web|date=29 October 2020 |title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: First confirmed use of cluster munitions by Armenia "cruel and reckless"|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/10/armenia-azerbaijan-first-confirmed-use-of-cluster-munitions-by-armenia-cruel-and-reckless/|access-date=29 October 2020|publisher=Amnesty International}}</ref><ref name="nkrforces">{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/10/30/armenia-cluster-munitions-kill-civilians-azerbaijan|title=Armenia: Cluster Munitions Kill Civilians in Azerbaijan|date=30 October 2020}}</ref> Artsakh acknowledged responsibility, but said it was targeting military facilities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54686682?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f99b27045324002c52d805f%26%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81-%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%20%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%20%D0%9D%D0%9A%D0%A0%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82%20%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85%20%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%20%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D0%BE%D1%82%20%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%262020-10-28T18%3A03%3A29.579Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:33b55dff-0d65-4d37-8141-94e37dd45df1&pinned_post_asset_id=5f99b27045324002c52d805f&pinned_post_type=share |title=Пресс-секретарь лидера НКР призывает мирных азербайджанцев бежать от военных объектов|date=28 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020|language=ru|publisher=BBC Russian Service}}</ref> Marie Struthers, Amnesty International's Regional Director for Eastern Europe and Central Asia, said that the "firing of cluster munitions into civilian areas is cruel and reckless, and causes untold death, injury and misery".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/10/armenia-azerbaijan-first-confirmed-use-of-cluster-munitions-by-armenia-cruel-and-reckless/|title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: First confirmed use of cluster munitions by Armenia "cruel and reckless"|date=29 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020|publisher=Amnesty International}}</ref> The [[Commissioner for Human Rights of the Republic of Azerbaijan|Azerbaijani ombudsman]] called the attack a "terrorist act against civilians".<ref name="apa">{{cite web|url=https://apa.az/en/frontline-news/General-Prosecutors-Office-Death-toll-from-Armenias-missile-attack-on-Azerbaijans-Barda-rises-to-19-nearly-60-people-injured-colorredUPDATED-1color-334119|title=General Prosecutor's Office: Death toll from Armenia's missile attack on Azerbaijan's Barda rises to 21, about 70 people wounded – Updated – 2|publisher=Azeri Press Agency|date=28 October 2020|access-date=28 October 2020}}</ref> The use of cluster munitions was also reported by ''The New York Times''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/28/world/europe/azerbaijan-barda-armenia-rockets-karabakh.html|title=In Azerbaijan, a String of Explosions, Screams and Then Blood|author=Carlotta Gall|date=28 October 2020 |website=nytimes.com|publisher=The New York Times|quote=In the morning, we had visited Garayusifli, a sleepy farming village just outside Barda, where people were burying victims of another rocket attack. Four people died, including a 7-year-old girl, and more than a dozen were wounded. Children had been playing on their bikes, and their parents sitting in the shade of their gardens, when the missile exploded, scattering cluster bomblets over the houses of several neighbors.}}</ref>
=== Azerbaijani ===
[[File:InShot 20201020 202248937.webm|thumb|Camera footage of Azerbaijan's use of cluster munition on Stepanakert during a shelling on 4 October 2020.]]
On 4 October 2020, the Armenian government stated Azerbaijan had deployed [[cluster munitions]] against residential targets in [[Stepanakert]]; an Amnesty International investigator condemned this.<ref>"[https://news.yahoo.com/armenia-says-azerbaijan-targeting-residential-113011026.html Armenia Says Azerbaijan Targeting Residential Areas With Missiles and Cluster Bombs]" Yahoo News 5 October 2020</ref> In an Amnesty International report, the cluster bombs were identified as "Israeli-made M095 DPICM cluster munitions that appear to have been fired by Azerbaijani forces".<ref>{{cite news|title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: Civilians must be protected from use of banned cluster bombs|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/10/armenia-azerbaijan-civilians-must-be-protected-from-use-of-banned-cluster-bombs/|agency=Amnesty International|date=5 October 2020}}</ref> The next day, Armenian Minister of Foreign Affairs [[Zohrab Mnatsakanyan]] stated to [[Fox News]] that the targeting of civilian populations in Nagorno-Karabakh by Azerbaijani forces was tantamount to [[war crime]]s and called for an end to the "aggression".<ref>{{cite web|last=Yingst|first=Trey|date=2020-10-05|title=Azerbaijan committing "war crimes" in disputed region, top Armenian diplomat tells Fox News|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/armenia-azerbaijan-war-crimes-claims-foreign-minister|access-date=2020-10-06|website=Fox News}}</ref> In November 2020, Aliyev denied using cluster munitions against civilian areas in Stepanakert on the 1, 2, and 3 October 2020 in an interview with ''BBC News'' journalist Orla Guerin, describing as "fake news" the statements of other BBC reporters who witnessed the attacks and described them as "indiscriminate shelling of a town without clear military targets".<ref>{{cite news|date=2020-11-09|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: President Ilham Aliyev speaks to the BBC|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-europe-54865589|url-status=live|access-date=2020-11-10}}</ref>
During an on-site investigation in Nagorno-Karabakh in October 2020, [[Human Rights Watch]] documented four incidents in which Azerbaijan used Israeli-made cluster munitions against civilian areas of Nagorno-Karabakh. The HRW investigation team stated that they did not find any sort of military sites in the residential neighborhoods where the cluster munitions were used and condemned its use against civilian-populated areas. Stephen Goose, arms division director at Human Rights Watch and chair of the Cluster Munition Coalition, stated that "the continued use of cluster munitions – particularly in populated areas – shows flagrant disregard for the safety of civilians". He then added that "the repeated use of cluster munitions by Azerbaijan should cease immediately as their continued use serves to heighten the danger for civilians for years to come". The HRW investigation team also noted that numerous civilian buildings and infrastructure were heavily damaged due to shelling.<ref name="hrw123">{{cite web|date=23 October 2020 |title=Azerbaijan: Cluster Munitions Used in Nagorno-Karabakh|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/10/23/azerbaijan-cluster-munitions-used-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=23 October 2020|publisher=Human Rights Watch}}</ref> French newspaper ''[[L'Obs]]'' also reported Azerbaijan using [[White phosphorus munitions|white phosphorus]] during the war, reportedly confirmed by a French doctor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nouvelobs.com/monde/20201113.OBS36046/au-karabakh-des-crimes-de-guerre-au-phosphore.html?fbclid=IwAR0yZn5CZk4XOPQut58u2b-QQxlU8aJ56VvQkXz4jDLS8-joMRBixZ2liu8|title=Au Karabakh, des crimes de guerre au phosphore|date=2020-11-13|website=nouvelobs.com|publisher=[[L'Obs]]|author=Sara Daniel|lang=fr}}</ref>
On 15 October 2020, a video surfaced of two captured Armenians being executed by Azerbaijani soldiers;<ref name="bellingcat">{{cite web|title=An Execution in Hadrut|url=https://www.bellingcat.com/news/rest-of-world/2020/10/15/an-execution-in-hadrut-karabakh/|access-date=2020-10-16|website=Bellingcat}}</ref> Artsakh authorities identified one as a civilian.<ref>{{cite web|title=Azeri troops shoot Armenian war prisoners dead|url=https://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/286591/|access-date=2020-10-15|publisher=Panarmenian}}</ref> ''[[Bellingcat]]'' analysed the videos and concluded that the footage was real and that both executed were Armenian combatants captured by Azerbaijani forces between 9 and 15 October 2020 and later executed.<ref name="bellingcat"/> The [[BBC]] also investigated the videos and confirmed that the videos were from Hadrut and were filmed some time between 9–15 October 2020. A probe has been launched by Armenia's human rights defender, Arman Tatoyan, who shared the videos with [[European Court of Human Rights]] and who will also show the videos to the [[United Nations Human Rights Council|UN human rights commissioner]], the [[Council of Europe]] and other international organizations.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: 'Execution' video prompts war crime probe|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54645254|work=BBC News|date=24 October 2020}}</ref> The U.N. human rights chief, [[Michelle Bachelet]], stated that "in-depth investigations by media organisations into videos that appeared to show Azerbaijani troops summarily executing two captured Armenians in military uniforms uncovered compelling and deeply disturbing information".<ref>{{cite news|title=Possible war crimes committed in Nagorno-Karabakh, U.N. rights boss says|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-un-rights-idUSKBN27I238 |agency=Reuters|date=2 November 2020}}</ref>
== Official statements ==
The [[Embassy of Armenia, Washington, D.C.|Armenian ambassador to the United States]] [[Varuzhan Nersesyan]] has invited [[United States]] intervention in the conflict, as has his [[Embassy of Azerbaijan, Washington, D.C.|Azerbaijani counterpart]] [[Elin Suleymanov]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Exclusive: Armenia, Azerbaijan Speak Out, Here's What They Want from U.S.|url=https://www.newsweek.com/exclusive-armenia-azerbaijan-speak-out-want-us-1535699|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002013430/https://www.newsweek.com/exclusive-armenia-azerbaijan-speak-out-want-us-1535699|archive-date=2 October 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|website=newsweek.com|publisher=Newsweek}}</ref>
=== Armenia and Artsakh ===
[[File:NA moment silence.jpg|thumb|right|President of the National Assembly [[Ararat Mirzoyan]] (second from left) leads a moment of silence honoring Armenian soldiers and civilians who perished during the war.]]
On 27 September 2020, the [[Prime Minister of Armenia]], [[Nikol Pashinyan]], accused the Azerbaijani authorities of a large-scale provocation. The Prime Minister stated that the "recent aggressive statements of the Azerbaijani leadership, large-scale joint military exercises with Turkey, as well as the rejection of OSCE proposals for monitoring" indicated that the aggression was pre-planned and constituted a major violation of regional peace and security.<ref name="Pashinyan">{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/rus/news/1028969.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=98f50d3be7467be095f17b6579e9d7b5127d6229-1601273684-0-AV9Aq1xDiwWlWRcSm6_QNHFtPWl-1uy_12Mp1-D0QEdVBlulmTOWF6iUl0PRCA5eWHGJZNB9c8A8DWhMdgmkcE2nhhhAMZoTQgTjPIrSI5m3Dk5Ljw28Fwyrqfel7ZwrN7ZmevRVMNm_HmziN1HTKhwryYXhcZsP2CTqei4WfHFSOrdVvjbqm2FxC3mv2pt49tCMStF53flYq4GwdJq1ESf-xzVQZzRM6ndJSQPvkh9Gbz_spC9aM3-UIOghoCEjtMyqrrb8Mc5uA5M_d75HQHfgCnDvoKZpRxNq57MjQItE|title=Агрессия со стороны Азербайджана была спланирована заранее: Пашинян|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|date=27 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020|language=ru}}</ref> The next day, Armenia's [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Armenia)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] (MoFA) issued a statement, noting that the "people of Artsakh were at war with the [[Azerbaijan–Turkey relations|Turkish–Azerbaijani alliance]]".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://armenpress.am/rus/news/1029219.html|title=Народ Арцаха воюет с турецко-азербайджанским альянсом: МИД Республики Армения|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|language=ru|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref>
The same day, the Armenian ambassador to Russia, Vardan Toganyan, did not rule out that Armenia may turn to [[Russia]] for fresh arms supplies.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://armenpress.am/rus/news/1029218.html |title=Вардан Тоганян не исключил, что Армения может обратиться к РФ для новых поставок оружия|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|language=ru|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> On 29 September 2020, Prime Minister Pashinyan stated that Azerbaijan, with military support from Turkey, was expanding the theater into Armenian territory.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029486.html|title=Azerbaijan expanding geography of hostilities with active support of Turkey – PM Pashinyan|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> On 30 September 2020, Pashinyan stated that Armenia was considering officially recognizing the Republic of Artsakh as an independent territory.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029566.html|title=Armenia considers officially recognizing independence of Nagorno Karabakh, Pashinyan says|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|date=30 September 2020 |access-date=30 September 2020}}</ref> The same day, the Armenian MoFA stated that the Turkish Air Force had carried out provocative flights along the front between the forces of the Republic of Artsakh and Azerbaijan, including providing air support to the Azerbaijani army.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mfa.am/hy/interviews-articles-and-comments/2020/09/30/MFA_Turkey_Statement/10476?fbclid=IwAR0ylwyRWXr1pLEQ8chg70Xf0Mkx58sLdUwKwhdkm6I5kcGr1b15I4Mo63E|title=ՀՀ ԱԳՆ հայտարարությունը Թուրքիայի ԶՈՒ ներգրավվածության վերաբերյալ|publisher=MFA|date=30 September 2020|language=hy}}</ref>
On 1 October 2020, the President of Artsakh, [[Arayik Harutyunyan]], stated that Armenians needed to prepare for a long-term war.<ref>{{cite web|title=Putin, Macron call for Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire as deaths mount|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/1/putin-macron-call-for-nagorno-karabakh-ceasefire-as-deaths-mount?scrlybrkr=a02a50bf|website=aljezzera.com|publisher=Aljazzera|access-date=1 October 2020}}</ref> Two days later, the Nagorno-Karabakh (Artsakh) Foreign Ministry called on the international community to recognize the [[Political status of Nagorno-Karabakh|independence]] of the Republic of Artsakh in order to restore regional peace and security.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/285974/|title=Karabakh urges international community to recognize its independence|publisher=PanArmenian |quote=Nagorno-Karabakh (Artsakh) Foreign Ministry on Saturday, October 3 called on the international community to recognize the independence of Artsakh.}}</ref>
On 6 October 2020, the Armenian prime minister, Nikol Pashinyan, stated that the Armenian side was prepared to make concessions, if Azerbaijan was ready to reciprocate.<ref>{{cite web|title=Пашинян: Ереван готов к уступкам в карабахском конфликте, если к этому же готовы в Баку|url=https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/9645263|access-date=2020-10-29|agency=ТАСС}}</ref>
On 9 October 2020, Armen Sarkissian demanded that international powers, particularly, the United States, Russia and [[NATO]], do more to stop Turkey's involvement in the war and warned that [[Ankara]] is creating "another Syria in the Caucasus".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hetq.am/en/article/122861|title="Turkey creating "another Syria in Caucasus", Armenian President Tells Financial Times |date=2020-10-09|website=hetq.am|publisher=Hetq}}</ref>
On 21 October 2020, Nikol Pashinyan stated that "it is impossible to talk about a diplomatic solution at this stage, at least at this stage", since the compromise option is not acceptable for Azerbaijan, while the Armenian side stated many times that it is ready to resolve the issue through compromises. Pashinyan said that "to fight for the rights of our people means, first of all, to take up arms and commit to the protection of the rights of the homeland".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/21/pm-there-is-no-diplomatic-solution-to-karabakh-issue-at-least-not-in-this-stage/|title=There is no diplomatic solution to Karabakh issue, at least not in this stage|date=2020-10-21|website=armradio.am|publisher=Public Radio of Armenia}}</ref>
On 12 November 2020, Pashinyan addressed his nation, saying that "Armenia and the Armenian people are living extremely difficult days. There is sorrow in the hearts of all of us, tears in the eyes of all of us, pain in the souls of all of us". The prime minister pointed out that the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Armenia reported that the war "must be stopped immediately". And the President of Artsakh warned that if the hostilities do not stop, Stepanakert could be lost in days. Pashinyan also stated that the Karabakh issue was not resolved and is not resolved and that the international recognition of the Artsakh Republic is becoming an absolute priority.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hetq.am/en/article/124228|title=Pashinyan to Nation: “Karabakh Issue Has Not Been Resolved”|date=2020-11-12|website=hetq.am|publisher=[[Hetq]]|}}</ref>
=== Azerbaijan ===
[[File:Ilham Aliyev chaired a Security Council meeting (cropped).png|thumb|right|Meeting of the [[President of Azerbaijan|Azerbaijani President]] [[Ilham Aliyev]] with the country's Security Council on 27 September 2020]]
The day before the conflict, on 26 September 2020, according to the [[Ministry of Defence (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijani Ministry of Defence]], the Armenian military violated the ceasefire 48 times along the line of contact. Azerbaijan stated that the Armenian side attacked first, prompting an Azerbaijani counter-offensive.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mod.gov.az/en/frontline-news-557/|title=26 September 2020 09:40 |publisher=Defence Ministry of Azerbaijan|date=26 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref>
On 27 September 2020, Azerbaijan accused Armenian forces of a "willful and deliberate" attack on the front line<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gulf-times.com/story/673912/Heavy-fighting-erupts-in-Nagorny-Karabakh|title=Heavy fighting erupts in Nagorny Karabak|date=27 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020|publisher=Gulf Times}}</ref> and of targeting civilian areas, alleging a "gross violation of [[international humanitarian law]]".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://azertag.az/en/xeber/Hikmat_Hajiyev_Armenia_039s_deliberate_targeting_of_residential_areas_and_the_civilians_is_a_gross_violation_of_international_humanitarian_law-1596165|title=Hikmat Hajiyev: Armenia's deliberate targeting of residential areas and the civilians is a gross violation of international humanitarian law|website=azertag.az|publisher=Azerbaijan State News Agency|date=27 September 2020 |access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> On 28 September 2020, it stated that Armenia's actions had destroyed the peace negotiations through an act of aggression,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://report.az/dagliq-qarabag-munaqishesi/hikmet-haciyev-ordumuz-azerbaycan-erazisinin-tehlukesizliyini-temin-edir/|title=Hikmət Hacıyev: "Ordumuz Azərbaycan ərazisinin təhlükəsizliyini təmin edir"|website=report.az|publisher=Report Information Agency|language=az|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> alleged that a war had been launched against Azerbaijan, mobilized the people of Azerbaijan, and declared a [[Great Patriotic War (term)|Great Patriotic War]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://report.az/dagliq-qarabag-munaqishesi/prezidentin-komekcisi-azerbaycana-qarsi-muharibe-baslayib/|title=Prezidentin köməkçisi: "Bu, Azərbaycan xalqının Böyük Vətən Müharibəsidir"|website=report.az|publisher=Report Information Agency|language=az|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> It then stated that the deployment of the Armenian military in Nagorno-Karabakh constituted a threat to regional peace and accused Armenia of propagandising, adding that the Azerbaijani military was operating according to international law.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Hikmat-Hajiyev:-%22Armenia-prepares-very-false-and-needless-information%22-331408|title=Hikmat Hajiyev: "Armenia prepares very false and needless information" |website=apa.az|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> The Azerbaijani authorities issued a statement accusing the Armenian military of purposefully targeting civilians, including women and children.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/az/sosial_xeberler/Dovlt-Komitsi-Ermnistan-silahli-quvvlrinin-qadin-v-usaqlari-qtl-yetirmsin-dair-byanat-yayib-607424|title=Dövlət Komitəsi Ermənistan silahlı qüvvələrinin qadın və uşaqları qətlə yetirməsinə dair bəyanat yayıb|website=apa.az|language=az|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> The Azerbaijani Minister of Foreign Affairs (MoFA) denied any reports of Turkish involvement, while admitting military-technical cooperation with Turkey and other countries.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://regnum.ru/news/polit/3075510.html|title=Азербайджан ответил на обвинения Армении в привлечении наёмников|website=regnum.ru|publisher=REGNUM News Agency|language=ru|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref>
On 29 September 2020, the President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, spoke about Azerbaijan's [[territorial integrity]]. Aliyev stated that Armenian control of the area and aggression had led to the destruction of infrastructure and mosques, caused the [[Khojaly massacre]], and resulted in [[cultural genocide]], insulting the [[Muslim world]] and being tantamount to state-backed [[Islamophobia]] and [[anti-Azerbaijani sentiment]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://azertag.az/xeber/Prezident_Ilham_Aliyev_Islamofobiya_ve_Azerbaycanofobiya_siyaseti_artiq_Ermenistanin_resmi_ideologiyasina_chevrilib-1598429|title=Prezident İlham Əliyev: İslamofobiya və Azərbaycanofobiya siyasəti artıq Ermənistanın rəsmi ideologiyasına çevrilib|website=azertag.az|publisher=Azerbaijan State News Agency|language=az|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> The Azerbaijani MoFA demanded that Armenia stop shelling civilians and called on international organizations to ensure Armenia followed international law.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/MFA:-We-demand-from-Armenia-to-stop-shelling-civilians-331517|title=MFA: We demand from Armenia to stop shelling civilians|website=apa.az|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> The Azerbaijani Ambassador to Russia denied reports of mercenaries brought in from Turkey by Azerbaijan,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://ria.ru/20200929/naemniki-1577940972.html |title=Посол Азербайджана опроверг данные о привлечении Баку турецких наемников|website=ria.ru|agency=RIA Novosti|language=ru|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> and the [[Vice President of Azerbaijan|First Vice-President of the Republic of Azerbaijan]], [[Mehriban Aliyeva]], stated that Azerbaijan had never laid claim to others' territory nor committed crimes against humanity.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Mehriban-Aliyeva:-%22May-the-Almighty-grant-every-Azerbaijani-the-chance-to-kiss-the-sacred-Karabakh-soil!%22-331594|title=Mehriban Aliyeva: "May the Almighty grant every Azerbaijani the chance to kiss the sacred Karabakh soil!"|website=apa.az|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref>
On 3 October 2020, Aliyev stated that Armenia needed to leave Azerbaijan's territory (in Nagorno-Karabakh) for the war to stop.<ref>{{cite web|last=Istanbul|first=Aren Melikyan in Yerevan and Arzu Geybullaeva in|title=President of Azerbaijan tells Armenia to 'leave our territory, and then, the war will stop'|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/03/asia/azerbaijan-armenia-president-intl/index.html|access-date=2020-10-04 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> The next day, Aliyev issued an official statement that Azerbaijan was "writing a new history", describing Karabakh as an ancient Azerbaijani territory and longstanding home to Azerbaijanis, and noting that Armenians had occupied Azerbaijan's territory, destroying its religious and cultural heritage, for three decades. He added that Azerbaijan would restore its cities and destroyed mosques and accused Armenia of distorting history.<ref>{{cite news|date=4 October 2020|title=President Ilham Aliyev: Today we are writing a new history of our people and state, a glorious history |website=apa.az|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/President-Ilham-Aliyev:-Today-we-are-writing-a-new-history-of-our-people-and-state-a-glorious-history-332072|url-status=live|access-date=4 October 2020 |quote=As you know, Azerbaijan has been fighting to restore its territorial integrity for a week now. On the battlefield, our soldiers and officers show heroism, inflict crushing blows on the enemy, put the enemy in its place, drive the enemy out of our lands at the cost of their lives... We are restoring historical justice today because the land of Karabakh is our ancient historical land. The people of Azerbaijan have lived, created and built in these lands for centuries. But for many years, for almost 30 years, Armenian executioners have occupied our lands, destroyed all our historical, religious and cultural sites. We will restore all our cities. We will restore all our mosques destroyed by the Armenians. Life will return to these places. We have put an end to the attempts of Armenians to change our historical names and falsify history, to erase the historical and cultural heritage of the Azerbaijani people. The historical names of our settlements are being restored and they will be restored.}}</ref>
Two days later, Aliyev's aide, Hikmat Hajiyev, claimed that Armenia had deployed cluster munitions against cities,<ref>{{cite news|title=Ermenistan cepheden kaçıyor sivilleri vuruyor|language=tr|work=Dünya Bülteni|url=https://www.dunyabulteni.net/ortadogu/ermenistan-cepheden-kaciyor-sivilleri-vuruyor-h479865.html}}</ref> however this has not been verified by other sources. On 7 October 2020, Azerbaijan officially notified members of the World Conference on Constitutional Justice, the Conference of European Constitutional Courts, the Association of Asian Constitutional Courts and similar organizations that it had launched the operation in line with international law to re-establish its internationally recognized territorial integrity and for the safety of its people.<ref>{{cite web|date=7 October 2020|title=Azerbaijan sends notice to world courts on military ops|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/azerbaijan-front-line/azerbaijan-sends-notice-to-world-courts-on-military-ops/1998840|access-date=18 October 2020|publisher=Anadolu Agency}}</ref> He also accused Armenia of [[Discrimination|ethnic discrimination]] on account of the historical expulsion or self-exile of ethnic minority communities, highlighting its [[Demographics of Armenia|mono-ethnic population]].<ref>{{cite web|date=8 October 2020|title=President Ilham Aliyev: "Armenia is a racist country, representatives of no other nationality can live there" |url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/President-Ilham-Aliyev:-%22Armenia-is-a-racist-country-representatives-of-no-other-nationality-can-live-there%22-332434|url-status=live|access-date=8 October 2020 |website=apa.az|quote=There are representatives of many nationalities living in Azerbaijan. They live like one family. Azerbaijan is known as a multicultural country worldwide. This is acknowledged by the United Nations, as well as other international organizations operating in the humanitarian field. Azerbaijan is the land of tolerance, ethnic and religious tolerance. Thousands of Armenians live in our country today and they are our citizens. They also live normally, like all other nationalities. Of course, I am sure that after the end of this war and conflict, the Armenians living in Nagorno-Karabakh today will live with us. Azerbaijan is a multinational country. This has been the case throughout history. I think this is our great advantage.}}</ref>
On 10 October 2020, Azerbaijani Foreign Minister [[Jeyhun Bayramov]] stated that the truce signed on the same day was temporary.<ref>{{cite news|author=Reuters Staff|date=2020-10-10|title=Azeri foreign minister says Nagorno-Karabakh truce is temporary|agency=Reuters|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-armenia-azerbaijan-foreignminister-idUKKBN26V0JK|access-date=2020-10-10}}</ref> Despite this, Aliyev stated that both parties were now attempting to determine a political resolution to the conflict.<ref name=":3">{{cite news|last=Hovhannisyan|first=Nailia Bagirova, Nvard|date=2020-10-10|title=Armenia and Azerbaijan accuse each other of violating Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire|agency=Reuters|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-armenia-azerbaijan-diplomacy-idUKKBN26V007|access-date=2020-10-10}}</ref> The next day, Azerbaijani authorities stated that Armenia was conducting an act of genocide, emphasizing the Khojaly massacre.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apa.az/en/foreign-news/Hikmat-Hajiyev:-%22It-is-an-act-of-genocide-against-Azerbaijani-people%22-332639|title=Hikmat Hajiyev: "It is an act of genocide against Azerbaijani people"|website=apa.az|date=11 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|quote=Policy of vandalism and barbarism of Armenia against Azerbaijani civilian population continues. It is an act of genocide against Azerbaijani people we have witnessed since Khojaly genocide.}}</ref>
On 21 October 2020, Aliyev, stated that Azerbaijan did not ruled out the introduction international observers and peacekeepers in Nagorno-Karabakh, but will put forward some conditions when the time comes.<ref name="aljazeerapeacekeeper">{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/22/azeri-president-says-armenians-can-have-cultural-autonomy|title=Azeri president says Armenians can have "cultural autonomy"|date=22 October 2020|access-date=22 October 2020|agency=Al Jazeera}}</ref> He then added that Azerbaijan did not agree for a referendum in Nagorno-Karabakh,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ria.ru/20201022/karabakh-1580992201.html|title=Алиев исключил возможность проведения референдума в Карабахе|date=22 October 2020|access-date=22 October 2020|language=ru|publisher=RIA Novosti}}</ref> but didn't exclude the cultural autonomy of Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh,<ref name="aljazeerapeacekeeper"/> and reaffirmed that the Azerbaijan considers Armenians living in Nagorno-Karabakh as their citizens, promising security and rights.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20201022/armyane-1581006912.html|title=Права армян в Карабахе будут полностью соблюдены, заявил Алиев|date=22 October 2020|access-date=22 October 2020|language=ru|publisher=RIA Novosti}}</ref>
On 26 October 2020, Aliyev, stated that the Azerbaijani government will inspect and record the destruction by Armenian forces in Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh during the [[Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54686682?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f96ffdd67645202b6c4c36e%26%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%20%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%20%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5%20%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8%262020-10-26T16%3A57%3A03.151Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:685e43b5-6cb6-46d3-b1e3-d06cb7246c89&pinned_post_asset_id=5f96ffdd67645202b6c4c36e&pinned_post_type=share|title=Алиев грозит Армении счетом за разоренные земли|date=26 October 2020|access-date=26 October 2020|language=ru|publisher=BBC Russian Service}}</ref>
== Allegations of third-party involvement ==
Because of the geography, history, and sensitivities of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, accusations, allegations, and statements have been made of involvement by third-party and international actors, including in media reports and by the [[Syrian Observatory for Human Rights]] (SOHR). Evidence of the presence of Syrian fighters in Azerbaijan is increasing.<ref name="bbc_061020">{{cite news|title=Война в Карабахе: сотни раненых и погибшие по обе стороны фронта|trans-title=Karabakh war: Hundreds wounded and killed on both sides of the front|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944|publisher=BBC|access-date=6 October 2020|language=ru|quote=Some results of Saturday|archive-date=6 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006141402/https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[OHCHR]] stated that there were reports about mercenaries on both sides, and called for their withdrawal from Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref name="ohchr">{{cite news |title=OHCHR {{!}} Mercenaries in and around the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict zone must be withdrawn – UN experts |url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=26494&LangID=E |accessdate=13 November 2020 |work=www.ohchr.org}}</ref>
=== Turkey and Syrian National Army ===
{{See also|Azerbaijan–Turkey relations}}
[[File:Arayik Harutyunyan awarding a volunteer on November 2 2020.jpg|thumb|Artsakh's president [[Arayik Harutyunyan]] awarding an Armenian volunteer for allegedly capturing a Syrian mercenary on 2 November 2020.<ref>{{cite web|title=Artsakh President awarded members of the volunteer unit who captured a Syrian mercenary in the Karabakh conflict zone|url=https://www.panorama.am/en/news/2020/11/02/Artsakh-President/2392969#.X6EFuXFK-e8.link|publisher=Panorama|date=2 November 2020|access-date=3 November 2020}}</ref>]]
[[File:Recep Tayyip Erdogan 2020 visit to Baku with Ilham Aliyev 25.jpg|thumb|[[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan|Recep Tayyip Erdogan]] with [[Ilham Aliyev]] on a 2020 visit to Baku.]]
Prior to the beginning of the conflict, Turkey's upped rhetoric against Armenia, as well as its recruitment of several hundred Syrian refugees had been reported the previous week by Syrian commentators, activists and others on social media, circulated among Syrian refugees, dissidents and others who monitor Syria.<ref>{{cite web|last=FRANTZMAN|first=SETH J.|date=2020-09-26|title=Is Turkey planning to recruit Syrians to fight Armenia? – The Jerusalem Post|url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/is-turkey-planning-to-recruit-syrians-to-fight-armenia-643628|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018234150/https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/is-turkey-planning-to-recruit-syrians-to-fight-armenia-643628|archive-date=2020-10-18|access-date=2020-10-18|newspaper=The Jerusalem Post|quote=Turkey has upped its rhetoric against Armenia in recent days, threatening the country and claiming Armenia is "playing with fire" and alleging Armenia has recruited "terrorists". [...] Several hundred Syrian refugees have been recruited by Turkey to fight against Armenia in the disputed Karabagh region, according to claims by Syrian commentators, activists and other reports. The claims were posted on social media this week and circulated among Syrian refugees, dissidents and others who monitor Syria.}}</ref> Detailed reporting on the evidence of Syrian fighters in Azerbaijan exists, as well as apparent Turkish military involvement, causing international concern. Two days into the conflict, several Syrian National Army (SNA) members and the SOHR<ref name="SOHR1">{{cite news |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/186036/|title=Syrian rebel fighters prepare to deploy to Azerbaijan in sign of Turkey's ambition|publisher=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights|date=28 September 2020|access-date=4 October 2020|archive-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002050822/https://www.syriahr.com/en/186036/|url-status=live}}</ref> alleged that a private Turkish security company was recruiting Syrians to fight in Artsakh;<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/28/syrian-rebel-fighters-prepare-to-deploy-to-azerbaijan-in-sign-of-turkeys-ambition|title=Syrian rebel fighters prepare to deploy to Azerbaijan in sign of Turkey's ambition|first=Bethan|last=McKernan|newspaper=The Guardian|date=28 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020|archive-date=28 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928212602/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/28/syrian-rebel-fighters-prepare-to-deploy-to-azerbaijan-in-sign-of-turkeys-ambition|url-status=live}}</ref> Azerbaijan <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20200929-azerbaijan-denies-turkey-sent-syria-fighters-to-support-it/|title=Azerbaijan denies Turkey sent Syria fighters to support it |website=middleeastmonitor.com|publisher=Middle East Monitor|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020|archive-date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929123407/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20200929-azerbaijan-denies-turkey-sent-syria-fighters-to-support-it/|url-status=live}}</ref> and Turkey issued denials. ''[[France24]]'', ''[[The Independent]]'' and ''[[The Guardian]]'' have reported evidence of Syrian mercenaries recruited in Syria by Turkey to fight alongside the Azerbaijani servicemen in Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://observers.france24.com/fr/20201020-videos-document-presence-mercenaires-syriens-conflit-haut-karabakh|title=Des vidéos documentent la présence de mercenaires syriens dans le conflit du Haut-Karabakh|publisher=France24|date=20 October 2020|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/armenia-azerbaijan-syria-war-fighting-mercenary-russia-b912446.html?fbclid=IwAR0Y231bnsLeiCKcayZYrZSoKDl4quZbpZGGWDDzPU2Z2OHr80trg6IqfIk|title=We don't even know where Azerbaijan is: The Syrian mercenaries driven by poverty to die in a distant war|publisher=The Independent|date=9 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=McKernan|first=Bethan|date=2020-09-28|title=Syrian rebel fighters prepare to deploy to Azerbaijan in sign of Turkey's ambition|publisher=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/28/syrian-rebel-fighters-prepare-to-deploy-to-azerbaijan-in-sign-of-turkeys-ambition|access-date=2020-10-26|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=McKernan |first=Bethan|date=2020-10-02|title=Syrian recruit describes role of foreign fighters in Nagorno-Karabakh|publisher=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/02/syrian-recruit-describes-role-of-foreign-fighters-in-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=2020-10-26|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> A report in ''[[The Times]]'' partially confirmed Turkish involvement in sending 200 Syrian fighters to support Azerbaijani forces;<ref>{{cite news|last=Beirut|first=Hannah Lucinda Smith, Istanbul {{!}} Marc Bennetts, Moscow {{!}} Richard Spencer|date=29 September 2020|title=Nagorno-Karabakh clashes: Turkey sends Syrian mercenaries into combat against Armenians|publisher=The Times|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/nagorno-karabakh-clashes-turkey-sends-syrian-mercenaries-into-combat-against-armenians-wz6cqjc57|url-status=live|access-date=30 September 2020|issn=0140-0460|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930002607/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/nagorno-karabakh-clashes-turkey-sends-syrian-mercenaries-into-combat-against-armenians-wz6cqjc57}}</ref> a Turkish-based source reported that these were acting independently of the SNA.<ref name="guard"/>
[[Emmanuel Macron]] accused Turkey of dispatching Syrian "[[jihadism|jihadists]]" to Nagorno-Karabakh via [[Gaziantep]]<ref name="Macron">{{cite web|date=1 October 2020|title=France accuses Turkey of sending Syrian jihadists to Nagorno-Karabakh|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-putin-macron/france-accuses-turkey-of-sending-syrian-mercenaries-to-nagorno-karabakh-idUSKBN26L3SB|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004084924/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-putin-macron/france-accuses-turkey-of-sending-syrian-mercenaries-to-nagorno-karabakh-idUSKBN26L3SB |archive-date=4 October 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|agency=Reuters|quote="We now have information which indicates that Syrian fighters from jihadist groups have (transited) through Gaziantep (southeastern Turkey) to reach the Nagorno-Karabakh theatre of operations"}}</ref> while Russia expressed concern over "illegal armed units" from Syria and Libya being present in the conflict zone.<ref>{{cite web |title=Comment by the Information and Press Department on the movement of foreign mercenaries to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict zone |url=https://www.mid.ru/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/cKNonkJE02Bw/content/id/4363834|access-date=2020-10-04|website=mid.ru}}</ref> [[Syrian President]] [[Bashar al-Assad]] reiterated Macron's concerns.<ref name="assad">{{cite web|date=6 October 2020|title=Syria's Assad blames Turkey for fighting between Azeris and Armenians|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/syrias-assad-says-turkeys-erdogan-main-instigator-in-nagorno-karabakh-644704|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009013802/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/syrias-assad-says-turkeys-erdogan-main-instigator-in-nagorno-karabakh-644704|archive-date=9 October 2020|access-date=10 October 2020}}</ref> On 3 October 2020, Armenian Prime Minister [[Nikol Pashinyan]] stated that Syrian fighters, together with [[Turkish Land Forces|Turkish army]] specialists, were involved, along with circa 150 senior Turkish military officers, allegedly directing military operations.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-03|title=150 Turkish high ranking military officers in Azerbaijani command centers – PM Pashinyan|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1030164/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009093117/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1030164/ |archive-date=2020-10-09|access-date=2020-10-10|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|quote=Prime Minister of Armenia Nikol Pashinyan announced that the analysis of the developments of the previous day show that 150–200 soldiers of the enemy attack 1 military position of the Defense Army of Artsakh.}}</ref> The [[National Security Service (Armenia)|National Security Service of Armenia]] presented intercepts, allegedly between the Turkish and Azerbaijani military, and between the Azerbaijani military and mercenaries.<ref>{{cite web|title=СРОЧНО! СНБ Армении представила факт участия Турции и наемников-террористов в боях против Карабаха|url=https://news.am/rus/news/605835.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009092839/https://news.am/rus/news/605835.html|archive-date=2020-10-09|access-date=2020-10-10|publisher=News.am|language=ru}}</ref> U.S. Secretary of State [[Mike Pompeo]] stated that Turkey's involvement in the conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia has increased the risk in the region, inflaming the situation by arming the Azerbaijanis.<ref>{{cite web|last=Pavlovska|first=Elena|date=2020-10-16|title=Pompeo criticizes Turkey's involvement in Nagorno-Karabakh conflict |url=https://www.neweurope.eu/article/pompeo-criticizes-turkeys-involvement-in-nagorno-karabakh-conflict/|access-date=2020-10-16|website=neweurope.eu|publisher=New Europe}}</ref> As of 18 October 2020, Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR) reported that 2000 mercenaries were recruited in Syria by Turkey and transferred to fight in Nagorno Karabakh.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/188669/|title=Nagorno-Karabakh battles; Over 2,000 mercenaries sent to Azerbaijan, nearly 135 killed so far. • The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|date=18 October 2020}}</ref>
On 2 October 2020, Russian investigative newspaper ''[[Novaya Gazeta]]'' reported 700–1,000 militants had apparently been sent to Azerbaijan and detailed their transport and recruitment itinerary, referring to the Hamza Division and the Samarkand and Nureddin Zinki Brigades.<ref>{{cite web|title=В бой вступают наемники|url=https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2020/10/02/87340-v-boy-vstupayut-naemniki|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008030747/https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2020/10/02/87340-v-boy-vstupayut-naemniki|archive-date=2020-10-08|access-date=2020-10-10|website=novayagazeta.ru |publisher=Novaya Gazeta|language=ru}}</ref> The [[State Security Service of Georgia|Georgian State Security Service]] stated news about the passage of Syrian fighters from Turkey through Georgia to Azerbaijan was disinformation.<ref name="georgiarefuses">{{cite web|title=В Тбилиси заявили, что боевики из Сирии не перебрасываются в Азербайджан через Грузию|url=https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/9619351|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008225014/https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/9619351|archive-date=2020-10-08|access-date=2020-10-10|website=tass.ru|agency=TASS|language=ru}}</ref> On 3 October 2020, Elizabeth Tsurkov, an American expert on Syria, reported on videos of Arabic-speaking foreigners, who she identified as likely Syrian mercenaries in [[Horadiz]], urging compatriots to join them.<ref name="bbc_061020"/><ref>{{cite news|date=2020-10-03|title=Syrians in the Karabakh conflict zone, geolocated|publisher=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944|url-status=live|access-date=2020-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008201843/https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944|archive-date=2020-10-08}}.</ref> Subsequently, Tsurkov detailed the recruitment, by the Hamza Division and Sultan Murad and Sultan Suleyman Shah Brigades, of at least a thousand mercenaries to Azerbaijan, including civilians with no fighting experience who had been informed they would be guarding [[Petroleum industry in Azerbaijan|oil facilities]] but were then sent to the front.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-16|title=The Syrian Mercenaries Fighting Foreign Wars for Russia and Turkey |url=https://www.nybooks.com/daily/2020/10/16/the-syrian-mercenaries-fighting-foreign-wars-for-russia-and-turkey/|access-date=2020-10-16|website=nybooks.com|publisher=The New York Review of Books}}</ref> On 5 October 2020, Russian News Agency ''[[RIA Novosti]]'' stated that 322 Syrian mercenaries were in the conflict zone and that 93 had been killed, while 430 from Syria had already arrived.<ref>{{cite web |title=Источник рассказал о гибели в Карабахе 93 сирийских наемников|url=https://ria.ru/20201005/karabakh-1578209189.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006221356/https://ria.ru/20201005/karabakh-1578209189.html|archive-date=2020-10-06|access-date=2020-10-10|website=ria.ru|publisher=RIA Novosti|language=ru}}</ref>
On 6 October 2020, Russia's [[Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia)|Foreign Intelligence Service]] alleged that several thousand fighters from Middle East terrorist organizations had arrived in Nagorno-Karabakh to fight for Azerbaijan, specifically from [[Jabhat al-Nusra]] ([[al-Qaeda]] branch), Firkat Hamza, and the Sultan Murad Division, stating all were linked to the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|Islamic State]] (ISIL).<ref name="alqaeda">{{cite web|date=2020-10-06|title=Разведка доложила: в Карабах прибыли террористы из Сирии и Ливии|url=https://www.gazeta.ru/army/2020/10/06/13283173.shtml?updated|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010122605/https://www.gazeta.ru/army/2020/10/06/13283173.shtml?updated|archive-date=2020-10-10|access-date=2020-10-06|website=gazeta.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref name="alqaeda1">{{cite web|date=2020-10-06|title=Нарышкин назвал "принципиально новое" в конфликте в Карабахе|url=https://www.rbc.ru/politics/06/10/2020/5f7c5b249a79477685a1fab8|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007013945/https://www.rbc.ru/politics/06/10/2020/5f7c5b249a79477685a1fab8|archive-date=2020-10-07|access-date=2020-10-06|website=rbc.ru|publisher=RBK Group|language=ru}}</ref> On 7 October 2020, [[Asia Times]] reported that mercenaries allegedly signed up to go to Azerbaijan for US$1,500 a month.<ref>{{cite web|last=Zaza|first=Ahmad|date=2020-10-07 |title=Turkey deploys Syrian mercenaries to Karabakh war|url=https://asiatimes.com/2020/10/turkey-deploys-syrian-mercenaries-to-karabakh-war/|website=asiatimes.com|publisher=Asia Times}}</ref> ''[[Kommersant]]'' states that during the first week of October up to 1300 Syrian militants and 150 Libyan mercenaries deployed to Azerbaijan.<ref name=":17">{{cite web|last=Cherenko|first=Elena|date=2020-10-16 |title=Принуждение к конфликту|trans-title=Forcing conflict|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4537733|access-date=2020-10-16|website=kommersant.ru|publisher=Kommersant}}</ref>
On 16 October 2020, ''Kommersant'' provided details of Turkish military involvement. Turkish servicemen had apparently remained in Azerbaijan after joint military drills this summer, to coordinate and direct the planning and conducting of the operations. Six hundred servicemen had stayed on, including a tactical battalion of 200 people, 50 instructors in [[Nakhchivan (city)|Nakhchivan]], 90 military advisers in Baku, 120 flight personnel at the airbase in [[Qabala]]; 20 drone operators at [[Dollyar Air Base]], 50 instructors at the aviabase in [[Yevlakh]], 50 instructors in the 4th Army Corps in [[Perekeshkul]] and 20 others at the [[Azerbaijani Navy#Naval Base|naval base]] and [[Azerbaijan Higher Military Academy]] in Baku. According to the source, forces included 18 Turkish infantry fighting vehicles, one multiple launch rocket system, 10 vehicles and up to 34 aircraft, including 6 warplanes, 8 helicopters and up to 20 military intelligence drones.<ref name=":17"/> On 17 October 2020, the Armenian National Security Service stated that Azerbaijan is smuggling in a significant amount of ammunition, mercenaries and terrorists from [[Afghanistan]] and [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/286679/|title=Azerbaijan smuggling in more terrorists, arms – Armenia NSS|date=2020-10-17|website=panarmenian.net|publisher=PanARMENIAN.net|access-date=2020-10-17}}</ref>
The SOHR confirmed a total of 320 Syrian fighters in Azerbaijan, primarily of Syrian-Turkmen descent from the [[Sultan Murad Division]], and initially stated that they had not participated in the clashes. It stated that Arab-majority Syrian rebel groups had in fact refused to send their fighters to Azerbaijan.<ref name="auto3">{{cite web|date=2020-09-29|title=SOHR {{!}} Reports of 4,000 Turkish-backed Syrian fighters in Azerbaijan untrue|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/186142/|access-date=2020-10-01|website=The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|archive-date=2020-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004073720/https://www.syriahr.com/en/186142/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 1 October 2020, the SOHR confirmed the deaths of 28 Syrian fighters and nearly 60 injured or missing.<ref name="SOHR01">{{cite news|date=1 October 2020|title=Nagorno-Karabakh battles – Nearly 30 Turkish-backed Syrian mercenaries killed in 48 hours, over 60 others missing|website=syriahr.com|publisher=SOHR |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/186420/|url-status=live|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004151400/https://www.syriahr.com/en/186420/|archive-date=4 October 2020}}</ref> On 3 November 2020, the SOHR stated that at least 250 pro-Turkey Syrian rebel fighters, who were among more than 2,580 combatants, had been killed in clashes.<ref name="syriandead"/> An unidentified SNA leader, the Jesr Press and a ''[[The Guardian]]'' article confirmed the deaths of dozens of Syrian fighters.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Carley|first1=Patricia|date=September 29, 2020|title=Turkey recruiting Syrians to guard troops and facilities in Azerbaijan|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/azerbaijan-armenia-turkey-syrians-recruiting-guard-facilities|publisher=Middle East Eye|quote="These situations are dangerous and this is not our battle, the Shia have been our number one enemy supporting the Syrian regime for 10 years", he said, adding that they will not just be used as guards and 30 Syrians have already been killed in fighting on the front.|access-date=October 10, 2020|archive-date=October 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002075651/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/azerbaijan-armenia-turkey-syrians-recruiting-guard-facilities|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Press jesr: Number of killed Syrian mercenaries in Nagorno Karabakh grows to 30|url=https://www.aysor.am/en/news/2020/09/30/syrian-mercenaries/1749092|access-date=2020-10-10|archive-date=2020-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004151406/https://www.aysor.am/en/news/2020/09/30/syrian-mercenaries/1749092|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=McKernan|first=Bethan|date=2 October 2020|title=Syrian recruit describes role of foreign fighters in Nagorno-Karabakh|newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/02/syrian-recruit-describes-role-of-foreign-fighters-in-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009090919/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/02/syrian-recruit-describes-role-of-foreign-fighters-in-nagorno-karabakh|url-status=live}}</ref> On 14 October 2020, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' reported the deaths in Karabakh of more than 50 Syrian mercenaries, most of them hired by Turkey.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fahim|first=Kareem|last2=Khurshudyan|first2=Isabelle |last3=Zakaria|first3=Zakaria|title=Deaths of Syrian mercenaries show how Turkey, Russia could get sucked into Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/azerbaijan-armenia-turkey-nagorno-karabakh/2020/10/13/2cdca1e6-08bf-11eb-8719-0df159d14794_story.html|access-date=2020-10-16|issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/azerbaijan-armenia-turkey-nagorno-karabakh/2020/10/13/2cdca1e6-08bf-11eb-8719-0df159d14794_story.html|title=Deaths of Syrian mercenaries show how Turkey, Russia could get sucked into Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|date=2020-10-14|website=washingtonpost.com|publisher=The Washington Post|access-date=14 October 2020}}</ref> Prime Minister Pashinyan in an interview given to French newspaper ''[[Le Figaro]]'' wrote that 30% of Azerbaijani forces killed in hostilities were foreign mercenaries.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-06|title=Haut-Karabakh: la guerre n'aurait pas commencé "sans l'engagement actif de la Turquie", affirme le Premier ministre arménien|url=https://video.lefigaro.fr/figaro/video/haut-karabakh-la-guerre-naurait-pas-commence-sans-lengagement-actif-de-la-turquie-affirme-le-premier-ministre-armenien/|access-date=2020-10-06|website=lefigaro.fr|publisher=Le Figaro}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-06|title="The international community must intervene as swiftly as possible to prevent the spread of violence" – PM Pashinyan's interview with Le Figaro|url=https://www.primeminister.am/en/interviews-and-press-conferences/item/2020/10/02/Nikol-Pashinyan-interview-Le-Figaro/ |access-date=2020-10-06|website=primeminister.am|publisher=Government of Armenia}}</ref>
[[Canada]] has suspended the export of its drone technology to Turkey over concerns that it is using the technology in the conflict.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-05|title=Canada to suspend arms exports to Turkey over Armenia, Azerbaijan conflict allegations|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/7379529/canada-arms-exports-turkey/|website=globalnews.ca|publisher=Global News}}</ref>
=== Armenian diaspora volunteers ===
On 28 September 2020, the Azerbaijani MoD alleged that among the Armenian casualties were "mercenaries" of Armenian origin from Syria and a variety of Middle East countries.<ref name="Syrianmercs">{{cite news |date=28 September 2020|title=Vagif Dargahli: 'There are mercenaries of Armenian origin from Syria and different countries of the Middle East among the losses of the enemy' |website=apa.az|url=https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Vagif-Dargahli:-%22There-are-mercenaries-of-Armenian-origin-from-Syria-and-different-countries-of-the-Middle-East-among-the-losses-of-the-enemy%22-331402|url-status=live|access-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929174638/https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Vagif-Dargahli:-%22There-are-mercenaries-of-Armenian-origin-from-Syria-and-different-countries-of-the-Middle-East-among-the-losses-of-the-enemy%22-331402|archive-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> On the same day, the [[Ministry of Defense (Turkey)|Turkish Minister of Defence]] stated that Armenia must "send back the mercenaries and terrorists it brought from abroad".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/erdogan-urges-armenia-to-end-occupation-in-upper-karabakh-158669|title=Erdoğan urges Armenia to 'end occupation in Upper Karabakh'|newspaper=Hurriyet Daily News|date=28 September 2020|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008022039/https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/erdogan-urges-armenia-to-end-occupation-in-upper-karabakh-158669|url-status=live}}</ref> Two days later, Azerbaijani authorities asked the international community to "adequately respond to the use of terrorist forces by Armenia".<ref name="ASALAinvolvement">{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/domestic-news/Hikmet-Hajiyev:-%22International-community-should-adequately-respond-to-the-use-of-terrorist-forces-by-Armenian-against-Azerbaijan%22-331711|title=Hikmet Hajiyev: "International community should adequately respond to the use of terrorist forces by Armenian against Azerbaijan"|website=apa.az|date=30 September 2020|access-date=30 September 2020|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001061433/https://apa.az/en/domestic-news/Hikmet-Hajiyev:-%22International-community-should-adequately-respond-to-the-use-of-terrorist-forces-by-Armenian-against-Azerbaijan%22-331711|url-status=live}}</ref> On 30 September 2020, the SOHR also stated that Armenian-born Syrian fighters were being transported to Armenia to fight against Azerbaijan.<ref name="SyrianArmenian">{{cite news|date=30 September 2020|title=Armenia–Azerbaijan conflict {{!}} First Syrian fighter of Ankara-backed factions killed in Azerbaijan|publisher=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/186288/|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-date=5 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005180045/https://www.syriahr.com/en/186288/|url-status=live}}</ref> The next day, Azerbaijani authorities stated that Armenia had widely employed foreign "terrorist forces" and "mercenaries" against it, with there being evidence of people of Armenian origin from the [[Middle East]], especially [[Syria]] and [[Lebanon]], and subsequently [[Russia]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Greece]], the [[United Arab Emirates]], and other countries.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://apa.az/en/frontline-news/Azerbaijani-MFA:-Foreign-terrorist-and-mercenaries-being-used-by-Armenia-against-Azerbaijan-332119|title=Azerbaijani MFA: Foreign terrorist and mercenaries being used by Armenia against Azerbaijan|website=apa.az|date=5 October 2020|access-date=5 October 2020}}</ref> A [[Novaya Gazeta]] report, citing [[Ministry of Interior and Municipalities (Lebanon)|Lebanese Ministry of Internal Affairs]] intelligence, stated around 500 ethnic Armenian Lebanese had travelled to fight in Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2020/10/02/87340-v-boy-vstupayut-naemniki|title=В бой вступают наемники|date=2 October 2020|access-date=13 October 2020|website=novayagazeta.ru|last=el-Hayek|first=Wadih|archive-url=https://archive.is/ki0sC|archive-date=4 October 2020 |language=ru}}</ref> An Armenian defence ministry official has said many from the diaspora applied to volunteer without giving a precise number. Hundreds from as far afield as [[Argentina]] and the [[United States]] have rushed back to Armenia for combat training, a local instructor says. Karapet Aghajanyan, the combat instructor in [[Yerevan]], who trains local and foreign volunteers, told [[Reuters]] around 10 Lebanese-Armenians have received training in his camp.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-armenia-azerbaijan-lebanon-idUKKBN27H157|title=Despite Lebanon's woes, Armenians spring to action for Nagorno-Karabakh|first=Maria Semerdjian, Ellen|last=Francis|date=1 November 2020|website=reuters.com}}</ref> [[France 24]] spoke to soldiers including Armenian diaspora from [[France]] fighting in the Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20201027-armenian-diaspora-pitches-in-as-nagorno-karabakh-truce-crumbles|title=Armenian diaspora pitches in as Nagorno-Karabakh truce crumbles|date=27 October 2020|website=france24.com}}</ref>
=== Kurdish militias ===
{{See also|Armenian–Kurdish relations}}
On 30 September 2020, Turkish sources alleged that approximately 300 [[Kurdistan Workers' Party|PKK]] militants were transported to Nagorno-Karabakh via Iran. However, these claims were not substantiated by evidence.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/turkey-iran-russia-benefit-from-azerbaijan-armenia-conflict-analysis-646951|title=Turkey, Iran, Russia benefit from Azerbaijan, Armenia conflict – analysis|date=2020-10-26|author=Seth J. Frantzman|website=jpost.com|publisher=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://eurasianet.org/question-of-syrian-mercenaries-takes-over-armenia-azerbaijan-information-war|title=Question of Syrian mercenaries takes over Armenia-Azerbaijan information war|date=2020-10-01|website=eurasianet.org|publisher=[[Eurasianet]]}}</ref> The Armenian President, Armen Sarkissian, has denied the Turkish allegations of PKK fighters being present in Armenia, describing them as "absolute nonsense".<ref>{{cite news|date=29 September 2020|title=Turkish claims of PKK fighters in Armenia absolute nonsense: Armen Sarkissian|website=alarabia.net|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/features/2020/09/30/Turkish-claims-of-PKK-fighters-in-Armenia-absolute-nonsense-Armen-Sarkissian|access-date=30 September 2020}}</ref> On 6 October 2020, the [[State Security Service (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijani State Security Service]] (SSS) claimed, citing intercepts, that Armenia had employed foreign mercenaries, including members of Kurdish militant groups whom Armenia had brought from [[Iraq]] and Syria, to fight Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/accidents-incidents-news/SSS-announces-facts-approving-fighting-of-PKK-terrorists-on-the-Armenian-side-against-Azerbaijan-332242|title=SSS announces facts, approving fighting of PKK terrorists on the Armenian side against Azerbaijan|website=apa.az|date=5 October 2020|access-date=5 October 2020|quote=The Republic of Armenia uses foreign mercenaries, including members of the Kurdish terrorist groups whom Armenia has brought from Iraq and Syria, in its aggression against Azerbaijan, Public Relations Department of the State Security Service (SSS) told APA. State Security Service of the Republic of Azerbaijan has intercepted conversations of the terrorists related to the PKK who are participating in combat activities against Azerbaijan. According to the intercepted conversations, the terrorists discuss the precarious situation on Armenia's side and numerous losses. They also talk about how the Azerbaijani side effectively uses drones and regret that they have come to the war zone being deceived by the Armenians. Here we present the above-mentioned materials.}}</ref> On the same day, Russia's [[Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia)|Foreign Intelligence Service]] alleged that there were Kurdish extremist groups, which, according to ''[[Al-Monitor]]'', are fighting on the Armenian side, while there is no direct evidence of it.<ref>{{cite web|first=Kirill|last=Semenov|url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2020/10/russia-recuit-syria-kurds-fighting-armenia-azerbaijan.html#ixzz6bcB3Sdip|title=Will Russia recruit Syrian Kurds to fight in Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict?|publisher=Al-Monitor|date=14 October 2020|access-date=22 October 2020|quote=In this context, it was beneficial for the Russian side to stress the presence of "Kurdish extremist groups", which, according to the intelligence service, came to participate in the conflict on the side of Armenia. While there is no direct evidence of this yet, the potential deployment of Kurdistan Workers Party units or affiliated organizations in the zone of the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict would be extremely sensitive for Turkey. If confirmed, instead of Ankara having eliminated the "Kurdish threat" at the southern borders of the country, a "terrorist hotbed" could be being created at Turkey's northern borders. This could be one price of Turkey's support for Azerbaijan.}}</ref> This was denied by Armenia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.am/eng/news/608647.html|title=Armenian President: We must negotiate with Turkey as a party to the conflict, not as a mediator|date=2020-10-18 |website=news.am|publisher=News.am}}</ref>
=== Arms supplies ===
==== Israel ====
Israel, a major trading partner and weapons supplier for Azerbaijan, is reported to have continued to ship weapons, especially drones, during the conflict.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-09-30|title=Israel sending weapons to Azerbaijan as fight with Armenia rages on: Sources|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/world/2020/10/01/Israel-sending-weapons-to-Azerbaijan-as-fight-with-Armenia-rages-on-Sources|access-date=2020-10-07|publisher=Al Arabiya English|archive-date=2020-10-03|archive-url=https://archive.today/20201003120240/https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/world/2020/10/01/Israel-sending-weapons-to-Azerbaijan-as-fight-with-Armenia-rages-on-Sources|url-status=live}}</ref> Nikol Pashinyan heavily criticized Israel for selling arms to Azerbaijan and its allies saying that they are working with "mercenaries and terrorists", who are targeting peaceful population.<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/armenian-pm-to-post-israel-joins-forces-with-the-devil-647790?fbclid=IwAR0xp4eFD3InNMqKPeGZyrZ3PxBn2VmafimourA4N_l-WN8EzMS9rJ_xJis|title=Armenian PM to Post: Israel joins forces with the devil|website=jpost.com|publisher=the Jerusalem Post|date=2020-11-03}}</ref><ref name="Israel1">{{cite web|url=https://hyepress.com/2020/11/03/pashinyan-to-israel-you-lined-yourselves-up-with-turkey-terrorists-and-syrian-mercenaries/?fbclid=IwAR3ERqKFQzhyvoP64rIyA6ZwcbLoN1F_bH5C1y2cq9sXTti3FtMhG0Vic8U|title=Pashinyan To Israel: You've Aligned With Turkey, Terrorists And Syrian Mercenaries|date=2020-11-03|website=hyepress.com|publisher=Hye Press|quote=Israel has armed Azerbaijan with advanced military including killer drones and illegal cluster bombs outlawed by the UN. Pashinyan says Israel is arming Azerbaijan who is carrying out a second Armenian Genocide – this time in Karabakh.}}</ref>
==== Russia, Iran and Georgia ====
During the conflict, Azerbaijani and Iranian media reported that Russian weaponry and military hardware were being transported to Armenia via Iran.<ref name="bneIranArmeniaarmsshipment">{{cite news |url=https://www.intellinews.com/iran-denies-allowing-passage-of-weapons-into-armenia-after-video-emerges-on-social-media-192945/|title=Iran denies allowing passage of weapons into Armenia after video emerges on social media|website=intellinews.com|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> On 29 September 2020, the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iran)|Iranian Foreign Ministry]] denied these reports.<ref name="Irandeniesarmstrade1">{{cite web|url=https://en.mfa.gov.ir/portal/NewsView/612094|title=Spokesman Denies Claim That Arms Transferred via Iran to Armenia|website=mfa.gov.ir|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930142643/https://en.mfa.gov.ir/portal/NewsView/612094|url-status=live}}</ref> The next day, Azerbaijani government-affiliated media outlets shared footage reportedly showing the materiel being transported.<ref name="AzerbaijanclaimsIRARMarmstrade1">{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Video-footages-spread-regarding-weapons-and-military-equipment-transport-from-Iran-to-Armenia-colorredNEW-FACTScolor-colorredVIDEOcolor-331624|title=Video footages spread regarding weapons and military equipment transport from Iran to Armenia|website=apa.az|date=30 September 2020 |access-date=30 September 2020|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930142803/https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Video-footages-spread-regarding-weapons-and-military-equipment-transport-from-Iran-to-Armenia-colorredNEW-FACTScolor-colorredVIDEOcolor-331624|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="AzerbaijanclaimsIRARMarmstrade2">{{cite news |url=https://www.azernews.az/karabakh/169670.html|title=Military supplies for Armenia being shipped through Iran|website=azernews.az|publisher=AzerNews|date=30 September 2020|access-date=30 September 2020 |archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930142908/https://www.azernews.az/karabakh/169670.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3307948.html|title=Military supplies for Armenia being shipped through Iran|website=trend.az|publisher=Trend News Agency|date=30 September 2020|access-date=30 September 2020|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930143038/https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3307948.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Azerbaijani MP [[Sabir Rustamkhanli]] alleged that Iran was engaged in transporting weapons from various countries to Armenia.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://report.az/milli-meclis/mm-kubada-sefirlik-tesis-olunmasi-layihesini-qebul-etdi/|title=Deputat: "İran müxtəlif ölkələrdən gələn silah-sursatı Ermənistana daşımaqla məşğuldur"|website=report.az|publisher=Report Information Agency|date=30 September 2020|access-date=30 September 2020 |language=az|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930143135/https://report.az/milli-meclis/mm-kubada-sefirlik-tesis-olunmasi-layihesini-qebul-etdi/|url-status=live}}</ref> Subsequently, in the Azerbaijani Parliament, Rustamkhanli suggested opening an Azerbaijani embassy in Israel.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/foreign-news/Opening-Azerbaijani-Embassy-to-Israel-suggested-in-Azerbaijani-Parliament-331631|title=Opening Azerbaijani Embassy to Israel suggested in Azerbaijani Parliament|website=apa.az|date=30 September 2020|access-date=30 September 2020|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930121234/https://apa.az/en/foreign-news/Opening-Azerbaijani-Embassy-to-Israel-suggested-in-Azerbaijani-Parliament-331631|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Presidential Administration of Iran|Chief of Staff of the President of Iran]], in a phone call with the [[Prime Minister of Azerbaijan|Deputy Prime Minister of Azerbaijan]], denied the reports and stated that they were aimed at disrupting both countries' [[Azerbaijan–Iran relations|relations]].<ref name="Irandeniesarmstrade2">{{cite news |url=https://www.iribnews.ir/fa/news/2841669/%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1-%DA%A9%D9%85%DA%A9-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7-%D8%A8%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA|title=شایعات مبنی بر کمک ایران به ارمنستان کاملا بی اساس است|website=iribnews.ir |publisher=Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting|date=30 September 2020|access-date=30 September 2020|language=fa|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930143337/https://www.iribnews.ir/fa/news/2841669/%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1-%DA%A9%D9%85%DA%A9-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7-%D8%A8%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA|url-status=live}}</ref> Iranian state-affiliated media stated that trucks depicted in the footage consisted of shipments of [[Kamaz]] trucks that the Armenian government had previously purchased from Russia.<ref name="Irandeniesarmstrade4">{{cite news|url=https://www.iribnews.ir/fa/news/2841827/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AE%D8%A7%DA%A9-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86|title=انتقال کامیونهای روسی از خاک ایران!|website=iribnews.ir|publisher=Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting|date=29 September 2020|access-date=30 September 2020|language=fa|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930143710/https://www.iribnews.ir/fa/news/2841827/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AE%D8%A7%DA%A9-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86|url-status=live}}</ref>
Azerbaijan's president initially stated that [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] had not allowed the transportation of weapons through its territory and thanked Georgia, as a partner and friend.<ref>{{cite news |title=Azerbaijani president Aliyev: Georgia has prevented transit for arms supply for Armenia|url=https://agenda.ge/en/news/2020/2914|publisher=agenda.ge|date=September 2020}}</ref> However, in a subsequent interview, he alleged that Armenia was misusing one of its [[Ilyushin Il-76|Il-76]] cargo planes for civil flights, to secretly transport fighters and [[9M133 Kornet|Kornet anti-tank missiles]] from Russia through Georgian airspace into Armenia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Алиев: Иран и Грузия закрыли воздушное пространство и наземные дороги для доставки оружия в Армению|url=https://report.az/ru/nagorno-karabakhskiy-konflikt/aliev-iran-i-gruziya-zakryli-vozdushnoe-prostranstvo-i-nazemnye-dorogi-dlya-dostavki-oruzhiya-v-armeniyu/|access-date=2020-10-28|website=Информационное Агентство Репорт|language=ru}}</ref> Georgia responded by stating that its airspace was closed to all military and military cargo flights but not for civil and humanitarian ones.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-17|title=Karabakh: Georgia Says Not Responsible for Civilian Flights|url=https://civil.ge/archives/375897|access-date=2020-10-28|website=civil.ge}}</ref>
==== Serbia ====
Azerbaijan has stated that Armenia is employing Serbian weapons, alleged to have been transported via Georgia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Serbia is Playing With Fire, Delivering Arms to Armenia {{!}} Balkan Insight|url=https://balkaninsight.com/2020/10/02/serbia-is-playing-with-fire-delivering-arms-to-armenia/|access-date=2020-10-07|website=balkaninsight.com|archive-date=2020-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006182614/https://balkaninsight.com/2020/10/02/serbia-is-playing-with-fire-delivering-arms-to-armenia/|url-status=live}}</ref> In response, the [[President of Serbia]], [[Aleksandar Vučić]], stated that Serbia considers both Armenia and Azerbaijan to be friends and "brotherly nations", insisting that Serbian weapons were not being used in Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://globalvoices.org/2020/10/08/serbian-government-first-flaunts-then-denies-having-sold-weapons-to-both-armenia-and-azerbaijan/|title=Serbian government first flaunts, then denies having sold weapons to both Armenia and Azerbaijan|date=8 October 2020|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009221751/https://globalvoices.org/2020/10/08/serbian-government-first-flaunts-then-denies-having-sold-weapons-to-both-armenia-and-azerbaijan/|url-status=live}}</ref>
== International reactions ==
=== OSCE Minsk Group ===
On 2 October 2020, the [[OSCE Minsk Group]], responsible for mediating the [[peace process]] in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict since 1992, condemned the fighting and called on those involved in the conflict to respect their [[Geneva Conventions|obligations to protect civilians]]. The Minsk Group stated that participation by "external parties" was working against the peace process. The group called for an immediate ceasefire, and "substantive negotiations, in good faith and without preconditions".<ref name="MinskGroup_2Oct2020"/>
=== Supranational and regional organizations ===
[[File:Ilham Aliyev received Baghdad Amreyev, Mustafa Rifat Adham Ikramov, and Marat Sharshekeev1.jpg|thumb|right|Secretary-General of the [[Turkic Council]], Baghdad Amreyev, in [[Baku]] on 2 November 2020.]]
[[President of the European Council]] [[Charles Michel]] called for a bilateral cessation of hostilities, as did the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]] (OSCE)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gumrukcu|first1=Tuvan|last2=Tétrault-Farber|first2=Gabrielle|last3=Soldatkin|first3=Vladimir|editor1-last=Heritage|editor1-first=Timothy|editor2-last=Evans|editor2-first=David|editor3-last=Wallis |editor3-first=Daniel|title=Armenia–Azerbaijan clashes kill at least 16, undermine regional stability|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan/armenia-azerbaijan-clashes-kill-at-least-16-undermine-regional-stability-idUSKBN26I06E?il=0|access-date=27 September 2020|agency=Reuters|date=27 September 2020|archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928175742/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan/armenia-azerbaijan-clashes-kill-at-least-16-undermine-regional-stability-idUSKBN26I06E?il=0|url-status=live }}</ref> on 1 October and 5 October 2020, and [[Secretary-General of the United Nations]] [[António Guterres]] followed by the [[United Nations Security Council]] (UNSC). Following a closed council meeting, the Security Council issued a statement. It condemned the use of force and reiterated the Secretary-General's call to immediately cease fighting, deescalate tensions and return to meaningful negotiations. It further expressed concern at "large scale military actions", regret at the death toll and impact on civilian populations, and complete support for the "central role" of the OSCE, urging both sides to cooperate towards an urgent return of dialogue without setting preconditions.<ref name="f24_300920" /> On 18 October 2020, the UN Secretary-General again called on Armenia and Azerbaijan to respect the humanitarian truce and condemned attacks on civilians.<ref>{{cite web|last=Melimopoulos|first=Arwa Ibrahim,Elizabeth|title=UN chief urges Nagorno-Karabakh rivals to respect truce |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/18/armenia-accuses-azerbaijan-of-violating-truce-in-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=2020-10-19|website=aljazeera.com}}</ref> Similarly, Secretary General of [[NATO]], [[Jens Stoltenberg]], expressed deep concern for the escalation of hostilities and called for the sides to immediately halt fighting and progress towards a peaceful resolution, urging NATO-member Turkey to use its influence to that end.<ref name="UPI">{{cite news|title=NATO to continue to support Turkey, Secretary-General says|url=https://www.upi.com/Defense-News/2020/10/05/NATO-to-continue-to-support-Turkey-Secretary-General-says/1431601916532/|publisher=United Press International|date=5 October 2020}}</ref><ref name=":20">{{cite web|title=NATO chief tells Turkey to help calm Karabakh conflict |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/1996983/nato-chief-tells-turkey-to-help-calm-karabakh-conflict|url-status=live|access-date=2020-10-09|website=Bangkok Post|publisher=Reuters}}</ref> Stoltenberg expressed NATO's neutrality and said that both "Armenia and Azerbaijan have been valued NATO partners for more than 25 years".<ref>{{cite news|title=Armenian president accuses Turkey in visit to NATO |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/international/world-news-politics/armenian-president-accuses-turkey-in-visit-to-nato-905323.html|publisher=Deccan Herald|date=21 October 2020}}</ref> NATO and the [[European Union]] (EU) have refused to publicly criticize Turkey's involvement in the conflict.<ref name="UPI"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Nato and EU silent on Turkey, despite Armenia's appeal |url=https://euobserver.com/foreign/149833|publisher=EUobserver|date=23 October 2020}}</ref>
Secretary General of the [[Organization of American States]] [[Luis Almagro]] demanded that Azerbaijan cease hostilities,<ref>{{cite web|last=OAS|date=2020-09-27|title=OAS – Organization of American States: Democracy for peace, security, and development|url=https://www.oas.org/en/media_center/press_release.asp?sCodigo=E-098/20|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001013846/https://www.oas.org/en/media_center/press_release.asp?sCodigo=E-098%2F20|archive-date=2020-10-01|access-date=2020-09-28|publisher=OAS – Organization of American States}}</ref> whereas the [[Turkic Council]] demanded an unconditional withdrawal of Armenia from the occupied territories of Azerbaijan,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.turkkon.org/en/haberler/statement-of-the-secretary-general-of-the-turkic-council_2075|title=Statement of the Secretary General of the Turkic Council|website=turkkon.org|publisher=Turkic Council|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020 |archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928175702/https://www.turkkon.org/en/haberler/statement-of-the-secretary-general-of-the-turkic-council_2075|url-status=dead}}</ref> and adding that [[Turkic world]] have stood by "brotherly Azerbaijan".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://menafn.com/1101060499/We-as-the-Turkic-Council-and-the-Turkic-world-have-stood-by-brotherly-Azerbaijan-Turkic-Council-SecGe|title=We, as the Turkic Council and the Turkic world, have stood by brotherly Azerbaijan – Turkic Council SecGen|date=3 November 2020}}</ref> The [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] initially condemned Armenian "provocations"<ref>{{cite web|title=OIC Condemns Repeated Provocations and Aggresion by Armenian Military Forces against Azerbaijan|url=https://www.oic-oci.org/topic/?t_id=23879&ref=14184&lan=en|url-status=live|website=Organisation of Islamic Cooperation}}</ref> and subsequently expressed concern regarding Armenia's violations of the 10 October 2020 humanitarian ceasefire and conditional solidarity with the Republic of Azerbaijan, highlighting the OIC stance and that of the UNSC and urging a political solution to the conflict, and affirming respect for Azerbaijan's sovereignty, territorial integrity, and internationally recognized borders.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cooperation|first=Organization of Islamic|date=2020-10-14|title=OIC Reaffirms its Solidarity with the Republic of Azerbaijan |url=https://www.oic-oci.org/topic/ampg.asp?t_id=24820&t_ref=15170&lan=en|access-date=2020-10-18|publisher=OIC Reaffirms its Solidarity with the Republic of Azerbaijan}}</ref>
On 19 October 2020, at the request of Russia, the United States, and France, the [[United Nations Security Council]] held closed consultations on the situation in Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.interfax.ru/world/732210|title=СБ ООН обсудил меры по контролю за соблюдением перемирия в Карабахе|date=2020-10-20|access-date=2020-10-28}}</ref> After discussions, a draft declaration was prepared on behalf of the [[Presidency of the United Nations Security Council|President of the Security Council]]. The draft declaration did not contain a reference to the [[List of United Nations Security Council resolutions on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|previous UN Security Council resolutions]] regarding the topic. According to Hikmat Hajiyev, this project was mainly prepared by Russia and France.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.is/https://report.az/en/nagorno-karabakh-conflict/hikmat-hajiyev-comments-on-discussions-in-un-security-council-on-armenian-azerbaijani-conflict/|title=Members of Non-Aligned Movement refuse to adopt document against Azerbaijan|date=2020-10-23|access-date=2020-10-29}}</ref> However, non-permanent members of the Security Council, who are the members of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]] at the same time, twice violated the silence procedure, insisting on the inclusion in the statement of a reference to the UN Security Council resolutions. Following the persistent and principled position of the member states of the Non-Aligned Movement, the draft statement in question was formally withdrawn. President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev, who is also the Chairman of Non-Aligned Movement <ref>https://en.president.az/articles/40878</ref> thanked those states including [[Indonesia]], [[Niger]], [[Tunisia]], [[Vietnam]], [[South Africa]], [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]], and the [[Dominican Republic]] for their fair position, announcing that he will continue to defend the interests of the member states, international law, and justice in the UN and other international organizations.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://azertag.az/ru/xeber/Pomoshchnik_Prezidenta_Xikmet_Gadzhiev_prokommentiroval_obsuzhdeniya_v_Sovete_Bezopasnosti_OON_po_armyano_azerbaidzhanskomu_konfliktu-1622313|title=Помощник Президента Хикмет Гаджиев прокомментировал обсуждения в Совете Безопасности ООН по армяно-азербайджанскому конфликту|date=2020-10-23|access-date=2020-10-28|website=apa.az}}</ref>
=== Countries ===
==== Russia ====
Being a co-chair of [[OSCE Minsk Group]], Russia's main role in this conflict is that of a mediator. On 2 October 2020, along with the other two co-chairs of the Group, France and the U.S., it called for immediate cessation of hostilities in Nagorno-Karabakh, and asked both sides to continue negotiations without preconditions.<ref>{{cite web|title=France, Russia and US call for immediate truce in Nagorno-Karabakh|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20201002-france-russia-and-us-call-for-immediate-truce-in-nagorno-karabakh|publisher=France 24|date=2 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> On 6 October 2020, the Russian Foreign Minister [[Sergei Lavrov]] and his Iranian counterpart [[Mohammad Javad Zarif]] expressed concern about the involvement of Syrian and Libyan fighters in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, with the possible support of Turkey.<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia ready for "mutual concessions" with Azerbaijan|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/6/assad-calls-erdogan-the-main-instigator-in-in-nagorno-karabakh|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=6 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Russia, Iran concerned about Syrian and Libyan fighters in Nagorno-Karabakh – Moscow |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/armenia-azerbaijan-russia-iran/russia-iran-concerned-about-syrian-and-libyan-fighters-in-nagorno-karabakh-moscow-idINKBN26N2TQ|publisher=Reuters|date=2 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> Both Russia and Armenia are part of a mutual defence pact. However, on 8 October 2020, President [[Vladimir Putin]] expressed that the fighting is not happening on the territory of Armenia and therefore Russia would not intervene in the current conflict.<ref>{{cite web|title=Putin Says Fighting Is Not Taking Place In Territory Of Armenia|url=https://caspiannews.com/news-detail/putin-says-fighting-is-not-taking-place-in-territory-of-armenia-2020-10-8-0/|publisher=Caspian News|date=8 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> He also affirmed Russia's good relations with both Armenia and Azerbaijan. On 9 October 2020, Lavrov mediated a ceasefire after 10 hours of talks between Armenian and Azerbaijani Foreign Ministers in Moscow. The ceasefire was quickly broken.<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia and Azerbaijan accuse each other of violating Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire|url=https://ca.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-diplomacy-idCAKBN26V005|publisher=Reuters|date=10 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> On 22 October 2020, Putin indicated that the root of the conflict lines in interethnic clashes between Armenians and Azerbaijanis in the 1980s, and specifically referred to the [[Sumgait pogrom|massacre of Armenians in Sumgait]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Путин заявил о почти пяти тысячах погибших в Карабахе|url=https://ria.ru/20201023/putin-1581111641.html|publisher=Ria|date=23 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Putin: Karabakh conflict started with brutal crimes against Armenian people|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/22/putin-karabakh-conflict-started-with-brutal-crimes-against-armenian-people/|publisher=Public Radio of Armenia|date=22 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref>
==== United States ====
On 27 September 2020, United States president [[Donald Trump]] said his administration was "looking at [the conflict] very strongly" and that it was seeing whether it could stop it.<ref name="DJTReuters">{{cite web|date=28 September 2020|title=Trump says U.S. will seek to stop violence between Armenia, Azerbaijan|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-trump-idUSKBN26I124|website=reuters.com |publisher=Reuters}}</ref> Presidential candidate and former Vice President [[Joe Biden]] demanded that Turkey "stay out" of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.<ref name="KellyNagornoKarabakh">Laura Kelly, [https://thehill.com/policy/international/518794-biden-says-turkey-must-stay-out-of-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict Biden says Turkey must stay out of Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004092433/https://thehill.com/policy/international/518794-biden-says-turkey-must-stay-out-of-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict|date=2020-10-04}} ''The Hill'' 29 September 2020</ref> In a letter to [[United States Secretary of State|U.S. Secretary of State]] [[Mike Pompeo]], Senate Foreign Relations Committee ranking member [[Bob Menendez]], Senate Minority Leader [[Chuck Schumer]], and several other lawmakers called for the Trump administration to immediately suspend [[United States military aid|U.S. military aid]] [[Azerbaijan–United States relations|to Azerbaijan]],<ref>{{cite news|date=2 October 2020|title=Senate and House Leaders to Secretary of State Pompeo: Cut Military Aid to Azerbaijan; Sanction Turkey for Ongoing Attacks Against Armenia and Artsakh|publisher=The Armenian Weekly|url=https://armenianweekly.com/2020/10/02/senate-and-house-leaders-to-secretary-of-state-pompeo-cut-military-aid-to-azerbaijan-sanction-turkey-for-ongoing-attacks-against-armenia-and-artsakh/ |url-status=live|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005130156/https://armenianweekly.com/2020/10/02/senate-and-house-leaders-to-secretary-of-state-pompeo-cut-military-aid-to-azerbaijan-sanction-turkey-for-ongoing-attacks-against-armenia-and-artsakh/|archive-date=5 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="defensenews">{{cite news|date=6 October 2020|title=Democrats urge halt to security aid to Azerbaijan in Armenia conflict|publisher=Defense News|url=https://www.defensenews.com/congress/2020/10/06/democrats-urge-halt-to-security-aid-to-azerbaijan-in-armenia-conflict/|url-status=live|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010113902/https://www.defensenews.com/congress/2020/10/06/democrats-urge-halt-to-security-aid-to-azerbaijan-in-armenia-conflict/|archive-date=10 October 2020}}</ref> sent through [[The Pentagon|Pentagon]]'s "building partner assistance program".<ref name="defensenews"/><ref>{{cite news|date=17 July 2019|title=US Allocates US$100 million in Security Aid to Azerbaijan in 2018–19|publisher=USC Institute of Armenian Studies|url=https://armenian.usc.edu/us-allocates-100-million-in-security-aid-to-azerbaijan/|url-status=live|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008151829/https://armenian.usc.edu/us-allocates-100-million-in-security-aid-to-azerbaijan/|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref> [[Eliot Engel]], chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, called the influence of third party actors like Turkey "troubling".<ref>{{cite news|date=September 29, 2020|title=Democrats warn Turkey over involvement in Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict |publisher=The Hill|url=https://thehill.com/policy/international/518737-democrats-warn-turkey-over-involvement-in-azerbaijan-armenia-conflict|url-status=live|access-date=October 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004085716/https://thehill.com/policy/international/518737-democrats-warn-turkey-over-involvement-in-azerbaijan-armenia-conflict|archive-date=October 4, 2020}}</ref> On 15 October 2020, Pompeo urged both sides to respect the humanitarian ceasefire and stated, "We now have the Turks, who have stepped in and provided resources to Azerbaijan, increasing the risk, increasing the firepower that's taking place in this historic fight... The resolution of that conflict ought to be done through negotiation and peaceful discussions, not through armed conflict, and certainly not with third party countries coming in to lend their firepower to what is already a powder keg of a situation".<ref name="statepompeointerview">{{cite web|date=15 October 2020|title=Secretary Michael R. Pompeo With Erick Erickson of The Erick Erickson Show on WSB Atlanta|url=https://www.state.gov/secretary-michael-r-pompeo-with-erick-erickson-of-the-erick-erickson-show-on-wsb-atlanta/|url-status=live|access-date=16 October 2020 |website=state.gov|publisher=The United States Department of State}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
A number of U.S. congressmen were more vocal in their criticism of the Azerbaijani side. On 22 October 2020, Representative [[Frank Pallone]] said he would introduce a bipartisan resolution with the backing of several dozen colleagues that "support[s] the Republic of Artsakh, recognizing its right to self-determination, and condemning Azerbaijan and Turkey for aggression".<ref>[https://pallone.house.gov/media/press-releases/pallone-introduce-bipartisan-resolution-supporting-artsakh-s-right-self-0 Pallone to Introduce Bipartisan Resolution Supporting Artsakh's Right to Self-Determination] 22 October 2020</ref> At least one congressman, [[Brad Sherman]], called for the imposition of sanctions against Azerbaijan through the [[Magnitsky Act]].<ref>{{cite web|date=10 October 2020|title=Rep. Brad Sherman calls for applying Global Magnitsky sanctions on Azeri officials|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1031116.html|access-date=26 October 2020|publisher=Armenpress}}</ref>
On 23 October 2020, President Trump stated that "good progress" was being made on reaching an agreement in the conflict, saying: "We are talking about this; we are talking with Armenia. We have very good relations with Armenia. They're great people and we're going to help them".<ref>{{cite web|date=23 October 2020|title=Armenians are great people and we're going to help them – Donald Trump |url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/23/armenians-are-great-people-and-were-going-to-help-them-donald-trump/|access-date=26 October 2020|publisher=Public Radio of Armenia}}</ref> On 25 October 2020, U.S. National Security Advisor [[Robert C. O'Brien]] announced that Armenia has accepted a ceasefire, Azerbaijan has not yet but they are "pushing them to do so".<ref>{{cite web|date=25 October 2020|title=Armenia has accepted a ceasefire, Azerbaijan has not – Robert O'Brien|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/25/armenia-has-accepted-a-ceasefire-azerbaijan-has-not-robert-obrien/|access-date=26 October 2020 |publisher=Public Rdio of Armenia}}</ref> Later that day it was announced that both sides had agreed with a humanitarian ceasefire from the next day morning.<ref>{{cite web|date=25 October 2020 |title=Humanitarian ceasefire in Nagorno Karabakh to be effective at 08:00 on 26 October 2020|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/25/ceasefire-in-nagorno-karabakh-to-be-effective-0800-a-m-on-october-26-2020/ |access-date=26 October 2020|publisher=Public Radio of Armenia}}</ref>
==== Turkey ====
[[File:Ilham Aliyev received delegation led by Turkish Foreign Minister.jpg|thumb|right|Azerbaijani President [[Ilham Aliyev]] and the Turkish Foreign Minister [[Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu]] on 6 October 2020.]]
The governments of [[Turkey]] and [[Pakistan]] expressed support for Azerbaijan. Turkey blamed Armenia for violating the ceasefire<ref name="aj_270920">{{cite web|title=Armenia-Azerbaijan clashes: How the world reacted|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/9/27/armenia-azerbaijan-clashes-world-reactions|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927124156/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/9/27/armenia-azerbaijan-clashes-world-reactions|archive-date=27 September 2020|access-date=27 September 2020 |website=aljazeera.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Armenia and Azerbaijan erupt into fighting over disputed Nagorno-Karabakh|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54314341|url-status=live|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928055530/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54314341|archive-date=28 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Pakistan expresses "deep concern", assures support to Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|publisher=The News International|location=Karachi |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/721049-pakistan-expresses-concerns-over-nagorno-karabakh-conflict-assures-support-to-azerbaijan|url-status=live|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928092958/https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/721049-pakistan-expresses-concerns-over-nagorno-karabakh-conflict-assures-support-to-azerbaijan|archive-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> and Turkish President Erdogan initially urged Azerbaijan to persist with its campaign until it had retaken all territory lost in the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.<ref name=":20"/> Erdogan criticized the failed activities of the OSCE Minsk Group in the last 25 years as "stalling tactics" preventing a diplomatic solution.<ref name="reuters14oct">{{cite news|title=Turkey's Erdogan says Minsk group stalling on Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-turkey-erdogan-idUSKBN26Z1P8|access-date=21 October 2020|publisher=Reuters|date=14 October 2020}}</ref> Further, Turkey issued a statement on 1 October 2020 dismissing the joint demands from France, Russia, and the United States calling for a ceasefire.<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia-Azerbaijan: Both sides defy Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire calls|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54366616|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001030106/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54366616|archive-date=1 October 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|website=bbc.com|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref name="Reuters OSCE">{{cite web|last1=Bagirova|first1=Nailia|last2=Hovhannisyan|first2=Nvard|title=Turkey rebuffs Russia, France and U.S. over Nagono-Karabakh ceasefire moves|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan/turkey-rebuffs-russia-france-and-u-s-over-nagono-karabakh-ceasefire-moves-idUSKBN26M5IJ|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001202829/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan/turkey-rebuffs-russia-france-and-u-s-over-nagono-karabakh-ceasefire-moves-idUSKBN26M5IJ|archive-date=1 October 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|website=reuters.com|publisher=Reuters}}</ref> [[Northern Cyprus]], a self-declared state [[List of states with limited recognition|recognized only by Turkey]], expressed support for Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web|date=29 September 2020|title=Turkish Cypriot side sends messages of support to Azerbaijan|url=https://cyprus-mail.com/2020/09/29/turkish-cypriot-side-sends-messages-of-support-to-azerbaijan|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010113903/https://cyprus-mail.com/2020/09/29/turkish-cypriot-side-sends-messages-of-support-to-azerbaijan|archive-date=10 October 2020|access-date=10 October 2020}}</ref>
Turkey accused [[Canada]] of a "double standard" in freezing military exports to Turkey but not [[Saudi Arabia]], which is involved in [[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen|military intervention in Yemen]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Turks accuse Canada of "double standard" in freezing military exports to Turkey but not Saudi Arabia|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-turks-accuse-canada-of-double-standard-in-freezing-military-exports/|publisher=The Globe and Mail|date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
==== Others ====
[[File:Ilham Aliyev received delegation led by Special Envoy of Iranian President1.jpg|thumb|right|[[President of Iran|Iranian Presidential Envoy]] led by [[Abbas Araghchi]] in [[Baku]] on 28 October 2020.]]
Syrian President [[Bashar al-Assad]] blamed Turkey for the conflict,<ref name="assad"/> while Greek foreign minister [[Nikos Dendias]], on a visit to Yerevan on 16 October 2020, said that it was critical to end foreign interference, warning that Turkey's intervention was raising serious international concerns.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Statement by Minister of Foreign Affairs, N. Dendias, following his meeting with the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Armenia, Zohrab Mnatsakanyan (Yerevan, 16 October 2020)|url=https://www.mfa.gr/en/current-affairs/top-story/statement-by-minister-of-foreign-affairs-dendias-following-his-meeting-with-the-minister-of-foreign-affairs-of-armenia-zohrab-mnatsakanyan-yerevan-16102020.html|access-date=16 October 2020|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Hellenic Republic|date=16 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Israeli President [[Reuven Rivlin]] expressed sorrow at the resumption of violence and loss of life, stating that Israel's long-standing cooperation and relations with Azerbaijan was not for offensive purposes, adding that Israel was interested in promoting relations with Armenia and was prepared to offer humanitarian aid.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rivlin speaks with Armenian president, hopes ambassador will return soon|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/rivlin-speaks-with-armenian-president-hopes-ambassador-will-return-soon-644575|access-date=2020-10-05|website=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> However, Nikol Pashinyan heavily criticized Israel for selling arms to Azerbaijan and its allies saying that they are working with "mercenaries and terrorists", who are targeting peaceful population.<ref name="auto2"/><ref name="Israel1"/> Armenia recalled its ambassador to Israel for consultations. Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan also rejected the [[humanitarian aid]] proposed by Israel and stated that the country should send that aid to the "terrorists".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/armenian-pm-to-post-israel-joins-forces-with-the-devil-6477904|title=Armenian PM to Post: Israel joins forces with the devil|date=2020-11-03|website=jpost.com|publisher=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|quote=Humanitarian aid by a country that is selling weapons to mercenaries, which they are using to strike a civilian peaceful population? I propose that Israel send that aid to the mercenaries and to the terrorists as the logical continuation of its activities.}}</ref> [[Israel]]i Defence Minister [[Benny Gantz]] accused Turkey of disrupting peace efforts in the region and called for international pressure on Turkey to dissuade "direct terrorism".<ref name="news24">{{Cite web|date=2020-10-06|title=Azerbaijan–Armenia war: Saudi Arabia calls for boycott of Turkish goods, Israel urges NATO action against Turkey|url=https://news24online.com/news/world/azerbaijan-armenia-war-saudi-arabia-calls-boycott-turkish-goods-israel-urges-nato-action-against-turkey-2248ea3f|access-date=2020-10-07|website=News24 English}}</ref> Israel declined to comment on the possibility of halting support for Azerbaijan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Israel may halt its weapons sale to Azerbaijan, Armenian ambassador says|url=https://www.jpost.com/international/israel-may-halt-its-weapons-sale-to-azerbaijan-armenian-ambassador-says-644602|access-date=2020-10-07|website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com}}</ref>
[[Hungary]] stated it backed Azerbaijan's territorial integrity, adding it supports the reduction of tensions in the escalating conflict and a negotiated OSCE Minsk Group solution.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hungarytoday.hu/hungary-nagorno-karabakh-conflict-eu-summit-azerbaijan/|title=Hungarian Gov't Stands by Azerbaijan in Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict|first=Fanni|last=Kaszás|newspaper=Hungary Today|date=1 October 2020|access-date=2 October 2020|archive-date=5 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005043618/https://hungarytoday.hu/hungary-nagorno-karabakh-conflict-eu-summit-azerbaijan/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://index.hu/kulfold/2020/10/01/azeri/|title=Magyarország kiáll Azerbajdzsán mellett a hegyi-karabahi konfliktusban|first=Viktor|last=Buzna|newspaper=[[Index (Hungarian website)|Index]]|date=1 October 2020|access-date=2 October 2020|language=hu}}</ref> [[Ukraine]] stated that it supports Azerbaijan's territorial integrity, would not provide military assistance to either state,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3110781-avakov-ukraine-wont-provide-military-assistance-to-armeniaazerbaijan-conflict-parties.html|title=Avakov: Ukraine won't provide military assistance to Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict parties|newspaper=Ukrinform|date=2 October 2020|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-date=5 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005050512/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3110781-avakov-ukraine-wont-provide-military-assistance-to-armeniaazerbaijan-conflict-parties.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/ukraine-supports-azerbaijans-territorial-integrity/1993930|title=Ukraine supports Azerbaijan's territorial integrity|first=Tahla|last=Yavuz|newspaper=[[Anadolu Agency]]|date=2 October 2020|access-date=2 October 2020|archive-date=5 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005122528/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/ukraine-supports-azerbaijans-territorial-integrity/1993930|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3109423-ukraine-at-osce-calls-for-peaceful-settlement-of-nagornokarabakh-conflict.html|title=Ukraine at OSCE calls for peaceful settlement of Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|newspaper=[[Ukrinform]]|date=30 September 2020|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-date=3 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003013149/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3109423-ukraine-at-osce-calls-for-peaceful-settlement-of-nagornokarabakh-conflict.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and wanted to avoid an ethnic conflict between its own [[Armenians in Ukraine|Armenian]] and [[Azerbaijanis in Ukraine|Azerbaijani]] communities.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.unian.info/politics/nagorno-karabakh-kuleba-calls-on-officials-to-make-balanced-comments-11168372.html|title=Kuleba calls on officials to make balanced comments on Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict|newspaper=[[Ukrainian Independent Information Agency]]|date=2 October 2020|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-date=5 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005060429/https://www.unian.info/politics/nagorno-karabakh-kuleba-calls-on-officials-to-make-balanced-comments-11168372.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Iran]] stated that no military solution to the conflict existed and expressed support for Azerbaijan's territorial integrity, emphasizing the need for a ceasefire and political dialogue and expressing concern over the conflict.<ref name="spokesman" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/453300/Tehran-urges-Armenia-to-respect-Azerbaijan-s-territorial-integrity|title=Tehran urges Armenia to respect Azerbaijan's territorial integrity|date=6 October 2020|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010113905/https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/453300/Tehran-urges-Armenia-to-respect-Azerbaijan-s-territorial-integrity|url-status=live}}</ref> While the [[supreme leader]] [[Ali Khamenei]] told that Azerbaijan is "entitled to liberate its occupied territories", and that the security of Armenian minority should be ensured.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/165482/Iran-s-policies-not-to-change-with-change-of-US-gov|title=Iran’s policies not to change with change of US gov.|date=3 November 2020}}</ref> [[Albania]] stated that it supports territorial integrity of Azerbaijan and called both sides to solve conflict with peaceful negotiations.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://albaniandailynews.com/news/president-meta-accepts-azerbaijan-ambassador-s-credentials |title=President Meta accepts Azerbaijan ambassador's credentials |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=22 October 2020 |website=albaniandailynews.com |publisher= |access-date= |quote=I confirmed Albania's support for the territorial integrity of Azerbaijan..}}</ref>
Representatives of countries, including [[Argentina]],<ref>{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Preocupación argentina por los enfrentamientos entre Armenia y Azerbaiyán|language=Spanish|trans-title=Argentine concern over the clashes between Armenia and Azerbaijan|work=cancilleria.gob.ar|agency=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship]]|url=https://www.cancilleria.gob.ar/es/actualidad/noticias/preocupacion-argentina-por-los-enfrentamientos-entre-armenia-y-azerbaiyan|url-status=live|access-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002033731/https://www.cancilleria.gob.ar/es/actualidad/noticias/preocupacion-argentina-por-los-enfrentamientos-entre-armenia-y-azerbaiyan|archive-date=2 October 2020}}</ref> [[Canada]],<ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=Joint statement by Canada and the United Kingdom on the Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict|work=canada.ca|agency=[[Global Affairs Canada]]|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2020/09/joint-statement-by-canada-and-the-united-kingdom-on-the-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict.html|url-status=live|access-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003214605/https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2020/09/joint-statement-by-canada-and-the-united-kingdom-on-the-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict.html|archive-date=3 October 2020}}</ref> [[Chile]],<ref>{{cite news|date=29 September 2020|title=Chile expresa su preocupación por enfrentamientos entre Armenia y Azerbaiyán|language=Spanish|trans-title=Chile expresses concern over clashes between Armenia and Azerbaijan|work=minrel.gob.cl|agency=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Chile)]]|url=https://minrel.gob.cl/chile-expresa-su-preocupacion-por-enfrentamientos-entre-armenia-y/minrel/2020-09-29/192927.html|url-status=live|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010113831/https://minrel.gob.cl/chile-expresa-su-preocupacion-por-enfrentamientos-entre-armenia-y/minrel/2020-09-29/192927.html|archive-date=10 October 2020}}</ref> [[China]],<ref>{{Cite news|author=Reuters Staff|date=2020-09-28|title=China says hopes Armenia, Azerbaijan resolve differences via talks|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/armenia-azerbaijan-china-idUSB9N2G5048|url-status=live|access-date=2020-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003010737/https://www.reuters.com/article/armenia-azerbaijan-china-idUSB9N2G5048|archive-date=2020-10-03}}</ref> [[Croatia]],<ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=Croatia calls for ceasefire in Nagorno-Karabakh|work=[[N1 (TV channel)|N1]]|location=Zagreb|url=http://hr.n1info.com/English/NEWS/a558425/Croatia-calls-for-ceasefire-in-Nagorno-Karabakh.html|url-status=live|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008211601/http://hr.n1info.com/English/NEWS/a558425/Croatia-calls-for-ceasefire-in-Nagorno-Karabakh.html|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref> [[Estonia]],<ref>{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Estonia plans to initiate UNSC consultations on Nagorno-Karabakh|newspaper=TASS Russian News Agency|url=https://tass.com/world/1205663|url-status=live|access-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001045854/https://tass.com/world/1205663|archive-date=1 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=30 September 2020|title=Riigikogu parliamentary groups express concern for Armenia, Azerbaijan|newspaper=[[Eesti Rahvusringhääling]]|url=https://news.err.ee/1141138/riigikogu-parliamentary-groups-express-concern-for-armenia-azerbaijan|url-status=live|access-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002144352/https://news.err.ee/1141138/riigikogu-parliamentary-groups-express-concern-for-armenia-azerbaijan|archive-date=2 October 2020}}</ref> [[France]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Blamont|first1=Matthias|date=27 September 2020|title=France calls on Armenia, Azerbaijan to end hostilities|agency=[[Reuters]]|editor1-last=Evans|editor1-first=Catherine|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-france/france-calls-on-armenia-azerbaijan-to-end-hostilities-idUSKBN26I0CE|url-status=live|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927122302/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-france/france-calls-on-armenia-azerbaijan-to-end-hostilities-idUSKBN26I0CE|archive-date=27 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="TASS OSCE">{{cite web|title=Putin, Macron, Trump call for talks on Nagorno-Karabakh without preconditions|url=https://tass.com/politics/1207437|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001170317/https://tass.com/politics/1207437|archive-date=1 October 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|website=TASS Russian News Agency|publisher=TASS}}</ref><ref name="FT OSCE">{{cite web|last1=Foy|first1=Henry|last2=Pitel|first2=Laura|last3=Peel|first3=Michael|title=Russia, France and US demand Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire|url=https://www.ft.com/content/3963793e-2530-41b9-a8b9-e3b3c7993f27|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004214204/https://www.ft.com/content/3963793e-2530-41b9-a8b9-e3b3c7993f27|archive-date=4 October 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|website=Financial Times|publisher=The Financial Times, Ltd.}}</ref> [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]],<ref name="Georgia">{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Georgia concerned with resumption of hostilities between Armenia, Azerbaijan|work=Agenda.ge|url=https://agenda.ge/en/news/2020/2991|url-status=dead|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929173856/https://agenda.ge/en/news/2020/2991|archive-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> [[Germany]],<ref name="aj_270920" /> [[Greece]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Simos|first1=Andriana|date=28 September 2020|title=Greece calls on Armenia-Azerbaijan to stop military operations immediately|agency=[[The Greek Herald]]|url=https://greekherald.com.au/news/world/greece-calls-on-armenia-azerbaijan-to-stop-military-operations-immediately/|url-status=live|access-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008203428/https://greekherald.com.au/news/world/greece-calls-on-armenia-azerbaijan-to-stop-military-operations-immediately/|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref> [[India]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-01|title=Armenia-Azerbaijan war rages on for fifth day, India voices concern and calls for restraint|url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/armenia-azerbaijan-war-rages-on-for-fifth-day-india-voices-concern-and-calls-for-restraint-2313878.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002064112/https://zeenews.india.com/india/armenia-azerbaijan-war-rages-on-for-fifth-day-india-voices-concern-and-calls-for-restraint-2313878.html|archive-date=2020-10-02|access-date=2020-10-02|website=Zee News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-02|title=Armenia-Azerbaijan flare-up: India asks all sides to cease hostilities|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/armenia-azerbaijan-flare-up-india-asks-all-sides-to-cease-hostilities-6664061/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004072221/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/armenia-azerbaijan-flare-up-india-asks-all-sides-to-cease-hostilities-6664061/|archive-date=2020-10-04|access-date=2020-10-02|website=The Indian Express}}</ref> [[Indonesia]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Arbar|first1=Thea Fathanah|date=3 October 2020|title=Perang Armenia vs Azerbaijan, Ini Sikap RI|language=id-ID|work=CNBC Indonesia|url=https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20201002105642-4-191144/perang-armenia-vs-azerbaijan-ini-sikap-ri|url-status=live|access-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007202733/https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20201002105642-4-191144/perang-armenia-vs-azerbaijan-ini-sikap-ri|archive-date=7 October 2020}}</ref> [[Iran]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hafezi|first1=Parisa|date=27 September 2020|title=Iran calls for immediate end to the conflict between Armenia, Azerbaijan – TV|agency=[[Reuters]]|editor1-last=Evans|editor1-first=Catherine|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-armenia-azerbaijan-iran-idUKKBN26I0K7|url-status=live|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002033844/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-armenia-azerbaijan-iran-idUKKBN26I0K7|archive-date=2 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="Rouhani FARS">{{cite web|title=Rouhani: Iran Ready to Help Resolve Dispute between Armenia, Azerbaijan|url=https://en.farsnews.ir/13990709000952|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010113834/https://en.farsnews.ir/13990709000952|archive-date=10 October 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|website=FARS News Agency|publisher=FARS News Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=|title=Iran cannot tolerate conflict on its borders: Spox|work=Iran Press|url=https://iranpress.com/content/28215|url-status=live|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010113832/https://iranpress.com/content/28215|archive-date=2020-10-10}}</ref> [[Kazakhstan]],<ref>{{cite web|date=27 September 2020|title=Statement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kazakhstan over the escalation of the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict|url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mfa/press/news/details/zayavlenie-mid-rk-v-svyazi-s-eskalaciey-armyano-azerbaydzhanskogo-konflikta?lang=en|access-date=1 October 2020|agency=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Kazakhstan)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kazakhstan]]}}</ref> [[Latvia]],<ref>{{cite news|date=30 September 2020|title=Latvian minister urges Armenia and Azerbaijan to cease hostilities|newspaper=Vestnik Kavkaza|url=https://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Latvian-minister-urges-Armenia-and-Azerbaijan-to-cease-hostilities.html|url-status=live|access-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002124636/https://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Latvian-minister-urges-Armenia-and-Azerbaijan-to-cease-hostilities.html|archive-date=2 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="LatvLith">{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Lithuanian, Latvian FMs concerned over Armenia's large-scale provocation against Azerbaijan|newspaper=[[Trend News Agency]]|url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3305967.html|url-status=live|access-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929141233/https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3305967.html|archive-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> [[Lithuania]],<ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=Linkevičius: Lithuania calls on Armenia and Azerbaijan to stop military action|newspaper=[[Delfi (web portal)|Delfi]]|url=https://en.delfi.lt/politics/linkevicius-lithuania-calls-on-armenia-and-azerbaijan-to-stop-military-action.d?id=85347055|url-status=live|access-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001030025/https://en.delfi.lt/politics/linkevicius-lithuania-calls-on-armenia-and-azerbaijan-to-stop-military-action.d?id=85347055|archive-date=1 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="LatvLith" /> [[Moldova]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Avanesov|first=Alexander|date=28 September 2020|title=Президент Молдовы призывает Армению и Азербайджан остановить огонь|language=ru|newspaper=Arminfo|url=https://arminfo.info/full_news.php?id=55465}}</ref> [[Poland]],<ref>{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Polish MFA expresses deep concern with reported military clashes around Nagorno-Karabakh|work=en.trend.az|agency=Trend News Agency|url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/karabakh/3306239.html|url-status=live|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008022043/https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/karabakh/3306239.html|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref> [[Romania]],<ref>{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Conflict militar între Armenia și Azerbaidjan în regiunea Nagorno-Karabah|language=ro|newspaper=Radio Europa Liberă România|url=https://romania.europalibera.org/a/conflict-militar-intre-armenia-si-azerbaidjan-in-regiunea-nogorno-karabah/30860686.html|url-status=dead|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003073442/https://romania.europalibera.org/a/conflict-militar-intre-armenia-si-azerbaidjan-in-regiunea-nogorno-karabah/30860686.html|archive-date=3 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Grigoryan|first=Anna|date=27 September 2020|title=Ռումինիան հայկական, ադրբեջանական կողմերին կոչ է անում վերսկսել քաղաքական երկխոսությունը|language=hy|newspaper=[[Armenpress]]|location=[[Yerevan]]|url=https://armenpress.am/arm/news/1029007.html|url-status=live|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008194208/https://armenpress.am/arm/news/1029007.html|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref> [[Russia]],<ref name="TASS OSCE" /><ref name="FT OSCE" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Темникова|first=Ксения|date=27 September 2020|title=Россия призвала Ереван и Баку прекратить огонь в Нагорном Карабахе|url=https://iz.ru/1066007/2020-09-27/rossiia-prizvala-erevan-i-baku-prekratit-ogon-v-nagornom-karabakhe|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001161541/https://iz.ru/1066007/2020-09-27/rossiia-prizvala-erevan-i-baku-prekratit-ogon-v-nagornom-karabakhe|archive-date=2020-10-01|access-date=2020-10-10|website=Известия}}</ref> [[Saudi Arabia]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bahrain News Agency|url=https://www.bna.bh/en/index.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902233604/https://www.bna.bh/en/index.aspx|archive-date=2019-09-02|access-date=2020-09-29|website=bna.bh}}</ref> the United Kingdom,<ref>{{Cite web|last=News|first=Mirage|date=2020-09-29|title=By Canada and United Kingdom on Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict {{!}} Mirage News|url=https://www.miragenews.com/by-canada-and-united-kingdom-on-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict/,%20https://www.miragenews.com/by-canada-and-united-kingdom-on-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict|access-date=2020-09-29|website=miragenews.com|language=en-AU}}</ref> the United States,<ref name="TASS OSCE" /><ref name="FT OSCE" /><ref>{{cite news|last1=Schroeder|first1=Pete|date=27 September 2020|title=U.S. urges immediate halt to violence between Azerbaijan and Armenia|agency=[[Reuters]]|editor1-last=Cooney|editor1-first=Peter|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-usa/u-s-urges-immediate-halt-to-violence-between-azerbaijan-and-armenia-idUSKBN26I0YO?il=0|url-status=live|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927235301/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-usa/u-s-urges-immediate-halt-to-violence-between-azerbaijan-and-armenia-idUSKBN26I0YO?il=0|archive-date=27 September 2020}}</ref> [[Uruguay]],<ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=Gobierno del Uruguay expresa preocupación por escalada de violencia en la región de Nagorno – Karabaj|language=Spanish|trans-title=Government of Uruguay expresses concern over escalation of violence in the Nagorno-Karabakh region|work=gub.uy|agency=[[Ministry of Foreign Relations (Uruguay)]]|url=https://www.gub.uy/ministerio-relaciones-exteriores/comunicacion/noticias/gobierno-del-uruguay-expresa-preocupacion-escalada-violencia-region-nagorno|url-status=live|access-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002043026/https://www.gub.uy/ministerio-relaciones-exteriores/comunicacion/noticias/gobierno-del-uruguay-expresa-preocupacion-escalada-violencia-region-nagorno|archive-date=2 October 2020}}</ref> and the [[Holy See]],<ref name="aj_270920" /> have called for a peaceful resolution to the conflict. [[Afghanistan]] called for an end to Armenian occupation in Nagorno-Karabakh while calling for a cease-fire, urging the parties involved to resolve the long-standing crisis peacefully.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=|title=Kabul calls for end to occupation in Nagorno-Karabakh|work=Anadolu Agency|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/kabul-calls-for-end-to-occupation-in-nagorno-karabakh/1989233|url-status=live|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009050347/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/kabul-calls-for-end-to-occupation-in-nagorno-karabakh/1989233|archive-date=2020-10-09}}</ref> [[Bosniaks|Bosniak]] [[List of members of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina|member]] of the [[Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] [[Šefik Džaferović]] and the leader of the [[Party of Democratic Action]], [[Bakir Izetbegović]], voiced support for Azerbaijan, condemning Armenia and comparing the situation with the 1992–1995 [[Bosnian War]].<ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=Džaferović i Izetbegović podupiru Azerbajdžan i osuđuju Armeniju, nadaju se trajnom rješenju|work=[[Jutarnji list]]|location=[[Zagreb]]|url=https://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/svijet/dzaferovic-i-izetbegovic-podupiru-azerbajdzan-i-osuduju-armeniju-nadaju-se-trajnom-rjesenju-15021822|url-status=live|access-date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929073846/https://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/svijet/dzaferovic-i-izetbegovic-podupiru-azerbajdzan-i-osuduju-armeniju-nadaju-se-trajnom-rjesenju-15021822|archive-date=29 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=28 September 2020|title=Afghanistan backs Azerbaijan in its clashes with Armenia|url=https://menafn.com/1100870261/Afghanistan-backs-Azerbaijan-in-its-clashes-with-Armenia|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008000732/https://menafn.com/1100870261/Afghanistan-backs-Azerbaijan-in-its-clashes-with-Armenia|archive-date=8 October 2020|access-date=10 October 2020}}</ref> [[Cyprus]] condemned Azerbaijan for breaching [[Bishkek Protocol|the ceasefire]] and for any escalating actions, calling for a return to peaceful negotiations.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Press Releases Article – PIO|url=https://www.pio.gov.cy/en/press-releases-article.html?id=15921|access-date=2020-10-18|website=pio.gov.cy|language=en}}</ref>
The unrecognized or partially recognized countries of [[Transnistria]], [[Abkhazia]] and [[South Ossetia]] recognize the independence of the Republic of Artsakh and have expressed support for it.<ref name="AbkTransOss">{{cite news|last=Shariy|first=Vitaly|date=29 September 2020|title=Карабахская "разморозка": реакция из Абхазии|language=ru|newspaper=Echo of the Caucasus|url=https://www.ekhokavkaza.com/a/30864802.html|url-status=live|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003063322/https://www.ekhokavkaza.com/a/30864802.html|archive-date=3 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=Глава МИД Приднестровья поддержал коллегу из Нагорного Карабаха|language=ru|newspaper=EADaily|url=https://eadaily.com/ru/news/2020/09/28/glava-mid-pridnestrovya-podderzhal-kollegu-iz-nagornogo-karabaha|url-status=live|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930232254/https://eadaily.com/ru/news/2020/09/28/glava-mid-pridnestrovya-podderzhal-kollegu-iz-nagornogo-karabaha|archive-date=30 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=The Pridnestrovian MFA's statement on the armed conflict escalation between Azerbaijan and the Republic of Artsakh|publisher=[[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Transnistria)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]|url=http://mfa-pmr.org/en/node/8166|url-status=live|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008062934/http://mfa-pmr.org/en/node/8166|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2 October 2020|title=Парламент Абхазии обеспокоен резким обострением конфликта в Нагорном Карабахе|language=ru|newspaper=NEWS.am|url=https://news.am/rus/news/605604.html|url-status=live|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008002233/https://news.am/rus/news/605604.html|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Южная Осетия призвала мировое сообщество остановить военный конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе|language=ru|newspaper=[[Kommersant]]|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4509726|url-status=live|access-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930002526/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4509726|archive-date=30 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=29 September 2020|title=Парламент Южной Осетии осудил "реваншистские действия" Баку против Арцаха|language=ru|newspaper=EADaily|url=https://eadaily.com/ru/news/2020/09/29/parlament-yuzhnoy-osetii-osudil-revanshistskie-deystviya-baku-protiv-arcaha|url-status=live|access-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008212004/https://eadaily.com/ru/news/2020/09/29/parlament-yuzhnoy-osetii-osudil-revanshistskie-deystviya-baku-protiv-arcaha|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref>
The Russian-Armenian film director [[Sarik Andreasyan]] accused Ukraine by addressing the [[President of Ukraine]] [[Volodymyr Zelensky]] in suppling [[Azerbaijan]] with [[phosphorus bomb]]s. Zelensky answered his post in [[Instagram]] by denying any involvement in the conflict.<ref>Daryna Antoniuk. ''[https://www.kyivpost.com/ukraine-politics/russian-media-accuses-ukraine-of-selling-banned-weapon-to-azerbaijan-zelensky-denies.html Zelensky dismisses fake news about Ukraine selling chemical weapons to Azerbaijan]''. [[Kyiv Post]]. 3 November 2020</ref><ref>[https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/700838.html Ukraine does not support war, unlike another well-known country – Zelensky responses to Andreasyan's accusations]. [[Interfax-Ukraine]]. 3 November 2020</ref>
===Humanitarian organizations===
Human rights groups have objected to the use of heavy explosive weapons with wide-area effects in densely populated civilian areas and urged both sides to end the conflict and join the Convention on Cluster Munitions.<ref name="amnestyintl">{{cite web |title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: Use of artillery salvos and ballistic missiles in populated areas must stop immediately |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/10/armenia-azerbaijan-use-of-artillery-salvos-and-ballistic-missiles-in-populated-areas-must-stop-immediately/ |website=amnesty.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: Don’t Attack Civilians |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/09/30/armenia/azerbaijan-dont-attack-civilians |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en |date=30 September 2020}}</ref> Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have criticized Azerbaijan<ref name=amnestyintl/><ref>{{cite web |title=Azerbaijan: Cluster Munitions Used in Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/10/23/azerbaijan-cluster-munitions-used-nagorno-karabakh |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en |date=23 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: Civilians must be protected from use of banned cluster bombs |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/10/armenia-azerbaijan-civilians-must-be-protected-from-use-of-banned-cluster-bombs/ |website=amnesty.org |language=en}}</ref> and Armenia<ref>{{cite web |title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: First confirmed use of cluster munitions by Armenia ‘cruel and reckless’ |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/10/armenia-azerbaijan-first-confirmed-use-of-cluster-munitions-by-armenia-cruel-and-reckless/ |website=amnesty.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name=nkrforces /> for the use of cluster munitions.
=== Minorities abroad ===
==== Armenians ====
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| image1 = Pro-Armenian Protest in the USA.jpg
| width1 = 160
| image2 = Protesta pro-Armènia a Barcelona.jpg
| width2 = 210
| footer = [[Armenian diaspora]] held numerous protests globally in support of Armenia and Artsakh (pictured in [[Los Angeles]] (''left'') and [[Barcelona]] (''right'')).
}}
Ethnic Armenian populations around the world have lobbied for peace negotiations.<ref name=":16" /> On 1 October, the South Ossetian Armenian community condemned Azerbaijan and Turkey, urging recognition of Artsakh's independence.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://cominf.org/en/node/1166532516|title=The Armenian community in South Ossetia calls on the world community to condemn the actions of Azerbaijan against the Republic of Artsakh|publisher=State Information and Press Committee of South Ossetia|date=1 October 2020|access-date=4 October 2020|archive-date=7 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007230233/http://cominf.org/en/node/1166532516|url-status=live}}</ref> The next day, [[Armenians in Samtskhe–Javakheti]], in Georgia, expressed concern and their intention to send aid.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://jam-news.net/georgia-javakheti-saakashvili-armenia-azerbaijan-karabakh-war/|title=How the escalation in Karabakh has affected Armenians living in Georgia|last=Ayvazyan|first=Aghunik|newspaper=JAMnews|date=2 October 2020|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008205259/https://jam-news.net/georgia-javakheti-saakashvili-armenia-azerbaijan-karabakh-war/|url-status=live}}</ref> Subsequently, Georgia closed its [[Armenia–Georgia border|border with Armenia]], indicating frustration within Georgia's Armenian minority.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lomsadze|first1=Giorgi|date=6 October 2020|title=Armenia and Azerbaijan to Georgian mediation: Thanks, but no thanks|work=Eurasianet|url=https://eurasianet.org/armenia-and-azerbaijan-to-georgian-mediation-thanks-but-no-thanks|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=7 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007004340/https://eurasianet.org/armenia-and-azerbaijan-to-georgian-mediation-thanks-but-no-thanks|url-status=live}}</ref> Croatia's Armenian diaspora's leader asked for support against what she described as a genocide against the Armenians.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 October 2020 |title=Armenci u Hrvatskoj: 'Ne tražimo pomoć, nego samo podršku da se ne dogodi genocid' |url=https://www.sibenik.in/svijet/armenci-u-hrvatskoj-ne-trazimo-pomoc-nego-samo-podrsku-da-se-ne-dogodi-genocid/128100.html# |work=Šibenik.hr |location=Šibenik |access-date= |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008201433/https://www.sibenik.in/svijet/armenci-u-hrvatskoj-ne-trazimo-pomoc-nego-samo-podrsku-da-se-ne-dogodi-genocid/128100.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On 5 October, [[Armenian Americans]] protested outside the [[Los Angeles]] (LA) [[CNN]] building, calling for more accurate coverage.<ref>{{cite news|date=5 October 2020|title=Armenian protesters in L.A. decry 'false equivalence' in media coverage of conflict|work=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-10-05/armenian-protesters-in-l-a-decry-violence-in-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=2020-10-10|archive-date=2020-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009055040/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-10-05/armenian-protesters-in-l-a-decry-violence-in-nagorno-karabakh|url-status=live}}</ref> On 11 October, the LA community held a 100,000-person strong protest march to the Turkish Consulate, in tandem with smaller protests in [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]], [[San Francisco]], [[New York City]], [[Boston]] and elsewhere in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-12|title=Tens of thousands protest outside L.A.'s Turkish Consulate in solidarity with Armenia|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-10-11/armenian-protest-turkish-consulate|access-date=2020-10-13|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Sennott|first1=Adam|last2=Lotan|first2=Gal Tziperman|date=11 October 2020|title='America has to do something': Local Armenian Americans protest Azerbaijan conflict |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/10/11/metro/local-armenian-americans-protest-turkish-conflict/|access-date=2020-10-13|work=The Boston Globe|language=en-US}}</ref> LA's mayor expressed support for Armenia and the city's Armenian community by lighting up [[Los Angeles City Hall|City Hall]] with the [[Armenian flag]]'s colours.<ref>{{cite web| title =We stand with the people of Armenia – Los Angeles Mayor| work =[[Public Radio of Armenia]]| date =October 5, 2020 | url =https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/05/we-stand-with-the-people-of-armenia-los-angeles-mayor/| access-date =October 15, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title =LA city hall building is illuminated with colors of Armenian flag| work =News.am| date = October 15, 2020| url =https://news.am/eng/news/607963.html| access-date =October 15, 2020}}</ref> A protest was held in [[Orange County, California|Orange Country]] during President Trump's pre-election rally calling on him to sanction Turkey and Azerbaijan; Trump praised them by saying, "the people from Armenia have great spirit for their country".<ref>{{cite web|title=Rally held in OC, Armenian community calling on President Trump to sanction Turkey, Azerbaijan|url=https://www.foxla.com/news/rally-held-in-oc-armenian-community-calling-on-president-trump-to-sanction-turkey-azerbaijan|work=[[KTTV]]|date=19 October 2020|access-date=19 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Trump: Armenians have a great spirit for their country|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1032038|work=Armenpress|date=19 October 2020|access-date=19 October 2020}}</ref> Protests have occurred all over Europe demanding recognition of Artsakh's independence, with the largest rallies held in [[Paris]], France and in front the [[Justus Lipsius building|Council of the European Union]] in [[Brussels]], Belgium.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Այլևս երբեք-ի ի՞նչն է անհասկանալի. Սփյուռքը պահանջում է զսպել թուրք-ադրբեջանական ագրեսիան, պատերազմը լուսաբանել օբյեկտիվ|url=http://armtimes.com/hy/article/198456|access-date=2020-10-13|website=Armtimes.com|language=hy |trans-title=Diaspora demands to curb Turkish-Azerbaijani aggression, to cover war objectively}}</ref> A major rally was held in [[Aleppo]], Syria by Armenians and Syrians condemning Azerbaijan and Turkey.<ref>{{cite web|title=Thousands of Armenians and Arabs protest in Syria, condemn Azerbaijani-Turkish aggression|url=https://news.am/eng/news/609908.html|work=News.am|date=26 October 2020|access-date=27 October 2020}}</ref> Armenian communities have also protested globally, notably in Argentina,<ref name=":19">{{cite web|title=Armenians in Argentina decry Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/2000291/armenians-in-argentina-decry-nagorno-karabakh-conflict|work=Bangkog Post|date=11 October 2020|access-date=18 October 2020}}</ref> Australia,<ref>{{cite web|date=18 October 2020|title=Սիդնեյում հայ համայնքի ներկայացուցիչները փակել են կամուրջը՝ ի նշան Ադրբեջանի ագրեսիայի դեմ բողոքի|url=https://news.am/arm/news/608526.html|access-date=18 October 2020|work=Nees.am}}</ref> Canada,<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian Montrealers protest in front of Montreal City Hall|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/7400443/armenian-montrealers-protest-montreal-city-hall/|work=Global News|date=15 October 2020|access-date=18 October 2020}}</ref> and Uruguay.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ուրուգվայի հայ համայնքի հարյուրավոր ներկայացուցիչներ բողոքի ակցիայի են դուրս եկել|url=https://www.shantnews.am/news/view/778494.html|work=Shant News|date=8 October 2020|access-date=18 October 2020}}</ref>
In October 2020, an organized email campaign by the Armenians resulted in hundreds of emails being sent to [[SpaceX]] and the media requesting that SpaceX cancel their upcoming satellite launch for Turkey. SpaceX did not respond.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Coldeway |first1=Devin |title=Armenian email campaign asks SpaceX not to aid Turkish regime with satellite launch |url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/10/27/armenian-email-campaign-asks-spacex-not-to-aid-turkish-regime-with-satellite-launch/ |website=techcrunch.com |access-date=October 29, 2020 |date=October 27, 2020}}</ref> On October 29, 2020, several hundred Armenians gathered outside SpaceX headquarters in Los Angeles to protest the launch of the Turkish satellite and to persuade SpaceX from doing so. Protesters believe the satellite could be used for military purposes. SpaceX has still not responded and representatives refused to speak to the news.<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=October 30, 2020|title=Armenian community protests at SpaceX HQ in Hawthorne over Turkish satellite launch|url=https://abc7.com/armenian-protest-turkey-spacex-turksat/7468290/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=October 30, 2020|website=|publisher=ABC 7}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Habeshian|first1=Sareen|date=29 October 2020|title=Armenian Americans protest outside SpaceX headquarters in Hawthorne, call on Elon Musk to nix satellite launch for Turkish government|url=https://ktla.com/news/armenian-americans-protest-outside-spacex-headquarters-in-hawthorne-call-on-elon-musk-to-nix-satellite-launch-for-turkish-government/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=30 October 2020|website=|publisher=KTLA}}</ref>
On 4 November, around 8:30 p.m. local time, allegedly a group of six to eight Armenian men between 20 and 30 years old walked into a Turkish restaurant on [[Beverly Drive|South Beverly Drive]], saying that they came to "kill the Turks",<ref name="istanbulcafeattack" /> began destroying property inside the establishment and physically attacking the employees both inside and in an alley outside.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Christina |last=Gonzalez |url=https://www.foxla.com/news/beverly-hills-police-investigating-hate-crime-against-turkish-restaurant |title=Beverly Hills police investigating hate crime against Turkish restaurant |date=6 November 2020 |access-date=6 November 2020 |language=en |work=[[KTTV|Fox 11 Los Angeles]] }}</ref> The victims sustained minor injuries and refused medical treatment at the scene.<ref name="istanbulcafeattack">{{Cite web |url=https://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2020/11/05/beverly-hills-hate-crime-restaurant-pro-armenia/ |title=Police Investigating Hate Crime At Beverly Hills Restaurant That Left Employees With Minor Injuries |date=5 November 2020 |access-date=6 November 2020 |language=en |work=[[KCBS-TV|CBS Los Angeles]] }}</ref> [[Beverly Hills Police Department]] began investigating the incident as a [[hate crime]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.foxla.com/video/868057 |title=Hate crime being investigated at Beverly Hills Turkish restaurant |date=6 November 2020 |access-date=6 November 2020 |language=en |work=[[KTTV|Fox 11 Los Angeles]] }}</ref> Beverly Hills Mayor called it an "unacceptable act of hate and violence", adding that there was "no place for this behavior.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Michael |last=Wittner |url=https://patch.com/california/beverlyhills/beverly-hills-cops-investigate-armenia-related-hate-crime |title=Beverly Hills Investigating Attack At Turkish Restaurant |date=5 November 2020 |access-date=6 November 2020 |language=en |work=[[Patch (website)|Patch]] }}</ref> [[Embassy of Turkey, Washington, D.C.|Turkey's ambassador to US]], strongly condemned the attack, calling [[Mayor of Los Angeles|Los Angeles Mayor]] to do the same, and urging federal and local authorities to protect [[Turkish Americans]] there.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.yenisafak.com/en/news/turkish-envoy-slams-us-senator-over-remarks-3552487 |title=Turkish envoy slams US senator over remarks |date=6 November 2020 |access-date=6 November 2020 |language=en |work=[[Yeni Şafak]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first1=Servet |last1=Gunerigok |first2=Ovunc |last2=Kutlu |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/turkeys-us-envoy-condemns-attack-on-turkish-restaurant/2033941 |title=Turkey's US envoy condemns attack on Turkish restaurant |date=6 November 2020 |access-date=6 November 2020 |language=en |agency=[[Anadolu Agency]] }}</ref>
On September 27, a nationwide fundraising campaign was launched by [[Armenia Fund]] under the motto "We and Our Borders: All for Artsakh"; getting more than $150 million donations in a month.<ref>{{cite web|title=‘’Hayastan’’ All-Armenian Fund initiates fund-raising for Artsakh|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029057/|work=Armenpress|date=27 September 2020|access-date=27 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Donations to Hayastan All-Armenian Fund exceed $150 million|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/26/donations-to-hayastan-all-armenian-fund-exceed-150-million/|work=Public Radio of Armenia|date=26 October 2020|access-date=27 October 2020}}</ref> On October 28, an online musical event featuring Armenian and foreign artists was held to raise awareness and funds for Artsakh.<ref>{{cite web|title=Iconic musicians unite for Concert for Artsakh|url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/10/22/2112977/0/en/Iconic-musicians-unite-for-Concert-for-Artsakh|work=[[GlobeNewswire]]|date=22 October 2020|access-date=27 October 2020}}</ref>
==== Azerbaijanis and Turks ====
{{Undue weight section|date=November 2020}}
[[File:Azerbaijanis and Turks organize a demonstration of support for Azerbaijan in Nagorno-Karabakh conflicts, Beyazıt Square, Istanbul.jpg|thumb|right|[[Turkish people|Turks]] and [[Azerbaijanis in Turkey|Azerbaijanis]] demonstrating in support of Azerbaijan in [[Turkey]].]]
On 1 October, [[Ali Khamenei]]'s representatives in [[Iranian Azerbaijan|four provinces]] ([[Ardabil Province|Ardabil]], [[East Azerbaijan Province|East Azerbaijan]], [[West Azerbaijan Province|West Azerbaijan]] and [[Zanjan Province|Zanjan]]) stated that Nagorno-Karabakh belonged to Azerbaijan, that there was a need to return the territory, and that Azerbaijan's government had acted in accordance with the law.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran-54342771|title=نمایندگان آیتالله خامنهای در چهار استان: قرهباغ متعلق به جمهوری آذربایجان است|date=1 October 2020|publisher=[[BBC News]]|language=fa|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004074442/https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran-54342771|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="spokesman">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran-54433131|title=دولت ایران: ارمنستان باید 'مناطق اشغالی' جمهوری آذربایجان را تخلیه کند|date=6 October 2020|publisher=[[BBC News]]|language=fa|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010113903/https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran-54433131|url-status=live}}</ref> The next day, several protests erupted in Iranian cities, including the capital [[Tehran]] and [[Tabriz]], in support of Azerbaijan. [[Iranian Azerbaijani]] demonstrators chanted pro-Azerbaijan slogans.<ref>{{cite news |title=Iran fears spillover from Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.dw.com/en/iran-fears-spillover-from-nagorno-karabakh/a-55250556 |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=12 October 2020}}</ref> The local security forces intervened, detaining at least 38 people.<ref>{{cite web|date=2 October 2020|title=Protests Erupt In Iran Backing Azerbaijan In Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/protests-erupt-in-iran-backing-azerbaijan-in-nagorno-karabakh-conflict/30870217.html|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009193448/https://www.rferl.org/a/protests-erupt-in-iran-backing-azerbaijan-in-nagorno-karabakh-conflict/30870217.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The same day, around 50 Azerbaijani representatives from the 5,000-strong community in Moldova expressed their support for Azerbaijan in the capital [[Chișinău]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://azertag.az/es/xeber/1601971|title=Los azerbaiyanos de Moldova expresaron su apoyo al ejército azerbaiyano|newspaper=Azerbaijan State News Agency|date=2 October 2020|access-date=4 October 2020|language=es|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008080314/https://azertag.az/es/xeber/1601971|url-status=live}}</ref> On 3 October, [[Azerbaijanis in Georgia]] indicated a readiness to fight for Azerbaijan and the desire that Azerbaijan retake Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref>{{cite news|last=Amirjanova|first=Shalala|date=2 October 2020|title=Azerbaijanis in Georgia ready to fight for Azerbaijan – report from Marneuli|newspaper=JAMnews|url=https://jam-news.net/georgia-azerbaijanis-conflict-in-karabakh/|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008152558/https://jam-news.net/georgia-azerbaijanis-conflict-in-karabakh/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 16 October, [[Azerbaijanis in the United Kingdom|Azerbaijanis]], Iranian Azerbaijanis, and [[Turks in the United Kingdom|Turks]] living in the United Kingdom gathered in front of [[Amnesty International]]'s [[London]] headquarters and held a protest rally, condemning the shelling of residential areas and civilians in Ganja, Mingachevir, Tartar, and other regions.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Azerbaijanis-living-in-Britain-hold-protest-rally-in-front-of-Amnesty-International-building-colorredPHOTOcolor-333101 |title=Azerbaijanis living in Britain hold protest rally in front of Amnesty International building – PHOTO |date=11 October 2020 |access-date=18 October 2020 |website=APA.az |language=en }}</ref> The next day, [[Azerbaijani Americans]] held a rally in [[Chicago]], condemning the [[2020 Ganja ballistic missile attacks|attacks on Ganja]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/social-news/Rally-condemning-Ganja-terror-held-in-Illinois-state-of-US-333186 |title=Rally condemning Ganja terror held in Illinois state of US |date=17 October 2020 |access-date=18 October 2020 |website=APA.az |language=en }}</ref> The following day, [[Azerbaijanis in the United Kingdom|British Azerbaijanis]] commemorated those killed during the attacks in front of the [[Embassy of Azerbaijan, London|Azerbaijani embassy in London]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/europe/People-who-were-killed-in-Ganja-commemorated-in-front-of-Azerbaijani-Embassy-in-Great-Britain-333252 |title=People, who were killed in Ganja, commemorated in front of Azerbaijani Embassy in Great Britain |date=18 October 2020 |access-date=18 October 2020 |website=APA.az |language=en }}</ref> while [[Azerbaijanis in Georgia|Georgian Azerbaijanis]] held a rally in front the [[Georgian Parliament Building (Tbilisi)|Parliament Building]] in [[Tbilisi]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/foreign-news/Campaign-in-support-to-Azerbaijan-held-in-front-of-parliament-building-in-Tbilisi-colorredPHOTOSESSIONcolor-333268 |title=Campaign in support to Azerbaijan held in front of parliament building in Tbilisi – PHOTOSESSION |date=18 October 2020 |access-date=18 October 2020 |website=APA.az |language=en }}</ref> On the same day, [[Azerbaijanis in Russia|Russian Azerbaijanis]] dedicated part of the entrance door of [[Embassy of Azerbaijan in Moscow|Azerbaijan's embassy to Russia]] in [[Moscow]] to the memory of the victims of the 17 October attack.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/foreign-news/Victims-of-act-of-terrorism-committed-by-Armenia-in-Azerbaijans-Ganja-city-were-commemorated-in-Moscow-333276 |title=Victims of act of terrorism committed by Armenia in Azerbaijan’s Ganja city were commemorated in Moscow |date=18 October 2020 |access-date=18 October 2020 |website=APA.az |language=en }}</ref> Protests erupted in Tabriz, with many Iranian Azerbaijanis chanting pro-Azerbaijani slogans and protesting Iran's alleged arms support to Armenia via the [[Nurduz|Nordooz]] border crossing.<ref>{{cite news |title=Iran on edge as Azeri minority backs Karabakh war |url=https://asiatimes.com/2020/10/iran-on-edge-as-azeri-minority-backs-karabakh-war/ |work=[[Asia Times]] |date=8 October 2020}}</ref> Iranian security forces intervened, detaining over 200 people.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/tebrizde-qarabaga-destek-mitinqi/5626266.html |title=Təbrizdə keçirilən aksiyada İran-Ermənistan sərhəd məntəqəsinin qapadılması tələb edilib |publisher=[[Voice of America]] |date=18 October 2020 |access-date=19 October 2020 |language=az }}</ref> On 23 October, American Azerbaijanis gathered in a pro-Trump rally and voiced their support for Azerbaijan,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/karabakh/3322267.html |title=The slogan "Karabakh is Azerbaijan" was raised at the rally of the US President |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] |date=23 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref> while in [[San Francisco]] and [[Minnesota]], Azerbaijanis rallied and condemned Armenia for "the ballistic missile attacks" on cities.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/society/3323334.html |title=US Azerbaijanis hold protest in San Francisco against Armenian terror (PHOTOS) |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] |date=25 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3324164.html |title=Azerbaijani compatriots living in Minnesota hold protest rally (PHOTO) |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] |date=26 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3324163.html |title=Azerbaijanis hold rally in California, condemning Armenian terror (PHOTO) |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] |date=26 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref> On 26 October, Azerbaijanis organized rallies in [[Bielefeld]], [[Germany]], and [[Copenhagen]], [[Denmark]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3324148.html |title=Protest rally against Armenian attack on Ganja held in Bielefeld, Germany (PHOTO) |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] |date=26 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3324157.html |title=Azerbaijanis in Denmark hold protest rally against Armenian terror (PHOTO) |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] |date=26 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref>
Amid tensions among protesters over Nagorno-Karabakh, dozens of Turks and Azerbaijanis marched through the streets of [[Lyon]], France in the evening of 28 October 2020 and chanted pro-Erdogan slogans while threatening Armenians.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=2020-10-29|title=Video shows Turkish and Azeri nationals ‘looking for Armenians’ in France|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/turks-azeris-lyon-france-armenians-vienne-video-b1422175.html|access-date=2020-11-02|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-10-28|title="Where are the Armenians?!" : punitive expedition of dozens of Turks in the streets of Décines|url=https://www.lyonmag.com/article/111100/8220-vous-etes-ou-les-armeniens-8221-expedition-punitive-de-dizaines-de-turcs-dans-les-rues-de-decines|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-11-02|website=Lyonmag.com|language=fr-FR}}</ref> It followed clashes between members of France's Turkish and Armenian communities on a motorway connecting Lyon and Marseille on Wednesday morning. A demonstration of support for Armenia led to the blocking of the A7 motorway. Four were wounded after violence broke out, including a 23-year-old Armenian who was hospitalized after receiving a hammer blow.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=After clashes between Armenians and Turks on the A7, clashes spread to Vienna and the suburbs of Lyon {{!}} En24 World|url=https://www.en24news.com/2020/10/after-clashes-between-armenians-and-turks-on-the-a7-clashes-spread-to-vienna-and-the-suburbs-of-lyon.html|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-11-02|website=|language=en-US}}</ref> A few days later, the [[Lyon Armenian Genocide Memorial]] was vandalized with pro-Turkey graffiti and insults by the [[Grey Wolves (organization)|Grey Wolves]], a Turkish ultranationalistic group.<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=1 November 2020|title=Lyon: le mémorial du génocide arménien profané par des tags pro-Turquie|url=https://www.nouvelobs.com/societe/20201101.OBS35493/lyon-le-memorial-du-genocide-armenien-profane-par-des-tags-pro-turquie.html|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2 November 2020|work=[[L'Obs]]}}</ref> Following the memorial's vandalisation, France banned the Grey Wolves and enhanced security near Armenian schools and churches in Lyon.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/france-bans-turkish-ultra-nationalist-grey-wolves-group/a-55503469|title=France bans Turkish ultra-nationalist Grey Wolves group|work=[[Deutsche Welle]]|date=4 November 2020|accessdate=5 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lyoncapitale.fr/actualite/rhone-presence-militaire-renforcee-pres-des-etablissements-scolaires-et-lieux-de-culte-armeniens/|title=Rhône : sécurité renforcée près des établissements scolaires et lieux de culte arméniens|work=Lyon Capitale|date=5 November 2020|accessdate=5 November 2020}}</ref>
=== Sports ===
Due to the conflict, [[UEFA]] announced that the [[2020–21 UEFA Nations League C]] home matches of Armenia and Azerbaijan would no longer be hosted in the countries; instead [[Armenia national football team|Armenia]] will play their designated "home" game in [[Tychy]], Poland; while [[Azerbaijan national football team|Azerbaijan]] will play in [[Elbasan]], Albania.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/sports/international-soccer-games-moved-from-armenia-azerbaijan-1.5134331 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-10-10 |archive-date=2020-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010113903/https://www.ctvnews.ca/sports/international-soccer-games-moved-from-armenia-azerbaijan-1.5134331 |url-status=live }}</ref>
On 31 October 2020, the [[Football Federation of Armenia|Armenian Football Federation]] called on [[FIFA]] and UEFA for sanctions against Azerbaijani club [[Qarabağ FK]], after its PR and media manager made a [[Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan|hate speech]] on social network calling to "kill all the Armenians, old and young, without distinction".<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian Football Federation Complains About Qarabag 'Hate' Post|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/armenian-football-federation-complains-about-qarabag-hate-post-01604170205|work=[[Barron's (newspaper)|Barron's]]|date=31 October 2020|access-date=1 November 2020}}</ref> The next day, he was punished in an administrative manner for the calls he made expressing cruelty against another nation and inciting national, racial or religious hatred while behaving emotionally on social network.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/accidents-incidents-news/Person-making-harmful-calls-on-social-networks-was-punished-in-administrative-manner-334490 |title=Person making harmful calls on social networks was punished in administrative manner |agency=[[Azeri Press Agency]] |date=1 November 2020 |access-date=1 November 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.is/6oQFW |archive-date=1 November 2020 }}</ref> UEFA announced that it has banned the Qarabağ official for the "racist and other discriminatory conduct” targeting Armenians.<ref>{{cite web|title=UEFA To Investigate Qarabag 'Hate' Post Targeting Armenians|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/uefa-to-investigate-qarabag-hate-post-targeting-armenians-01604337304|work=Barron's|date=2 November 2020|access-date=3 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1758476/sport|title=UEFA ban Qarabag official for Armenia comments|work=Arab News|date=4 November 2020|accessdate=5 November 2020}}</ref>
=== Celebrities ===
Celebrities have commented on the conflict, with some amending their initial positions, including [[Cardi B]] and [[Elton John]] who subsequently claimed that they were not taking any sides.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ghazanchyan|first1=Siranush|date=October 5, 2020|title=Elton John calls attention to Azerbaijani-Turkish aggression against Artsakh|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/05/elton-john-calls-attention-to-azerbaijani-turkish-aggression-against-artsakh/|access-date=October 15, 2020|website=Public Radio of Armenia|publisher=Public Radio of Armenia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=ZORNOSA|first1=LAURA|date=October 7, 2020|title=Cardi B apologizes for misstep and asks for peace in Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/music/story/2020-10-07/cardi-b-armenia-fundraiser-twitter-apology|access-date=October 15, 2020|website=Los Angeles Times|publisher=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Those in favor of Armenia include [[Mel Gibson]], [[Ronda Rousey]], [[Henrikh Mkhitaryan]], [[Peter Gabriel]], [[Sean Penn]], [[Michael B. Jordan]], [[Kylie Jenner]], [[Tinashe]] and [[Cher]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mel Gibson expresses solidarity with Armenians amid Azerbaijan’s aggression against Nagorno-Karabakh (Artsakh) |url=https://gagrule.net/mel-gibson-expresses-solidarity-with-armenians-amid-azerbaijans-aggression-against-nagorno-karabakh-artsak |website=gagrule.net |access-date=October 29, 2020 |date=October 27, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=‘Armenians are being slaughtered by Trump pal Erdogan’ – US actor Sean Penn |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1032634.html |publisher=Armen Press |access-date=October 27, 2020 |date=October 24, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Peter Gabriel's Comments on Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict |url=https://en.168.am/2020/10/07/39778.html |website=168.am |publisher=168.am |access-date=October 15, 2020 |date=October 7, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Zonrnosa |first1=Laura |title=Why these Armenian American celebs are speaking out about a chronic conflict |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/story/2020-10-08/kardashians-armenian-american-celebs-talk-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict-online |website=Los Angeles Times |publisher=Los Angeles Times |access-date=October 15, 2020 |date=October 8, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Former UFC champ Ronda Rousey shows solidarity with Armenia over conflict with Azerbaijan|url=https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2020/10/6/21504324/former-ufc-champ-ronda-rousey-solidarity-armenia-conflict-azerbaijan-news|access-date=October 14, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Ghazanchyan|first1=Siranush|date=October 3, 2020|title=Henrikh Mkhitaryan: Stop aggression against Armenians and global peace|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/03/henrikh-mkhitaryan-stop-aggression-against-armenians-and-global-peace/|access-date=October 15, 2020|publisher=Public Radio of Armenia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Hollywood star Michael B Jordan expresses support to Armenia|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1030977/|access-date=October 14, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Tinashe Twitter|url=https://mobile.twitter.com/Tinashe/status/1313991236550787077|access-date=October 16, 2020}}</ref> [[Kim Kardashian]] and other Kardashians have posted video messages in support of Armenia; donating $1 million to the [[Armenia Fund]].<ref name="kimk">{{cite web|last1=Shafer|first1=Ellise|date=October 11, 2020|title=Kim Kardashian West Donates $1 Million to Armenia Fund Amid Ongoing Conflict With Azerbaijan|url=https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/kim-kardashian-west-armenia-donation-azerbaijan-1234800606/|access-date=October 14, 2020|website=Variety|publisher=Variety}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kim Kardashian West donates $1 million to Armenia Fund |url=https://www.msn.com/en-gb/entertainment/celebrity/kim-kardashian-west-donates-dollar1-million-to-armenia-fund/ar-BB19WD9j |website=MSN |publisher=MSN |access-date=October 14, 2020 |date=October 12, 2020}}</ref> Rapper [[Kanye West]] posted a tweet stated he would pray for Armenia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kanye West: Praying for Armenia|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/09/29/kanye-west-praying-for-armenia/|access-date=October 14, 2020}}</ref> Armenian-American rock band [[System of a Down]] released their first material in 15 years since 2005 album ''[[Hypnotize (album)|Hypnotize]]'', "[[Protect the Land]]" and "[[Genocidal Humanoidz]]" in response to the crisis. They used the singles as a fundraiser for the [[Armenia Fund]], with the intention to raise awareness of the war.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/system-of-a-down-new-songs-protect-the-land-genocidal-humanoidz-1085942/|title=Hear System of a Down’s First New Music in 15 Years, ‘Protect the Land’ and ‘Genocidal Humanoidz’|publisher=[[Rolling Stone]]|last=Grow|first=Kory|date=6 November 2020|accessdate=6 November 2020}}</ref>
[[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] footballer [[Mesut Özil]] and singer [[Sami Yusuf]] tweeted,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20201014-arsenals-ozil-favors-azerbaijan-in-karabakh-dispute/|title=Arsenal's Ozil favours Azerbaijan in Karabakh dispute|access-date=October 14, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sami Yusuf expresses support to Azerbaijan|url=https://azertag.az/en/xeber/Sami_Yusuf_expresses_support_to_Azerbaijan-1599263|access-date=October 14, 2020}}</ref> while former [[Barcelona FC|Barcelona]] player [[Ronaldinho]] released a video message in support of Azerbaijan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/karabakh/3326115.html |title=Ronaldinho films video message in support of Azerbaijan |date=29 October 2020 |access-date=29 October 2020 |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] |language=en }}</ref> Several Turkish celebrities, including [[Sinan Akçıl]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sabah.com.tr/magazin/2020/10/22/sinan-akcil-azeri-sarkici-saide-guliyeva-ile-duet-yapti|title=Sinan Akçıl, Azeri şarkıcı Saide Guliyeva ile düet yaptı|access-date=2020-10-28}}</ref> [[Hadise]], [[Bergüzar Korel]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.habererk.com/magazin/hadise-ve-berguzar-korel-den-azerbaycan-a-destek-h135771.html|title=Hadise ve Bergüzar Korel'den Azerbaycan'a destek|access-date=2020-10-28}}</ref> [[Acun Ilıcalı]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gunboyugazetesi.com.tr/unlu-televizyoncu-acun-ilicalidan-azerbaycan-mesaji-65432h.htm|title=Ünlü televizyoncu Acun Ilıcalı'dan Azerbaycan mesajı|access-date=2020-10-28}}</ref> [[Kenan İmirzalıoğlu]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.takvim.com.tr/galeri/yasam/kim-milyoner-olmak-isterde-kenan-imirzalioglundan-gardas-azerbaycana-selam-kardeslerimize-selam-ve-sevgilerimizle|title=Kim Milyoner Olmak İster'de Kenan İmirzalıoğlu'ndan gardaş Azerbaycan'a selam: "Kardeşlerimize selam ve sevgilerimizle"|access-date=2020-10-28}}</ref> [[Tarkan (singer)|Tarkan]], [[Cem Yılmaz]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ahaber.com.tr/magazin/2020/10/19/tarkan-ve-cem-yilmazdan-ermenistanin-katliamlarina-23-gun-sonra-tepki|title=Tarkan ve Cem Yılmaz’dan Ermenistan’ın katliamlarına 23 gün sonra tepki!.|access-date=2020-11-01}}</ref> also shared their condolences and support to Azerbaijan.
== See also ==
* [[2014 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes]]
* [[List of ongoing armed conflicts]]
* [[List of territorial disputes]]
{{Portal bar|Azerbaijan|War}}
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* [https://www.euronews.com/2020/10/07/watch-live-azerbaijan-and-armenia-leaders-speak-exclusively-to-euronews Interview with the leaders of Azerbaijan and Armenia]
{{Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict}}
[[Category:2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war| ]]
[[Category:Armenia–Azerbaijan border]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 2020]]
[[Category:2020 in Armenia]]
[[Category:2020 in Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:2020 in international relations]]
[[Category:Battles in 2020]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Republic of Artsakh]]
[[Category:Wars involving Armenia]]
[[Category:Wars involving Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Drone warfare]]
[[Category:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]]
[[Category:September 2020 events in Asia]]
[[Category:October 2020 events in Asia]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{short description|Armed conflict between Azerbaijan and self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh and their allies}}
{{pp-semi|small=yes}}
{{POV|talk=RfC:_Disputed_or_occupied|date=October 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2020}}
{{use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{infobox military conflict
| conflict = 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war
| partof = the [[Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]] and the [[Russia–Turkey proxy conflict]]
| image = QarabaghWarMap(2020).svg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = Pre-ceasefire situation from 9 November 2020{{efn|For a more detailed map, see [[Template:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict detailed map|military situation in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]].}}
| date = {{nowrap|{{Start date|2020|9|27|df=y}} – {{End date|2020|11|10|df=y}}<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=09|day1=27|year1=2020|month2=11|day2=10|year2=2020}})<ref name="peace">{{cite web|url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/11/09/armenian-pm-announces-end-to-nagorno-karabakh-hostilities-a71997|title=Deal Struck to End Nagorno-Karabakh War|publisher=The Moscow Times |access-date=10 November 2020|date=10 November 2020}}</ref>}}
| place = [[Nagorno-Karabakh Line of Contact|Line of Contact]], [[Nagorno-Karabakh]], [[Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh]], [[Armenia–Azerbaijan border]]
| width = 300px
| coordinates =
| map_type =
| latitude =
| longitude =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| map_label =
| territory = During the war:
* Azerbaijan gains control of 5 cities, 4 towns, 240 villages,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnnturk.com/dunya/son-dakika-haberi-azerbaycan-cumhurbaskani-duyurdu-49-yerlesim-yeri-daha-kurtarildi|title=Son dakika haberi: Azerbaycan Cumhurbaşkanı duyurdu: 49 yerleşim yeri daha kurtarıldı|publisher=CNN Türk|date=9 November 2020|access-date=9 November 2020|language=tr}}</ref> and the entire [[Azerbaijan–Iran border]]
Post-[[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement|ceasefire]]:
* Azerbaijan will retain the areas of Nagorno-Karabakh that it captured during the war, all Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh to be [[cession|ceded]] back to Azerbaijan by 1 December 2020.
* Azerbaijan is granted direct land access to its [[Enclave and exclave|exclave]] of [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchivan]] via a corridor through [[Armenia]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Kramer|first=Andrew E.|date=10 November 2020|title=Facing Military Debacle, Armenia Accepts a Deal in Nagorno-Karabakh War|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/09/world/middleeast/armenia-settlement-nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan.html|url-status=live|access-date=11 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111011541/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/09/world/middleeast/armenia-settlement-nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan.html|archive-date=11 November 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> while Armenia is granted access to Nagorno-Karabakh through [[Lachin corridor]].
| result = Azerbaijani victory<!-- Do not use terms such as "decisive", per [[Template:Infobox military conflict]] --><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/bfb04708-3f6c-4659-b6ed-9ec7b01e75f4|title=Azerbaijan and Armenia agree full ceasefire in Nagorno-Karabakh|date=10 November 2020|publisher=Financial Times|quote=Agreement is seen as victory for Baku and will be monitored by Russian forces}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54882564|title=Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia sign Nagorno-Karabakh peace deal|date=10 November 2020|publisher=BBC|quote=The BBC's Orla Guerin in Baku says that, overall, the deal should be read as a victory for Azerbaijan and a defeat for Armenia.}}</ref>
* [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement|Ceasefire agreement]] signed on 10 November 2020.<ref name="peace"/>
* Azerbaijan retains control over the territories that it recaptured during the war.
* Russian peacekeeping forces to be deployed to the region.<ref name="Turkey, Russia to set up joint center to watch Nagorno-Karabakh peace"/>
* Start of the [[2020 Armenian protests]].
* [[Memorandum of understanding]] signed on 11 November 2020, for the formation of the Joint Turkish–Russian Center.<ref name="Turkey, Russia to set up joint center to watch Nagorno-Karabakh peace">{{cite web |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkey-russia-to-set-up-joint-center-to-watch-nagorno-karabakh-peace-159920|title=Turkey, Russia to set up joint center to watch Nagorno-Karabakh peace|date=11 November 2020|publisher=Hurriyet Daily News}}</ref>
| combatant1 = '''{{flag|Azerbaijan}}'''
* [[Syrians|Syrian]] [[Mercenary|mercenaries]]<ref name="Macron"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-turkey-syria-idUSKBN26J25A|title=Turkey deploying Syrian fighters to help ally Azerbaijan, two fighters say|agency=Reuters|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008220322/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-turkey-syria-idUSKBN26J25A|url-status=live}}<br />{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54356334|title=Armenia–Azerbaijan conflict: Azerbaijan president vows to fight on|date=30 September 2020|website=bbc.com|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001213255/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54356334|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="guard">{{cite web|last1=Carley|first1=Patricia|title=Turkey recruiting Syrians to guard troops and facilities in Azerbaijan|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/azerbaijan-armenia-turkey-syrians-recruiting-guard-facilities|publisher=Middle East Eye|date=September 29, 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002075651/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/azerbaijan-armenia-turkey-syrians-recruiting-guard-facilities|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/30/nagorno-karabakh-at-least-three-syrian-fighters-killed|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: at least three Syrian fighters killed|first1=Bethan|last1=McKernan |first2=Michael|last2=Safi|date=30 September 2020|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008211028/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/30/nagorno-karabakh-at-least-three-syrian-fighters-killed|url-status=live}}</ref>{{efn|Denied by Azerbaijan<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/9/28/azerbaijan-denies-turkey-sent-it-fighters-from-syria|date=28 September 2020|title=Azerbaijan denies Turkey sent it fighters from Syria|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=7 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007050935/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/9/28/azerbaijan-denies-turkey-sent-it-fighters-from-syria|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="theguardian0410">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/04/nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan-accuses-armenia-of-rocket-attack|date=5 October 2020|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Azerbaijan accuses Armenia of rocket attack|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=11 October 2020}}</ref> and Turkey.<ref>{{cite news|title=Türkiye'nin Dağlık Karabağ'a paralı asker gönderdiği iddiası|date=29 September 2020 |url=https://www.dw.com/tr/t%C3%BCrkiyenin-da%C4%9Fl%C4%B1k-karaba%C4%9Fa-paral%C4%B1-asker-g%C3%B6nderdi%C4%9Fi-iddias%C4%B1/a-55088342|publisher=Deutsche Welle|language=tr|access-date=11 October 2020 |archive-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002022949/https://www.dw.com/tr/t%C3%BCrkiyenin-da%C4%9Fl%C4%B1k-karaba%C4%9Fa-paral%C4%B1-asker-g%C3%B6nderdi%C4%9Fi-iddias%C4%B1/a-55088342|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
{{plainlist|
* '''Supported by:'''
* {{flag|Turkey}}<ref>{{cite web|title=F-16s Reveal Turkey's Drive to Expand Its Role in the Southern Caucasus|url=https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/f-16s-reveal-turkeys-drive-expand-its-role-southern-caucasus|publisher=Stratfor|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20201010133045/https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/f-16s-reveal-turkeys-drive-expand-its-role-southern-caucasus|archive-date=10 October 2020 |date=8 October 2020|quote=The presence of the Turkish fighter aircraft ... demonstrate[s] direct military involvement by Turkey that goes far beyond already-established support, such as its provision of Syrian fighters and military equipment to Azerbaijani forces.|access-date=11 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>{{efn|Turkey and Azerbaijan deny direct involvement of Turkey.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chausovsky |first1=Eugene|title=Turkey Challenging Russia's Monopoly in the South Caucasus|url=https://cgpolicy.org/articles/turkey-challenging-russias-monopoly-in-the-south-caucasus/|agency=Center for Global Policy |date=7 October 2020|archiveurl=https://archive.vn/g5dqj|archive-date=7 October 2020|quote=... it has been reported (though denied by Turkish and Azerbaijani officials) that Turkish soldiers and aircraft have been directly involved in the fighting.}}</ref><ref name="Everything We Know About The Fighting That Has Erupted Between Armenia And Azerbaijan">{{cite web|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/36777/everything-we-know-about-the-fighting-that-has-erupted-between-armenia-and-azerbaijan|title=Everything We Know About The Fighting That Has Erupted Between Armenia And Azerbaijan|publisher=The Drive |access-date=1 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="azer">{{cite news|title=Turkey supplies T-300 Kasirga rocket system to Azerbaijan|url=https://www.azernews.az/nation/102564.html|publisher=AzerNews|date=21 September 2016}}</ref>}}
}}
----
{{plainlist|
'''Arms suppliers:'''
* {{flag|Israel}}<ref>{{cite news|last1=Melman|first1=Yossi|authorlink1=Yossi Melman|title=As Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict Expands, Israel-Azerbaijan Arms Trade Thrives|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/nagorno-karabakh-conflict-israel-azerbaijan-arms-trade-armenia-iran-1.9212986|publisher=Haaretz|date=7 October 2020|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20201010164114/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/nagorno-karabakh-conflict-israel-azerbaijan-arms-trade-armenia-iran-1.9212986|archive-date=10 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Israel sending weapons to Azerbaijan as fight with Armenia rages on sources|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/world/2020/10/01/Israel-sending-weapons-to-Azerbaijan-as-fight-with-Armenia-rages-on-Sources|agency=Al Arabiya |date=30 September 2020|archiveurl=https://archive.vn/L8TSF|archive-date=3 October 2020|quote=... a US intelligence source told Al Arabiya English that Israel was sending planes full of weapons to Azerbaijan.}}</ref>
}}
| combatant2 = '''{{flag|Armenia}}'''<br />'''{{flag|Artsakh}}'''
* [[Armenian diaspora]] volunteers<ref>{{cite news|last2=Francis|first2=Ellen|last1=Semerdjian|first1=Maria|title=Despite Lebanon's woes, Armenians spring to action for Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN27H157|access-date=1 November 2020|agency=Reuters|date=1 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Zargaryan|first1=Robert|title=Ուղիղ չվերթով Երևան՝ առաջնագիծ գնալու պարտաստակամությամբ|trans-title=By direct flight to Yerevan, ready to go to the front line|url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/30872246.html|website=azatutyun.am|agency=RFE/RL|date=3 October 2020 |archiveurl=https://archive.vn/1CnZr|archive-date=6 October 2020|language=hy}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Cragg|first1=Gulliver|title=Armenian volunteer returns from France to fight for Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20201007-armenian-volunteer-returns-from-france-to-fight-for-nagorno-karabakh|agency=France24|date=7 October 2020|archiveurl=https://archive.vn/AGD2D|archive-date=7 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Harounyan|first1=Stéphanie|title=De Marseille à Erevan, un militant marqué au front|url=https://www.liberation.fr/france/2020/10/11/de-marseille-a-erevan-un-militant-marque-au-front_1802057|newspaper=Libération|date=11 October 2020|language=fr}}</ref>
----
{{plainlist|
* '''Arms suppliers:'''
* {{flag|Russia}}{{efn|Alleged by Azerbaijan,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/az/dagliq_qarabag/Prezident-Ermnistanin-thluksizliyi-pulsuz-silahlanmasi-Rusiya-trfindn-tmin-edilir-609813|title=Prezident: "Ermənistanın təhlükəsizliyi, pulsuz silahlanması Rusiya tərəfindən təmin edilir"|website=apa.az|date=11 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|language=az|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011141759/https://apa.az/az/dagliq_qarabag/Prezident-Ermnistanin-thluksizliyi-pulsuz-silahlanmasi-Rusiya-trfindn-tmin-edilir-609813|url-status=live}}</ref> and reports that Russia supplied arms to Armenia via Iran.<ref name="bneIranArmeniaarmsshipment"/><ref name="AzerbaijanclaimsIRARMarmstrade1"/><ref name="AzerbaijanclaimsIRARMarmstrade2"/> It has been denied by Iran.<ref name="Irandeniesarmstrade1"/><ref name="Irandeniesarmstrade2"/>}}
}}
| commander1 = {{plainlist|
* {{flagdeco|Azerbaijan}} [[Ilham Aliyev]]
* {{flagdeco|Azerbaijan}} [[Zakir Hasanov]]
* {{flagdeco|Azerbaijan}} [[Najmaddin Sadigov]]
* {{flagdeco|Azerbaijan}} [[Mais Barkhudarov]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mod.gov.az/en/news/major-general-mayis-barkhudarov-we-will-fight-to-destroy-the-enemy-completely-32376.html|title=Major General Mayis Barkhudarov: "We will fight to destroy the enemy completely|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008052224/https://mod.gov.az/en/news/major-general-mayis-barkhudarov-we-will-fight-to-destroy-the-enemy-completely-32376.html|archive-date=8 October 2020|date=September 28, 2020|publisher=Azerbaijani Ministry of Defence}}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|Azerbaijan}} [[Hikmat Mirzayev]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.president.az/articles/41714|title=Release of the Press Service of the President|website=president.az|publisher=Official website of the President of Azerbaijan|date=4 October 2020|access-date=7 October 2020|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009090742/https://en.president.az/articles/41714|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|Azerbaijan}} [[Hikmat Hasanov]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apa.az/en/domestic-news/President-Ilham-Aliyev-congratulates-1st-Army-Corps-Commander-Hikmet-Hasanov-on-liberation-of-Madagiz-from-occupation-331987|title=President Ilham Aliyev congratulates 1st Army Corps Commander Hikmet Hasanov on liberation of Madagiz from occupation|website=apa.az|date=3 October 2020|access-date=3 October 2020 |quote=President Ilham Aliyev has congratulated 1st Army Corps Commander Hikmet Hasanov on liberation of Madagiz, APA reports.}}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|Azerbaijan}} [[Elchin Guliyev]]<ref name="azesbs">{{cite web|url=https://azertag.az/en/xeber/1617731|title=Release of the Press Service of the President|agency=Azerbaijan State News Agency|date=19 October 2020 |access-date=20 October 2020|quote=Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Azerbaijan, President Ilham Aliyev congratulated Chief of the State Border Service (SBS), Colonel General Elchin Guliyev on raising the Azerbaijani flag over the Khudafarin bridge, liberating several residential settlements with the participation of the SBS, and instructed to convey his congratulations to all personnel. Colonel General Elchin Guliyev reported that the State Border Service personnel will continue to decently fulfill all the tasks set by the Commander-in-Chief.}}</ref>
}}
| commander2 = {{plainlist|
* {{flagdeco|Artsakh}} [[Arayik Harutyunyan]]
* {{flagdeco|Artsakh}} [[Jalal Harutyunyan]]{{WIA}}<ref name=jalal>{{cite web|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/27/jalal-harutyunyan-wounded-mikael-arzumanyan-appointed-artsakh-defense-minister|title=Jalal Harutyunyan wounded, Mikael Arzumanyan appointed Artsakh Defense Minister|date=27 October 2020}}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|Artsakh}} Mikael Arzumanyan<ref name=jalal />
* {{flagdeco|Artsakh}} Artur Sargsyan{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.am/eng/news/611128.html|title=Artsakh Defense Army deputy commander killed|date=2 November 2020}}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|Armenia}} [[Nikol Pashinyan]]
* {{flagdeco|Armenia}} [[David Tonoyan]]
* {{flagdeco|Armenia}} [[Onik Gasparyan]]
* {{flagdeco|Armenia}} [[Tiran Khachatryan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/22/tiran-khachatryan-national-hero-of-the-republic-of-armenia/|title=Tiran Khachatryan – National Hero of the Republic of Armenia|date=2020-10-22|website=armradio.am|publisher=Public Radio of Armenia}}</ref>
}}
| units1 = {{flagicon image|Coat of arms of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces.png|size=15px}} [[Azerbaijani Armed Forces]]
* 3rd Corps<ref name="mk">{{cite web|url=https://www.mk.ru/politics/2020/11/07/ekspert-ocenil-poteri-armenii-i-azerbaydzhana-v-nagornom-karabakhe.html|title=Эксперт оценил потери Армении и Азербайджана в Нагорном Карабахе|language=ru|publisher=Moskovsky Komsomolets|date=7 November 2020|access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref>
* 4th Corps
* Nakhchivan Army<ref name="mk"/>
* {{flagicon image|Azerbaijani Special Forces badge.svg|size=15px}} [[Special Forces of Azerbaijan|Special Forces]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bizimyol.info/az/news/301032.html?fbclid=IwAR10M4ffyYzs0y-HxzHaE7SeZkQz9QK5fZFXP0RTtSKgBfhGFQO_Ev6feuc|title=Qarabağın qəlbi necə azad olundu: 300 spartalının əfsanəsi gerçək oldu Şuşada|work=Bizim Yol|language=az|date=9 November 2020|access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref><br />
{{flagicon image|Azerbaijan Border Guards Standard (Reverse).svg|size=15px}} [[State Border Service (Azerbaijan)|State Border Service]]<ref name="azesbs" />
Syrian mercenaries<ref name="SOHR1"/><ref name="Everything We Know About The Fighting That Has Erupted Between Armenia And Azerbaijan"/>
* {{flagicon image|Logo of the Hamza Division.jpg}} [[Hamza Division (Aleppo)|Hamza Division]]
* {{flagicon image|Sultan Murat Tümeni Flag.svg}} [[Sultan Murad Division]]
| units2 = {{flagicon image|Army Artsakh.jpg}} [[Artsakh Defence Army]]<br />{{flagicon image|Armmil zinanshan.jpg}} [[Armed Forces of Armenia]]<br />{{flagicon image|National Security Service of the Republic of Armenia.png|size=15px}} [[National Security Service (Armenia)|National Security Service]]<ref>[https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1034989/ 46 servicemen of Armenia NSS border troops killed during NK war]</ref>
| strength1 = {{plainlist|
* Unknown regular military
* 2,580 Syrian fighters<ref name="syriandead"/>}}
{{Collapsible list|title=Equipment:|Various types of tanks and armored vehicles including [[T-90]], [[T-72]], [[BMP-1]], [[BMP-2]], [[BMP-3]] and [[BTR-80|BTR-82]]<ref name="Everything We Know About The Fighting That Has Erupted Between Armenia And Azerbaijan"/><ref name="What Open Source Evidence Tells Us About The Nagorno-Karabakh War">{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/sebastienroblin/2020/10/23/what-open-source-evidence-tells-us-about-the-nagorno-karabakh-war/?sh=81195e26f4be|title=What Open Source Evidence Tells Us About The Nagorno-Karabakh War|publisher=Forbes|access-date=12 November 2020}}</ref>
|Unknown number of [[Bayraktar TB2]] [[Unmanned combat aerial vehicle|combat drone]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/a-military-breakdown-of-the-azerbaijan-armenia-conflict-40175 |first=Adam|last=Bensaid|publisher=TRTWorld|title=A military breakdown of the Azerbaijan–Armenia conflict|date=29 September 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=7 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007172235/https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/a-military-breakdown-of-the-azerbaijan-armenia-conflict-40175|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="What Open Source Evidence Tells Us About The Nagorno-Karabakh War"/>
|Unknown number of [[IAI Harop]], [[Aeronautics Defense Orbiter|Orbiter 1K]] and [[STM Kargu]] [[Loitering munition|suicide drones]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/israeli-drones-in-azerbaijan-raise-questions-on-use-in-the-battlefied-644161|title=Israeli drones in Azerbaijan raise questions on use in the battlefield|first=Seth J.|last=Frantzman|newspaper=Jerusalem Post|date=1 October 2020 |access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009015409/https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/israeli-drones-in-azerbaijan-raise-questions-on-use-in-the-battlefied-644161|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.milliyet.com.tr/galeri/son-dakika-goruntu-dunyayi-calkaladi-siha-vurdu-bir-baska-drone-6319256|title=Son dakika... Görüntü dünyayı çalkaladı! SİHA vurdu, bir başka drone...|publisher=Milliyet|language=tr|date=1 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011141818/https://www.milliyet.com.tr/galeri/son-dakika-haberleri-ermeni-komutanlarla-masada-oturana-bak-6319256|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=cnnturk/>
|Unknown number of converted [[Antonov An-2]] used as unmanned drone for different roles<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hetq.am/en/article/123071|title=Azerbaijani Military Retools Old Crop Duster Planes as Attack Drones|date=14 October 2020|publisher=Hetq Online}}</ref>
| Various [[Multiple rocket launcher|MLRs]] including [[Kasirga rocket system|TRG-300]] guided MLRs and [[BM-30 Smerch]]es<ref>{{cite web|title=Missiles, rockets and drones define Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict
|url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/missiles-rockets-and-drones-define-azerbaijan-armenia-conflict-644365|publisher=The Jerusalem Post|access-date=18 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="What Open Source Evidence Tells Us About The Nagorno-Karabakh War"/>
| Various [[Surface-to-air missile|anti-aircraft missiles]] including [[S-300 missile system|S-300]]s<ref name="Azerbaijan shoots down Armenian Su-25 fighter jet">{{cite web |url=https://www.trtworld.com/asia/azerbaijan-shoots-down-armenian-su-25-fighter-jet-40674|title=Azerbaijan shoots down Armenian Su-25 fighter jet|publisher=TRT World|access-date=12 November 2020}}</ref>
| Various artillery<ref name="Cities under fire as Armenia-Azerbaijan fighting intensifies">{{cite web|url=https://today.rtl.lu/news/world/a/1590159.html|title=Cities under fire as Armenia-Azerbaijan fighting intensifies|publisher=RTL Today|access-date=12 November 2020}}</ref>
}}
| strength2 = {{plainlist|
* Unknown regular military}}
{{Collapsible list|title=Equipment:| [[T-72]] tanks and various types of armored vehicles including [[BMP-1]], [[BMP-2]] and [[MT-LB]]<ref name="Everything We Know About The Fighting That Has Erupted Between Armenia And Azerbaijan"/><ref name="What Open Source Evidence Tells Us About The Nagorno-Karabakh War"/>
| [[Scud|Scud-B]] and [[OTR-21 Tochka]] [[tactical ballistic missile]]s<ref name="What Open Source Evidence Tells Us About The Nagorno-Karabakh War"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia, Azerbaijan announce new attempt at cease-fire|url=https://apnews.com/article/international-news-ilham-aliyev-azerbaijan-armenia-51d168ecbfe86cfd9a9ba08767f6e1d7|publisher=AP News|access-date=19 October 2020}}</ref>
| Various [[Multiple rocket launcher|MLRs]] including [[BM-30 Smerch]]es, [[WM-80 MRL|WM-80]]s and [[BM-21 Grad]]s <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f943a7ac4548e02bf3cc26b%26%262020-10-24T14%3A30%3A19.028Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:fe950852-c7ae-417d-a14b-229013c4b98b&pinned_post_asset_id=5f943a7ac4548e02bf3cc26b&pinned_post_type=share|title=Село Тапкаракоюнлу, примерно в 60 километрах от города Гянджа. Военный показывает журналистам ракету "Смерч" перед разминированием.|date=24 October 2020|access-date=24 October 2020|language=ru|publisher=BBC Russian Service}}</ref><ref name="What Open Source Evidence Tells Us About The Nagorno-Karabakh War"/>
| Various [[Surface-to-air missile|anti-aircraft missiles]] including [[S-300 missile system|S-300]]s, [[9K33 Osa|Osa]]s and [[9K35 Strela-10|Strela-10]]s<ref name="Everything We Know About The Fighting That Has Erupted Between Armenia And Azerbaijan"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Azerbaijani used TB2 drone to destroy second S-300 SAM of Armenia|url=https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2020/10/11/azerbaijani-used-tb2-drone-to-destroy-second-s-300-sam-of-armenia/|publisher=Global Defense Corp|access-date=1 November 2020}}</ref>
| Various types of [[anti-tank guided missile]]s<ref name="Everything We Know About The Fighting That Has Erupted Between Armenia And Azerbaijan"/>
| Various artillery<ref name="Cities under fire as Armenia-Azerbaijan fighting intensifies"/>
| [[Sukhoi Su-25|Su-25]] [[Close air support|ground attack aircraft]]<ref name="Azerbaijan shoots down Armenian Su-25 fighter jet"/>
}}
| casualties1 = '''Per Azerbaijan:'''
* Undisclosed<ref name="armenianKIA">{{cite news|title=Artsakh reports more KIAs|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1034769.html|access-date=10 November 2020|agency=Armenpress|date=13 November 2020}}</ref>
'''Per [[Syrian Observatory for Human Rights|SOHR]]:'''
* 293 Syrian mercenaries killed<ref name="syriandead">{{cite web|date=14 November 2020|title= Turkish-backed mercenaries {{!}} Nearly 800 Syrian fighters killed in Libya and Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/192201/|access-date=14 November 2020|publisher=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights}}</ref>
----
See [[Casualties of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war|Casualties]] for details
| casualties2 = '''Per Armenia:'''
* 2,425 servicemen killed<ref name="ArmenianKIA">{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/nikol-pashinian-azerbaijan-armenia-yerevan-e05ea4d7d43e0111cd142861dec105ec|title=Armenia raises Nagorno-Karabakh conflict troop toll to 2,425|date=18 November 2020|publisher=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref>
* 21 servicemen captured<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/264069/|title=СК Армении: "В Азербайджане находится 21 военнопленный-армянин"|date=6 November 2020|access-date=6 November 2020 |publisher=Armenian Report|language=ru}}</ref>
* Several hundred missing<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1034974.html|title=There are several hundred missing soldiers on Armenian side – PM Pashinyan|date=16 November 2020}}</ref>
----
See [[Casualties of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war|Casualties]] for details
| casualties3 = {{plainlist|
* 4,000+ killed overall (per Russia)<ref>{{cite web|title=Russia says discussing U.N. presence in Nagorno-Karabakh as its troops deploy|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-armenia-azerbaijan-russia-un/russia-says-discussing-u-n-presence-in-nagorno-karabakh-as-its-troops-deploy-idUKKBN27T2C0|access-date=2020-11-13}}</ref>
* 93 Azerbaijani<ref name="AzerCivs">{{cite web|url=https://www.azernews.az/aggression/172354.html|title=Civilian death toll in Armenian attacks reaches 93|author=Ayya Lmahamad|date=9 November 2020 |website=azernews.az}}</ref> and 54 Armenian civilians killed<ref name="armeniacividead">{{cite news|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1033921/|title=50 Armenian civilians killed by Azerbaijani armed forces so far|date=4 November 2020|access-date=4 November 2020|url-status=live}}<br />[https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1031392.html Azerbaijani targeting of civilians has claimed lives of 31 in Artsakh]</ref>
* 407 Azerbaijani and 148 Armenian civilians injured<ref name="AzerCivs"/><ref name="armeniacividead"/>
* 1 Russian [[Mi-24]] shot down, 2 crew members killed, 1 injured<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/nagorno-karabakh-russian-helicopter-shot-down-over-armenia/a-55547913|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Russian helicopter shot down over Armenia|first=Deutsche|last=Welle (dw.com)|publisher=DW}}</ref>
* 2 Armenian,<ref>{{cite web|title=Caucasus: 4 Journalists Injured in Nagorno-Karabakh Fighting|url=https://www.voanews.com/press-freedom/caucasus-4-journalists-injured-nagorno-karabakh-fighting|publisher=Voice of America|date=1 October 2020|access-date=21 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> 1 Azerbaijani,<ref name="anarshushali" /> 2 French<ref>{{cite web|title=Two French journalists seriously wounded after shelling in Nagorno-Karabakh|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-journalists-condit-idUSKBN26M5U7|agency=Reuters|date=1 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=1 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001144332/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-journalists-condit-idUSKBN26M5U7|url-status=live}}</ref> and 3 Russian journalists injured<ref>{{cite news|url=https://rg.ru/2020/10/08/mid-rf-rossijskie-zhurnalisty-v-karabahe-poluchili-srednie-i-tiazhelye-raneniia.html|title=МИД РФ: Российские журналисты в Карабахе получили средние и тяжелые ранения |date=2020-10-08|publisher=Rossiyskaya Gazeta|access-date=2020-10-08|language=ru|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011141852/https://rg.ru/2020/10/08/mid-rf-rossijskie-zhurnalisty-v-karabahe-poluchili-srednie-i-tiazhelye-raneniia.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 1 Iranian civilian injured from stray fire<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/iran-comes-under-attack-as-fighting-between-armenia-azerbaijan-spreads-across-border/|title=Iran comes under attack as fighting between Armenia–Azerbaijan spreads across border|work=Almasdar News|date=3 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009042858/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/iran-comes-under-attack-as-fighting-between-armenia-azerbaijan-spreads-across-border/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 40,000 Azerbaijanis<ref name="azerbaijandisplaced">{{cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/SP/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=26464&LangID=E|title=Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: Bachelet warns of possible war crimes as attacks continue in populated areas|publisher=Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights|date=2 November 2020|access-date=2 November 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> and 90,000 Armenians displaced<ref name="riadisplaced">{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20201024/karabakh-1581290908.html|title=Глава МИД Армении назвал число беженцев из-за ситуации в Карабахе|agency=RIA Novosti |date=23 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020|language=ru|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="armenpress90000">{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1032601.html|title=Nearly 90,000 people displaced, lost homes and property in Nagorno Karabakh|publisher=ArmenPress|date=24 October 2020|access-date=24 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>}}<!-- <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan/un-says-nagorno-karabakh-attacks-could-be-war-crimes-idUSKBN27I1RK|title=U.N. says Nagorno-Karabakh attacks could be war crimes|date=2020-11-02|website=reuters.com|agency=Reuters}}</ref> -->
| notes =
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Nagorno-Karabakh conflict}}{{Campaignbox 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war}}
}}
[[File:2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war every day (Liveuamap).webm|thumb|Day-by-day animation of the war. Red: Artsakh; blue: captured by the Azerbaijani army; dotted blue: regions in which Azerbaijani special forces were active.]]
The '''2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war'''{{efn|{{*}}In Armenia, local media sometimes refer to it as '''Azerbaijani aggression''' ({{lang-hy|ադրբեջանական ագրեսիա|translit=adrbejanakan agreˈsia}}, {{IPA-hy|ɑdɾbɛdʒɑnɑˈkɑn ɑgˈɾɛsjɑ}})<ref>{{cite news|title="Azerbaijani aggression has been pre-planned" – Armenian FM sends letter to UN Secretary-General|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029461.html|agency=Armenpress|date=29 September 2020|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20201011091411/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029461.html|archive-date=11 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ghazanchyan|first1=Siranush|title=26 more Armenian troops killed repelling Azerbaijani aggression|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/09/26-more-armenian-troops-killed-repelling-azerbaijani-aggression/ |agency=Public Radio of Armenia|date=9 October 2020|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20201011091401/https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/09/26-more-armenian-troops-killed-repelling-azerbaijani-aggression/|archive-date=11 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> or the '''Azerbaijani-Turkish aggression''' ({{lang-hy|ադրբեջանա-թուրքական ագրեսիա|translit=adrbejana-t'urk'akan agreˈsia}}, {{IPA-hy|ɑdɾbɛdʒɑnɑ-tʰuɾkʰɑkɑn ɑgˈɾɛsjɑ}}).<ref>{{cite news|title=Protest in front of the White House against the Azerbaijani-Turkish aggression|url=https://www.1lurer.am/en/2020/10/09/Protest-in-front-of-the-White-House-against-the-Azerbaijani-Turkish-aggression/331184|publisher=1lurer.am|agency=Public TV of Armenia|date=9 October 2020 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20201011091531/https://www.1lurer.am/en/2020/10/09/Protest-in-front-of-the-White-House-against-the-Azerbaijani-Turkish-aggression/331184|archive-date=11 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>{{indent|2}} {{*}}In Azerbaijan, it has been referred to '''Second Karabakh war''' ({{Lang-az|İkinci Qarabağ müharibəsi}}),<ref>{{cite news|title=Prezident İlham Əliyevin rəhbərliyi ilə Müdafiə Nazirliyinin Mərkəzi Komanda Məntəqəsində operativ müşavirə keçirilib – YENİLƏNİB|url=https://apa.az/az/dagliq_qarabag/Prezident-Ilham-liyevin-rhbrliyi-il-Mudafi-Nazirliyinin-Mrkzi-Komanda-Mntqsind-operativ-musavir-kecirilib-colorredYENILNIBcolor-612152|website=apa.az|date=25 October 2020|access-date=25 October 2020|url-status=live|language=az}}</ref> '''Operation for peace enforcement of Armenia''' ({{Lang-az|Ermənistanı sülhə məcburetmə əməliyyatı}}),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Assistant-to-President-of-Azerbaijan:-%22First-phase-of-operation-for-peaceenforcement-of-Armenia-was-successfully-completed%22-332582|title=Assistant to President of Azerbaijan: "First phase of operation for peaceenforcement of Armenia was successfully completed"|date=11 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010125828/https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Assistant-to-President-of-Azerbaijan:-%22First-phase-of-operation-for-peaceenforcement-of-Armenia-was-successfully-completed%22-332582|url-status=live}}</ref> or '''Counter-offensive operation'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://menafn.com/1100863723/Defense-Ministry-Azerbaijan-Armys-Troops-launches-counter-offensive-operation-along-entire-front|date=29 September 2020|title=Defense Ministry: Azerbaijan Army's Troops launches counter-offensive operation along entire front}}</ref> ({{lang-az|Əks-hücum əməliyyatı}}) by the government.}} was an armed conflict between [[Azerbaijan]], supported by [[Turkey]], and the self-proclaimed [[Republic of Artsakh]] together with [[Armenia]], in the disputed region of [[Nagorno-Karabakh]]. It was the latest escalation of an unresolved [[Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|conflict over the region]], which is internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan, but partially governed by Artsakh, a [[List of states with limited recognition|breakaway state]] with an Armenian ethnic majority.{{efn|At the end of Soviet period, the [[Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast]] was recorded as being populated by 76.9% Armenians, 21.5% Azerbaijanis, and 1.5% other groups, totalling 188,685 persons, in the 1989 census. The surrounding districts, occupied by the Republic of Artsakh since the 1994 ceasefire, were recorded in the 1979 census to have a population of 97.7% [[Azerbaijanis]], 1.3% [[Kurds]], 0.7% [[Russians]], 0.1% [[Armenians]], and 0.1% [[Lezgins]], for a total of 186,874 persons. This does not include the populations of [[Fuzuli Rayon]] and [[Agdam Rayon]], which were only partially under Armenian control before the 2020 war.}}
Clashes began on the morning of 27 September 2020 along the [[Nagorno-Karabakh Line of Contact]], which had been established in the aftermath of the [[First Nagorno-Karabakh War]] (1988–1994). In response to the clashes, Armenia and Artsakh introduced [[martial law]] and total [[mobilization]],<ref name="bbc_270920">{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Armenia and Azerbaijan erupt into fighting over disputed Nagorno-Karabakh|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54314341|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928055530/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54314341|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://in.reuters.com/article/armenia-azerbaijan-martial-law/nagorno-karabakh-announces-martial-law-and-total-mobilization-idINKBN26I086?il=0|title=Nagorno-Karabakh announces martial law and total mobilization|agency=Reuters|date=27 September 2020|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011141606/https://in.reuters.com/article/armenia-azerbaijan-martial-law/nagorno-karabakh-announces-martial-law-and-total-mobilization-idINKBN26I086?il=0|url-status=live}}</ref> while Azerbaijan introduced martial law and a [[curfew]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/armenia-azerbaijan-curfew/azerbaijans-parliament-approves-martial-law-curfews-presidents-aide-idINKBN26I0OU|title=Azerbaijan's parliament approves martial law, curfews – president's aide|agency=Reuters|date=27 September 2020|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928062034/https://www.reuters.com/article/armenia-azerbaijan-curfew/azerbaijans-parliament-approves-martial-law-curfews-presidents-aide-idINKBN26I0OU|url-status=live}}</ref> later declaring partial mobilization on 28 September 2020.<ref>{{cite web|title=Azerbaijan's president orders partial military mobilization |url=https://tass.com/world/1205799|access-date=2020-10-26|website=tass.com}}</ref> Turkey provided military support to Azerbaijan, although the extent of this support has been disputed.<ref name="russiamatters01"/><ref name="voa28sep">{{cite news|last1=Jones|first1=Dorian|title=Turkey Vows Support for Azerbaijan in Escalating Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict|url=https://www.voanews.com/south-central-asia/turkey-vows-support-azerbaijan-escalating-nagorno-karabakh-conflict|publisher=Voice of America|date=28 September 2020|archiveurl=https://archive.vn/OjQNm|archive-date=30 September 2020|quote={{-'}}Turkey is already supporting Azerbaijan militarily, through technical assistance through arms sales, providing critical military support, especially in terms of armed drones and technical expertise', said Turkish analyst Ilhan Uzgel.}}</ref> Turkey's involvement is thought to have been an attempt to extend its sphere of influence, both by increasing the standing of Azerbaijan in the conflict and by marginalizing Russia's influence over the region.<ref name="russiamatters01"/><ref name="nyt_011020"/>
International analysts believe that fighting likely began with an Azerbaijani [[Offensive (military)|offensive]],<ref name="russiamatters01">{{cite web|last1=Kofman|first1=Michael|title=Armenia–Azerbaijan War: Military Dimensions of the Conflict|url=https://www.russiamatters.org/analysis/armenia-azerbaijan-war-military-dimensions-conflict|website=russiamatters.org|publisher=Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs|archiveurl=https://archive.vn/7V4MH|archive-date=3 October 2020|date=2 October 2020|quote=On 27 September 2020, Azerbaijan launched a military offensive, resulting in fighting that spans much of the line of contact in the breakaway region of Nagorno-Karabakh...}}</ref><ref name="eurasianet_290920">{{cite web|last1=Kucera|first1=Joshua|date=29 September 2020|title=As fighting rages, what is Azerbaijan's goal?|url=https://eurasianet.org/as-fighting-rages-what-is-azerbaijans-goal|access-date=29 September 2020|website=eurasianet.org|quote=The Azerbaijani offensive against Armenian forces is its most ambitious since the war between the two sides formally ended in 1994.|archive-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004115811/https://eurasianet.org/as-fighting-rages-what-is-azerbaijans-goal |url-status=live}}</ref> and that the primary goal of the offensive was to reclaim districts in southern Nagorno-Karabakh that are less mountainous and thus easier to take than the region's well-fortified interior.<ref name="fp_280920">{{cite news|last=Palmer|first=James|date=28 September 2020|title=Why Are Armenia and Azerbaijan Heading to War?|publisher=Foreign Policy |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/09/28/why-are-armenia-azerbaijan-heading-to-war-nagorno-karabakh/|access-date=29 September 2020|archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928222614/https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/09/28/why-are-armenia-azerbaijan-heading-to-war-nagorno-karabakh/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="eadaily_021020"/> The war was marked by the deployment of [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|drones]], sensors, long-range heavy artillery<ref name=":2">{{cite web|last=Gatopoulos|first=Alex|title=The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is ushering in a new age of warfare|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2020/10/11/nagorno-karabakh-conflict-ushering-in-new-age-of-warfare|access-date=2020-10-15|website=aljazeera.com}}</ref> and [[missile]] strikes, as well as by state propaganda and the use of official social media accounts in online [[information warfare]].<ref name=":9">{{cite news|last=Mirovalev|first=Mansur|date=15 October 2020|title=Armenia, Azerbaijan battle an online war over Nagorno-Karabakh|agency=Al Jazeera|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2020/10/15/karabakh-info-war|url-status=live}}</ref> Total casualties on both sides may be in the low thousands.<ref name=":4"/>
Numerous countries and the [[United Nations]] strongly condemned the fighting and called on both sides to de-escalate tensions and resume meaningful negotiations without delay.<ref name="f24_300920">{{cite web |date=2020-09-30|title=UN Security Council calls for immediate end to fighting in Nagorno-Karabakh|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200930-un-security-council-calls-for-immediate-end-to-fighting-in-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=2020-09-30|agency=Associated Press|website=france24.com|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009133111/https://www.france24.com/en/20200930-un-security-council-calls-for-immediate-end-to-fighting-in-nagorno-karabakh|url-status=live}}</ref> Three ceasefires brokered by Russia, France, and the United States failed to stop the fighting.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hovhannisyan|first1=Nvard |last2=Bagirova|first2=Nailia|date=2020-10-13 |title=Nagorno-Karabakh conflict unacceptable: EU|agency=The Canberra Times|url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/6991293/nagorno-karabakh-conflict-unacceptable-eu/?cs=14232|access-date=2020-11-17}}</ref>
Following [[Battle of Shusha (2020)|the capture]] of [[Shusha]], the second-largest settlement in Nagorno-Karabakh, a [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement|ceasefire agreement]] was signed between the President of Azerbaijan, [[Ilham Aliyev]], the Prime Minister of Armenia, [[Nikol Pashinyan]], and the President of Russia, [[Vladimir Putin]], ending all hostilities in the area from 00:00, 10 November 2020 [[Moscow Time]].<ref name="RIANovosti">{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20201110/karabakh-1583847112.html|title=Путин выступил с заявлением о прекращении огня в Карабахе|date=9 November 2020|access-date=9 November 2020|agency=RIA Novosti|language=ru}}</ref><ref name="RIA Novosti">{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20201110/karabakh-1583845291.html|title=Пашинян заявил о прекращении боевых действий в Карабахе|date=9 November 2020|access-date=9 November 2020|agency=RIA Novosti|language=ru}}</ref><ref name=":18">{{cite news|date=2020-11-10|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Russia deploys peacekeeping troops to region|publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54885906|access-date=2020-11-11}}</ref> The President of Artsakh, [[Arayik Harutyunyan]], also agreed to end the hostilities.<ref name="ria.ru">{{cite web |url=https://ria.ru/20201110/karabakh-1583847338.html|title=Президент непризнанной НКР дал согласие закончить войну|date=9 November 2020|access-date=9 November 2020|agency=RIA Novosti|language=ru}}</ref> Under the agreement, the warring sides will keep control of their currently held areas within Nagorno-Karabakh, while Armenia will return the surrounding territories it occupied in 1994 to Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan will also gain land access to its [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchivan]] exclave bordering [[Turkey]] and [[Iran]].<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/09/world/middleeast/armenia-settlement-nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan.html</ref> Approximately 2,000 Russian soldiers will be deployed as peacekeeping forces along the Lachin corridor between Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh for a mandate of at least five years.<ref name="peace"/>
{{TOC limit}}
== Background ==
{{further|History of Nagorno-Karabakh}}
The territorial ownership of Nagorno-Karabakh is fiercely contested between Armenians and Azerbaijanis. The [[Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|current conflict]] has its roots in events following [[World War I]] and today the region is ''[[de jure]]'' part of Azerbaijan, although large parts are ''[[de facto]]'' held by the internationally unrecognised [[Republic of Artsakh]], which is supported by Armenia.<ref>{{cite news|date=2016-04-06|title=Nagorno-Karabakh profile|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-18270325|access-date=2020-10-06}}</ref>
===Soviet era===
{{main|Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast}}
During the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] era, the region was governed as an [[Autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union|autonomous oblast]] within the [[Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic|Azerbaijan SSR]], despite having an ethnic Armenian majority.<ref>{{cite web |title=UNHCR publication for CIS Conference (Displacement in the CIS) - Conflicts in the Caucasus |url=https://www.unhcr.org/publications/refugeemag/3b5583fd4/unhcr-publication-cis-conference-displacement-cis-conflicts-caucasus.html |website=UNHCR |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |accessdate=18 November 2020 |date=1 May 1996 |quote=This mountain enclave, mostly inhabited by people of Armenian language and origin, had been placed under Azerbaijan’s jurisdiction in the 1920s, and was entirely surrounded by villages populated by Azeris.}}</ref> As the [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|Soviet Union began to disintegrate]] during the late 1980s the question of Nagorno-Karabakh re-emerged, and on 20 February 1988 the parliament of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast passed a resolution requesting transfer of the oblast from the Azerbaijan SSR to the [[Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic|Armenian SSR]]. Azerbaijan rejected the request several times,<ref name=":11"/> and ethnic violence began shortly thereafter with a series of pogroms between 1988 and 1990 against Armenians in [[Sumgait pogrom|Sumgait]], [[Kirovabad pogrom|Ganja]] and [[Baku pogrom|Baku]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.economist.com/europe/2020/10/29/the-fighting-in-nagorno-karabakh-reflects-decades-of-conflict|title=The fighting in Nagorno-Karabakh reflects decades of conflict|via=The Economist}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=de Waal|first=Thomas|title=Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War|title-link=Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War|publisher=New York University Press|year=2003|isbn=978-0-8147-1945-9|location=New York|p=[https://archive.org/details/blackgardenarmen00waal/page/n104 90]|quote=Around ninety Armenians died in the Baku pogroms.|author-link=Thomas de Waal}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-11-27-mn-1060-story.html|title=Soviet Tells of Blocking Slaughter of Armenians: General Reports His Soldiers Have Suppressed Dozens of Massacre Attempts by Azerbaijanis|date=27 November 1988|publisher=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Broers|first=Laurence|title=Armenia and Azerbaijan: Anatomy of Rivalry|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=2019|isbn=978-1-4744-5055-3|location=Edinburgh|p=18|quote=Armenians see the campaign that emerged in 1987 to unify Karabakh and Armenia as peaceful, yet met with organized pogroms killing dozens of Armenians in the Azerbaijani cities of Sumgait, Kirovabad (today's Ganja) and Baku in 1988–1990.}}</ref> and against Azerbaijanis in [[Gugark massacre|Gugark]] and [[1988 violence in Shusha and Stepanakert|Stepanakert]].<ref name="nytgugark" /><ref name="bbcpogrom" /><ref name="trud" /><ref name="kavkazpogrom" /> Following the [[Law on Abolishment of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast|revocation of Nagorno-Karabakh's autonomous status]], a [[1991 Nagorno-Karabakh independence referendum|referendum]] was held in the region on 10 December 1991. The referendum was boycotted by the Azerbaijani population, which then constituted around 22.8% of the region's population; 99.8% of participants voted in favor. In early 1992, following the Soviet Union's collapse, the region descended into outright war.<ref name=":11">{{cite book|last=De Waal|first=Thomas |url=https://catalogue.solent.ac.uk/openurl/44SSU_INST/44SSU_INST:VU1?u.ignore_date_coverage=true&rft.mms_id=9997123365104796|title=Black Garden Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War, 10th Year Anniversary Edition, Revised and Updated|date=2013|isbn=978-0-8147-7082-5|oclc=1154881834}}</ref>
===First Nagorno-Karabakh War===
{{main|First Nagorno-Karabakh War}}
The [[First Nagorno-Karabakh War]] resulted in the displacement of approximately 725,000 Azerbaijanis and 300,000–500,000 Armenians from both Azerbaijan and Armenia.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Haider |first1=Hans |title=Gefährliche Töne im "Frozen War" |url=https://www.wienerzeitung.at/nachrichten/welt-europa/weltpolitik/513109_Gefaehrliche-Toene-im-Frozen-War.html |accessdate=18 November 2020 |work=Wiener Zeitung |date=2 January 2013 |language=German}}</ref> The 1994 [[Bishkek Protocol]] brought the fighting to an end and resulted in significant Armenian territorial gains: in addition to controlling most of Nagorno-Karabakh, the Republic of Artsakh also occupied the surrounding Azerbaijani populated districts of [[Agdam District|Agdam]], [[Jabrayil District|Jabrayil]], [[Fuzuli District|Fuzuli]], [[Kalbajar District|Kalbajar]], [[Qubadli District|Qubadli]], [[Lachin District|Lachin]] and [[Zangilan District|Zangilan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Military occupation of Azerbaijan by Armenia|url=http://www.rulac.org/browse/conflicts/military-occupation-of-azerbaijan-by-armenia|access-date=27 September 2020|publisher=Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts Project}}</ref> The terms of the Bishkek agreement produced a [[frozen conflict]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Grant |first1=Stan |title=A hundred-year 'frozen conflict' has restarted — and it's a pattern we've seen before |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-09-30/armenia-azerbaijan-conflict-represents-a-war-of-identity/12713140 |accessdate=18 November 2020 |work=ABC News (Australia) |date=29 September 2020 |language=en-AU}}</ref> and long-standing international mediation attempts to create a peace process were initiated by the [[OSCE Minsk Group]] in 1994, with the interrupted [[Madrid Principles]] being the most recent iteration prior to the 2020 war.<ref>{{cite web|last=Palmer|first=James|title=Why Are Armenia and Azerbaijan Heading to War?|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/09/28/why-are-armenia-azerbaijan-heading-to-war-nagorno-karabakh/|access-date=2020-10-08|publisher=Foreign Policy}}</ref><ref name="MinskGroup_2Oct2020">{{cite web|title=Statement by the Co-Chairs of the OSCE Minsk Group |author=OSCE Minsk Group|url=https://www.osce.org/minsk-group/465711|date=2020-10-02|access-date=2020-10-09|publisher=Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019120749/https://www.osce.org/minsk-group/465711|archive-date=2020-10-19|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[United Nations Security Council]] adopted [[List of United Nations Security Council resolutions on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|four resolutions]] in 1993 calling for the withdrawal of "occupying forces" from the territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh,<ref>Resolutions 822, 853, 874 and 884:
*{{cite web|url=http://unscr.com/files/1993/00822.pdf|title=Resolution 822 (1993)|date=30 April 1993|website=unscr.com|publisher=United Nations Security Council}}
*{{cite web|url=http://unscr.com/files/1993/00853.pdf|title=Resolution 853 (1993)|date=29 July 1993|website=unscr.com|publisher=United Nations Security Council}}
*{{cite web|url=http://unscr.com/files/1993/00874.pdf|title=Resolution 874 (1993)|date=14 October 1993|website=unscr.com|publisher=United Nations Security Council}}
*{{cite web|url=http://unscr.com/files/1993/00884.pdf|date=12 November 1993 |title=Resolution 884 (1993)|website=unscr.com|publisher=United Nations Security Council}}</ref>
and in 2008 the [[United Nations General Assembly|General Assembly]] adopted [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 62/243|a resolution]] demanding the immediate withdrawal of Armenian occupying forces,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2008/ga10693.doc.htm|title=General Assembly adopts resolution reaffirming territorial integrity of Azerbaijan, demanding withdrawal of all Armenian forces|date=14 March 2008 |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> although the co-chairs of the OSCE Minsk Group, Russia, France and USA, voted against it.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://undocs.org/en/A/62/PV.86|title=United Nations A/62/PV.86 General Assembly Sixty-second session|date=2008-03-14|website=undocs.org|publisher=United Nations}}</ref>
===Frozen conflict===
{{main|Nagorno-Karabakh conflict}}
For three decades multiple violations of the ceasefire occurred, the most serious being the four-day [[2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]].<ref name="diplomatie_150720"/> Surveys indicated that the inhabitants of Nagorno-Karabakh did not want to be part of Azerbaijan, and in August 2019, in an unprecedented declaration in favour of unification, the Armenian prime minister Nikol Pashinyan stated "Artsakh is Armenia, full stop".<ref name=":15">{{cite web|last1=Toal|first1=Gerard |last2=O’Loughlin|first2=John|last3=Bakke|first3=Kristin M.|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: what do residents of the contested territory want for their future?|url=http://theconversation.com/nagorno-karabakh-what-do-residents-of-the-contested-territory-want-for-their-future-147690|access-date=2020-10-15|publisher=The Conversation}}</ref>
Further [[July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes|skirmishes]] occurred on the [[Armenia–Azerbaijan border|border between Armenia and Azerbaijan]] in July 2020.<ref name="diplomatie_150720">{{cite web |title=Armenia/Azerbaijan – Border clashes between the two countries (15 July 2020)|url=https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/armenia/news/article/armenia-azerbaijan-border-clashes-between-the-two-countries-15-jul-2020|publisher=Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs (France)|access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref> Thousands of Azerbaijanis demonstrated for war against Armenia in response, and Turkey voiced its firm support for Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Weise|first1=Zia|last2=Cienski|first2=Jan|last3=Herszenhorn|first3=David M.|date=28 September 2020|title=The Armenia–Azerbaijan conflict explained |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/the-nagorno-karabakh-conflict-explained-armenia-azerbaijan/|publisher=Politico|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> On 29 July 2020, Azerbaijan conducted a series of [[military exercise]]s that lasted from 29 July to 10 August 2020,<ref>{{cite web|title=Игра мускулами: зачем Азербайджан проводит учения с Турцией |url=https://www.gazeta.ru/politics/2020/07/28_a_13168861.shtml|access-date=27 September 2020|website=gazeta.Ru|language=ru}}</ref> followed by further exercises in early September with the involvement of Turkey.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/diplomacy/turkey-azerbaijan-military-drills-intimidate-armenia-president-aliyev-says|title=Turkey-Azerbaijan military drills intimidate Armenia, President Aliyev says|publisher=Daily Sabah|date=20 September 2020|access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref> Prior to the resumption of hostilities, allegations emerged that Turkey had facilitated the transfer of hundreds of [[Syrian National Army]] members from the [[Hamza Division (Aleppo)|Hamza Division]] to Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web |first=Ron|last=Synovitz|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/are-syrian-mercenaries-helping-azerbaijan-fight-for-nagorno-karabakh-/30895331.html|title=Are Syrian Mercenaries Helping Azerbaijan Fight For Nagorno-Karabakh?|publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|date=15 October 2020|access-date=22 October 2020|archive-url=https://archive.is/llvdP|archive-date=22 October 2020}}</ref> The government of Azerbaijan denied the involvement of foreign fighters.<ref>{{cite web|date=3 October 2020|title=Azerbaijani President: There is not a single evidence of any foreign presence in Azerbaijan |url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Azerbaijani-President:-There-is-not-a-single-evidence-of-any-foreign-presence-in-Azerbaijan-331951|access-date=3 October 2020|website=apa.az|quote=There is not a single evidence of any foreign presence in Azerbaijan. We have capable army. We have enough people in our army, we have enough people in our reserves. I announced a partial mobilization, which will allow us to involve tens of thousands of reservists. If necessary, so we don't need it. Armenia needs it, because Armenian population is declining. And it is only two million people.}}</ref>
== Course of the conflict ==
{{main|Timeline of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war}}
=== Overview ===
[[File:September 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes.png|thumb|right|Approximate frontlines at the time of the ceasefire, with Azerbaijan's territorial gains during the war in red, the Lachin corridor under Russian peacekeepers in blue, and areas to be surrendered by Armenia to Azerbaijan hashed.]]
The accounts of engagements in this conflict rely primarily on official statements from belligerents.{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}} The engagements have been characterized by the use of [[armoured warfare]]; [[Drone strike|drone warfare]],<ref name=":6">{{cite news|title=The Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict hints at the future of war|publisher=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/europe/2020/10/10/the-azerbaijan-armenia-conflict-hints-at-the-future-of-war|access-date=2020-10-09|issn=0013-0613}}</ref> especially the use of Turkish-made [[Bayraktar TB2]] and [[Israel]]i [[loitering munition]] Harop drones;<ref name=":4"/><ref name=":2"/> [[Artillery|heavy artillery]]; [[rocket]] attacks; and [[trench warfare]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}} Throughout the campaign, Azerbaijan has relied heavily on drones to strike at Armenian/Artsakh forces, and managed to inflict heavy losses. Having successfully targeted tanks, artillery, and air defense systems, Azerbaijani drones also began targeting units of soldiers. However, some Azerbaijani drones were shot down.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bulos|first=Nabih|date=2020-10-15|title=A new weapon complicates an old war in Nagorno-Karabakh|url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-10-15/drones-complicates-war-armenia-azerbaijan-nagorno-karabakh|url-status=live|access-date=2020-10-28|newspaper=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref name=":12"/> It has also featured the deployment of [[cluster munition]]s, which are [[Convention on Cluster Munitions|banned by the majority of the international community]] but not by Armenia or Azerbaijan:<ref>{{cite web|title=United Nations Treaty Collection|url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-6&chapter=26&lang=en|access-date=2020-10-05|website=treaties.un.org|archive-date=2020-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618150323/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-6&chapter=26&lang=en|url-status=live}}</ref> Azerbaijan states that Armenia has deployed cluster munitions against civilians,<ref>{{cite web|title=Ermenistan cepheden kaçıyor sivilleri vuruyor|url=https://www.dunyabulteni.net/ortadogu/ermenistan-cepheden-kaciyor-sivilleri-vuruyor-h479865.html|url-status=live|access-date=2020-10-25|website=Dünya Bülteni|language=tr}}</ref> and international third parties have confirmed evidence of Azerbaijan's use of cluster munitions against civilian areas of Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: Civilians must be protected from use of banned cluster bombs|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/10/armenia-azerbaijan-civilians-must-be-protected-from-use-of-banned-cluster-bombs/|access-date=2020-10-25|website=amnesty.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Freeman|first=Colin|date=2020-10-05|title=Azerbaijan dropping cluster bombs on civilian areas in war with Armenia|publisher=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/10/05/azerbaijan-dropping-cluster-bombs-civilian-areas-war-armenia/|access-date=2020-10-25|issn=0307-1235}}</ref> A series of attacks have inflicted mass civilian casualties in [[Ganja, Azerbaijan]], while civilian residences and infrastructure in [[Stepanakert]], Artsakh's capital, and elsewhere have been targeted, inflicting casualties and causing extensive damage.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hauer|first=Neil|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Sirens, shelling and shelters in Stepanakert|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/16/nagorno-karabakh-sirens-shelling-and-shelters-in-stepanakert|access-date=2020-10-19|website=aljazeera.com}}</ref> Disinformation and misinformation have accompanied the conflict.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-10-26|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: The Armenian-Azeri 'information wars'|publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54614392|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref>
The amount of territory contested is relatively restricted, but the conflict has expanded beyond the borders of Nagorno-Karabakh due to the level of conflict and kind of munitions deployed and spilled over international borders. Shells and rockets have landed in [[East Azerbaijan Province]] in [[Iran]], although causing no damage,<ref>{{citation|last=Hashemzadeh|first=Mehri|title=اصابت راکت به روستای خلف بیگلو خسارت مالی و جانی نداشت|date=27 September 2020|url=https://www.isna.ir/news/99070604539/|editor-last=Teymouri|editor-first=Robab|publisher=Iranian Students News Agency|language=fa|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rocket attack on northwest of Iran border|publisher=Islamic World News|url=https://english.iswnews.com/15568/rocket-attack-on-northwest-of-iran-border/|access-date=2020-10-01|archive-date=2020-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002122159/https://english.iswnews.com/15568/rocket-attack-on-northwest-of-iran-border/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and Iran has reported several unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) downed or crashed within its territory,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jewishpress.com/news/middle-east/iran-news/iran-reports-crash-of-israeli-made-azeri-drone-in-clashes-with-armenia/2020/10/13/|title=Iran Reports Crash of Israeli-Made Azeri Drone in Clashes with Armenia|date=13 October 2020|publisher=Jewish Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Geopolitics.news|date=2020-09-30|title=Iran shoots down suspected Azerbaijani drone|url=https://geopolitics.news/euroasia/iran-shoots-down-suspected-azerbaijani-drone/|access-date=2020-10-05|publisher=Geopolitics News|archive-date=2020-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010123414/https://geopolitics.news/euroasia/iran-shoots-down-suspected-azerbaijani-drone/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title='Мы предупреждали Алиева!': Иран сбил азербайджанский военный самолёт|url=https://avia.pro/news/my-preduprezhdali-alieva-iran-sbil-azerbaydzhanskiy-voennyy-samolyot|access-date=2020-10-05|website=avia.pro|archive-date=2020-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002115459/https://avia.pro/news/my-preduprezhdali-alieva-iran-sbil-azerbaydzhanskiy-voennyy-samolyot|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Desk|date=2020-09-29|title=Iran confirms its air defenses shot down foreign drone in East Azerbaijan|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/iran-confirms-its-air-defenses-shot-down-foreign-drone-in-east-azerbaijan/|access-date=2020-09-30|publisher=Al-Masdar News|archive-date=2020-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003072747/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/iran-confirms-its-air-defenses-shot-down-foreign-drone-in-east-azerbaijan/|url-status=live}}</ref> while Georgia stated that two UAVs had crashed in [[Kakheti|Kakheti Province]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://police.ge/en/shinagan-saqmeta-saministros-gantskhadeba/14025|title=Statement of the Ministry of Internal Affairs|publisher=Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia|access-date=7 October 2020|date=7 October 2020|archive-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010123414/https://police.ge/en/shinagan-saqmeta-saministros-gantskhadeba/14025|url-status=live}}</ref>
The conflict began with an Azerbaijani ground offensive that included armored formations, supported by artillery and drones, including [[loitering munition]]s. Armenian and Artsakh troops were forced back from their first line of defense in Artsakh's southeast and northern regions, but inflicted significant losses on Azerbaijani armored formations with anti-tank guided missiles and artillery, destroying dozens of vehicles. Azerbaijan made heavy use of drones in strikes against Armenian air defenses, taking out 13 short-range surface-to-air missile systems. Azerbaijani troops managed to make limited gains in the south in the first three days of the conflict. For the next three days, both sides largely exchanged fire from fixed positions. In the north, Armenian/Artsakh forces counterattacked, managing to retake some ground. Their largest counterattack took place on the fourth day, but incurred heavy losses when their armor and artillery units were exposed to Azerbaijani attack drones, loitering munitions, and reconnaissance drones spotting for Azerbaijani artillery as they maneuvered in the open.<ref name="warontherocks">{{cite web|date=2020-10-14|title=The Second Nagorno-Karabakh War, Two Weeks In |url=http://warontherocks.com/2020/10/the-second-nagorno-karabakh-war-two-weeks-in/|access-date=2020-10-16|publisher=War on the Rocks}}</ref>
On the sixth day, Azerbaijan and Armenia/Artsakh began trading missile and rocket artillery strikes against infrastructure. Among the targets hit were [[Stepanakert]], the capital of Artsakh, which was repeatedly shelled with rocket artillery, a bridge linking Armenia with Nagorno-Karabakh, which was taken out in a missile strike, and [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]], which was hit [[2020 Ganja ballistic missile attacks|four times]] by Armenian and Artsakh, with [[Ganja International Airport]] among the targets. On the morning of the seventh day, Azerbaijan launched a major offensive. The Azerbaijani Army's First, Second, and Third Army Corps, reinforced by reservists from the Fourth Army Corps, began an advance in the north, making some territorial gains, but the Azerbaijani advance stalled.<ref name=warontherocks/>
Most of the fighting subsequently shifted to the south, in terrain that is relatively flat and underpopulated as compared to the mountainous north. Azerbaijani forces launched offensives toward [[Jabrayil]] and [[Füzuli (city)|Füzuli]], managing to break through the multi-layered Armenian/Artsakh defensive lines and recapture a stretch of territory held by Armenian troops as a buffer zone, but the fighting subsequently stalled.<ref name=warontherocks/>
After the shelling of [[Khojavend (town)|Khojavend (Martuni)]],<ref>{{cite news|date=15 October 2020|title=Taking Up Arms in Nagorno-Karabackh|publisher=Bloomberg|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2020-10-15/taking-up-arms-in-nagorno-karabackh-video|url-status=live}}</ref> Artsakh authorities began mobilizing civilians.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-15|title=Nagorno-Karabakh volunteers get weapons as clashes intensify|url=https://apnews.com/article/azerbaijan-armenia-c016829766e7f8a84708be53b6fcef21|access-date=2020-10-15|agency=AP NEWS}}</ref> Just before 04:00 (00:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]) on 10 October 2020, Russia reported that both Armenia and Azerbaijan had agreed on a humanitarian ceasefire after ten hours of talks in Moscow (the Moscow Statement) and announced that both would enter "substantive" talks.{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}} After the declared ceasefire, the President of Artsakh admitted Azerbaijan had been able to achieve some success, moving the front deep into Artsakh territory;<ref name="movingdeeper">{{cite news|date=2020-10-14|title=Конфликт в Карабахе: Азербайджан ударил по территории Армении|language=ru|publisher=BBC Russian Service|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f86c247c4548e02bf3cb153%26%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%20%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8F%20%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%8F%3A%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%20%D0%9D%D0%9A%D0%A0%262020-10-14T09%3A18%3A00.674Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:189add94-ce6d-4bcb-898a-6fb236258776&pinned_post_asset_id=5f86c247c4548e02bf3cb153&pinned_post_type=share|url-status=live|access-date=2020-10-14}}</ref> the Armenian Prime Minister announced that Armenian forces had conducted a "partial retreat".<ref name="partialretreat">{{cite web|date=2020-10-14|title=Пашинян заявил о частичном отступлении в Карабахе|url=https://ria.ru/20201014/karabakh-1579764261.html?fbclid=IwAR1orDnUuP25us0xGeYB0iY1EC-cMLDYWhGS0pm3KwNlDjYLSQT3gCXLCoY|url-status=live|access-date=2020-10-15|publisher=RIA Novosti|language=ru}}</ref>
The ceasefire quickly broke down and the Azerbaijani advance continued. Within days Azerbaijan announced the capture of dozens of villages on the southern front.<ref>Chiragov, Fuad: [https://jamestown.org/program/azerbaijan-makes-strategic-advances-along-karabakhs-northern-southern-flanks/ Azerbaijan Makes Strategic Advances Along Karabakh’s Northern, Southern Flanks] – ''[[The Jamestown Foundation]]''</ref> A second ceasefire attempt midnight 17 October 2020 was also ignored.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54686682?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f971bd849467302d61cdec7%26%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B%20%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%20%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%20%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%20%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE%20%D0%B8%D0%B7%20%D0%B2%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%262020-10-26T18%3A56%3A26.219Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:99078f11-17be-44e3-9acc-d586b733b3fe&pinned_post_asset_id=5f971bd849467302d61cdec7&pinned_post_type=share|title=Минобороны Азербайджана опубликовало еще одно видео из взятого села|date=26 October 2020|access-date=26 October 2020 |publisher=BBC Russian Service|language=ru}}</ref> Azerbaijan announced the capture of Jabrayil on 9 October 2020 and Füzuli on 19 October 2020. Azerbaijani troops also captured the [[Khoda Afarin Dam]] and [[Khodaafarin Bridges]]. Azerbaijan announced that the border area with Iran was fully secured with the capture of Agbend on 22 October 2020.<ref>{{cite web|title=Azerbaijan claims "full control" of border with Iran|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/international/article/azerbaijan-claims-full-control-of-border-with-iran/671484|access-date=2020-10-28|website=timesnownews.com}}</ref> Azerbaijani forces then turned northwest, advancing towards the Lachin corridor, the sole highway between Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh, putting it within artillery range. According to Artsakh, a counterattack repelled forward elements of the Azerbaijani force and pushed them back. Armenian/Artsakh resistance had managed to halt the Azerbaijani advance to within 25 kilometers of the Lachin corridor by 26 October 2020. Artsakh troops who had retreated into the mountains and forests began launching small-unit attacks against exposed Azerbaijani infantry and armor, and Armenian forces launched a counteroffensive near the far southwestern border between Armenia and Azerbaijan.<ref>[https://asiatimes.com/2020/10/azerbaijans-next-move-will-make-or-break-karabakh-war/ Azerbaijan's next move will make or break Karabakh war] – Asia Times</ref> On 26 October 2020, a US-brokered ceasefire came into effect, but fighting resumed within minutes.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54686284 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: US-brokered ceasefire frays soon after starting] – BBC News</ref><ref>[https://www.forbes.com/sites/sebastienroblin/2020/10/26/despite-ceasefire-fate-of-the-nagorno-karabakh-may-turn-on-the-lachin-corridor/ Despite Ceasefire, Fate Of The Nagorno-Karabakh May Turn On The Lachin Corridor] – Roblin, Sebastien: Forbes</ref> Three days later, the Artsakh authorities stated that the Azerbaijani forces were {{cvt|5|km}} from [[Shusha]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54686682?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f9ae1e749467302d61ce2af%26%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%20%D0%9D%D0%9A%D0%A0%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%2C%20%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%20%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%20-%20%D0%B2%20%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%20%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%20%D0%BE%D1%82%20%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B8%262020-10-29T15%3A38%3A16.880Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:083b4e4a-bb84-48ca-8f7b-15c5cd831799&pinned_post_asset_id=5f9ae1e749467302d61ce2af&pinned_post_type=share|title=Глава НКР заявил, что азербайджанская армия – в пяти километрах от Шуши|date=29 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020|publisher=BBC Russian Service|language=ru}}</ref> On 8 November 2020, Azerbaijani forces [[Battle of Shusha (2020)|seized Shusha]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ft.com/content/c9dab829-3b4a-4464-a0c3-4d5c51aa1b0e|title= Azerbaijan captures strategic city in Nagorno-Karabakh|date=9 November 2020|publisher=Financial Times}}</ref> the second-largest city in Artsakh before the war, located 15 kilometers from [[Stepanakert]], the republic's capital.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hovhannisyan|first=Nvard|last2=Bagirova|first2=Nailia|date=2020-11-09|title=Fierce fighting in Nagorno-Karabakh after Azeris say they advance|agency=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan/fighting-rages-around-strategic-city-in-nagorno-karabakh-armenia-says-idUSKBN27P1FL |access-date=2020-11-09}}</ref>
=== Ceasefire agreement ===
{{main|2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement}}
[[File:2020 Artsakh ceasefire map.svg|thumb|upright=1.2|Map of the ceasefire agreement
{{legend|#B0EBA1|Azerbaijan outside of the conflict zone}}
{{legend|#FFB380|Armenia}}
{{legend|#37C871|Areas captured by Azerbaijan, to stay under its control}}
{{legend|#AFE9DD|[[Agdam District]]: to be transferred to Azerbaijan by 20 November}}
{{legend|#87DECD|[[Kalbajar District]]: to be transferred to Azerbaijan by 25 November}}
{{legend|#D7F4EE|[[Lachin District]]: to be transferred to Azerbaijan by 1 December}}
{{legend|#FFCCAA|Part of [[Nagorno-Karabakh]] with no scheduled cession to Azerbaijan}}
{{legend|#BA8895|Lachin corridor, monitored by Russian peacekeepers}}
{{legend-line|darkred solid 2px|Access roads into Nagorno-Karabakh}}
{{legend-line|lightgreen solid 2px|New Azerbaijani transport corridor to be established}}
{{legend-line|black dotted 2px|[[Nagorno-Karabakh Line of Contact|Line of contact]] before the 2020 conflict.}}
{{legend-line|black dashed 1.5px|Other areas claimed by Artsakh}}
]]
On 9 November 2020, in the aftermath of the capture of Shusha, a ceasefire agreement was signed by the President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, the Prime Minister of Armenia, Nikol Pashinyan, and the President of Russia, Vladimir Putin, ending all hostilities in the zone of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict from 10 November 2020, 00:00 Moscow time.<ref name="RIANovosti"/><ref name="RIA Novosti"/><ref name=":18"/> The President of Artsakh, Arayik Harutyunyan, also agreed to end the hostilities.<ref name="ria.ru"/>
Under the terms of the deal, both belligerent parties were to exchange prisoners of war and the bodies of the fallen. Furthermore, Armenian forces were to withdraw from Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh by 1 December 2020, while a peacekeeping force, provided by the [[Russian Ground Forces]] and led by Lieutenant General [[Rustam Muradov]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.turan.az/ext/news/2020/11/free/politics%20news/en/129784.htm|title=General Rustam Muradov is appointed Commander of Russian peacekeepers in Karabakh|date=11 November 2020|access-date=11 November 2020|publisher=Turan Information Agency}}</ref> of just under 2,000 soldiers would be deployed for a minimum of five years along the line of contact and the Lachin corridor linking Armenia and the Nagorno-Karabakh region. Additionally, Armenia undertook to "guarantee safety" of passage between Azerbaijan′s [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchivan]] exclave and mainland Azerbaijan in both directions, while Russia′s [[Border Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation|border troops]] (under the [[Federal Security Service]]) were to "exercise control over the transport communication".<ref name="kremlinagreem">{{cite news|date=10 November 2020|title=Заявление Президента Азербайджанской Республики, Премьер-министра Республики Армения и Президента Российской Федерации|publisher=[[Kremlin.ru]]|language=Russian|url=http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/64384|access-date=15 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="peace2">{{cite web|date=10 November 2020|title=Пашинян заявляет о подписании мирного соглашения |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54686682?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fa9bb8967645202b6c4e0c2%26%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BD%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82%20%D0%BE%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%262020-11-09T21%3A58%3A34.129Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:cff55216-dfba-4dc6-9a6a-bdf38d9793c7&pinned_post_asset_id=5fa9bb8967645202b6c4e0c2&pinned_post_type=share|access-date=10 November 2020|publisher=BBC Russian Service|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=10 November 2020|title=Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia sign Nagorno-Karabakh peace deal|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54882564|access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref>
=== Non-military actions taken by Armenia and Azerbaijan ===
Since the beginning of the conflict, both Armenia and Azerbaijan declared [[martial law]], limiting the [[freedom of speech]]. In the meanwhile, a new law came into effect since October 2020 in Armenia, which prohibits negative coverage of the situation at the front.<ref>{{cite web|first=Dimitri|last=Avaliani|url=https://jam-news.net/karabakh-conflict-news-information-war-journalists-armenia-azerbaijan/|title=The (dis)information war around Karabakh|date=28 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020|publisher=JAM News}}</ref> Restrictions have been reported on the work of international journalists in Azerbaijan, with no corresponding restrictions reported in Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-08|title='France is no longer an honest broker', say Azeri officials ahead of Nagorno-Karabakh talks |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20201008-france-is-no-longer-an-honest-broker-say-azeri-officials-ahead-of-nagorno-karabakh-talks|access-date=2020-10-21|publisher=France 24}}</ref>
==== Armenia ====
[[File:Broadcasting events of the frontline. Republic Square, Yerevan, Armenia.jpg|thumb|right|A pro-military billboard in [[Republic Square, Yerevan|Republic Square]], [[Yerevan]] on 7 October 2020.]]
On 28 September 2020, Armenia banned men aged over 18 listed in the mobilization reserve from leaving the country.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://tass.com/armeniaazerbaij-conflict/1206133|title=Armenian cabinet bans all men from mobilization reserve aged over 18 from leaving state|website=tass.com|agency=TASS|access-date=28 September 2020|date=28 September 2020|archive-date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929044004/https://tass.com/armeniaazerbaij-conflict/1206133|url-status=live}}</ref> The next day, it postponed the trial of former President [[Robert Kocharyan]] and other former officials charged in the 2008 post-election unrest case, owing to one of the defendants, the former Defence Minister of Armenia, [[Seyran Ohanyan]], going to Artsakh during the conflict.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029400.html|title=Kocharyan trial delayed as indicted ex-defense minister Seyran Ohanyan heads to Artsakh amid attack|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|access-date=29 September 2020|date=29 September 2020|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930163710/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029400.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 1 October 2020, the [[National Security Service (Armenia)|Armenian National Security Service]] (NSS) stated that it had arrested and charged a former high-ranking Armenian military official with treason on suspicion of spying for Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029750.html|title=Armenia ex-military official charged with high treason on suspicion of spying for Azeri intelligence |website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|date=1 October 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-date=3 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003145424/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029750.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Three days later, the NSS stated that it had arrested several foreign citizens on suspicion of spying.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1030334.html|title=NSS Armenia arrests foreign citizens on intelligence suspicions|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|date=4 October 2020 |access-date=4 October 2020|archive-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004220058/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1030334.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Protesting [[Israel]]i [[Defense industry of Israel|arms sales]] to Azerbaijan, Armenia has recalled its ambassador to Israel.<ref>{{cite news|date=1 October 2020|title=Armenia recalls ambassador to Israel over arms sales to Azerbaijan|agency=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-israel/armenia-recalls-ambassador-to-israel-over-arms-sales-to-azerbaijan-idUSKBN26M76L|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009224731/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-israel/armenia-recalls-ambassador-to-israel-over-arms-sales-to-azerbaijan-idUSKBN26M76L|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 8 October 2020, the [[President of Armenia|Armenian President]], [[Armen Sarkissian]], dismissed the director of the NSS.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1030826.html|title=Director of Armenia's National Security Service dismissed|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|access-date=8 October 2020|date=8 October 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011140742/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1030826.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Subsequently, the Armenian government toughened the martial law and prohibited criticizing state bodies and "propaganda aimed at disruption of the defense capacity of the country".<ref name="armenianmartiallaw">{{cite web|url=https://jam-news.net/armenia-spy-caught-martial-law-toughened/ |title=Stepanakert man detained after convincing soldiers to forfeit positions to Azerbaijani army|publisher=Jam News|date=9 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011140742/https://jam-news.net/armenia-spy-caught-martial-law-toughened/|url-status=live}}</ref> On the same day, the Armenian MoD canceled ''a [[Novaya Gazeta]]'' correspondent's journalistic accreditation, officially for entering Nagorno-Karabakh without accreditation.<ref name="novayagazeta">{{cite web|url=https://meduza.io/amp/news/2020/10/08/mid-armenii-lishil-akkreditatsii-zhurnalista-novoy-gazety-ilyu-azara-posle-reportazha-iz-nagornogo-karabaha|title=МИД Армении лишил аккредитации журналиста "Новой газеты" Илью Азара после репортажа из Нагорного Карабаха |website=meduza.io|date=8 October 2020|access-date=8 October 2020|language=ru|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008203958/https://meduza.io/amp/news/2020/10/08/mid-armenii-lishil-akkreditatsii-zhurnalista-novoy-gazety-ilyu-azara-posle-reportazha-iz-nagornogo-karabaha|url-status=live}}</ref> On 9 October 2020, Armenia tightened its security legislation.<ref name="armenianmartiallaw"/> On 21 October 2020, the Armenian Cabinet of Ministers temporarily banned the import of [[Economy of Turkey|Turkish goods]], the decision will come into force on 31 December 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20201021/armeniya-1580851789.html |title=Правительство Армении запретило импорт турецких товаров|publisher=RIA Novosti|date=21 October 2020|access-date=21 October 2020 |language=ru|url-status=live}}</ref> The following day, the [[National Assembly (Armenia)|Armenian parliament]] passed a law to write off the debts of the Armenian servicemen wounded during the clashes and the debts of the families of those killed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jam-news.net/debts-have-been-written-off-for-the-families-of-servicemen-they-have-also-received-compensation/|title=Debt write-offs for soldiers' families and tax breaks for military service in Armenia|publisher=JAM News|date=22 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref>
On 27 October 2020, the Armenian president Armen Sarkissian dismissed the head of the counterintelligence department of the National Security Service, Major General Hovhannes Karumyan and the chief of staff of the border troops of the National Security Service Gagik Tevosyan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54686682?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f981b6249467302d61cdf75%26%D0%92%20%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%20%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B8%20%D0%B8%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%262020-10-27T13%3A06%3A43.560Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:6b5f42eb-3695-495e-8f64-5b11e65e4b10&pinned_post_asset_id=5f981b6249467302d61cdf75&pinned_post_type=share|title=В Армении уволены начальник контрразведки и начштаба погранохраны|publisher=BBC Russian Service|date=27 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020|language=ru}}</ref> On 8 November 2020, Sarkissian yet again dismissed the interim head of the National Security Service.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54686682?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fa7ea3249467302d61cf875%26%D0%92%20%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%20%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%20%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%20%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B8%262020-11-08T13%3A12%3A37.907Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:ad1d9282-5442-4b27-821e-159945577a65&pinned_post_asset_id=5fa7ea3249467302d61cf875&pinned_post_type=share|title=В Армении снова уволен глава контрразведки|publisher=BBC Russian Service|date=8 November 2020|access-date=8 November 2020|language=ru}}</ref>
As of 8 November 2020, one Armenian activist was fined by the police for his anti-war post.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://oc-media.org/armenian-police-fine-peace-activist-over-anti-war-post/?fbclid=IwAR1H9jdP14q5IghiLF6mmHgK_zHcuu3bzzUaDuu0EpA0Ao1gXjhPvyCss2U|title=Armenian police fine peace activist over anti-war post|publisher=OC Media|date=8 November 2020|access-date=8 November 2020}}</ref>
==== Azerbaijan ====
[[File:Azerbaijani flag in Baku during the conflict in Karabakh 30.jpg|thumb|right|[[Flag of Azerbaijan|Azerbaijani flag]] in Jafar Jabbarly Square near the [[28 May (Baku Metro)|28 May]] station in [[Baku]] on 10 October 2020.]]
On 27 September 2020, Azerbaijani authorities restricted internet access shortly after the clashes began. According to an official statement, this was done to prevent Armenian provocations.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://tvrain.ru/news/vlasti_azerbajdzhana_ogranichili_dostup_k_internetu_posle_obstrelov_v_karabahe-516731/|title=Власти Азербайджана ограничили доступ к интернету после обстрелов в Карабахе |website=tvrain.ru|publisher=Dozhd|date=27 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020|language=ru|archive-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004151626/https://tvrain.ru/news/vlasti_azerbajdzhana_ogranichili_dostup_k_internetu_posle_obstrelov_v_karabahe-516731/|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[National Assembly (Azerbaijan)|National Assembly of Azerbaijan]] declared a curfew in [[Baku]], [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]], [[Goygol District|Goygol]], [[Yevlakh District|Yevlakh]] and a number of districts from midnight on 28 September 2020,<ref>{{cite web|title=Azərbaycanda komendant saatı elan olundu|url=https://www.azerbaycan24.com/azerbaycanda-komendant-saati-elan-olundu/|website=azerbaycan24.com|access-date=27 September 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927135515/https://www.azerbaycan24.com/azerbaycanda-komendant-saati-elan-olundu/ |archivedate=27 September 2020|language=az|date=27 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Bu gecədən komendant saatı elan olunur|url=https://aqreqator.az/az/siyaset/1029826|website=aqreqator.az|access-date=27 September 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927135427/https://aqreqator.az/az/siyaset/1029826|archivedate=27 September 2020|language=az|date=27 September 2020}}</ref> under the Interior Minister, [[Vilayet Eyvazov]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Vilayat-Eyvazov-appointed-commandant-of-areas-where-curfew-is-applied-colorred-ORDERcolor-331394|title=Vilayat Eyvazov appointed commandant of areas where curfew is applied|website=apa.az|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}{{Dead link|date=October 2020|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> [[Azerbaijan Airlines]] announced that all airports in Azerbaijan would be closed to regular passenger flights until 30 September 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.azal.az/az/offer/549|title=Mətbuat xidmətinin məlumatı |website=azal.az |publisher=Azerbaijan Airlines |access-date=28 September 2020 |language=az|date=28 September 2020 |archive-date=6 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706180846/https://www.azal.az/az/offer/549|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Military Prosecutor's Offices of Fizuli, Tartar, Karabakh and Ganja began criminal investigations of war and other crimes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genprosecutor.gov.az/az/post/2785|title=Mətbuat xidmətinin MƏLUMATI – cəbhədəki son vəziyyət|website=genprosecutor.gov.az|publisher=Prosecutor General's Office of Azerbaijan|access-date=28 September 2020|language=az|date=27 September 2020|archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928071020/https://genprosecutor.gov.az/az/post/2785 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Also on 28 September 2020, the President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, issued a decree authorising a partial mobilization in Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mincom.gov.az/en/view/news/992/order-of-the-president-of-the-republic-of-azerbaijan-on-the-announcement-of-partial-mobilization-in-the-republic-of-azerbaijan|title=Order of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the announcement of partial mobilization in the Republic of Azerbaijan|publisher=Ministry of Transport, Communications and High Technologies (Azerbaijan)|access-date=12 October 2020|date=28 September 2020}}</ref> On 8 October 2020, Azerbaijan recalled its ambassador to [[Greece]] for consultations, following allegations of [[Armenians in Greece|Armenians from Greece]] arriving in Nagorno-Karabakh to fight against Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ekathimerini.com/257836/article/ekathimerini/news/azerbaijan-recalls-its-ambassador-to-greece-for-consultations|title=Azerbaijan recalls its ambassador to Greece for consultations |website=ekathimerini.com|access-date=8 October 2020|date=8 October 2020}}</ref> Three days later, the [[State Security Service (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijani State Security Service (SSS)]] warned against a potential Armenian-backed terror attack.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.azernews.az/aggression/170802.html|title=State Security Service issues warning over Armenian terror threat|publisher=AzerNews|access-date=29 October 2020|date=16 October 2020}}</ref>
On 17 October 2020, the Azerbaijani MoFA stated that member of the [[State Duma|Russian State Duma]] from the ruling [[United Russia]], [[Vitaly Milonov]], was declared ''[[persona non grata]]'' in [[List of people declared personae non gratae in Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]] for visiting Nagorno-Karabakh without permission from the Azerbaijani government.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://report.az/ru/nagorno-karabakhskiy-konflikt/deputatu-gosdumy-zapretili-vezd-v-azerbajdzhan/|title=Депутату Госдумы запретили въезд в Азербайджан|agency=Report Information Agency|access-date=16 October 2020|language=ru|date=16 October 2020}}</ref> On 24 October 2020, by recommendation of the [[Central Bank of Azerbaijan]], the member banks of the Azerbaijani Banks' Association unanimously adopted a decision to write off the debts of the military servicemen and civilians who died during the conflict.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Consumer-credits-of-our-martyred-military-servicemen-and-civilian-citizens-who-sustained-damage-as-result-of-enemy-provocation-to-be-completely-written-off-333780|title=Consumer credits of our martyred military servicemen and civilian citizens who sustained damage as result of enemy provocation to be completely written off|website=apa.az|access-date=16 October 2020|date=16 October 2020}}</ref>
On 29 October 2020, the President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, issued a decree on the formation of temporary commandant's offices in the areas that the Azerbaijani forces seized control of during the conflict. According to the decree, the commandants will be appointed by the [[Ministry of Internal Affairs (Azerbaijan)|Ministry of Internal Affairs]], but they will have to coordinate with other executive bodies of the government, including [[Ministry of Defence (Azerbaijan)|Ministry of Defense]], the [[State Border Service (Azerbaijan)|State Border Service]], the [[State Security Service (Azerbaijan)|State Security Service]], and [[ANAMA]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://president.az/articles/44886|title=Azərbaycan Respublikasının işğaldan azad olunmuş ərazilərində müvəqqəti xüsusi idarəetmənin təşkili haqqında Azərbaycan Respublikası Prezidentinin Fərmanı|first=Ilham|last=Aliyev|author-link=Ilham Aliyev|website=president.az|publisher=Presidential Administration of Azerbaijan|date=29 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020 |language=az}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54686682?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f9ad00667645202b6c4c77c%26%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%20%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82%20%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%262020-10-29T14%3A21%3A59.656Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:5370b84f-3e8a-43ec-9afd-c8cfee40a0b3&pinned_post_asset_id=5f9ad00667645202b6c4c77c&pinned_post_type=share|title=Азербайджан создает комендатуры отвоеванных районов|publisher=BBC Russian Service|date=29 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020|language=ru}}</ref>
On 31 October 2020, after gaining control of the territories on the border with Iran, Azerbaijan has established control over four more border posts.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mil.in.ua/uk/news/azerbajdzhan-vidnovyv-shhe-chotyry-prykordonni-zastavy/|title=Azerbaijan has restored four more border posts|date=2020-10-31|website=mil.in.ua|publisher=Ukrainian military portal|access-date=2020-10-31}}</ref>
By 4 November 2020, six peace activists from Azerbaijan have been called to questioning by the State Security Service, due to their anti-war activism in Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2020/1029/In-Azerbaijan-and-Armenia-a-brave-few-call-for-end-to-fighting|title=In Azerbaijan and Armenia, a brave few call for end to fighting|publisher=The Christian Science Monitor|date=31 October 2020|access-date=5 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Azerbaijani peace activists called for questioning|url=https://oc-media.org/azerbaijani-peace-activists-called-for-questioning/|publisher=OC Media|date=13 October 2020|access-date=2 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=28 September 2020|title=Anti-war activist detained by Azerbaijani security service|url=https://oc-media.org/anti-war-activist-detained-by-azerbaijani-security-service/|url-status=live|access-date=2 November 2020|publisher=C Media}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Live updates: Day 37 of war in Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://oc-media.org/live-updates-day-37-of-war-in-nagorno-karabakh/|publisher=OC Media|date=2 November 2020|access-date=2 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://oc-media.org/live-updates-day-39-of-war-in-nagorno-karabakh/|title=Live updates: Day 39 of war in Nagorno-Karabakh|publisher=OC Media|date=4 November 2020|access-date=5 November 2020}}</ref>
== Aftermath ==
[[File:Azerbaijani people celebrating victory in Karabakh. Sheikh Shamil street.jpg|thumb|Celebrations in [[Baku]], Azerbaijan after the peace treaty.]]
=== Armenia ===
Shortly after the news about the [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement|signing the ceasefire agreement]] broke in the early hours of 10 November, [[2020 Armenian protests|violent protests]] erupted in [[Armenia]] against [[Nikol Pashinyan]], claiming he was a "traitor" for having accepted the peace deal.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kramer|first=Andrew E.|date=2020-11-10|title=Facing Military Debacle, Armenia Accepts a Deal in Nagorno-Karabakh War|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/09/world/middleeast/armenia-settlement-nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan.html|access-date=2020-11-10 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Protesters also seized the parliament building by breaking a metal door, and pulled the [[President of the National Assembly of Armenia]] [[Ararat Mirzoyan]] from a car and beat him.<ref>{{cite web|date=10 November 2020|title=Протестующие в Ереване избили спикера парламента Армении|url=https://ria.ru/20201110/armeniya-1583852881.html|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=11 November 2020|website=РИА Новости|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Demonstrators seized the building of the Armenian parliament|url=https://www.interfax.ru/world/736343|url-status=live|access-date=2020-11-11|website=interfax.ru|language=ru}}</ref> Throughout November, Armenian minister of foreign affairs, [[Zohrab Mnatsakanyan]],<ref>[https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/world/2020/11/16/Armenia-s-foreign-minister-resigns-week-after-ceasefire-deal-with-Azerbaijan Armenia's foreign minister resigns week after ceasefire deal with Azerbaijan] [[Al-Arabiya]], 16 November 2020</ref> minister of defence, [[David Tonoyan]],<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/20/armenian-defence-minister-tenders-resignation-says-aravot-daily Armenian defence minister tenders resignation: Report] [[Al Jazeera]], 20 November 2020</ref> head of the same ministry’s military control service, [[Movses Hakobyan]],<ref>[https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1035242/ Head of Armenian defense ministry’s military control service resigns] [[Armenpress]], 18 November 2020</ref> the spokesman of Armenia's Defense Ministry [[Artsrun Hovhannisyan]] resigned from their posts.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news.az/news/official-representative-of-armenias-defense-ministry-resigns|title=Official representative of Armenia's Defense Ministry resigns|date=12 November 2020}}</ref>
=== Returning of occupied territories ===
Ahead of the transfer of [[Kalbajar District]] from Artsakh to Azerbaijan under the terms of the ceasefire agreement, ethnic Armenians burnt their homes to prevent them being reinhabited by Azerbaijanis.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20201113-armenians-flee-homes-as-azerbaijan-takeover-looms |title=Armenians flee homes as Azerbaijan takeover looms |date=13 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[France24]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first=Anelise |last=Borges |url=https://www.euronews.com/2020/11/14/nagorno-karabakh-ethnic-armenians-set-fire-to-their-homes-rather-than-hand-them-to-azerbai |title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Ethnic Armenians set fire to their homes rather than hand them to Azerbaijan |date=14 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[Euronews]] }}</ref> The district had been mostly inhabited by ethnic Azerbaijanis before the First Nagorno-Karabakh War and was re-settled by Armenian citizens after the conflict.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/armenia-to-begin-handing-over-territory-to-azerbaijan-under-terms-of-truce/30950886.html |title=Azerbaijan Extends Deadline For Armenia To Withdraw From Key District Under Karabakh Truce |date=15 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] }}</ref> Some Armenians took their dead relatives' remains with them,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/nov/14/nagorno-karabakh-villagers-burn-their-homes-ahead-of-peace-deal |title=Armenians residents in Kalbajar burn their homes before Azerbaijan handover |date=14 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] }}</ref> and ''Reuters'' reported that villagers were "carting off everything they could as trucks nearby loaded up with household possessions".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-village-idUSKBN27U0FQ |title=Armenians set fire to homes before handing village over to Azerbaijan |date=14 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[Reuters]] }}</ref> The reports of house burning emerged on 13 November,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://oc-media.org/live-updates-some-armenian-residents-of-kalbajar-burn-homes/ |title=Live updates: Some Armenian residents of Kalbajar burn homes |date=13 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[OC Media]] }}</ref> and on 15 November ''Agence France-Presse'' reported that in [[Çərəktar]] at least six houses were set on fire.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Hervé |last=Bar |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/11/15/azerbaijan-extends-armenian-pullout-deadline-from-disputed-area-a72048 |title=Azerbaijan Extends Armenian Pullout Deadline From Disputed Area |date=15 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Moscow Times]] }}</ref> At Armenia's request, Azerbaijan extended the deadline for Armenians to fully vacate Kalbajar District by 10 days, until 25 November. Azerbaijan's Presidential Office stated that they took the worsening weather and the fact that there was only one road to Armenia into consideration when agreeing to extend the deadline.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/15/armenia-cedes-disputed-land-to-azerbaijan-after-peace-deal |title=Azerbaijan extends Armenian pullout deadline from Kalbajar |date=15 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] }}</ref> Azerbaijan's authorities denounced civilians leaving the area for burning houses and committing what it termed "ecological terror".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/world/asia/ecological-terror-azerbaijan-delays-takeover-denounces-fleeing-armenians-20201116-p56eu6.html?ref=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_source=rss_feed |title='Ecological terror': Azerbaijan delays takeover, Armenians torch homes |date=15 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[Brisbane Times]] }}</ref>
On 19 November, ''Agence France-Presse'' reported that the Armenian soldiers were destroying buildings of their headquarters in [[Agdam|Ağdam]], a major city housing about 200,000 people until the [[Battle of Aghdam|battle over the city]] in 1993, with over 90% Azerbaijani majority, but since became a [[ghost town]]. The Armenians living in [[Agdam District|Aghdam District]] also had set their homes on fire.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/20/azerbaijan-army-enters-district-handed-over-by-armenia |title=Azerbaijan enters Nagorno-Karabakh district after peace deal |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=20 November 2020 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] }}</ref> The next day, Azerbaijani forces entered [[Agdam|Ağdam]], [[Rustam Muradov]], the chief of staff of the Russian peacekeeping task force in the region stating that the handover operation was carried out without incident.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan-army-enters-aghdam-armenians-flee/30959905.html |title=Azerbaijani Troops Take Control Of Agdam As Armenians Flee |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=20 November 2020 |work=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] }}</ref>
=== Azerbaijan ===
In contrast, the peace agreement and the end of the war was seen as a victory and was widely celebrated in Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web|last=Agency|first=Anadolu|date=2020-11-10|title=Euphoric Azerbaijanis celebrate "victorious" Nagorno-Karabakh peace deal|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/euphoric-azerbaijanis-celebrate-victorious-nagorno-karabakh-peace-deal/news|access-date=2020-11-10|website=Daily Sabah}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Dixon|first=Robyn|date=10 November 2020|title=Cease-fire in Nagorno-Karabakh provokes protests in Armenia, celebrations in Azerbaijan|newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/nagorno-karabakh-ceasefire-armenia-russia-azerbaijan/2020/11/10/b1b9bcc0-231b-11eb-9c4a-0dc6242c4814_story.html|access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref> On 10 November 2020, crowds waved flags in [[Baku]] when the deal was announced.<ref>{{cite news|date=2020-11-10|title=Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia sign Nagorno-Karabakh peace deal|publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54882564|access-date=2020-11-11}}</ref> The [[Armenian Apostolic Church]] reported that Ghazanchetsots Cathedral had been defaced after Azerbaijani forces took control of Shusha, prompting a statement by the Armenian Foreign Ministry denouncing the vandalism; Azerbaijani President Aliyev issued a statement saying Christian churches would be protected.<ref name="heintz-delay">{{cite news|last1=Heintz|first1=Jim|date=15 November 2020|title=Azerbaijan delays takeover, denounces fleeing Armenians|work=AP News|agency=AP|url=https://apnews.com/article/peacekeeping-forces-azerbaijan-russia-vladimir-putin-armenia-07679eadaeb535be478331e6113463c9|accessdate=15 November 2020}}</ref>
== Casualties, equipment losses and infrastructure damage ==
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| image1 = Rescue teams work at a site hit by a rocket during fighting over the breakaway region of Nagorno-Karabakh, in the city of Ganja, Azerbaijan, early Oct. 17, 2020.png
| caption1 = Rescue teams in [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]], second-largest city of [[Azerbaijan]], at a site hit by an [[2020 Ganja ballistic missile attacks|attack]].
| image2 = Stepanakert on October 4, 2020.webm
| thumbtime2 = 00:27
| caption2 = [[Stepanakert]], the capital city of the [[Republic of Artsakh]], has been heavily damaged by [[2020 bombardment of Stepanakert|shelling during the conflict]].
}}
{{main|Casualties of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war}}
Civilian and military casualties have been high,<ref name=":10">{{cite web|title=The human cost of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/12/the-human-cost-of-the-nagorno-karabakh-conflict|access-date=2020-10-15|website=aljazeera.com}}</ref> officially in the hundreds and possibly in the low thousands,<ref name=":4">{{cite news|last1=McKernan|first1=Bethan|last2=Zavallis |first2=Achilleas|date=2020-10-13|title=Trench warfare, drones and cowering civilians: on the ground in Nagorno-Karabakh|publisher=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/oct/13/trench-warfare-drones-and-cowering-civilians-on-the-ground-in-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=2020-10-13|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> with casualty reports not having been independently verified. Civilian areas, including major cities, have been hit, including Azerbaijan's second-largest city, Ganja, and the region's capital, Stepanakert, with many buildings and homes destroyed.<ref>{{cite news|date=2020-10-05|title=In pictures: Fighting rages in Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54418901|access-date=2020-10-05|archive-date=2020-10-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005180202/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54418901|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2020-10-04|title=Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: Major cities hit as heavy fighting continues|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54407436|access-date=2020-10-05|archive-date=2020-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004100202/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54407436|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Ghazanchetsots Cathedral]] has also been damaged.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ronzheimer |first1=Paul|last2=Moutafis|first2=Giorgos|date=9 October 2020|title=Church bombed to ruins|language=de|publisher=Bild|url=https://m.bild.de/politik/international/bild-international/bild-reporter-at-armenian-frontline-church-bombed-to-ruins-73330690,view=amp.bildMobile.html|archiveurl=https://archive.vn/xwnWw|archive-date=9 October 2020}}</ref> Several outlets reported increased cases of [[COVID-19]] in Nagorno-Karabakh, particularly the city of Stepanakert, where the population is forced to live in overcrowded [[bunker]]s, due to Azerbaijan artillery and drone strikes, and difficulty in testing and contact tracing.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/virus-outbreak-pandemics-azerbaijan-armenia-europe-14f519a45ce899c2c7a52cba7c876850|title=Coronavirus spreads in Nagorno-Karabakh amid heavy fighting|date=2020-10-21|website=apnews.com|agency=Associated Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/coronavirus/coronavirus-thrives-in-karabakh-s-bomb-shelters-1.5159270|title=Coronavirus thrives in Karabakh's bomb shelters|date=2020-10-24|website=ctvnews.ca|publisher=CTV News}}</ref>
=== Casualties ===
==== Civilians ====
According to Armenian sources, on 27 September 2020, two civilians were killed by Azerbaijani shelling in [[Martuni Province]], with approximately a dozen injured in Stepanakert;<ref name="panam">{{cite web |url=https://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/285539/|title=Karabakh woman, child killed in Azerbaijan's shelling|publisher=PanArmenian|access-date=2020-10-11|archive-date=2020-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004025152/https://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/285539/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/30860623.html|title=Միայն Ստեփանակերտում 10-ից ավելի վիրավոր կա, ներառյալ՝ երեխաներ ու կանայք. Արցախի ՄԻՊ|website=«Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան|access-date=2020-10-11|archive-date=2020-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929142757/https://www.azatutyun.am/a/30860623.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> the Azerbaijani MoD denied the reports.<ref>{{cite web|title=Azerbaijan Army does not shell civilians|url=https://mod.gov.az/en/news/azerbaijan-army-does-not-shell-civilians-32324.html|access-date=27 September 2020|website=mod.gov.az|archive-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004151523/https://mod.gov.az/en/news/azerbaijan-army-does-not-shell-civilians-32324.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 10 October 2020, Armenian media reported the killing of two civilians in Hadrut, a mother and his son with a [[disability]], according to Armenia the killing was carried out by Azerbaijani infiltrators.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/10/azerbaijani-subversive-group-kills-mother-and-son-in-hadrut/|title=Azerbaijani subversive group kills mother and son in Hadrut|date=10 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1031187/|title=Azerbaijanis kill civilians in their home in Artsakh amid ceasefire|date=10 October 2020}}</ref> By 4 November 2020, Armenian authorities reported 54 Armenian civilians were killed in the conflict.<ref name="armeniacividead"/>
According to Azerbaijani sources, the Armenian military has targeted densely populated areas containing civilian structures.<ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=One more civil person killed as a result of shelling of residential settlements by Armenia|website=apa.az|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/One-more-civil-person-killed-as-a-result-of-shelling-of-residential-settlements-by-Armenia-331411|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> As of 9 November 2020, the [[Prosecutor General's Office of Azerbaijan|Prosecutor General's Office of the Republic of Azerbaijan]] stated that during the clashes, as a result of reported shelling by Armenian artillery and rocketing, 93 people had been killed, while 407 people had been wounded.<ref name="AzerCivs"/>
As of 23 October 2020, the Armenian authorities has stated that the conflict had displaced more than half of Nagorno-Karabakh's population or approximately 90,000 people.<ref name="riadisplaced"/> The [[International Rescue Committee]] has also claimted that more than half of the population of Nagorno-Karabakh has been displaced by the conflict.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rescue.org/article/crisis-watch-breaking-news-international-rescue-committee|title=Crisis Watch: Breaking news from the International Rescue Committee|date=2020-11-07|website=rescue.org|publisher=International Rescue Committee}}</ref> As of 2 November 2020, the Azerbaijani authorities has stated that the conflict had displaced approximately 40,000 people in Azerbaijan.<ref name="azerbaijandisplaced"/>
Seven journalists have been injured.<ref name=":12"/><ref name="anarshushali"/> On 1 October 2020, two French journalists from ''[[Le Monde]]'' covering the clashes in [[Khojavend (town)|Khojavend]] were injured by Azerbaijani shellfire.<ref>"[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/01/two-french-reporters-injured-amid-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict Two French reporters "injured" amid Armenia–Azerbaijan conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007002854/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/01/two-french-reporters-injured-amid-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict|date=2020-10-07}}", ''The Guardian'' 1 October 2020</ref> A week later, three Russian journalists reporting in [[Shusha]] were seriously injured by an Azerbaijani attack.<ref>"[https://armenpress.am/arm/news/1030925.html Շուշիի Ղազանչեցոց եկեղեցու հրթիռակոծությունից վիրավորված ռուս լրագրողներից մեկի վիճակը ծայրահեղ ծանր է] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011141032/https://armenpress.am/arm/news/1030925.html |date=2020-10-11}}" ArmenPress 8 October 2020</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.am/eng/news/606904.html|title=Russia MFA: Russian reporters wounded in Nagorno-Karabakh conflict zone to be transported to Yerevan|publisher=Armenia News|date=10 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011141035/https://news.am/eng/news/606904.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On 19 October 2020, according to Azerbaijani sources, an Azerbaijani [[AzTV]] journalist received shrapnel wounds from Armenian shellfire in Aghdam District.<ref name="anarshushali">{{cite news |url=https://ria.ru/20201019/karabakh-1580506732.html|title=Азербайджан заявил о четырех пострадавших при обстреле Агдамского района|date=19 October 2020|access-date=19 October 2020|publisher=RIA Novosti |language=ru}}</ref>
[[File:Ilham Aliyev and first lady Mehriban Aliyeva met with wounded servicemen undergoing treatment at Central Military Clinical Hospital of Defense Ministry 5.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.9|Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev and Vice-president [[Mehriban Aliyeva]] during a meeting with wounded Azerbaijani servicemen.]]
==== Military ====
During the conflict, the government of Azerbaijan did not reveal the number of its military casualties.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54338454|title=Armenia–Azerbaijan conflict: Casualties mount in Nagorno-Karabakh battle|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|date=29 September 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=5 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005135938/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54338454|url-status=live}}</ref> On 23 October 2020, President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, confirmed that [[Shukur Hamidov]] who was made [[National Hero of Azerbaijan]] in 2016, was killed during the operations in [[Qubadli District]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.turan.az/ext/news/2020/10/free/politics%20news/en/129051.htm |title=Hero of Azerbaijan Shukur Hamidov Died|date=23 October 2020|access-date=26 October 2020|agency=Turan Information Agency}}</ref> This was the first military casualty officially confirmed by the government. However, Armenian and Artsakh authorities have claimed 7,630 Azerbaijani soldiers and Syrian mercenaries were killed.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/11/08/azerbaijans-military-death-toll-reaches-7630/|title=Azerbaijan's military death toll reaches 7,630|website=armenpress.am|access-date=8 November 2020|date=8 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1031389.html|title=Artsakh's Defense Army publishes another list of casualties|newspaper=Armenpress|date=12 October 2020|access-date=12 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On 6 October 2020, the Azerbaijani MoD denied an Armenian MoD reports of 200 deaths<ref>{{cite web|date=5 October 2020|title=Artsakh forces use tactical trick, forcing the enemy to flee, leaving 200 dead |url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/05/artsakh-forces-use-tactical-trick-forcing-the-enemy-to-fee-leaving-200-dead/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=6 October 2020|title=Shelling of Azerbaijani frontline villages intensified|url=http://www.eng.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/52356/|publisher=Caucasian Knot}}</ref> after the alleged defeat of an Azerbaijani unit.<ref>{{cite web|date=6 October 2020|title=Baku refutes report on heavy casualties in Nagorno-Karabakh battles|url=https://tass.com/armeniaazerbaij-conflict/1208927|access-date=6 October 2020|agency=TASS|archive-date=6 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006040249/https://tass.com/armeniaazerbaij-conflict/1208927|url-status=live}}</ref> After the end of the war, the President of Azerbaijan stated housing would be provided for the families of 1,500 "martyrs" killed during the conflict.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://menafn.com/1101111994/Relatives-of-those-killed-in-the-Second-Karabakh-War-will-be-provided-with-apartments-and-houses-President-of-Azerbaijan|title=Relatives of those killed in the Second Karabakh War will be provided with apartments and houses - President of Azerbaijan|date=11 November 2020|access-date=11 November 2020}}</ref>
The [[Syrian Observatory for Human Rights]] documented the death of at least 293 Syrian fighters or mercenaries fighting for Azerbaijan.<ref name="syriandead"/> On 14 November 2020, the Observatory reported the death of a commander of the [[Syrian National Army|Syrian National Army's]] [[Hamza Division (Aleppo)|Hamza Division]].<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-11-14|title= Turkish-backed mercenaries {{!}} Nearly 800 Syrian fighters killed in Libya and Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/192201/|access-date=2020-11-14|publisher=The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights}}</ref>
Artsakh authorities reported the deaths of 2,425 servicemen during the conflict,<ref name="armenianKIA"/> while the Azerbaijani authorities reported more than 2,300 Armenian servicemen were killed or wounded as of 30 September 2020.<ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan">{{cite news|url=https://mod.gov.az/en/news/up-to-2-300-enemy-soldiers-was-killed-32425.html|title=Up to 2,300 enemy soldiers were killed |website=mod.gov.az|date=30 September 2020|access-date=30 September 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On 27 October 2020, Artsakh authorities stated that its defense minister [[Jalal Harutyunyan]] was wounded in action.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/27/jalal-harutyunyan-wounded-mikael-arzumanyan-appointed-artsakh-defense-minister/|title=Jalal Harutyunyan wounded, Mikael Arzumanyan appointed Artsakh Defense Minister|date=27 October 2020|access-date=27 October 2020}}</ref> However, unofficial Azerbaijani military sources alleged that he was killed and released footage apparently showing the assassination from a drone camera.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://teleqraf.com/news/ermenistan/266523.html|title=Arutunyan belə məhv edilib – Video|date=27 October 2020|access-date=27 October 2020|language=az|website=Teleqraf.com}}</ref>
=== Infrastructure damage ===
[[File:Damaged Ghazanchetsots Cathedral in Shushi.png|thumb|right|upright=0.9|The [[Armenian Apostolic Church|Armenian Apostolic]] [[Ghazanchetsots Cathedral]] in [[Shusha]] was [[2020 Ghazanchetsots Cathedral shelling|shelled twice]] during the conflict.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Armenia accuses Azerbaijan of shelling Shusha cathedral |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54465172|agency=BBC News|date=8 October 2020|archiveurl=https://archive.vn/6BeN7|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54488386|title=Armenia Azerbaijan: Reports of fresh shelling dent ceasefire hopes|publisher=BBC News|date=11 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Ronzheimer|first1=Paul|last2=Moutafis|first2=Giorgos|title=Church bombed to ruins|url=https://m.bild.de/politik/international/bild-international/bild-reporter-at-armenian-frontline-church-bombed-to-ruins-73330690,view=amp.bildMobile.html|publisher=Bild|date=9 October 2020|archiveurl=https://archive.vn/xwnWw|archive-date=9 October 2020|language=de}}</ref>]]
The [[Ghazanchetsots Cathedral]] in [[Shusha]] [[2020 Ghazanchetsots Cathedral shelling|has been damaged]]. On 19 October 2020, strong fire broke out in a cotton plant in [[Azad Qaraqoyunlu]], [[Tartar District]], as a result of the Armenian artillery shelling, with several large hangars of the plant getting completely burned down.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://ria.ru/20201019/pozhar-1580535542.html|title=В азербайджанском Тертере загорелся хлопковый завод после обстрелов|date=19 October 2020|access-date=19 October 2020|language=ru|publisher=RIA Novosti}}</ref> An Armenian-backed Nagorno-Karabakh human rights ombudsman report noted 5,800 private properties destroyed and 520 private vehicles, with damage to 960 items of civilian infrastructure, and industrial and public and objects. As of 24 October 2020, the [[Prosecutor General's Office of Azerbaijan|Prosecutor General's Office of the Republic of Azerbaijan]] reported 1,941 private houses, 382 civilian facilities, and 90 multi-storey residential buildings being damaged.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f942ed3c4548e02bf3cc226%26%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%20%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%20%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%85%20%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85%20%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%85%262020-10-24T13%3A40%3A36.839Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:11a0851d-2d80-47ac-9754-d94447409e3e&pinned_post_asset_id=5f942ed3c4548e02bf3cc226&pinned_post_type=share|title=Азербайджан обновил данные об убитых мирных жителях|date=24 October 2020|access-date=24 October 2020|publisher=BBC Russian Service|url-status=live|language=ru}}</ref>
=== Equipment losses ===
By 7 October 2020, Azerbaijan reported to have destroyed about 250 tanks and other armored vehicles; 150 other military vehicles; 11 command and command-observation posts; 270 artillery units and [[MLRS]]s, including a [[BM-27 Uragan]]; 60 Armenian anti-aircraft systems, including 4 S-300 and 25 [[9K33 Osa]]s; 18 UAVs and 8 arms depots.<ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan"/><ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan2">{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Azerbaijan's-MoD:-Up-to-200-tanks-228-artillery-cannons-300-units-of-air-defense-systems-of-Armenia-destroyed-331801|title=Azerbaijan's MoD: Up to 200 tanks, 228 artillery cannons, 300 units of air defense systems of Armenia destroyed|website=apa.az|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020 |archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001213252/https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Azerbaijan%27s-MoD%3A-Up-to-200-tanks-228-artillery-cannons-300-units-of-air-defense-systems-of-Armenia-destroyed-331801|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan3">{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/frontline-news/Azerbaijani-MoD:-List-of-the-enemy's-destroyed-military-equipment-colorredLISTcolor-332284|title=Azerbaijani MoD: List of the enemy's destroyed military equipment|website=apa.az|date=7 October 2020|access-date=7 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan4">{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Azerbaijani-President-announces-list-of-destroyed-and-looted-military-equipment-of-Armenia-332516|title=Azerbaijani President announces list of destroyed and looted military equipment of Armenia|website=apa.az|date=9 October 2020|access-date=9 October 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011141826/https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Azerbaijani-President-announces-list-of-destroyed-and-looted-military-equipment-of-Armenia-332516|url-status=live}}</ref> destroyed. As of 16 October 2020, the Azerbaijani President stated that the Armenian losses were at US$2 billion.<ref>{{cite news|date=16 October 2020|title=Ilham Aliyev: Armenian army suffers damage of US$2 billion|agency=Report Information Agency|url=https://report.az/en/nagorno-karabakh-conflict/ilham-aliyev-armenian-army-suffers-damage-of-2-billion/|access-date=20 October 2020}}</ref> In turn an Azerbaijani helicopter was stated to have been damaged, but its crew had apparently returned it to Azerbaijani-controlled territory without casualties.<ref name="azerbaijanihelicoptersurvived">{{cite news |url=https://report.az/herbi-xeberler/terterde-zedelenen-doyus-helikopteri-pesekarliqla-oz-erazimize-endirilib/|title=Tərtərdə zədələnən döyüş helikopteri peşəkarlıqla öz ərazimizə endirilib|access-date=29 September 2020|date=27 September 2020|website=report.az|publisher=Report Information Agency|language=az|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001213053/https://report.az/herbi-xeberler/terterde-zedelenen-doyus-helikopteri-pesekarliqla-oz-erazimize-endirilib/|url-status=live}}</ref> Later it was reported that on 12 October 2020, Azerbaijan had destroyed one [[OTR-21 Tochka#Scarab B|Tochka-U]] missile launcher. On 14 October 2020, Azerbaijan stated it had further destroyed five [[T-72]] tanks, three [[BM-21 Grad]] rocket launchers, one 9K33 Osa missile system, one [[BMP-2]] vehicle, one [[100 mm air defense gun KS-19|KS-19]] air defense gun, two [[122 mm howitzer 2A18 (D-30)|D-30]] howitzers and several Armenian army automobiles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3316263.html|title=Военная техника ВС Армении, уничтоженная сегодня ночью – СПИСОК|publisher=Trend News Agency|language=ru|date=14 October 2020|access-date=14 October 2020}}</ref> On the same day, Azerbaijan announced the destruction of three [[R-17 Elbrus]] [[tactical ballistic missile]] launchers that had been targeting [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]] and [[Mingachevir]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mod.gov.az/az/news/yasayis-menteqelerimizi-hedefe-alan-dusmen-raketleri-bolmelerimizin-qabaqlayici-zerbesi-ile-siradan-cixarilib-32975.html |title=Yaşayış məntəqələrimizi hədəfə alan düşmən raketləri bölmələrimizin qabaqlayıcı zərbəsi ilə sıradan çıxarılıb|publisher=Ministry of Defense of Azerbaijan|language=az|date=14 October 2020|access-date=14 October 2020}}</ref> BBC reporters confirmed the destruction of at least one tactical ballistic missile launcher in the vicinity of [[Vardenis]], close to the border with Azerbaijan, and posted photo evidence in support of this information.<ref>{{cite news |title=Где были ракетные комплексы Армении, которые разбомбил Азербайджан? Репортаж Би-би-си |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-54550977 |accessdate=21 November 2020 |agency=BBC |date=15 October 2020}}</ref> Later American journalist Josh Friedman posted a high quality video of a destroyed Armenian ballistic missile launcher.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Friedman |first1=Josh |title=Scud Missile Taken Out In Armenia Near Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Fb_I9UPW4U |website=YouTube |accessdate=21 November 2020}}</ref>
Armenian and Artsakh authorities initially reported the downing of four Azerbaijani helicopters and the destruction of ten tanks and [[IFV]]s, as well as 15 drones.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|title=Ոչնչացվել են հակառակորդի 4 ուղղաթիռ, շուրջ 15 ԱԹՍ, 10 տանկ և հետևակի մարտական մեքենա. ԼՂ ՊՆ|url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/30860621.html|website=«Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան|access-date=2020-10-11|archive-date=2020-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929175806/https://www.azatutyun.am/a/30860621.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Later the numbers were revised to 36 tanks and armored personnel vehicles destroyed, two armored combat engineering vehicles destroyed and four helicopters and 27 unmanned aerial vehicles downed all within the first day of hostilities.<ref name="31killed">{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=Armenia military top brass hold tactical consultation|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029179.html|access-date=28 September 2020|archive-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002201953/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029179.html|url-status=live}}</ref> They released footage showing the [[Cooking off#Tanks|destruction]] or damage of five Azerbaijani tanks.<ref>{{cite web|date=27 September 2020|title=Tanks Ablaze As Azerbaijani Forces Attack Armenian Troops In Disputed Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/sebastienroblin/2020/09/27/tanks-ablaze-as-azerbaijani-forces-attack-armenian-troops-in-disputed-nagorno-karabakh/#7c73fb172f90|publisher=Forbes|access-date=11 October 2020 |archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009181317/https://www.forbes.com/sites/sebastienroblin/2020/09/27/tanks-ablaze-as-azerbaijani-forces-attack-armenian-troops-in-disputed-nagorno-karabakh/#7c73fb172f90|url-status=live}}</ref> Over the course of 2 October, the Artsakh Defence Army said they had destroyed 39 Azerbaijani military vehicles, including a [[T-90]] tank; four [[SU-25]] fighter-bombers; three [[Mi-24]] attack helicopters; and 17 UAVs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Իրավիճակի ամփոփում ժ. 18։00 դրությամբ. 02.10.2020թ.|trans-title=Situation summary h. As of 18:00. 02.10.2020 |url=https://razm.info/146648|website=razm.info|date=2 October 2020|language=hy|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=7 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007231427/https://razm.info/146648|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Analysis ==
=== Nationalist sentiment ===
{{Further|Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan|Anti-Azerbaijani sentiment in Armenia}}
While Armenians and Azerbaijanis lived side by side under Soviet rule, the collapse of the Soviet Union contributed to [[racialization]] and fierce [[nationalism]], causing both Armenians and Azerbaijanis to [[stereotype]] each other, shaping respective sociopolitical discourses.<ref name=":8">{{cite web|last=Oskanian|first=Kevork|title=Perspectives {{!}} Stereotypes and hatred drive the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict {{!}} Eurasianet|url=https://eurasianet.org/perspectives-stereotypes-and-hatred-drive-the-nagorno-karabakh-conflict|url-status=live|access-date=2020-10-11|website=eurasianet.org}}</ref> Before, during and after the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, the growth of anti-Armenian and anti-Azerbaijan sentiment resulted in ethnic violence, including pogroms against Armenians in Azerbaijan, as in [[Sumgait pogrom|Sumgait]] and [[Baku pogrom|Baku]],<ref name="Cornell">{{cite book|last=Cornell|first=Svante|title=Azerbaijan Since Independence |publisher=M.E. Sharpe|year=2010|isbn=978-0765630032|page=48}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rferl.org: Nagorno-Karabakh: Timeline Of The Long Road To Peace |url=http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1065626.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329025222/http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1065626.html|archive-date=29 March 2014|access-date=2 January 2020}}</ref><ref name="rferl2">{{cite news|date=3 February 2003|title=Newsline|newspaper=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1142847.html|url-status=live |access-date=31 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006122039/http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1142847.html|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=17 June 2013 |title=The South Caucasus Between The EU and the Eurasian Union|url=http://www.css.ethz.ch/publications/pdfs/CAD-51-52.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029210003/http://www.css.ethz.ch/publications/pdfs/CAD-51-52.pdf|archive-date=29 October 2013|access-date=3 July 2013|work=Caucasus Analytical Digest #51–52 |publisher=Forschungsstelle Osteuropa, Bremen and Center for Security Studies, Zürich|page=21|issn=1867-9323}}</ref> and against Azerbaijanis in Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh, as at [[Gugark massacre|Gugark]] and [[1988 violence in Shusha and Stepanakert|Stepanakert]].<ref name="nytgugark">{{cite web|last=Barringer|first=Felicity|date=7 December 1988|title=3 More Killed in Soviet Ethnic Protest |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/07/world/3-more-killed-in-soviet-ethnic-protest.html|access-date=5 November 2020|newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="bbcpogrom">{{cite web|date=August 29, 2005|title=Карабах: хронология конфликт|trans-title=Karabakh: Chronology of the conflict|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/russian/news/newsid_3681000/3681079.stm|archive-url=http://archive.is/N7Cn|archive-date=July 11, 2012|access-date=5 November 2020|work=BBC Russian Service|publisher=BBC|language=ru}}</ref><ref name="trud">{{cite web|last=Khlystun|first=Victor|date=1 February 2001|title=10 БАЛЛОВ ПО ШКАЛЕ ПОЛИТБЮРО|trans-title=10 POINTS ON THE POLITBURO SCALE|url=https://www.trud.ru/article/01-02-2001/18874_10_ballov_po_shkale_politbjuro.html|access-date=5 November 2020|newspaper=Trud|language=ru}}</ref><ref name="kavkazpogrom">{{cite journal|last=Papyan|first=Mane |date=22 April 2015|title=Gugark after Sumgait|url=https://caucasusedition.net/gugark-after-sumgait/|journal=Caucasus Edition|language=ru|archive-url=https://archive.is/w4M0c|archive-date=5 November 2020 |access-date=5 November 2020}}</ref> The incitement of hatred and promotion of hate speech is one of the main obstacles to creating the necessary conditions for a peace process.<ref>{{cite web|date=28 April 2017|title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination examines the report of Armenia |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=21550&LangID=E|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007070421/http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=21550&LangID=E|archive-date=7 October 2017|website=ohchr.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2020-10-14|title=Karabakh war leaves civilians shell-shocked and bitter|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54522278|access-date=2020-10-14}}</ref>{{verification needed|date=November 2020}}
=== Azerbaijani aims ===
[[File:Nj-38-4-stepanakert-ussr-iran-croppedv1.png|thumb|right|Most of Azerbaijan's initial successful advances were concentrated in the areas located along the [[Aras (river)|Aras River]], which has less mountainous terrain compared to the region's northern and central territories.]]
In a 27 September 2020 interview, regional expert [[Thomas de Waal]] said that it was highly unlikely that hostilities were initiated by the Armenian side, as they were already in possession of the disputed territory and were incentivized to normalize the [[status quo]], while "for various reasons, Azerbaijan calculate[d] that military action w[ould] win it something".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ahvalnews.com/azerbaijan-armenia/armenia-lacks-incentives-launch-military-action-now-azerbaijan-moved-first|title=Armenia lacks incentives to launch military action now, Azerbaijan moved in first |first1=Thomas|last1=de Waal|publisher=Ahval News|date=27 September 2020}}</ref> An analyst cited by ''[[Foreign Policy]]'' magazine predicted that Azerbaijan would have great difficulty in trying to control the entire area of Nagorno-Karabakh due to the extremely inaccessible mountainous terrain controlled by Armenian troops. In addition, he opined that the readiness of the Azerbaijani army was poor, with morale low, its structure corrupt and inefficient, and a desertion rate as high as 20%. Furthermore, despite large investments in the purchase of military equipment from oil profits, the Azerbaijani army was said to lack adequate training for the use of new equipment.<ref name="fp_280920"/> The suspected immediate goal of the Azerbaijani offensive was to capture the districts of [[Fuzuli District|Fuzuli]] and [[Jabrayil District|Jabrayil]] in southern Nagorno-Karabakh, where the terrain is less mountainous and more favorable for offensive operations.<ref name="eurasianet_290920"/> According to Russian military expert Mikhail Khodarenok, Azerbaijan had carefully planned and prepared the offensive operation; however, he added that the Azerbaijani army did not appear to complete its initial objectives during the first five days of the clashes, taking neither Fuzuli nor [[Mardakert]].<ref name="eadaily_021020">{{cite web|date=2 October 2020|title='Забуксовала, заглохла': эксперт о военной операции Азербайджана в Карабахе |url=https://eadaily.com/ru/news/2020/10/02/zabuksovala-zaglohla-ekspert-o-voennoy-operacii-azerbaydzhana-v-karabahe|publisher=EurAsia Daily|language=ru|quote=Азербайджанская армия не выполнила за 5 дней ни одной задачи первого дня. Михаил Ходарёнок}}</ref> Similarly, political scientist Arkady Dubnov of the [[Carnegie Moscow Center]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Аркадий Дубнов |url=https://carnegie.ru/commentary/experts/1113|access-date=2020-10-08|publisher=Carnegie Moscow Center|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Аркадий Дубнов|url=https://globalaffairs.ru/authors/arkadij-dubnov/|access-date=2020-10-08|website=Россия в глобальной политике|language=ru}}</ref> believed that Azerbaijan had launched the offensive to improve Azerbaijan's position in a suitable season for hostilities in the terrain.<ref>{{cite web|last=Аркадий|first=Дубнов|title=Карабах: вулкан проснулся — Аркадий Дубнов — В круге СВЕТА — Эхо Москвы, 29.09.2020|url=https://echo.msk.ru/programs/sorokina/2716421-echo/|access-date=2020-10-08|website=Эхо Москвы|language=ru}}</ref>
=== Turkey and Russia ===
{{See also|Russia–Turkey proxy conflict}}
The [[geostrategy|geostrategic]] interests of Russia and Turkey in the region were widely commented upon during the war. Both were described as benefiting from the ceasefire agreement, with ''The Economist'' stating that for Russia, China and Turkey, "all sides stand to benefit economically".<ref name="economist-bloody">{{cite news |title=A peace deal ends a bloody war over Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.economist.com/europe/2020/11/14/a-peace-deal-ends-a-bloody-war-over-nagorno-karabakh |accessdate=18 November 2020 |work=The Economist |date=14 November 2020}}</ref>
====Turkey====
Azerbaijan and Turkey are bound by ethnic, cultural and historic ties, and both countries refer to [[Azerbaijan–Turkey relations|their relationship]] as being one between "two states, one nation".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/turkey-territorial-disputes-azerbaijan-ankara-armenia-9a95d9690569623adedffe8c16f3588d |first=Suzan|last=Fraser|title=AP Explains: What lies behind Turkish support for Azerbaijan|date=20 October 2020|access-date=20 October 2020|agency=Associated Press}}</ref> Turkey (then the [[Ottoman Empire]]) helped Azerbaijan, previously part of the [[Russian Empire]] [[Azerbaijan Democratic Republic|gain its independence]] in 1918, and became the first country to recognize Azerbaijan's independence from the [[Soviet Union]] in 1991.<ref>{{cite web|first=Chinara|last=Musayeva|url=https://tasam.org/Files/Icerik/File/history_of_azerbaijan_-_turkey_relations_e78c28df-19cc-4d90-b290-b5bb571bc6d8.pdf|title=History of Azerbaijan – Turkey Relations|publisher=Turkish Asian Center for Strategic Studies}}</ref> Turkey has also been the guarantor of the [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic]], an exclave of Azerbaijan, since 1921.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eurasianet.org/azerbaijan-building-up-forces-in-nakhchivan |first=Zaur|last=Shiriyev|title=Azerbaijan Building Up Forces in Nakhchivan|date=10 August 2017|access-date=20 October 2020|publisher=Eurasianet}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first=Laçin İdil|last=Öztığ |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/559558#:~:text=T%C3%BCrkiye%2C%201921%20y%C4%B1l%C4%B1nda%20imzalanan%20Moskova,d%C4%B1%C5%9F%20politika%20krizi%20ortaya%20%C3%A7%C4%B1km%C4%B1%C5%9Ft%C4%B1r|title=TÜRKİYE VE ERMENİSTAN İLİŞKİLERİNDE NAHÇIVAN SORUNU|date=26 January 2018|access-date=20 October 2020|journal=Journal Of Modern Turkish History Studies|via=DergiPark|language=tr|volume=36|pages=413–430}}</ref> Other commentators have seen Turkey's support for Azerbaijan as part of an activist foreign policy, linking it with [[Neo-Ottomanism|neo-Ottoman]] policies in [[Turkish occupation of northern Syria|Syria]], [[Operations Claw-Eagle and Tiger|Iraq]], and the Eastern Mediterranean.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ulgen |first1=Sinan |title=A Weak Economy Won’t Stop Turkey’s Activist Foreign Policy |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/10/06/a-weak-economy-wont-stop-turkeys-activist-foreign-policy/ |accessdate=15 November 2020 |work=Foreign Policy |date=6 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19436149.2018.1549232?src=recsys&journalCode=ccri20|doi=10.1080/19436149.2018.1549232|title=Imperial Grandeur and Selective Memory: Re-assessing Neo-Ottomanism in Turkish Foreign and Domestic Politics|year=2019|last1=Wastnidge|first1=Edward|journal=Middle East Critique|volume=28|pages=7–28|s2cid=149534930}}</ref> Turkey's highly visible role in the conflict was described by Armenians as a continuation of the [[Armenian Genocide]], the mass murder and expulsion of 1.5 million Armenians by the [[Imperial Government (Ottoman Empire)|Ottoman government]], particularly given Turkey's [[Armenian Genocide denial|continued denial of the genocide]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia says Turkey seeks to continue genocide in Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-pashinyan-idUSKBN26S0OS|agency=Reuters|date=7 October 2020|access-date=22 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Turkey actions amount to "terroristic attack", continuation of genocide: Armenian PM|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/world/2020/10/07/Turkey-actions-amount-to-terroristic-attack-continuation-of-genocide-Armenian-PM |publisher=Al Arabiya|date=7 October 2020|access-date=22 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title="Defend our nation": Armenian diaspora feels pull of another war |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/03/armenian-diaspora-feels-pull-of-another-war-kardashian-azerbaijan|publisher=The Guardian|date=3 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia's Prime Minister Accuses Turkey of 'Reinstating the Ottoman Empire' in Sending Mercenaries to Nagorno Karabakh|url=https://time.com/5896422/armenia-azerbaijan-conflict-2020/|access-date=2020-10-16|website=time.com}}</ref> Turkey provided military support to Azerbaijan, including military experts and Syrian mercenaries.<ref name="economist-bloody" /> The access corridor stipulated by the ceasefire agreement, linking Nakhchivan and the main part of Azerbaijan through Armenia, would provide Turkey with trade access to [[Central Asia]] and China's [[Belt and Road Initiative]].<ref name="economist-bloody" />
====Russia====
Russia had sought to maintain good [[Azerbaijan–Russia relations|relations with Azerbaijan]] and had sold weapons to both parties. Even prior to the war, Russia had possessed a [[Russian 102nd Military Base|military base in Armenia]] as part of a [[Armenia–Russia relations#Military union and cooperation|military alliance with Armenia]], and thus was obligated by treaty to defend Armenia in the case of a war. Like in Syria and in Libya's ongoing civil war, Russia and NATO-member Turkey therefore had opposing interests.<ref name=":16">{{cite web|title=Why The Armenia-Azerbaijan Fighting Could Spiral Into A Larger Regional Conflict|url=https://time.com/5894934/armenia-azerbaijan-fighting-regional-conflict/|access-date=2020-10-15|website=time.com}}</ref> Turkey appeared to use the conflict to attempt to leverage its influence in the South Caucasus along its eastern border, using both military and diplomatic resources to extend its sphere of influence in the Middle East, and to marginalize the influence of Russia, another [[regional power]].<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-09-29|title=Is Turkey a brother in arms or just extending its footprint into Nagorno-Karabakh?|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200929-is-turkey-a-brother-in-arms-or-just-extending-its-footprint-into-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=2020-10-04|publisher=France 24}}</ref><ref name="nyt_011020">{{cite news |last=Gall|first=Carlotta|date=2020-10-01|title=Turkey Jumps Into Another Foreign Conflict, This Time in the Caucasus|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/01/world/middleeast/turkey-azerbaijan-armenia-war.html|access-date=2020-10-04|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Russia had historically pursued a policy of maintaining neutrality in the conflict, and Armenia never formally requested aid.<ref name="russiamatters01"/> According to the director of the Russia studies program at the [[CNA (nonprofit)|CNA]], at the beginning of the war Russia was judged to be unlikely to intervene militarily unless Armenia incurred drastic losses.<ref name="russiamatters01"/> However, the 14 October 2020 Azerbaijani strike within Armenian territory threatened to bring the mutual defense pact to the fore.<ref name=":14">{{cite news|date=2020-10-14 |title=Azerbaijan Attack on Armenia Raises Stakes in Karabakh Conflict|publisher=Bloomberg.com|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-10-14/azerbaijan-attack-on-armenia-raises-stakes-in-karabakh-conflict|access-date=2020-10-15}}</ref>
In a piece published by the Russian broadsheet ''[[Vedomosti]]'' on 10 November, Konstantin Makienko, a member of the [[State Duma]] Defence Committee, wrote that the geopolitical consequences of the war were "catastrophic" not only for Armenia but for Russia as well, because Moscow's influence in the Southern Caucasus had dwindled while "the prestige of a successful and feisty Turkey, contrariwise, ha[d] increased immensely".<ref name="vedomostimakienko">{{cite newspaper|author=Konstantin Makienko|url=https://www.vedomosti.ru/opinion/articles/2020/11/10/846462-rossiya-proigrala|title=Как Россия проиграла во второй карабахской войне |newspaper=Vedomosti|language=ru|date=10 November 2020}}</ref> Alexander Gabuev of the [[Carnegie Moscow Center]] took the opposite view, describing the peace agreement as "a win for Russia", as it had "prevented the conclusive defeat of Nagorno-Karabakh" and, by placing Russia in charge of the strategic Lachin corridor, boosted the country's leverage in the region.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gabuev |first1=Alexander |title=Viewpoint: Russia and Turkey - unlikely victors of Karabakh conflict |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54903869 |accessdate=18 November 2020 |work=BBC News |agency=Carnegie Moscow Center |date=12 November 2020}}</ref>
=== Military tactics ===
Azerbaijan's oil wealth allowed it to have a consistently higher [[military budget]] than Armenia,<ref name="economist-bloody" /> and it had purchased advanced weapons systems from Israel, Russia and Turkey.<ref name=":6" /> Despite the similar size of both militaries, Azerbaijan possessed superior tanks, armored personnel carriers and infantry fighting vehicles,<ref name=":12"/> and had also amassed a large fleet of cheap Turkish drones and state-of-the-art Israeli ones. Armenia built its own drones, but these were greatly inferior to the Israeli drones possessed by Azerbaijan.<ref name=":12"/> Azerbaijan had a quantitative advantage in artillery systems, particularly [[self-propelled gun]]s and long-range [[multiple rocket launcher]]s, while Armenia had a minor advantage in tactical ballistic missiles.<ref name=warontherocks/> Because of the air defence systems possessed by both sides, there was little use of manned aviation during the conflict.<ref name=":12"/>
In the opinion voiced by Russian military expert Vladimir Yevseev after the end of the war, for reasons that were not completely clear, Armenia appeared not to have executed the mobilisation it had announced and the mobilised personnel was hardly ever deployed to the area of conflict.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.svoboda.org/a/30956980.html |title="РФ могла оказывать поддержку только с территории Ирана" |date=18 November 2020|language=ru}}</ref>
==== Drone warfare ====
[[File:Baku pipelines.svg|thumb|upright=0.9|The [[Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline]] (green) is one of several pipelines running from Baku.]]
Azerbaijan made highly effective use of drones and sensors, demonstrating what ''The Economist'' described as a "new, more affordable type of air power".<ref name=":6"/> Azerbaijani drones, notably the [[Bayraktar TB2]], were used to carry out precise [[Drone strike|strikes]] and carry out [[reconnaissance]], relaying the coordinates of targets to Azerbaijani artillery.<ref name=":2"/> Commentators noted that the use of drones in Nagorno-Karabakh illustrated how they enabled small countries to conduct effective air campaigns, potentially making [[Low-intensity conflict|low-level conflicts]] much more deadly.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Roblin|first1=Sébastien|title=How an explosion of cheap armed drones is changing the nature of warfare|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/cheap-drones-china-turkey-israel-are-fueling-conflicts-armenia-azerbaijan-ncna1243246|website=NBC News}}</ref> [[Close air support]] was provided by specialized suicide drones, such as [[IAI Harop]], rendering tanks vulnerable and suggesting changes are required to armored warfare doctrine.<ref>{{cite web|last=Parakilas|first=Jacob|title=Tanks versus Drones Isn't Rock, Paper, Scissors|url=https://thediplomat.com/2020/10/tanks-vs-drones-isnt-rock-paper-scissors/|access-date=2020-10-15|website=thediplomat.com}}</ref> Another suicide drone, the Turkish-made [[STM Kargu]], was also reportedly used by Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.defenceturk.net/stmnin-yerli-kamikaze-ihasi-kargu-azerbaycanda-goruldu|title=STM'nin yerli kamikaze İHA'sı KARGU Azerbaycan'da görüldü|date=29 October 2020 |language=tr}}</ref><ref name="cnnturk">{{cite web|url=https://www.cnnturk.com/dunya/ilk-kez-libyada-kullanilmisti-bu-kez-azerbaycanda-goruntulendi|title=İlk kez Libya'da kullanılmıştı! Bu kez Azerbaycan'da görüntülendi|date=28 September 2020|language=tr|publisher=CNN Türk}}</ref>
==== Targeting of pipelines ====
Concerns were raised about the security of the [[petroleum industry in Azerbaijan]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict poses threat to regional energy corridor |url=https://eurasianet.org/azerbaijan-armenia-conflict-poses-threat-to-regional-energy-corridor|publisher=Eurasianet|date=9 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=BP "deeply concerned" as pipeline attack raises stakes in Azerbaijan conflict|url=https://www.spglobal.com/platts/en/market-insights/latest-news/natural-gas/100720-bp-deeply-concerned-as-pipeline-attack-raises-stakes-in-azerbaijan-conflict |publisher=S&P Global|date=7 October 2020}}</ref> Azerbaijan claimed that Armenia targeted, or tried to target, the [[Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline]], which accounted for around 80% of country's oil exports, and the [[Baku–Novorossiysk pipeline]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Armenia-tries-to-target-Baku-Novorossiysk-pipeline-leading-to-Russia.html|title=Armenia tries to target Baku-Novorossiysk pipeline leading to Russia|date=19 October 2020|website=vestnikkavkaza.net}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Armenia reportedly attacks Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/azerbaijan-front-line/armenia-reportedly-attacks-baku-tbilisi-ceyhan-pipeline/1998053|publisher=Anadolu Agency|date=6 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Azerbaijan warns over pipelines as Nagorno-Karabakh tensions rise |url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/azerbaijan/news/azerbaijan-warns-over-pipelines-as-nagorno-karabakh-tensions-rise/|publisher=EURACTIV|date=15 October 2020}}</ref> Armenia rejected the accusations.<ref>{{cite news|title=Azerbaijan Says Pipeline Targeted In Fighting; Armenia Rejects Accusation|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/azerbaijan-says-pipeline-targeted-in-fighting-armenia-rejects-accusation/30879737.html |publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|date=7 October 2020}}</ref>
==== Use of propaganda ====
[[File:Photo of the Armenian soldier from the frontline (Yerevan, Armenia).jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|right|Billboards in [[Yerevan]] have been displaying footage released by the Armenian Ministry of Defence since the beginning of the conflict.]]
{{See also|State-sponsored Internet propaganda}}
Both sides have engaged in extensive [[propaganda]] campaigns through the use of official mainstream and social media accounts magnified online,<ref name=":9"/> including in Russian media. The ability of drones to record their kills has enabled a highly effective Azerbaijani propaganda campaign.<ref name=":2"/><ref name=":6"/> In Baku, digital billboards have broadcast high-resolution footage of missiles striking Armenian soldiers, tanks, and other materiel. Azerbaijan's President Ilham Aliyev told Turkish television that Azerbaijani-operated drones had reduced the number of Azerbaijan's casualties, stating, "These drones show Turkey's strength" and "empowers" Azerbaijanis.<ref name=":12">{{cite web|last=Forestier-Walker|first=Robin|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: New weapons for an old conflict spell danger |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2020/10/13/nagorno-karabakh-new-weapons-for-an-old-conflict-spell-danger|access-date=2020-10-15|website=aljazeera.com}}</ref>
==== Cyberwarfare ====
Hackers from Armenia and Azerbaijan, as well as their allied countries have actively participated in [[cyberwarfare]], with Azerbaijani hackers targeting Armenian websites and posting Aliyev's statements,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.azerbaycan24.com/en/azerbaijani-hackers-broke-into-over-90-armenian-websites-video/|title=Azerbaijani hackers broke into over 90 armenian websites – VIDEO|website=azerbaycan24.com |date=27 September 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> and Greek hackers targeting Azerbaijani governmental websites.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://artsakh.news/en/news/190391|title=Greek hackers from Anonymous Greece hacked 159 state websites of Azerbaijan|website=artsakhnews|date=23 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> There has been coordinated efforts from both sides on social media regarding postings of content. [[Misinformation]] and videos of older events have been shared as new and different events related to the war. New social media account creation that post about Armenia and Azerbaijan has spiked, with many from authentic users, but many inauthentic accounts have also been detected.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Giles|first1=Christopher|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: The Armenian-Azeri "information wars" |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54614392|publisher=BBC|access-date=October 27, 2020|date=October 26, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Fighting Over Nagorno-Karabakh Spells Spike For Twitter And Its Hashtag Narratives|url=https://gandhara.rferl.org/a/nagorno-karabakh-figiting-spike-twitter-hashtag-narratives-armenia-azerbaijan/30894315.html|publisher=Gandhara|access-date=October 27, 2020|date=October 15, 2020}}</ref>
== Suspected war crimes ==
[[Secretary-General of the United Nations|UN Secretary-General]] [[António Guterres]] stated that "indiscriminate attacks on populated areas anywhere, including in [[Stepanakert]], [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]] and other localities in and around the immediate Nagorno-Karabakh zone of conflict, were totally unacceptable".<ref name="United Nations">{{cite web|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/10/1075672|title=Both sides obliged to 'spare and protect civilians' over Nagorno-Karabakh fighting declares UN's Guterres|date=18 October 2020|access-date=19 October 2020|publisher=United Nations}}</ref>
=== Armenian ===
[[File:Armenian bombardment of Azerbaijani territories.jpg|thumb|right|Armenian artillery projectile, which struck a road in Azerbaijan.]]
Armenia struck several Azerbaijani cities outside of the conflict zone, most frequently [[Tartar (city)|Tartar]], [[Beylagan (city)|Beylagan]] and [[Barda, Azerbaijan|Barda]].<ref>{{cite web|date=6 October 2020|title=Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: Azerbaijan accuses Armenian forces of shelling the towns of Tartar, Barda and Beylagan|url=https://www.france24.com/en/video/20201006-nagorno-karabakh-conflict-azerbaijan-accuses-armenian-forces-of-shelling-the-towns-of-tartar-barda-and-beylagan|website=france24.com|publisher=France 24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Julia Hahn|date=26 October 2020|title=Civilians suffer amid Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|url=https://www.dw.com/en/civilians-suffer-amid-nagorno-karabakh-conflict/a-55403694|website=dw.com|publisher=DW News}}</ref> Azerbaijani authorities reported attacks on Beylagan on 4 October, killing two civilians and injuring 2 others,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Two civilians killed in Armenian forces’ shelling, Azerbaijan says|url=https://tass.com/world/1208343|access-date=2020-11-19|website=TASS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Safi|first=Michael|last2=agencies|date=2020-10-05|title=Azerbaijan and Armenia accuse each other of shelling cities|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/05/azerbaijan-and-armenia-accuse-each-other-of-shelling-cities|access-date=2020-11-19|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> [[Hadrut]] on 10 October, seriously injuring a medical worker,<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-11|title=Shelling of civilians by Armenian armed forces after humanitarian ceasefire agreement - another clear example of barbarism, Azerbaijani MFA says|url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/karabakh/3314663.html|access-date=2020-11-12|website=trend.az}}</ref> Tartar on 15 October, targeting a cemetery in the city resulting in three civilian deaths and at least five civilian injuries<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: ‘Three dead’ in attack at Azerbaijan cemetery|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/15/nagorno-karabakh-three-dead-in-attack-at-azerbaijan-cemetery|access-date=2020-11-19|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref> and [[Fuzuli District|Fuzuli]] on 20 October, resulting in one civilian death and six injuries.<ref>{{cite web|date=30 September 2020|title=Armenian side continues to shell Fuzuli, Tartar districts|url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/karabakh/3308468.html|access-date=23 October 2020|agency=Trend News Agency}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=9 October 2020|title=Prosecutor General's Office: Three civilians injured as a result of enemy's shelling of Garabagh village, Fuzuli district|url=https://azertag.az/en/xeber/Prosecutor_General_039s_Office_Three_civilians_injured_as_a_result_of_enemys_shelling_of_Garabagh_village_Fuzuli_district-1608539|access-date=23 October 2020|agency=Azerbaijan State News Agency}}</ref> By 24 October, there had been more than 80 civilian deaths in areas of Azerbaijan outside of the war zone.<ref>{{cite web|date=24 October 2020|title=Война в Карабахе: хроника событий с 27 сентября по 25 октября|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f942ed3c4548e02bf3cc226%26%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%20%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%20%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%85%20%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85%20%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%85%262020-10-24T13%3A40%3A36.839Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:11a0851d-2d80-47ac-9754-d94447409e3e&pinned_post_asset_id=5f942ed3c4548e02bf3cc226&pinned_post_type=share|website=bbc.com|publisher=BBC Russian Service|language=ru}}</ref>
Between 4 and 17 October, four separate [[2020 Ganja ballistic missile attacks|missile attacks on the city of Ganja]] killed 26 civilians, including a 13-year-old Russian citizen,<ref>{{cite news |title=Russian teenager dies in missile attack on Ganja |url=https://news.ru/en/cis-countries/russian-citizen-dies-in-missile-attack-on-ganja/ |accessdate=17 November 2020 |work=[[NEWSru]] |date=24 October 2020 |language=en}}</ref> and injured 125<ref>{{cite news|title=Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: Major cities hit as heavy fighting continues|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54407436|work=BBC News|date=4 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Azerbaijan's No. 2 city targeted in fighting with Armenia|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/azerbaijans-no-2-city-targeted-fighting-armenia-azerbaijan-armenia-nagornokarabakh-territory-city-b778901.html|publisher=The Independent|date=4 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Jamie|last=Dettmer|url=https://www.voanews.com/south-central-asia/why-azerbaijan-fighting|title=Why is Azerbaijan Fighting?|date=12 October 2020|access-date=15 October 2020|publisher=Voice of America}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first1=Elizabeth|last1=Melimopoulos|first2=Linah|last2=Alsaafin |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/11/seven-dead-by-overnight-armenian-shelling-baku-says-live|title=Nagorno-Karabakh truce frays as both sides allege attacks|date=11 October 2020|access-date=15 October 2020|publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref> with women and children among the victims.<ref name="2attackwounded">{{Cite web|last1=Melimopoulos|first1=Elizabeth|last2=Alsaafin|first2=Linah|date=11 October 2020|title=Nagorno-Karabakh truce frays as both sides allege attacks: Live|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/11/seven-dead-by-overnight-armenian-shelling-baku-says-live|access-date=15 October 2020|publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]|language=en}}</ref> The attacks were condemned by the [[European Union]],<ref>{{cite web|date=17 October 2020|title=Azerbaijan: Statement by the Spokesperson on the strikes on the city of Ganja|url=https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage_en/87141/Azerbaijan:%20Statement%20by%20the%20Spokesperson%20on%20the%20strikes%20on%20the%20city%20of%20Ganja|access-date=20 October 2020 |publisher=European External Action Service}}</ref> and Azerbaijani authorities accused the Armenian Armed Forces of "committing war crimes through the firing of ballistic missiles at civilian settlements", calling the third attack "an act of genocide".<ref name="genocide">{{cite web|date=11 October 2020|title=Armenian policy of vandalism against Azerbaijani civilian population continues – assistant to Azerbaijani president|url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/karabakh/3314618.html|access-date=15 October 2020|agency=Trend News Agency}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Prosecutor-General's-Office-and-MFA-issue-statement-on-crimes-committed-against-civilians-by-Armenians-331515|title=Prosecutor General's Office and MFA issue statement on crimes committed against civilians, by Armenians|website=apa.az|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=8 October 2020|title=Azerbaijani President: Armenia losing the battle commits war crimes against civilians in order to stop us|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Azerbaijani-President:-Armenia-losing-the-battle-commits-war-crimes-against-civilians-in-order-to-stop-us-332429|url-status=live|access-date=8 October 2020|website=apa.az|quote=... violence against civilians, the shelling of settlements and the destruction of peaceful cities with ballistic missiles is considered a war crime.}}</ref> Armenia denied responsibility for the attacks.<ref name="auto32">{{cite web|last1=Sullivan|first1=Rory|last2=Isaac|first2=Lindsay|date=11 October 2020|title=Azerbaijan and Armenia accuse each other of breaking ceasefire|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/10/10/europe/azerbaijan-armenia-ceasefire-intl/index.html|access-date=15 October 2020|publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=4 October 2020|title=Армения заявила, что не ведет обстрел населенных пунктов Азербайджана|url=https://ria.ru/20201004/karabakh-1578171671.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004082433/https://ria.ru/20201004/karabakh-1578171671.html|archive-date=4 October 2020|access-date=4 October 2020|publisher=RIA Novosti|language=ru}}</ref> The Artsakh Defence Army confirmed responsibility for the first attack but denied targeting residential areas, claiming that it had fired at a military airbase.<ref name="artsakh1attack">{{cite web|last=McKernan|first=Bethan|date=5 October 2020|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Azerbaijan accuses Armenia of rocket attack|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/04/nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan-accuses-armenia-of-rocket-attack|access-date=15 October 2020|publisher=The Washington Post}}</ref>
On 25 October, a video emerged online of an Armenian teenager in civilian clothing helping soldiers fire artillery on Azerbaijani positions. Azerbaijan subsequently accused Armenia of using [[Children in the military|child soldiers]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/diplomacy/armenia-uses-child-soldiers-in-occupied-nagorno-karabakh-commits-war-crimes-azerbaijan |title=Armenia uses child soldiers in occupied Nagorno-Karabakh, commits war crimes: Azerbaijan|date=25 October 2020|website=dailysabah.com|publisher=Daily Sabah}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_karabakh/Azerbaijani-MFA-releases-statement-on-Armenias-using-children-as-soldiers-in-the-occupied-territories-334007|title=Azerbaijani MFA releases statement on Armenia's using children as soldiers in the occupied territories|date=27 October 2020|website=apa.az}}</ref> One day later, the Artsakh ombudsman released a statement claiming that the boy in the video was 16, was not directly engaged in military actions and was working with his father.<ref>{{cite tweet|user=ArtsakhOmbuds|number=1320795565664407559|date=26 October 2020|title=About some speculated photos of children}}</ref>
The Artsakh Defence Army [[2020 Barda missile attacks|hit the Azerbaijani town of Barda with missiles]] twice on 27 and 28 October 2020, resulting in the deaths of 26 civilians and injuring over 83, making it the deadliest attack of the conflict.<ref name="NYTimesBarda">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/28/world/europe/azerbaijan-barda-armenia-rockets-karabakh.html|title=In Azerbaijan, a String of Explosions, Screams and Then Blood|author=Carlotta Gall|date=28 October 2020|website=nytimes.com|publisher=The New York Times|quote=In all, 21 people died in downtown Barda in the rocket strike and 70 people were wounded, the government said in the evening, adding that the rockets were fired from a Russian-made Smerch multiple-rocket system and unleashed cluster bomblets. Designed to be used against armies in open spaces, cluster bombs are banned in much of the world because of their danger to civilians in residential areas.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/azerbaijan-says-19-killed-60-wounded-in-armenia-missile-attack-on-its-barda-district/articleshow/78912279.cms?from=mdr|title=Azerbaijan says 19 killed, 60 wounded in Armenia missile attack on its Barda district|date=28 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020|work=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-28|title=Civilian death toll in Armenian attacks reaches 91|url=https://www.azernews.az/aggression/171582.html|access-date=2020-10-29|website=azernews.az}}</ref> The casualties included a 39-year-old [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|Red Crescent]] volunteer, while two other volunteers were injured.<ref>{{cite web|date=28 October 2020|title=Civilians Reported Killed As Conflict Between Armenia, Azerbaijan Spills Into Urban Areas |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/armenia-azerbaijan-urged-to-seek-lasting-cease-fire-as-diplomatic-efforts-continue/30916763.html|archive-url=https://archive.is/KKR1d|archive-date=29 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020|publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty}}</ref> Civilian infrastructure and vehicles were extensively damaged.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 October 2020|title=Missile attack on Azerbaijani city of Barda: 21 dead, dozens wounded|url=https://jam-news.net/barda-28-october-21-dead-azerbaijan-nagorno-karabakh-armenia-news-photo-video/|access-date=29 October 2020|work=JAM News|language=en}}</ref> Armenia denied responsibility,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-karabakh/azerbaijan-says-14-people-killed-by-shelling-in-barda-ria-idUSKBN27D1IR|title=Azerbaijan says 14 people killed by shelling in Barda: RIA|date=28 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020 |agency=Reuters}}</ref> but [[Amnesty International]] and [[Human Rights Watch]] stated that Armenia had fired, or intentionally supplied Artsakh with, the [[cluster munitions]] and [[BM-30 Smerch|Smerch rockets]] used in the attack.<ref name="amnestybarda">{{cite web|date=29 October 2020 |title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: First confirmed use of cluster munitions by Armenia "cruel and reckless"|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/10/armenia-azerbaijan-first-confirmed-use-of-cluster-munitions-by-armenia-cruel-and-reckless/|access-date=29 October 2020|publisher=Amnesty International}}</ref><ref name="nkrforces">{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/10/30/armenia-cluster-munitions-kill-civilians-azerbaijan|title=Armenia: Cluster Munitions Kill Civilians in Azerbaijan|date=30 October 2020}}</ref> Artsakh acknowledged responsibility, but said it was targeting military facilities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54686682?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f99b27045324002c52d805f%26%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81-%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%20%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%20%D0%9D%D0%9A%D0%A0%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82%20%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85%20%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%20%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D0%BE%D1%82%20%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%262020-10-28T18%3A03%3A29.579Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:33b55dff-0d65-4d37-8141-94e37dd45df1&pinned_post_asset_id=5f99b27045324002c52d805f&pinned_post_type=share |title=Пресс-секретарь лидера НКР призывает мирных азербайджанцев бежать от военных объектов|date=28 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020|language=ru|publisher=BBC Russian Service}}</ref> Marie Struthers, Amnesty International's Regional Director for Eastern Europe and Central Asia, said that the "firing of cluster munitions into civilian areas is cruel and reckless, and causes untold death, injury and misery".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/10/armenia-azerbaijan-first-confirmed-use-of-cluster-munitions-by-armenia-cruel-and-reckless/|title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: First confirmed use of cluster munitions by Armenia "cruel and reckless"|date=29 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020|publisher=Amnesty International}}</ref> The [[Commissioner for Human Rights of the Republic of Azerbaijan|Azerbaijani ombudsman]] called the attack a "terrorist act against civilians".<ref name="apa">{{cite web|url=https://apa.az/en/frontline-news/General-Prosecutors-Office-Death-toll-from-Armenias-missile-attack-on-Azerbaijans-Barda-rises-to-19-nearly-60-people-injured-colorredUPDATED-1color-334119|title=General Prosecutor's Office: Death toll from Armenia's missile attack on Azerbaijan's Barda rises to 21, about 70 people wounded – Updated – 2|publisher=Azeri Press Agency|date=28 October 2020|access-date=28 October 2020}}</ref> The use of cluster munitions was also reported by ''The New York Times''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/28/world/europe/azerbaijan-barda-armenia-rockets-karabakh.html|title=In Azerbaijan, a String of Explosions, Screams and Then Blood|author=Carlotta Gall|date=28 October 2020 |website=nytimes.com|publisher=The New York Times|quote=In the morning, we had visited Garayusifli, a sleepy farming village just outside Barda, where people were burying victims of another rocket attack. Four people died, including a 7-year-old girl, and more than a dozen were wounded. Children had been playing on their bikes, and their parents sitting in the shade of their gardens, when the missile exploded, scattering cluster bomblets over the houses of several neighbors.}}</ref>
=== Azerbaijani ===
[[File:InShot 20201020 202248937.webm|thumb|Camera footage of Azerbaijan's use of cluster munition on Stepanakert during a shelling on 4 October 2020.]]
On 4 October 2020, the Armenian government stated Azerbaijan had deployed [[cluster munitions]] against residential targets in [[Stepanakert]]; an Amnesty International investigator condemned this.<ref>"[https://news.yahoo.com/armenia-says-azerbaijan-targeting-residential-113011026.html Armenia Says Azerbaijan Targeting Residential Areas With Missiles and Cluster Bombs]" Yahoo News 5 October 2020</ref> In an Amnesty International report, the cluster bombs were identified as "Israeli-made M095 DPICM cluster munitions that appear to have been fired by Azerbaijani forces".<ref>{{cite news|title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: Civilians must be protected from use of banned cluster bombs|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/10/armenia-azerbaijan-civilians-must-be-protected-from-use-of-banned-cluster-bombs/|agency=Amnesty International|date=5 October 2020}}</ref> The next day, Armenian Minister of Foreign Affairs [[Zohrab Mnatsakanyan]] stated to [[Fox News]] that the targeting of civilian populations in Nagorno-Karabakh by Azerbaijani forces was tantamount to [[war crime]]s and called for an end to the "aggression".<ref>{{cite web|last=Yingst|first=Trey|date=2020-10-05|title=Azerbaijan committing "war crimes" in disputed region, top Armenian diplomat tells Fox News|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/armenia-azerbaijan-war-crimes-claims-foreign-minister|access-date=2020-10-06|website=Fox News}}</ref> In November 2020, Aliyev denied using cluster munitions against civilian areas in Stepanakert on the 1, 2, and 3 October 2020 in an interview with ''BBC News'' journalist Orla Guerin, describing as "fake news" the statements of other BBC reporters who witnessed the attacks and described them as "indiscriminate shelling of a town without clear military targets".<ref>{{cite news|date=2020-11-09|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: President Ilham Aliyev speaks to the BBC|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-europe-54865589|url-status=live|access-date=2020-11-10}}</ref>
During an on-site investigation in Nagorno-Karabakh in October 2020, [[Human Rights Watch]] documented four incidents in which Azerbaijan used Israeli-made cluster munitions against civilian areas of Nagorno-Karabakh. The HRW investigation team stated that they did not find any sort of military sites in the residential neighborhoods where the cluster munitions were used and condemned its use against civilian-populated areas. Stephen Goose, arms division director at Human Rights Watch and chair of the Cluster Munition Coalition, stated that "the continued use of cluster munitions – particularly in populated areas – shows flagrant disregard for the safety of civilians". He then added that "the repeated use of cluster munitions by Azerbaijan should cease immediately as their continued use serves to heighten the danger for civilians for years to come". The HRW investigation team also noted that numerous civilian buildings and infrastructure were heavily damaged due to shelling.<ref name="hrw123">{{cite web|date=23 October 2020 |title=Azerbaijan: Cluster Munitions Used in Nagorno-Karabakh|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/10/23/azerbaijan-cluster-munitions-used-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=23 October 2020|publisher=Human Rights Watch}}</ref> French newspaper ''[[L'Obs]]'' also reported Azerbaijan using [[White phosphorus munitions|white phosphorus]] during the war, reportedly confirmed by a French doctor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nouvelobs.com/monde/20201113.OBS36046/au-karabakh-des-crimes-de-guerre-au-phosphore.html?fbclid=IwAR0yZn5CZk4XOPQut58u2b-QQxlU8aJ56VvQkXz4jDLS8-joMRBixZ2liu8|title=Au Karabakh, des crimes de guerre au phosphore|date=2020-11-13|website=nouvelobs.com|publisher=[[L'Obs]]|author=Sara Daniel|lang=fr}}</ref>
On 15 October 2020, a video surfaced of two captured Armenians being executed by Azerbaijani soldiers;<ref name="bellingcat">{{cite web|title=An Execution in Hadrut|url=https://www.bellingcat.com/news/rest-of-world/2020/10/15/an-execution-in-hadrut-karabakh/|access-date=2020-10-16|website=Bellingcat}}</ref> Artsakh authorities identified one as a civilian.<ref>{{cite web|title=Azeri troops shoot Armenian war prisoners dead|url=https://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/286591/|access-date=2020-10-15|publisher=Panarmenian}}</ref> ''[[Bellingcat]]'' analysed the videos and concluded that the footage was real and that both executed were Armenian combatants captured by Azerbaijani forces between 9 and 15 October 2020 and later executed.<ref name="bellingcat"/> The [[BBC]] also investigated the videos and confirmed that the videos were from Hadrut and were filmed some time between 9–15 October 2020. A probe has been launched by Armenia's human rights defender, Arman Tatoyan, who shared the videos with [[European Court of Human Rights]] and who will also show the videos to the [[United Nations Human Rights Council|UN human rights commissioner]], the [[Council of Europe]] and other international organizations.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: 'Execution' video prompts war crime probe|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54645254|work=BBC News|date=24 October 2020}}</ref> The U.N. human rights chief, [[Michelle Bachelet]], stated that "in-depth investigations by media organisations into videos that appeared to show Azerbaijani troops summarily executing two captured Armenians in military uniforms uncovered compelling and deeply disturbing information".<ref>{{cite news|title=Possible war crimes committed in Nagorno-Karabakh, U.N. rights boss says|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-un-rights-idUSKBN27I238 |agency=Reuters|date=2 November 2020}}</ref>
== Official statements ==
The [[Embassy of Armenia, Washington, D.C.|Armenian ambassador to the United States]] [[Varuzhan Nersesyan]] has invited [[United States]] intervention in the conflict, as has his [[Embassy of Azerbaijan, Washington, D.C.|Azerbaijani counterpart]] [[Elin Suleymanov]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Exclusive: Armenia, Azerbaijan Speak Out, Here's What They Want from U.S.|url=https://www.newsweek.com/exclusive-armenia-azerbaijan-speak-out-want-us-1535699|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002013430/https://www.newsweek.com/exclusive-armenia-azerbaijan-speak-out-want-us-1535699|archive-date=2 October 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|website=newsweek.com|publisher=Newsweek}}</ref>
=== Armenia and Artsakh ===
[[File:NA moment silence.jpg|thumb|right|President of the National Assembly [[Ararat Mirzoyan]] (second from left) leads a moment of silence honoring Armenian soldiers and civilians who perished during the war.]]
On 27 September 2020, the [[Prime Minister of Armenia]], [[Nikol Pashinyan]], accused the Azerbaijani authorities of a large-scale provocation. The Prime Minister stated that the "recent aggressive statements of the Azerbaijani leadership, large-scale joint military exercises with Turkey, as well as the rejection of OSCE proposals for monitoring" indicated that the aggression was pre-planned and constituted a major violation of regional peace and security.<ref name="Pashinyan">{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/rus/news/1028969.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=98f50d3be7467be095f17b6579e9d7b5127d6229-1601273684-0-AV9Aq1xDiwWlWRcSm6_QNHFtPWl-1uy_12Mp1-D0QEdVBlulmTOWF6iUl0PRCA5eWHGJZNB9c8A8DWhMdgmkcE2nhhhAMZoTQgTjPIrSI5m3Dk5Ljw28Fwyrqfel7ZwrN7ZmevRVMNm_HmziN1HTKhwryYXhcZsP2CTqei4WfHFSOrdVvjbqm2FxC3mv2pt49tCMStF53flYq4GwdJq1ESf-xzVQZzRM6ndJSQPvkh9Gbz_spC9aM3-UIOghoCEjtMyqrrb8Mc5uA5M_d75HQHfgCnDvoKZpRxNq57MjQItE|title=Агрессия со стороны Азербайджана была спланирована заранее: Пашинян|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|date=27 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020|language=ru}}</ref> The next day, Armenia's [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Armenia)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] (MoFA) issued a statement, noting that the "people of Artsakh were at war with the [[Azerbaijan–Turkey relations|Turkish–Azerbaijani alliance]]".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://armenpress.am/rus/news/1029219.html|title=Народ Арцаха воюет с турецко-азербайджанским альянсом: МИД Республики Армения|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|language=ru|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref>
The same day, the Armenian ambassador to Russia, Vardan Toganyan, did not rule out that Armenia may turn to [[Russia]] for fresh arms supplies.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://armenpress.am/rus/news/1029218.html |title=Вардан Тоганян не исключил, что Армения может обратиться к РФ для новых поставок оружия|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|language=ru|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> On 29 September 2020, Prime Minister Pashinyan stated that Azerbaijan, with military support from Turkey, was expanding the theater into Armenian territory.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029486.html|title=Azerbaijan expanding geography of hostilities with active support of Turkey – PM Pashinyan|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> On 30 September 2020, Pashinyan stated that Armenia was considering officially recognizing the Republic of Artsakh as an independent territory.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029566.html|title=Armenia considers officially recognizing independence of Nagorno Karabakh, Pashinyan says|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|date=30 September 2020 |access-date=30 September 2020}}</ref> The same day, the Armenian MoFA stated that the Turkish Air Force had carried out provocative flights along the front between the forces of the Republic of Artsakh and Azerbaijan, including providing air support to the Azerbaijani army.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mfa.am/hy/interviews-articles-and-comments/2020/09/30/MFA_Turkey_Statement/10476?fbclid=IwAR0ylwyRWXr1pLEQ8chg70Xf0Mkx58sLdUwKwhdkm6I5kcGr1b15I4Mo63E|title=ՀՀ ԱԳՆ հայտարարությունը Թուրքիայի ԶՈՒ ներգրավվածության վերաբերյալ|publisher=MFA|date=30 September 2020|language=hy}}</ref>
On 1 October 2020, the President of Artsakh, [[Arayik Harutyunyan]], stated that Armenians needed to prepare for a long-term war.<ref>{{cite web|title=Putin, Macron call for Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire as deaths mount|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/1/putin-macron-call-for-nagorno-karabakh-ceasefire-as-deaths-mount?scrlybrkr=a02a50bf|website=aljezzera.com|publisher=Aljazzera|access-date=1 October 2020}}</ref> Two days later, the Nagorno-Karabakh (Artsakh) Foreign Ministry called on the international community to recognize the [[Political status of Nagorno-Karabakh|independence]] of the Republic of Artsakh in order to restore regional peace and security.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/285974/|title=Karabakh urges international community to recognize its independence|publisher=PanArmenian |quote=Nagorno-Karabakh (Artsakh) Foreign Ministry on Saturday, October 3 called on the international community to recognize the independence of Artsakh.}}</ref>
On 6 October 2020, the Armenian prime minister, Nikol Pashinyan, stated that the Armenian side was prepared to make concessions, if Azerbaijan was ready to reciprocate.<ref>{{cite web|title=Пашинян: Ереван готов к уступкам в карабахском конфликте, если к этому же готовы в Баку|url=https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/9645263|access-date=2020-10-29|agency=ТАСС}}</ref>
On 9 October 2020, Armen Sarkissian demanded that international powers, particularly, the United States, Russia and [[NATO]], do more to stop Turkey's involvement in the war and warned that [[Ankara]] is creating "another Syria in the Caucasus".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hetq.am/en/article/122861|title="Turkey creating "another Syria in Caucasus", Armenian President Tells Financial Times |date=2020-10-09|website=hetq.am|publisher=Hetq}}</ref>
On 21 October 2020, Nikol Pashinyan stated that "it is impossible to talk about a diplomatic solution at this stage, at least at this stage", since the compromise option is not acceptable for Azerbaijan, while the Armenian side stated many times that it is ready to resolve the issue through compromises. Pashinyan said that "to fight for the rights of our people means, first of all, to take up arms and commit to the protection of the rights of the homeland".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/21/pm-there-is-no-diplomatic-solution-to-karabakh-issue-at-least-not-in-this-stage/|title=There is no diplomatic solution to Karabakh issue, at least not in this stage|date=2020-10-21|website=armradio.am|publisher=Public Radio of Armenia}}</ref>
On 12 November 2020, Pashinyan addressed his nation, saying that "Armenia and the Armenian people are living extremely difficult days. There is sorrow in the hearts of all of us, tears in the eyes of all of us, pain in the souls of all of us". The prime minister pointed out that the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Armenia reported that the war "must be stopped immediately". And the President of Artsakh warned that if the hostilities do not stop, Stepanakert could be lost in days. Pashinyan also stated that the Karabakh issue was not resolved and is not resolved and that the international recognition of the Artsakh Republic is becoming an absolute priority.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hetq.am/en/article/124228|title=Pashinyan to Nation: “Karabakh Issue Has Not Been Resolved”|date=2020-11-12|website=hetq.am|publisher=[[Hetq]]|}}</ref>
=== Azerbaijan ===
[[File:Ilham Aliyev chaired a Security Council meeting (cropped).png|thumb|right|Meeting of the [[President of Azerbaijan|Azerbaijani President]] [[Ilham Aliyev]] with the country's Security Council on 27 September 2020]]
The day before the conflict, on 26 September 2020, according to the [[Ministry of Defence (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijani Ministry of Defence]], the Armenian military violated the ceasefire 48 times along the line of contact. Azerbaijan stated that the Armenian side attacked first, prompting an Azerbaijani counter-offensive.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mod.gov.az/en/frontline-news-557/|title=26 September 2020 09:40 |publisher=Defence Ministry of Azerbaijan|date=26 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref>
On 27 September 2020, Azerbaijan accused Armenian forces of a "willful and deliberate" attack on the front line<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gulf-times.com/story/673912/Heavy-fighting-erupts-in-Nagorny-Karabakh|title=Heavy fighting erupts in Nagorny Karabak|date=27 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020|publisher=Gulf Times}}</ref> and of targeting civilian areas, alleging a "gross violation of [[international humanitarian law]]".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://azertag.az/en/xeber/Hikmat_Hajiyev_Armenia_039s_deliberate_targeting_of_residential_areas_and_the_civilians_is_a_gross_violation_of_international_humanitarian_law-1596165|title=Hikmat Hajiyev: Armenia's deliberate targeting of residential areas and the civilians is a gross violation of international humanitarian law|website=azertag.az|publisher=Azerbaijan State News Agency|date=27 September 2020 |access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> On 28 September 2020, it stated that Armenia's actions had destroyed the peace negotiations through an act of aggression,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://report.az/dagliq-qarabag-munaqishesi/hikmet-haciyev-ordumuz-azerbaycan-erazisinin-tehlukesizliyini-temin-edir/|title=Hikmət Hacıyev: "Ordumuz Azərbaycan ərazisinin təhlükəsizliyini təmin edir"|website=report.az|publisher=Report Information Agency|language=az|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> alleged that a war had been launched against Azerbaijan, mobilized the people of Azerbaijan, and declared a [[Great Patriotic War (term)|Great Patriotic War]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://report.az/dagliq-qarabag-munaqishesi/prezidentin-komekcisi-azerbaycana-qarsi-muharibe-baslayib/|title=Prezidentin köməkçisi: "Bu, Azərbaycan xalqının Böyük Vətən Müharibəsidir"|website=report.az|publisher=Report Information Agency|language=az|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> It then stated that the deployment of the Armenian military in Nagorno-Karabakh constituted a threat to regional peace and accused Armenia of propagandising, adding that the Azerbaijani military was operating according to international law.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Hikmat-Hajiyev:-%22Armenia-prepares-very-false-and-needless-information%22-331408|title=Hikmat Hajiyev: "Armenia prepares very false and needless information" |website=apa.az|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> The Azerbaijani authorities issued a statement accusing the Armenian military of purposefully targeting civilians, including women and children.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/az/sosial_xeberler/Dovlt-Komitsi-Ermnistan-silahli-quvvlrinin-qadin-v-usaqlari-qtl-yetirmsin-dair-byanat-yayib-607424|title=Dövlət Komitəsi Ermənistan silahlı qüvvələrinin qadın və uşaqları qətlə yetirməsinə dair bəyanat yayıb|website=apa.az|language=az|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> The Azerbaijani Minister of Foreign Affairs (MoFA) denied any reports of Turkish involvement, while admitting military-technical cooperation with Turkey and other countries.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://regnum.ru/news/polit/3075510.html|title=Азербайджан ответил на обвинения Армении в привлечении наёмников|website=regnum.ru|publisher=REGNUM News Agency|language=ru|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref>
On 29 September 2020, the President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, spoke about Azerbaijan's [[territorial integrity]]. Aliyev stated that Armenian control of the area and aggression had led to the destruction of infrastructure and mosques, caused the [[Khojaly massacre]], and resulted in [[cultural genocide]], insulting the [[Muslim world]] and being tantamount to state-backed [[Islamophobia]] and [[anti-Azerbaijani sentiment]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://azertag.az/xeber/Prezident_Ilham_Aliyev_Islamofobiya_ve_Azerbaycanofobiya_siyaseti_artiq_Ermenistanin_resmi_ideologiyasina_chevrilib-1598429|title=Prezident İlham Əliyev: İslamofobiya və Azərbaycanofobiya siyasəti artıq Ermənistanın rəsmi ideologiyasına çevrilib|website=azertag.az|publisher=Azerbaijan State News Agency|language=az|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> The Azerbaijani MoFA demanded that Armenia stop shelling civilians and called on international organizations to ensure Armenia followed international law.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/MFA:-We-demand-from-Armenia-to-stop-shelling-civilians-331517|title=MFA: We demand from Armenia to stop shelling civilians|website=apa.az|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> The Azerbaijani Ambassador to Russia denied reports of mercenaries brought in from Turkey by Azerbaijan,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://ria.ru/20200929/naemniki-1577940972.html |title=Посол Азербайджана опроверг данные о привлечении Баку турецких наемников|website=ria.ru|agency=RIA Novosti|language=ru|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> and the [[Vice President of Azerbaijan|First Vice-President of the Republic of Azerbaijan]], [[Mehriban Aliyeva]], stated that Azerbaijan had never laid claim to others' territory nor committed crimes against humanity.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Mehriban-Aliyeva:-%22May-the-Almighty-grant-every-Azerbaijani-the-chance-to-kiss-the-sacred-Karabakh-soil!%22-331594|title=Mehriban Aliyeva: "May the Almighty grant every Azerbaijani the chance to kiss the sacred Karabakh soil!"|website=apa.az|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref>
On 3 October 2020, Aliyev stated that Armenia needed to leave Azerbaijan's territory (in Nagorno-Karabakh) for the war to stop.<ref>{{cite web|last=Istanbul|first=Aren Melikyan in Yerevan and Arzu Geybullaeva in|title=President of Azerbaijan tells Armenia to 'leave our territory, and then, the war will stop'|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/03/asia/azerbaijan-armenia-president-intl/index.html|access-date=2020-10-04 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> The next day, Aliyev issued an official statement that Azerbaijan was "writing a new history", describing Karabakh as an ancient Azerbaijani territory and longstanding home to Azerbaijanis, and noting that Armenians had occupied Azerbaijan's territory, destroying its religious and cultural heritage, for three decades. He added that Azerbaijan would restore its cities and destroyed mosques and accused Armenia of distorting history.<ref>{{cite news|date=4 October 2020|title=President Ilham Aliyev: Today we are writing a new history of our people and state, a glorious history |website=apa.az|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/President-Ilham-Aliyev:-Today-we-are-writing-a-new-history-of-our-people-and-state-a-glorious-history-332072|url-status=live|access-date=4 October 2020 |quote=As you know, Azerbaijan has been fighting to restore its territorial integrity for a week now. On the battlefield, our soldiers and officers show heroism, inflict crushing blows on the enemy, put the enemy in its place, drive the enemy out of our lands at the cost of their lives... We are restoring historical justice today because the land of Karabakh is our ancient historical land. The people of Azerbaijan have lived, created and built in these lands for centuries. But for many years, for almost 30 years, Armenian executioners have occupied our lands, destroyed all our historical, religious and cultural sites. We will restore all our cities. We will restore all our mosques destroyed by the Armenians. Life will return to these places. We have put an end to the attempts of Armenians to change our historical names and falsify history, to erase the historical and cultural heritage of the Azerbaijani people. The historical names of our settlements are being restored and they will be restored.}}</ref>
Two days later, Aliyev's aide, Hikmat Hajiyev, claimed that Armenia had deployed cluster munitions against cities,<ref>{{cite news|title=Ermenistan cepheden kaçıyor sivilleri vuruyor|language=tr|work=Dünya Bülteni|url=https://www.dunyabulteni.net/ortadogu/ermenistan-cepheden-kaciyor-sivilleri-vuruyor-h479865.html}}</ref> however this has not been verified by other sources. On 7 October 2020, Azerbaijan officially notified members of the World Conference on Constitutional Justice, the Conference of European Constitutional Courts, the Association of Asian Constitutional Courts and similar organizations that it had launched the operation in line with international law to re-establish its internationally recognized territorial integrity and for the safety of its people.<ref>{{cite web|date=7 October 2020|title=Azerbaijan sends notice to world courts on military ops|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/azerbaijan-front-line/azerbaijan-sends-notice-to-world-courts-on-military-ops/1998840|access-date=18 October 2020|publisher=Anadolu Agency}}</ref> He also accused Armenia of [[Discrimination|ethnic discrimination]] on account of the historical expulsion or self-exile of ethnic minority communities, highlighting its [[Demographics of Armenia|mono-ethnic population]].<ref>{{cite web|date=8 October 2020|title=President Ilham Aliyev: "Armenia is a racist country, representatives of no other nationality can live there" |url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/President-Ilham-Aliyev:-%22Armenia-is-a-racist-country-representatives-of-no-other-nationality-can-live-there%22-332434|url-status=live|access-date=8 October 2020 |website=apa.az|quote=There are representatives of many nationalities living in Azerbaijan. They live like one family. Azerbaijan is known as a multicultural country worldwide. This is acknowledged by the United Nations, as well as other international organizations operating in the humanitarian field. Azerbaijan is the land of tolerance, ethnic and religious tolerance. Thousands of Armenians live in our country today and they are our citizens. They also live normally, like all other nationalities. Of course, I am sure that after the end of this war and conflict, the Armenians living in Nagorno-Karabakh today will live with us. Azerbaijan is a multinational country. This has been the case throughout history. I think this is our great advantage.}}</ref>
On 10 October 2020, Azerbaijani Foreign Minister [[Jeyhun Bayramov]] stated that the truce signed on the same day was temporary.<ref>{{cite news|author=Reuters Staff|date=2020-10-10|title=Azeri foreign minister says Nagorno-Karabakh truce is temporary|agency=Reuters|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-armenia-azerbaijan-foreignminister-idUKKBN26V0JK|access-date=2020-10-10}}</ref> Despite this, Aliyev stated that both parties were now attempting to determine a political resolution to the conflict.<ref name=":3">{{cite news|last=Hovhannisyan|first=Nailia Bagirova, Nvard|date=2020-10-10|title=Armenia and Azerbaijan accuse each other of violating Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire|agency=Reuters|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-armenia-azerbaijan-diplomacy-idUKKBN26V007|access-date=2020-10-10}}</ref> The next day, Azerbaijani authorities stated that Armenia was conducting an act of genocide, emphasizing the Khojaly massacre.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apa.az/en/foreign-news/Hikmat-Hajiyev:-%22It-is-an-act-of-genocide-against-Azerbaijani-people%22-332639|title=Hikmat Hajiyev: "It is an act of genocide against Azerbaijani people"|website=apa.az|date=11 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|quote=Policy of vandalism and barbarism of Armenia against Azerbaijani civilian population continues. It is an act of genocide against Azerbaijani people we have witnessed since Khojaly genocide.}}</ref>
On 21 October 2020, Aliyev, stated that Azerbaijan did not ruled out the introduction international observers and peacekeepers in Nagorno-Karabakh, but will put forward some conditions when the time comes.<ref name="aljazeerapeacekeeper">{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/22/azeri-president-says-armenians-can-have-cultural-autonomy|title=Azeri president says Armenians can have "cultural autonomy"|date=22 October 2020|access-date=22 October 2020|agency=Al Jazeera}}</ref> He then added that Azerbaijan did not agree for a referendum in Nagorno-Karabakh,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ria.ru/20201022/karabakh-1580992201.html|title=Алиев исключил возможность проведения референдума в Карабахе|date=22 October 2020|access-date=22 October 2020|language=ru|publisher=RIA Novosti}}</ref> but didn't exclude the cultural autonomy of Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh,<ref name="aljazeerapeacekeeper"/> and reaffirmed that the Azerbaijan considers Armenians living in Nagorno-Karabakh as their citizens, promising security and rights.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20201022/armyane-1581006912.html|title=Права армян в Карабахе будут полностью соблюдены, заявил Алиев|date=22 October 2020|access-date=22 October 2020|language=ru|publisher=RIA Novosti}}</ref>
On 26 October 2020, Aliyev, stated that the Azerbaijani government will inspect and record the destruction by Armenian forces in Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh during the [[Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54686682?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f96ffdd67645202b6c4c36e%26%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%20%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%20%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5%20%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8%262020-10-26T16%3A57%3A03.151Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:685e43b5-6cb6-46d3-b1e3-d06cb7246c89&pinned_post_asset_id=5f96ffdd67645202b6c4c36e&pinned_post_type=share|title=Алиев грозит Армении счетом за разоренные земли|date=26 October 2020|access-date=26 October 2020|language=ru|publisher=BBC Russian Service}}</ref>
== Allegations of third-party involvement ==
Because of the geography, history, and sensitivities of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, accusations, allegations, and statements have been made of involvement by third-party and international actors, including in media reports and by the [[Syrian Observatory for Human Rights]] (SOHR). Evidence of the presence of Syrian fighters in Azerbaijan is increasing.<ref name="bbc_061020">{{cite news|title=Война в Карабахе: сотни раненых и погибшие по обе стороны фронта|trans-title=Karabakh war: Hundreds wounded and killed on both sides of the front|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944|publisher=BBC|access-date=6 October 2020|language=ru|quote=Some results of Saturday|archive-date=6 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006141402/https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[OHCHR]] stated that there were reports about mercenaries on both sides, and called for their withdrawal from Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref name="ohchr">{{cite news |title=OHCHR {{!}} Mercenaries in and around the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict zone must be withdrawn – UN experts |url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=26494&LangID=E |accessdate=13 November 2020 |work=www.ohchr.org}}</ref>
=== Turkey and Syrian National Army ===
{{See also|Azerbaijan–Turkey relations}}
[[File:Arayik Harutyunyan awarding a volunteer on November 2 2020.jpg|thumb|Artsakh's president [[Arayik Harutyunyan]] awarding an Armenian volunteer for allegedly capturing a Syrian mercenary on 2 November 2020.<ref>{{cite web|title=Artsakh President awarded members of the volunteer unit who captured a Syrian mercenary in the Karabakh conflict zone|url=https://www.panorama.am/en/news/2020/11/02/Artsakh-President/2392969#.X6EFuXFK-e8.link|publisher=Panorama|date=2 November 2020|access-date=3 November 2020}}</ref>]]
[[File:Recep Tayyip Erdogan 2020 visit to Baku with Ilham Aliyev 25.jpg|thumb|[[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan|Recep Tayyip Erdogan]] with [[Ilham Aliyev]] on a 2020 visit to Baku.]]
Prior to the beginning of the conflict, Turkey's upped rhetoric against Armenia, as well as its recruitment of several hundred Syrian refugees had been reported the previous week by Syrian commentators, activists and others on social media, circulated among Syrian refugees, dissidents and others who monitor Syria.<ref>{{cite web|last=FRANTZMAN|first=SETH J.|date=2020-09-26|title=Is Turkey planning to recruit Syrians to fight Armenia? – The Jerusalem Post|url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/is-turkey-planning-to-recruit-syrians-to-fight-armenia-643628|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018234150/https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/is-turkey-planning-to-recruit-syrians-to-fight-armenia-643628|archive-date=2020-10-18|access-date=2020-10-18|newspaper=The Jerusalem Post|quote=Turkey has upped its rhetoric against Armenia in recent days, threatening the country and claiming Armenia is "playing with fire" and alleging Armenia has recruited "terrorists". [...] Several hundred Syrian refugees have been recruited by Turkey to fight against Armenia in the disputed Karabagh region, according to claims by Syrian commentators, activists and other reports. The claims were posted on social media this week and circulated among Syrian refugees, dissidents and others who monitor Syria.}}</ref> Detailed reporting on the evidence of Syrian fighters in Azerbaijan exists, as well as apparent Turkish military involvement, causing international concern. Two days into the conflict, several Syrian National Army (SNA) members and the SOHR<ref name="SOHR1">{{cite news |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/186036/|title=Syrian rebel fighters prepare to deploy to Azerbaijan in sign of Turkey's ambition|publisher=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights|date=28 September 2020|access-date=4 October 2020|archive-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002050822/https://www.syriahr.com/en/186036/|url-status=live}}</ref> alleged that a private Turkish security company was recruiting Syrians to fight in Artsakh;<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/28/syrian-rebel-fighters-prepare-to-deploy-to-azerbaijan-in-sign-of-turkeys-ambition|title=Syrian rebel fighters prepare to deploy to Azerbaijan in sign of Turkey's ambition|first=Bethan|last=McKernan|newspaper=The Guardian|date=28 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020|archive-date=28 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928212602/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/28/syrian-rebel-fighters-prepare-to-deploy-to-azerbaijan-in-sign-of-turkeys-ambition|url-status=live}}</ref> Azerbaijan <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20200929-azerbaijan-denies-turkey-sent-syria-fighters-to-support-it/|title=Azerbaijan denies Turkey sent Syria fighters to support it |website=middleeastmonitor.com|publisher=Middle East Monitor|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020|archive-date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929123407/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20200929-azerbaijan-denies-turkey-sent-syria-fighters-to-support-it/|url-status=live}}</ref> and Turkey issued denials. ''[[France24]]'', ''[[The Independent]]'' and ''[[The Guardian]]'' have reported evidence of Syrian mercenaries recruited in Syria by Turkey to fight alongside the Azerbaijani servicemen in Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://observers.france24.com/fr/20201020-videos-document-presence-mercenaires-syriens-conflit-haut-karabakh|title=Des vidéos documentent la présence de mercenaires syriens dans le conflit du Haut-Karabakh|publisher=France24|date=20 October 2020|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/armenia-azerbaijan-syria-war-fighting-mercenary-russia-b912446.html?fbclid=IwAR0Y231bnsLeiCKcayZYrZSoKDl4quZbpZGGWDDzPU2Z2OHr80trg6IqfIk|title=We don't even know where Azerbaijan is: The Syrian mercenaries driven by poverty to die in a distant war|publisher=The Independent|date=9 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=McKernan|first=Bethan|date=2020-09-28|title=Syrian rebel fighters prepare to deploy to Azerbaijan in sign of Turkey's ambition|publisher=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/28/syrian-rebel-fighters-prepare-to-deploy-to-azerbaijan-in-sign-of-turkeys-ambition|access-date=2020-10-26|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=McKernan |first=Bethan|date=2020-10-02|title=Syrian recruit describes role of foreign fighters in Nagorno-Karabakh|publisher=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/02/syrian-recruit-describes-role-of-foreign-fighters-in-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=2020-10-26|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> A report in ''[[The Times]]'' partially confirmed Turkish involvement in sending 200 Syrian fighters to support Azerbaijani forces;<ref>{{cite news|last=Beirut|first=Hannah Lucinda Smith, Istanbul {{!}} Marc Bennetts, Moscow {{!}} Richard Spencer|date=29 September 2020|title=Nagorno-Karabakh clashes: Turkey sends Syrian mercenaries into combat against Armenians|publisher=The Times|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/nagorno-karabakh-clashes-turkey-sends-syrian-mercenaries-into-combat-against-armenians-wz6cqjc57|url-status=live|access-date=30 September 2020|issn=0140-0460|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930002607/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/nagorno-karabakh-clashes-turkey-sends-syrian-mercenaries-into-combat-against-armenians-wz6cqjc57}}</ref> a Turkish-based source reported that these were acting independently of the SNA.<ref name="guard"/>
[[Emmanuel Macron]] accused Turkey of dispatching Syrian "[[jihadism|jihadists]]" to Nagorno-Karabakh via [[Gaziantep]]<ref name="Macron">{{cite web|date=1 October 2020|title=France accuses Turkey of sending Syrian jihadists to Nagorno-Karabakh|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-putin-macron/france-accuses-turkey-of-sending-syrian-mercenaries-to-nagorno-karabakh-idUSKBN26L3SB|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004084924/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-putin-macron/france-accuses-turkey-of-sending-syrian-mercenaries-to-nagorno-karabakh-idUSKBN26L3SB |archive-date=4 October 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|agency=Reuters|quote="We now have information which indicates that Syrian fighters from jihadist groups have (transited) through Gaziantep (southeastern Turkey) to reach the Nagorno-Karabakh theatre of operations"}}</ref> while Russia expressed concern over "illegal armed units" from Syria and Libya being present in the conflict zone.<ref>{{cite web |title=Comment by the Information and Press Department on the movement of foreign mercenaries to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict zone |url=https://www.mid.ru/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/cKNonkJE02Bw/content/id/4363834|access-date=2020-10-04|website=mid.ru}}</ref> [[Syrian President]] [[Bashar al-Assad]] reiterated Macron's concerns.<ref name="assad">{{cite web|date=6 October 2020|title=Syria's Assad blames Turkey for fighting between Azeris and Armenians|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/syrias-assad-says-turkeys-erdogan-main-instigator-in-nagorno-karabakh-644704|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009013802/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/syrias-assad-says-turkeys-erdogan-main-instigator-in-nagorno-karabakh-644704|archive-date=9 October 2020|access-date=10 October 2020}}</ref> On 3 October 2020, Armenian Prime Minister [[Nikol Pashinyan]] stated that Syrian fighters, together with [[Turkish Land Forces|Turkish army]] specialists, were involved, along with circa 150 senior Turkish military officers, allegedly directing military operations.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-03|title=150 Turkish high ranking military officers in Azerbaijani command centers – PM Pashinyan|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1030164/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009093117/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1030164/ |archive-date=2020-10-09|access-date=2020-10-10|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|quote=Prime Minister of Armenia Nikol Pashinyan announced that the analysis of the developments of the previous day show that 150–200 soldiers of the enemy attack 1 military position of the Defense Army of Artsakh.}}</ref> The [[National Security Service (Armenia)|National Security Service of Armenia]] presented intercepts, allegedly between the Turkish and Azerbaijani military, and between the Azerbaijani military and mercenaries.<ref>{{cite web|title=СРОЧНО! СНБ Армении представила факт участия Турции и наемников-террористов в боях против Карабаха|url=https://news.am/rus/news/605835.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009092839/https://news.am/rus/news/605835.html|archive-date=2020-10-09|access-date=2020-10-10|publisher=News.am|language=ru}}</ref> U.S. Secretary of State [[Mike Pompeo]] stated that Turkey's involvement in the conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia has increased the risk in the region, inflaming the situation by arming the Azerbaijanis.<ref>{{cite web|last=Pavlovska|first=Elena|date=2020-10-16|title=Pompeo criticizes Turkey's involvement in Nagorno-Karabakh conflict |url=https://www.neweurope.eu/article/pompeo-criticizes-turkeys-involvement-in-nagorno-karabakh-conflict/|access-date=2020-10-16|website=neweurope.eu|publisher=New Europe}}</ref> As of 18 October 2020, Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR) reported that 2000 mercenaries were recruited in Syria by Turkey and transferred to fight in Nagorno Karabakh.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/188669/|title=Nagorno-Karabakh battles; Over 2,000 mercenaries sent to Azerbaijan, nearly 135 killed so far. • The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|date=18 October 2020}}</ref>
On 2 October 2020, Russian investigative newspaper ''[[Novaya Gazeta]]'' reported 700–1,000 militants had apparently been sent to Azerbaijan and detailed their transport and recruitment itinerary, referring to the Hamza Division and the Samarkand and Nureddin Zinki Brigades.<ref>{{cite web|title=В бой вступают наемники|url=https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2020/10/02/87340-v-boy-vstupayut-naemniki|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008030747/https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2020/10/02/87340-v-boy-vstupayut-naemniki|archive-date=2020-10-08|access-date=2020-10-10|website=novayagazeta.ru |publisher=Novaya Gazeta|language=ru}}</ref> The [[State Security Service of Georgia|Georgian State Security Service]] stated news about the passage of Syrian fighters from Turkey through Georgia to Azerbaijan was disinformation.<ref name="georgiarefuses">{{cite web|title=В Тбилиси заявили, что боевики из Сирии не перебрасываются в Азербайджан через Грузию|url=https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/9619351|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008225014/https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/9619351|archive-date=2020-10-08|access-date=2020-10-10|website=tass.ru|agency=TASS|language=ru}}</ref> On 3 October 2020, Elizabeth Tsurkov, an American expert on Syria, reported on videos of Arabic-speaking foreigners, who she identified as likely Syrian mercenaries in [[Horadiz]], urging compatriots to join them.<ref name="bbc_061020"/><ref>{{cite news|date=2020-10-03|title=Syrians in the Karabakh conflict zone, geolocated|publisher=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944|url-status=live|access-date=2020-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008201843/https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944|archive-date=2020-10-08}}.</ref> Subsequently, Tsurkov detailed the recruitment, by the Hamza Division and Sultan Murad and Sultan Suleyman Shah Brigades, of at least a thousand mercenaries to Azerbaijan, including civilians with no fighting experience who had been informed they would be guarding [[Petroleum industry in Azerbaijan|oil facilities]] but were then sent to the front.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-16|title=The Syrian Mercenaries Fighting Foreign Wars for Russia and Turkey |url=https://www.nybooks.com/daily/2020/10/16/the-syrian-mercenaries-fighting-foreign-wars-for-russia-and-turkey/|access-date=2020-10-16|website=nybooks.com|publisher=The New York Review of Books}}</ref> On 5 October 2020, Russian News Agency ''[[RIA Novosti]]'' stated that 322 Syrian mercenaries were in the conflict zone and that 93 had been killed, while 430 from Syria had already arrived.<ref>{{cite web |title=Источник рассказал о гибели в Карабахе 93 сирийских наемников|url=https://ria.ru/20201005/karabakh-1578209189.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006221356/https://ria.ru/20201005/karabakh-1578209189.html|archive-date=2020-10-06|access-date=2020-10-10|website=ria.ru|publisher=RIA Novosti|language=ru}}</ref>
On 6 October 2020, Russia's [[Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia)|Foreign Intelligence Service]] alleged that several thousand fighters from Middle East terrorist organizations had arrived in Nagorno-Karabakh to fight for Azerbaijan, specifically from [[Jabhat al-Nusra]] ([[al-Qaeda]] branch), Firkat Hamza, and the Sultan Murad Division, stating all were linked to the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|Islamic State]] (ISIL).<ref name="alqaeda">{{cite web|date=2020-10-06|title=Разведка доложила: в Карабах прибыли террористы из Сирии и Ливии|url=https://www.gazeta.ru/army/2020/10/06/13283173.shtml?updated|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010122605/https://www.gazeta.ru/army/2020/10/06/13283173.shtml?updated|archive-date=2020-10-10|access-date=2020-10-06|website=gazeta.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref name="alqaeda1">{{cite web|date=2020-10-06|title=Нарышкин назвал "принципиально новое" в конфликте в Карабахе|url=https://www.rbc.ru/politics/06/10/2020/5f7c5b249a79477685a1fab8|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007013945/https://www.rbc.ru/politics/06/10/2020/5f7c5b249a79477685a1fab8|archive-date=2020-10-07|access-date=2020-10-06|website=rbc.ru|publisher=RBK Group|language=ru}}</ref> On 7 October 2020, [[Asia Times]] reported that mercenaries allegedly signed up to go to Azerbaijan for US$1,500 a month.<ref>{{cite web|last=Zaza|first=Ahmad|date=2020-10-07 |title=Turkey deploys Syrian mercenaries to Karabakh war|url=https://asiatimes.com/2020/10/turkey-deploys-syrian-mercenaries-to-karabakh-war/|website=asiatimes.com|publisher=Asia Times}}</ref> ''[[Kommersant]]'' states that during the first week of October up to 1300 Syrian militants and 150 Libyan mercenaries deployed to Azerbaijan.<ref name=":17">{{cite web|last=Cherenko|first=Elena|date=2020-10-16 |title=Принуждение к конфликту|trans-title=Forcing conflict|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4537733|access-date=2020-10-16|website=kommersant.ru|publisher=Kommersant}}</ref>
On 16 October 2020, ''Kommersant'' provided details of Turkish military involvement. Turkish servicemen had apparently remained in Azerbaijan after joint military drills this summer, to coordinate and direct the planning and conducting of the operations. Six hundred servicemen had stayed on, including a tactical battalion of 200 people, 50 instructors in [[Nakhchivan (city)|Nakhchivan]], 90 military advisers in Baku, 120 flight personnel at the airbase in [[Qabala]]; 20 drone operators at [[Dollyar Air Base]], 50 instructors at the aviabase in [[Yevlakh]], 50 instructors in the 4th Army Corps in [[Perekeshkul]] and 20 others at the [[Azerbaijani Navy#Naval Base|naval base]] and [[Azerbaijan Higher Military Academy]] in Baku. According to the source, forces included 18 Turkish infantry fighting vehicles, one multiple launch rocket system, 10 vehicles and up to 34 aircraft, including 6 warplanes, 8 helicopters and up to 20 military intelligence drones.<ref name=":17"/> On 17 October 2020, the Armenian National Security Service stated that Azerbaijan is smuggling in a significant amount of ammunition, mercenaries and terrorists from [[Afghanistan]] and [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/286679/|title=Azerbaijan smuggling in more terrorists, arms – Armenia NSS|date=2020-10-17|website=panarmenian.net|publisher=PanARMENIAN.net|access-date=2020-10-17}}</ref>
The SOHR confirmed a total of 320 Syrian fighters in Azerbaijan, primarily of Syrian-Turkmen descent from the [[Sultan Murad Division]], and initially stated that they had not participated in the clashes. It stated that Arab-majority Syrian rebel groups had in fact refused to send their fighters to Azerbaijan.<ref name="auto3">{{cite web|date=2020-09-29|title=SOHR {{!}} Reports of 4,000 Turkish-backed Syrian fighters in Azerbaijan untrue|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/186142/|access-date=2020-10-01|website=The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|archive-date=2020-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004073720/https://www.syriahr.com/en/186142/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 1 October 2020, the SOHR confirmed the deaths of 28 Syrian fighters and nearly 60 injured or missing.<ref name="SOHR01">{{cite news|date=1 October 2020|title=Nagorno-Karabakh battles – Nearly 30 Turkish-backed Syrian mercenaries killed in 48 hours, over 60 others missing|website=syriahr.com|publisher=SOHR |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/186420/|url-status=live|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004151400/https://www.syriahr.com/en/186420/|archive-date=4 October 2020}}</ref> On 3 November 2020, the SOHR stated that at least 250 pro-Turkey Syrian rebel fighters, who were among more than 2,580 combatants, had been killed in clashes.<ref name="syriandead"/> An unidentified SNA leader, the Jesr Press and a ''[[The Guardian]]'' article confirmed the deaths of dozens of Syrian fighters.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Carley|first1=Patricia|date=September 29, 2020|title=Turkey recruiting Syrians to guard troops and facilities in Azerbaijan|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/azerbaijan-armenia-turkey-syrians-recruiting-guard-facilities|publisher=Middle East Eye|quote="These situations are dangerous and this is not our battle, the Shia have been our number one enemy supporting the Syrian regime for 10 years", he said, adding that they will not just be used as guards and 30 Syrians have already been killed in fighting on the front.|access-date=October 10, 2020|archive-date=October 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002075651/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/azerbaijan-armenia-turkey-syrians-recruiting-guard-facilities|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Press jesr: Number of killed Syrian mercenaries in Nagorno Karabakh grows to 30|url=https://www.aysor.am/en/news/2020/09/30/syrian-mercenaries/1749092|access-date=2020-10-10|archive-date=2020-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004151406/https://www.aysor.am/en/news/2020/09/30/syrian-mercenaries/1749092|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=McKernan|first=Bethan|date=2 October 2020|title=Syrian recruit describes role of foreign fighters in Nagorno-Karabakh|newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/02/syrian-recruit-describes-role-of-foreign-fighters-in-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009090919/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/02/syrian-recruit-describes-role-of-foreign-fighters-in-nagorno-karabakh|url-status=live}}</ref> On 14 October 2020, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' reported the deaths in Karabakh of more than 50 Syrian mercenaries, most of them hired by Turkey.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fahim|first=Kareem|last2=Khurshudyan|first2=Isabelle |last3=Zakaria|first3=Zakaria|title=Deaths of Syrian mercenaries show how Turkey, Russia could get sucked into Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/azerbaijan-armenia-turkey-nagorno-karabakh/2020/10/13/2cdca1e6-08bf-11eb-8719-0df159d14794_story.html|access-date=2020-10-16|issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/azerbaijan-armenia-turkey-nagorno-karabakh/2020/10/13/2cdca1e6-08bf-11eb-8719-0df159d14794_story.html|title=Deaths of Syrian mercenaries show how Turkey, Russia could get sucked into Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|date=2020-10-14|website=washingtonpost.com|publisher=The Washington Post|access-date=14 October 2020}}</ref> Prime Minister Pashinyan in an interview given to French newspaper ''[[Le Figaro]]'' wrote that 30% of Azerbaijani forces killed in hostilities were foreign mercenaries.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-06|title=Haut-Karabakh: la guerre n'aurait pas commencé "sans l'engagement actif de la Turquie", affirme le Premier ministre arménien|url=https://video.lefigaro.fr/figaro/video/haut-karabakh-la-guerre-naurait-pas-commence-sans-lengagement-actif-de-la-turquie-affirme-le-premier-ministre-armenien/|access-date=2020-10-06|website=lefigaro.fr|publisher=Le Figaro}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-06|title="The international community must intervene as swiftly as possible to prevent the spread of violence" – PM Pashinyan's interview with Le Figaro|url=https://www.primeminister.am/en/interviews-and-press-conferences/item/2020/10/02/Nikol-Pashinyan-interview-Le-Figaro/ |access-date=2020-10-06|website=primeminister.am|publisher=Government of Armenia}}</ref>
[[Canada]] has suspended the export of its drone technology to Turkey over concerns that it is using the technology in the conflict.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-05|title=Canada to suspend arms exports to Turkey over Armenia, Azerbaijan conflict allegations|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/7379529/canada-arms-exports-turkey/|website=globalnews.ca|publisher=Global News}}</ref>
=== Armenian diaspora volunteers ===
On 28 September 2020, the Azerbaijani MoD alleged that among the Armenian casualties were "mercenaries" of Armenian origin from Syria and a variety of Middle East countries.<ref name="Syrianmercs">{{cite news |date=28 September 2020|title=Vagif Dargahli: 'There are mercenaries of Armenian origin from Syria and different countries of the Middle East among the losses of the enemy' |website=apa.az|url=https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Vagif-Dargahli:-%22There-are-mercenaries-of-Armenian-origin-from-Syria-and-different-countries-of-the-Middle-East-among-the-losses-of-the-enemy%22-331402|url-status=live|access-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929174638/https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Vagif-Dargahli:-%22There-are-mercenaries-of-Armenian-origin-from-Syria-and-different-countries-of-the-Middle-East-among-the-losses-of-the-enemy%22-331402|archive-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> On the same day, the [[Ministry of Defense (Turkey)|Turkish Minister of Defence]] stated that Armenia must "send back the mercenaries and terrorists it brought from abroad".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/erdogan-urges-armenia-to-end-occupation-in-upper-karabakh-158669|title=Erdoğan urges Armenia to 'end occupation in Upper Karabakh'|newspaper=Hurriyet Daily News|date=28 September 2020|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008022039/https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/erdogan-urges-armenia-to-end-occupation-in-upper-karabakh-158669|url-status=live}}</ref> Two days later, Azerbaijani authorities asked the international community to "adequately respond to the use of terrorist forces by Armenia".<ref name="ASALAinvolvement">{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/domestic-news/Hikmet-Hajiyev:-%22International-community-should-adequately-respond-to-the-use-of-terrorist-forces-by-Armenian-against-Azerbaijan%22-331711|title=Hikmet Hajiyev: "International community should adequately respond to the use of terrorist forces by Armenian against Azerbaijan"|website=apa.az|date=30 September 2020|access-date=30 September 2020|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001061433/https://apa.az/en/domestic-news/Hikmet-Hajiyev:-%22International-community-should-adequately-respond-to-the-use-of-terrorist-forces-by-Armenian-against-Azerbaijan%22-331711|url-status=live}}</ref> On 30 September 2020, the SOHR also stated that Armenian-born Syrian fighters were being transported to Armenia to fight against Azerbaijan.<ref name="SyrianArmenian">{{cite news|date=30 September 2020|title=Armenia–Azerbaijan conflict {{!}} First Syrian fighter of Ankara-backed factions killed in Azerbaijan|publisher=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/186288/|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-date=5 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005180045/https://www.syriahr.com/en/186288/|url-status=live}}</ref> The next day, Azerbaijani authorities stated that Armenia had widely employed foreign "terrorist forces" and "mercenaries" against it, with there being evidence of people of Armenian origin from the [[Middle East]], especially [[Syria]] and [[Lebanon]], and subsequently [[Russia]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Greece]], the [[United Arab Emirates]], and other countries.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://apa.az/en/frontline-news/Azerbaijani-MFA:-Foreign-terrorist-and-mercenaries-being-used-by-Armenia-against-Azerbaijan-332119|title=Azerbaijani MFA: Foreign terrorist and mercenaries being used by Armenia against Azerbaijan|website=apa.az|date=5 October 2020|access-date=5 October 2020}}</ref> A [[Novaya Gazeta]] report, citing [[Ministry of Interior and Municipalities (Lebanon)|Lebanese Ministry of Internal Affairs]] intelligence, stated around 500 ethnic Armenian Lebanese had travelled to fight in Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2020/10/02/87340-v-boy-vstupayut-naemniki|title=В бой вступают наемники|date=2 October 2020|access-date=13 October 2020|website=novayagazeta.ru|last=el-Hayek|first=Wadih|archive-url=https://archive.is/ki0sC|archive-date=4 October 2020 |language=ru}}</ref> An Armenian defence ministry official has said many from the diaspora applied to volunteer without giving a precise number. Hundreds from as far afield as [[Argentina]] and the [[United States]] have rushed back to Armenia for combat training, a local instructor says. Karapet Aghajanyan, the combat instructor in [[Yerevan]], who trains local and foreign volunteers, told [[Reuters]] around 10 Lebanese-Armenians have received training in his camp.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-armenia-azerbaijan-lebanon-idUKKBN27H157|title=Despite Lebanon's woes, Armenians spring to action for Nagorno-Karabakh|first=Maria Semerdjian, Ellen|last=Francis|date=1 November 2020|website=reuters.com}}</ref> [[France 24]] spoke to soldiers including Armenian diaspora from [[France]] fighting in the Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20201027-armenian-diaspora-pitches-in-as-nagorno-karabakh-truce-crumbles|title=Armenian diaspora pitches in as Nagorno-Karabakh truce crumbles|date=27 October 2020|website=france24.com}}</ref>
=== Kurdish militias ===
{{See also|Armenian–Kurdish relations}}
On 30 September 2020, Turkish sources alleged that approximately 300 [[Kurdistan Workers' Party|PKK]] militants were transported to Nagorno-Karabakh via Iran. However, these claims were not substantiated by evidence.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/turkey-iran-russia-benefit-from-azerbaijan-armenia-conflict-analysis-646951|title=Turkey, Iran, Russia benefit from Azerbaijan, Armenia conflict – analysis|date=2020-10-26|author=Seth J. Frantzman|website=jpost.com|publisher=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://eurasianet.org/question-of-syrian-mercenaries-takes-over-armenia-azerbaijan-information-war|title=Question of Syrian mercenaries takes over Armenia-Azerbaijan information war|date=2020-10-01|website=eurasianet.org|publisher=[[Eurasianet]]}}</ref> The Armenian President, Armen Sarkissian, has denied the Turkish allegations of PKK fighters being present in Armenia, describing them as "absolute nonsense".<ref>{{cite news|date=29 September 2020|title=Turkish claims of PKK fighters in Armenia absolute nonsense: Armen Sarkissian|website=alarabia.net|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/features/2020/09/30/Turkish-claims-of-PKK-fighters-in-Armenia-absolute-nonsense-Armen-Sarkissian|access-date=30 September 2020}}</ref> On 6 October 2020, the [[State Security Service (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijani State Security Service]] (SSS) claimed, citing intercepts, that Armenia had employed foreign mercenaries, including members of Kurdish militant groups whom Armenia had brought from [[Iraq]] and Syria, to fight Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/accidents-incidents-news/SSS-announces-facts-approving-fighting-of-PKK-terrorists-on-the-Armenian-side-against-Azerbaijan-332242|title=SSS announces facts, approving fighting of PKK terrorists on the Armenian side against Azerbaijan|website=apa.az|date=5 October 2020|access-date=5 October 2020|quote=The Republic of Armenia uses foreign mercenaries, including members of the Kurdish terrorist groups whom Armenia has brought from Iraq and Syria, in its aggression against Azerbaijan, Public Relations Department of the State Security Service (SSS) told APA. State Security Service of the Republic of Azerbaijan has intercepted conversations of the terrorists related to the PKK who are participating in combat activities against Azerbaijan. According to the intercepted conversations, the terrorists discuss the precarious situation on Armenia's side and numerous losses. They also talk about how the Azerbaijani side effectively uses drones and regret that they have come to the war zone being deceived by the Armenians. Here we present the above-mentioned materials.}}</ref> On the same day, Russia's [[Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia)|Foreign Intelligence Service]] alleged that there were Kurdish extremist groups, which, according to ''[[Al-Monitor]]'', are fighting on the Armenian side, while there is no direct evidence of it.<ref>{{cite web|first=Kirill|last=Semenov|url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2020/10/russia-recuit-syria-kurds-fighting-armenia-azerbaijan.html#ixzz6bcB3Sdip|title=Will Russia recruit Syrian Kurds to fight in Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict?|publisher=Al-Monitor|date=14 October 2020|access-date=22 October 2020|quote=In this context, it was beneficial for the Russian side to stress the presence of "Kurdish extremist groups", which, according to the intelligence service, came to participate in the conflict on the side of Armenia. While there is no direct evidence of this yet, the potential deployment of Kurdistan Workers Party units or affiliated organizations in the zone of the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict would be extremely sensitive for Turkey. If confirmed, instead of Ankara having eliminated the "Kurdish threat" at the southern borders of the country, a "terrorist hotbed" could be being created at Turkey's northern borders. This could be one price of Turkey's support for Azerbaijan.}}</ref> This was denied by Armenia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.am/eng/news/608647.html|title=Armenian President: We must negotiate with Turkey as a party to the conflict, not as a mediator|date=2020-10-18 |website=news.am|publisher=News.am}}</ref>
=== Arms supplies ===
==== Israel ====
Israel, a major trading partner and weapons supplier for Azerbaijan, is reported to have continued to ship weapons, especially drones, during the conflict.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-09-30|title=Israel sending weapons to Azerbaijan as fight with Armenia rages on: Sources|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/world/2020/10/01/Israel-sending-weapons-to-Azerbaijan-as-fight-with-Armenia-rages-on-Sources|access-date=2020-10-07|publisher=Al Arabiya English|archive-date=2020-10-03|archive-url=https://archive.today/20201003120240/https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/world/2020/10/01/Israel-sending-weapons-to-Azerbaijan-as-fight-with-Armenia-rages-on-Sources|url-status=live}}</ref> Nikol Pashinyan heavily criticized Israel for selling arms to Azerbaijan and its allies saying that they are working with "mercenaries and terrorists", who are targeting peaceful population.<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/armenian-pm-to-post-israel-joins-forces-with-the-devil-647790?fbclid=IwAR0xp4eFD3InNMqKPeGZyrZ3PxBn2VmafimourA4N_l-WN8EzMS9rJ_xJis|title=Armenian PM to Post: Israel joins forces with the devil|website=jpost.com|publisher=the Jerusalem Post|date=2020-11-03}}</ref><ref name="Israel1">{{cite web|url=https://hyepress.com/2020/11/03/pashinyan-to-israel-you-lined-yourselves-up-with-turkey-terrorists-and-syrian-mercenaries/?fbclid=IwAR3ERqKFQzhyvoP64rIyA6ZwcbLoN1F_bH5C1y2cq9sXTti3FtMhG0Vic8U|title=Pashinyan To Israel: You've Aligned With Turkey, Terrorists And Syrian Mercenaries|date=2020-11-03|website=hyepress.com|publisher=Hye Press|quote=Israel has armed Azerbaijan with advanced military including killer drones and illegal cluster bombs outlawed by the UN. Pashinyan says Israel is arming Azerbaijan who is carrying out a second Armenian Genocide – this time in Karabakh.}}</ref>
==== Russia, Iran and Georgia ====
During the conflict, Azerbaijani and Iranian media reported that Russian weaponry and military hardware were being transported to Armenia via Iran.<ref name="bneIranArmeniaarmsshipment">{{cite news |url=https://www.intellinews.com/iran-denies-allowing-passage-of-weapons-into-armenia-after-video-emerges-on-social-media-192945/|title=Iran denies allowing passage of weapons into Armenia after video emerges on social media|website=intellinews.com|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> On 29 September 2020, the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iran)|Iranian Foreign Ministry]] denied these reports.<ref name="Irandeniesarmstrade1">{{cite web|url=https://en.mfa.gov.ir/portal/NewsView/612094|title=Spokesman Denies Claim That Arms Transferred via Iran to Armenia|website=mfa.gov.ir|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930142643/https://en.mfa.gov.ir/portal/NewsView/612094|url-status=live}}</ref> The next day, Azerbaijani government-affiliated media outlets shared footage reportedly showing the materiel being transported.<ref name="AzerbaijanclaimsIRARMarmstrade1">{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Video-footages-spread-regarding-weapons-and-military-equipment-transport-from-Iran-to-Armenia-colorredNEW-FACTScolor-colorredVIDEOcolor-331624|title=Video footages spread regarding weapons and military equipment transport from Iran to Armenia|website=apa.az|date=30 September 2020 |access-date=30 September 2020|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930142803/https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Video-footages-spread-regarding-weapons-and-military-equipment-transport-from-Iran-to-Armenia-colorredNEW-FACTScolor-colorredVIDEOcolor-331624|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="AzerbaijanclaimsIRARMarmstrade2">{{cite news |url=https://www.azernews.az/karabakh/169670.html|title=Military supplies for Armenia being shipped through Iran|website=azernews.az|publisher=AzerNews|date=30 September 2020|access-date=30 September 2020 |archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930142908/https://www.azernews.az/karabakh/169670.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3307948.html|title=Military supplies for Armenia being shipped through Iran|website=trend.az|publisher=Trend News Agency|date=30 September 2020|access-date=30 September 2020|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930143038/https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3307948.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Azerbaijani MP [[Sabir Rustamkhanli]] alleged that Iran was engaged in transporting weapons from various countries to Armenia.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://report.az/milli-meclis/mm-kubada-sefirlik-tesis-olunmasi-layihesini-qebul-etdi/|title=Deputat: "İran müxtəlif ölkələrdən gələn silah-sursatı Ermənistana daşımaqla məşğuldur"|website=report.az|publisher=Report Information Agency|date=30 September 2020|access-date=30 September 2020 |language=az|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930143135/https://report.az/milli-meclis/mm-kubada-sefirlik-tesis-olunmasi-layihesini-qebul-etdi/|url-status=live}}</ref> Subsequently, in the Azerbaijani Parliament, Rustamkhanli suggested opening an Azerbaijani embassy in Israel.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/foreign-news/Opening-Azerbaijani-Embassy-to-Israel-suggested-in-Azerbaijani-Parliament-331631|title=Opening Azerbaijani Embassy to Israel suggested in Azerbaijani Parliament|website=apa.az|date=30 September 2020|access-date=30 September 2020|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930121234/https://apa.az/en/foreign-news/Opening-Azerbaijani-Embassy-to-Israel-suggested-in-Azerbaijani-Parliament-331631|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Presidential Administration of Iran|Chief of Staff of the President of Iran]], in a phone call with the [[Prime Minister of Azerbaijan|Deputy Prime Minister of Azerbaijan]], denied the reports and stated that they were aimed at disrupting both countries' [[Azerbaijan–Iran relations|relations]].<ref name="Irandeniesarmstrade2">{{cite news |url=https://www.iribnews.ir/fa/news/2841669/%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1-%DA%A9%D9%85%DA%A9-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7-%D8%A8%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA|title=شایعات مبنی بر کمک ایران به ارمنستان کاملا بی اساس است|website=iribnews.ir |publisher=Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting|date=30 September 2020|access-date=30 September 2020|language=fa|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930143337/https://www.iribnews.ir/fa/news/2841669/%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1-%DA%A9%D9%85%DA%A9-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7-%D8%A8%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA|url-status=live}}</ref> Iranian state-affiliated media stated that trucks depicted in the footage consisted of shipments of [[Kamaz]] trucks that the Armenian government had previously purchased from Russia.<ref name="Irandeniesarmstrade4">{{cite news|url=https://www.iribnews.ir/fa/news/2841827/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AE%D8%A7%DA%A9-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86|title=انتقال کامیونهای روسی از خاک ایران!|website=iribnews.ir|publisher=Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting|date=29 September 2020|access-date=30 September 2020|language=fa|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930143710/https://www.iribnews.ir/fa/news/2841827/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AE%D8%A7%DA%A9-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86|url-status=live}}</ref>
Azerbaijan's president initially stated that [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] had not allowed the transportation of weapons through its territory and thanked Georgia, as a partner and friend.<ref>{{cite news |title=Azerbaijani president Aliyev: Georgia has prevented transit for arms supply for Armenia|url=https://agenda.ge/en/news/2020/2914|publisher=agenda.ge|date=September 2020}}</ref> However, in a subsequent interview, he alleged that Armenia was misusing one of its [[Ilyushin Il-76|Il-76]] cargo planes for civil flights, to secretly transport fighters and [[9M133 Kornet|Kornet anti-tank missiles]] from Russia through Georgian airspace into Armenia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Алиев: Иран и Грузия закрыли воздушное пространство и наземные дороги для доставки оружия в Армению|url=https://report.az/ru/nagorno-karabakhskiy-konflikt/aliev-iran-i-gruziya-zakryli-vozdushnoe-prostranstvo-i-nazemnye-dorogi-dlya-dostavki-oruzhiya-v-armeniyu/|access-date=2020-10-28|website=Информационное Агентство Репорт|language=ru}}</ref> Georgia responded by stating that its airspace was closed to all military and military cargo flights but not for civil and humanitarian ones.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-17|title=Karabakh: Georgia Says Not Responsible for Civilian Flights|url=https://civil.ge/archives/375897|access-date=2020-10-28|website=civil.ge}}</ref>
==== Serbia ====
Azerbaijan has stated that Armenia is employing Serbian weapons, alleged to have been transported via Georgia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Serbia is Playing With Fire, Delivering Arms to Armenia {{!}} Balkan Insight|url=https://balkaninsight.com/2020/10/02/serbia-is-playing-with-fire-delivering-arms-to-armenia/|access-date=2020-10-07|website=balkaninsight.com|archive-date=2020-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006182614/https://balkaninsight.com/2020/10/02/serbia-is-playing-with-fire-delivering-arms-to-armenia/|url-status=live}}</ref> In response, the [[President of Serbia]], [[Aleksandar Vučić]], stated that Serbia considers both Armenia and Azerbaijan to be friends and "brotherly nations", insisting that Serbian weapons were not being used in Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://globalvoices.org/2020/10/08/serbian-government-first-flaunts-then-denies-having-sold-weapons-to-both-armenia-and-azerbaijan/|title=Serbian government first flaunts, then denies having sold weapons to both Armenia and Azerbaijan|date=8 October 2020|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009221751/https://globalvoices.org/2020/10/08/serbian-government-first-flaunts-then-denies-having-sold-weapons-to-both-armenia-and-azerbaijan/|url-status=live}}</ref>
== International reactions ==
=== OSCE Minsk Group ===
On 2 October 2020, the [[OSCE Minsk Group]], responsible for mediating the [[peace process]] in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict since 1992, condemned the fighting and called on those involved in the conflict to respect their [[Geneva Conventions|obligations to protect civilians]]. The Minsk Group stated that participation by "external parties" was working against the peace process. The group called for an immediate ceasefire, and "substantive negotiations, in good faith and without preconditions".<ref name="MinskGroup_2Oct2020"/>
=== Supranational and regional organizations ===
[[File:Ilham Aliyev received Baghdad Amreyev, Mustafa Rifat Adham Ikramov, and Marat Sharshekeev1.jpg|thumb|right|Secretary-General of the [[Turkic Council]], Baghdad Amreyev, in [[Baku]] on 2 November 2020.]]
[[President of the European Council]] [[Charles Michel]] called for a bilateral cessation of hostilities, as did the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]] (OSCE)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gumrukcu|first1=Tuvan|last2=Tétrault-Farber|first2=Gabrielle|last3=Soldatkin|first3=Vladimir|editor1-last=Heritage|editor1-first=Timothy|editor2-last=Evans|editor2-first=David|editor3-last=Wallis |editor3-first=Daniel|title=Armenia–Azerbaijan clashes kill at least 16, undermine regional stability|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan/armenia-azerbaijan-clashes-kill-at-least-16-undermine-regional-stability-idUSKBN26I06E?il=0|access-date=27 September 2020|agency=Reuters|date=27 September 2020|archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928175742/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan/armenia-azerbaijan-clashes-kill-at-least-16-undermine-regional-stability-idUSKBN26I06E?il=0|url-status=live }}</ref> on 1 October and 5 October 2020, and [[Secretary-General of the United Nations]] [[António Guterres]] followed by the [[United Nations Security Council]] (UNSC). Following a closed council meeting, the Security Council issued a statement. It condemned the use of force and reiterated the Secretary-General's call to immediately cease fighting, deescalate tensions and return to meaningful negotiations. It further expressed concern at "large scale military actions", regret at the death toll and impact on civilian populations, and complete support for the "central role" of the OSCE, urging both sides to cooperate towards an urgent return of dialogue without setting preconditions.<ref name="f24_300920" /> On 18 October 2020, the UN Secretary-General again called on Armenia and Azerbaijan to respect the humanitarian truce and condemned attacks on civilians.<ref>{{cite web|last=Melimopoulos|first=Arwa Ibrahim,Elizabeth|title=UN chief urges Nagorno-Karabakh rivals to respect truce |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/18/armenia-accuses-azerbaijan-of-violating-truce-in-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=2020-10-19|website=aljazeera.com}}</ref> Similarly, Secretary General of [[NATO]], [[Jens Stoltenberg]], expressed deep concern for the escalation of hostilities and called for the sides to immediately halt fighting and progress towards a peaceful resolution, urging NATO-member Turkey to use its influence to that end.<ref name="UPI">{{cite news|title=NATO to continue to support Turkey, Secretary-General says|url=https://www.upi.com/Defense-News/2020/10/05/NATO-to-continue-to-support-Turkey-Secretary-General-says/1431601916532/|publisher=United Press International|date=5 October 2020}}</ref><ref name=":20">{{cite web|title=NATO chief tells Turkey to help calm Karabakh conflict |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/1996983/nato-chief-tells-turkey-to-help-calm-karabakh-conflict|url-status=live|access-date=2020-10-09|website=Bangkok Post|publisher=Reuters}}</ref> Stoltenberg expressed NATO's neutrality and said that both "Armenia and Azerbaijan have been valued NATO partners for more than 25 years".<ref>{{cite news|title=Armenian president accuses Turkey in visit to NATO |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/international/world-news-politics/armenian-president-accuses-turkey-in-visit-to-nato-905323.html|publisher=Deccan Herald|date=21 October 2020}}</ref> NATO and the [[European Union]] (EU) have refused to publicly criticize Turkey's involvement in the conflict.<ref name="UPI"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Nato and EU silent on Turkey, despite Armenia's appeal |url=https://euobserver.com/foreign/149833|publisher=EUobserver|date=23 October 2020}}</ref>
Secretary General of the [[Organization of American States]] [[Luis Almagro]] demanded that Azerbaijan cease hostilities,<ref>{{cite web|last=OAS|date=2020-09-27|title=OAS – Organization of American States: Democracy for peace, security, and development|url=https://www.oas.org/en/media_center/press_release.asp?sCodigo=E-098/20|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001013846/https://www.oas.org/en/media_center/press_release.asp?sCodigo=E-098%2F20|archive-date=2020-10-01|access-date=2020-09-28|publisher=OAS – Organization of American States}}</ref> whereas the [[Turkic Council]] demanded an unconditional withdrawal of Armenia from the occupied territories of Azerbaijan,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.turkkon.org/en/haberler/statement-of-the-secretary-general-of-the-turkic-council_2075|title=Statement of the Secretary General of the Turkic Council|website=turkkon.org|publisher=Turkic Council|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020 |archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928175702/https://www.turkkon.org/en/haberler/statement-of-the-secretary-general-of-the-turkic-council_2075|url-status=dead}}</ref> and adding that [[Turkic world]] have stood by "brotherly Azerbaijan".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://menafn.com/1101060499/We-as-the-Turkic-Council-and-the-Turkic-world-have-stood-by-brotherly-Azerbaijan-Turkic-Council-SecGe|title=We, as the Turkic Council and the Turkic world, have stood by brotherly Azerbaijan – Turkic Council SecGen|date=3 November 2020}}</ref> The [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] initially condemned Armenian "provocations"<ref>{{cite web|title=OIC Condemns Repeated Provocations and Aggresion by Armenian Military Forces against Azerbaijan|url=https://www.oic-oci.org/topic/?t_id=23879&ref=14184&lan=en|url-status=live|website=Organisation of Islamic Cooperation}}</ref> and subsequently expressed concern regarding Armenia's violations of the 10 October 2020 humanitarian ceasefire and conditional solidarity with the Republic of Azerbaijan, highlighting the OIC stance and that of the UNSC and urging a political solution to the conflict, and affirming respect for Azerbaijan's sovereignty, territorial integrity, and internationally recognized borders.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cooperation|first=Organization of Islamic|date=2020-10-14|title=OIC Reaffirms its Solidarity with the Republic of Azerbaijan |url=https://www.oic-oci.org/topic/ampg.asp?t_id=24820&t_ref=15170&lan=en|access-date=2020-10-18|publisher=OIC Reaffirms its Solidarity with the Republic of Azerbaijan}}</ref>
On 19 October 2020, at the request of Russia, the United States, and France, the [[United Nations Security Council]] held closed consultations on the situation in Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.interfax.ru/world/732210|title=СБ ООН обсудил меры по контролю за соблюдением перемирия в Карабахе|date=2020-10-20|access-date=2020-10-28}}</ref> After discussions, a draft declaration was prepared on behalf of the [[Presidency of the United Nations Security Council|President of the Security Council]]. The draft declaration did not contain a reference to the [[List of United Nations Security Council resolutions on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|previous UN Security Council resolutions]] regarding the topic. According to Hikmat Hajiyev, this project was mainly prepared by Russia and France.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.is/https://report.az/en/nagorno-karabakh-conflict/hikmat-hajiyev-comments-on-discussions-in-un-security-council-on-armenian-azerbaijani-conflict/|title=Members of Non-Aligned Movement refuse to adopt document against Azerbaijan|date=2020-10-23|access-date=2020-10-29}}</ref> However, non-permanent members of the Security Council, who are the members of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]] at the same time, twice violated the silence procedure, insisting on the inclusion in the statement of a reference to the UN Security Council resolutions. Following the persistent and principled position of the member states of the Non-Aligned Movement, the draft statement in question was formally withdrawn. President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev, who is also the Chairman of Non-Aligned Movement <ref>https://en.president.az/articles/40878</ref> thanked those states including [[Indonesia]], [[Niger]], [[Tunisia]], [[Vietnam]], [[South Africa]], [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]], and the [[Dominican Republic]] for their fair position, announcing that he will continue to defend the interests of the member states, international law, and justice in the UN and other international organizations.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://azertag.az/ru/xeber/Pomoshchnik_Prezidenta_Xikmet_Gadzhiev_prokommentiroval_obsuzhdeniya_v_Sovete_Bezopasnosti_OON_po_armyano_azerbaidzhanskomu_konfliktu-1622313|title=Помощник Президента Хикмет Гаджиев прокомментировал обсуждения в Совете Безопасности ООН по армяно-азербайджанскому конфликту|date=2020-10-23|access-date=2020-10-28|website=apa.az}}</ref>
=== Countries ===
==== Russia ====
Being a co-chair of [[OSCE Minsk Group]], Russia's main role in this conflict is that of a mediator. On 2 October 2020, along with the other two co-chairs of the Group, France and the U.S., it called for immediate cessation of hostilities in Nagorno-Karabakh, and asked both sides to continue negotiations without preconditions.<ref>{{cite web|title=France, Russia and US call for immediate truce in Nagorno-Karabakh|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20201002-france-russia-and-us-call-for-immediate-truce-in-nagorno-karabakh|publisher=France 24|date=2 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> On 6 October 2020, the Russian Foreign Minister [[Sergei Lavrov]] and his Iranian counterpart [[Mohammad Javad Zarif]] expressed concern about the involvement of Syrian and Libyan fighters in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, with the possible support of Turkey.<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia ready for "mutual concessions" with Azerbaijan|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/6/assad-calls-erdogan-the-main-instigator-in-in-nagorno-karabakh|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=6 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Russia, Iran concerned about Syrian and Libyan fighters in Nagorno-Karabakh – Moscow |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/armenia-azerbaijan-russia-iran/russia-iran-concerned-about-syrian-and-libyan-fighters-in-nagorno-karabakh-moscow-idINKBN26N2TQ|publisher=Reuters|date=2 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> Both Russia and Armenia are part of a mutual defence pact. However, on 8 October 2020, President [[Vladimir Putin]] expressed that the fighting is not happening on the territory of Armenia and therefore Russia would not intervene in the current conflict.<ref>{{cite web|title=Putin Says Fighting Is Not Taking Place In Territory Of Armenia|url=https://caspiannews.com/news-detail/putin-says-fighting-is-not-taking-place-in-territory-of-armenia-2020-10-8-0/|publisher=Caspian News|date=8 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> He also affirmed Russia's good relations with both Armenia and Azerbaijan. On 9 October 2020, Lavrov mediated a ceasefire after 10 hours of talks between Armenian and Azerbaijani Foreign Ministers in Moscow. The ceasefire was quickly broken.<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia and Azerbaijan accuse each other of violating Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire|url=https://ca.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-diplomacy-idCAKBN26V005|publisher=Reuters|date=10 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> On 22 October 2020, Putin indicated that the root of the conflict lines in interethnic clashes between Armenians and Azerbaijanis in the 1980s, and specifically referred to the [[Sumgait pogrom|massacre of Armenians in Sumgait]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Путин заявил о почти пяти тысячах погибших в Карабахе|url=https://ria.ru/20201023/putin-1581111641.html|publisher=Ria|date=23 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Putin: Karabakh conflict started with brutal crimes against Armenian people|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/22/putin-karabakh-conflict-started-with-brutal-crimes-against-armenian-people/|publisher=Public Radio of Armenia|date=22 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref>
==== United States ====
On 27 September 2020, United States president [[Donald Trump]] said his administration was "looking at [the conflict] very strongly" and that it was seeing whether it could stop it.<ref name="DJTReuters">{{cite web|date=28 September 2020|title=Trump says U.S. will seek to stop violence between Armenia, Azerbaijan|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-trump-idUSKBN26I124|website=reuters.com |publisher=Reuters}}</ref> Presidential candidate and former Vice President [[Joe Biden]] demanded that Turkey "stay out" of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.<ref name="KellyNagornoKarabakh">Laura Kelly, [https://thehill.com/policy/international/518794-biden-says-turkey-must-stay-out-of-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict Biden says Turkey must stay out of Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004092433/https://thehill.com/policy/international/518794-biden-says-turkey-must-stay-out-of-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict|date=2020-10-04}} ''The Hill'' 29 September 2020</ref> In a letter to [[United States Secretary of State|U.S. Secretary of State]] [[Mike Pompeo]], Senate Foreign Relations Committee ranking member [[Bob Menendez]], Senate Minority Leader [[Chuck Schumer]], and several other lawmakers called for the Trump administration to immediately suspend [[United States military aid|U.S. military aid]] [[Azerbaijan–United States relations|to Azerbaijan]],<ref>{{cite news|date=2 October 2020|title=Senate and House Leaders to Secretary of State Pompeo: Cut Military Aid to Azerbaijan; Sanction Turkey for Ongoing Attacks Against Armenia and Artsakh|publisher=The Armenian Weekly|url=https://armenianweekly.com/2020/10/02/senate-and-house-leaders-to-secretary-of-state-pompeo-cut-military-aid-to-azerbaijan-sanction-turkey-for-ongoing-attacks-against-armenia-and-artsakh/ |url-status=live|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005130156/https://armenianweekly.com/2020/10/02/senate-and-house-leaders-to-secretary-of-state-pompeo-cut-military-aid-to-azerbaijan-sanction-turkey-for-ongoing-attacks-against-armenia-and-artsakh/|archive-date=5 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="defensenews">{{cite news|date=6 October 2020|title=Democrats urge halt to security aid to Azerbaijan in Armenia conflict|publisher=Defense News|url=https://www.defensenews.com/congress/2020/10/06/democrats-urge-halt-to-security-aid-to-azerbaijan-in-armenia-conflict/|url-status=live|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010113902/https://www.defensenews.com/congress/2020/10/06/democrats-urge-halt-to-security-aid-to-azerbaijan-in-armenia-conflict/|archive-date=10 October 2020}}</ref> sent through [[The Pentagon|Pentagon]]'s "building partner assistance program".<ref name="defensenews"/><ref>{{cite news|date=17 July 2019|title=US Allocates US$100 million in Security Aid to Azerbaijan in 2018–19|publisher=USC Institute of Armenian Studies|url=https://armenian.usc.edu/us-allocates-100-million-in-security-aid-to-azerbaijan/|url-status=live|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008151829/https://armenian.usc.edu/us-allocates-100-million-in-security-aid-to-azerbaijan/|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref> [[Eliot Engel]], chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, called the influence of third party actors like Turkey "troubling".<ref>{{cite news|date=September 29, 2020|title=Democrats warn Turkey over involvement in Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict |publisher=The Hill|url=https://thehill.com/policy/international/518737-democrats-warn-turkey-over-involvement-in-azerbaijan-armenia-conflict|url-status=live|access-date=October 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004085716/https://thehill.com/policy/international/518737-democrats-warn-turkey-over-involvement-in-azerbaijan-armenia-conflict|archive-date=October 4, 2020}}</ref> On 15 October 2020, Pompeo urged both sides to respect the humanitarian ceasefire and stated, "We now have the Turks, who have stepped in and provided resources to Azerbaijan, increasing the risk, increasing the firepower that's taking place in this historic fight... The resolution of that conflict ought to be done through negotiation and peaceful discussions, not through armed conflict, and certainly not with third party countries coming in to lend their firepower to what is already a powder keg of a situation".<ref name="statepompeointerview">{{cite web|date=15 October 2020|title=Secretary Michael R. Pompeo With Erick Erickson of The Erick Erickson Show on WSB Atlanta|url=https://www.state.gov/secretary-michael-r-pompeo-with-erick-erickson-of-the-erick-erickson-show-on-wsb-atlanta/|url-status=live|access-date=16 October 2020 |website=state.gov|publisher=The United States Department of State}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
A number of U.S. congressmen were more vocal in their criticism of the Azerbaijani side. On 22 October 2020, Representative [[Frank Pallone]] said he would introduce a bipartisan resolution with the backing of several dozen colleagues that "support[s] the Republic of Artsakh, recognizing its right to self-determination, and condemning Azerbaijan and Turkey for aggression".<ref>[https://pallone.house.gov/media/press-releases/pallone-introduce-bipartisan-resolution-supporting-artsakh-s-right-self-0 Pallone to Introduce Bipartisan Resolution Supporting Artsakh's Right to Self-Determination] 22 October 2020</ref> At least one congressman, [[Brad Sherman]], called for the imposition of sanctions against Azerbaijan through the [[Magnitsky Act]].<ref>{{cite web|date=10 October 2020|title=Rep. Brad Sherman calls for applying Global Magnitsky sanctions on Azeri officials|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1031116.html|access-date=26 October 2020|publisher=Armenpress}}</ref>
On 23 October 2020, President Trump stated that "good progress" was being made on reaching an agreement in the conflict, saying: "We are talking about this; we are talking with Armenia. We have very good relations with Armenia. They're great people and we're going to help them".<ref>{{cite web|date=23 October 2020|title=Armenians are great people and we're going to help them – Donald Trump |url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/23/armenians-are-great-people-and-were-going-to-help-them-donald-trump/|access-date=26 October 2020|publisher=Public Radio of Armenia}}</ref> On 25 October 2020, U.S. National Security Advisor [[Robert C. O'Brien]] announced that Armenia has accepted a ceasefire, Azerbaijan has not yet but they are "pushing them to do so".<ref>{{cite web|date=25 October 2020|title=Armenia has accepted a ceasefire, Azerbaijan has not – Robert O'Brien|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/25/armenia-has-accepted-a-ceasefire-azerbaijan-has-not-robert-obrien/|access-date=26 October 2020 |publisher=Public Rdio of Armenia}}</ref> Later that day it was announced that both sides had agreed with a humanitarian ceasefire from the next day morning.<ref>{{cite web|date=25 October 2020 |title=Humanitarian ceasefire in Nagorno Karabakh to be effective at 08:00 on 26 October 2020|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/25/ceasefire-in-nagorno-karabakh-to-be-effective-0800-a-m-on-october-26-2020/ |access-date=26 October 2020|publisher=Public Radio of Armenia}}</ref>
==== Turkey ====
[[File:Ilham Aliyev received delegation led by Turkish Foreign Minister.jpg|thumb|right|Azerbaijani President [[Ilham Aliyev]] and the Turkish Foreign Minister [[Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu]] on 6 October 2020.]]
The governments of [[Turkey]] and [[Pakistan]] expressed support for Azerbaijan. Turkey blamed Armenia for violating the ceasefire<ref name="aj_270920">{{cite web|title=Armenia-Azerbaijan clashes: How the world reacted|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/9/27/armenia-azerbaijan-clashes-world-reactions|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927124156/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/9/27/armenia-azerbaijan-clashes-world-reactions|archive-date=27 September 2020|access-date=27 September 2020 |website=aljazeera.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Armenia and Azerbaijan erupt into fighting over disputed Nagorno-Karabakh|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54314341|url-status=live|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928055530/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54314341|archive-date=28 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Pakistan expresses "deep concern", assures support to Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|publisher=The News International|location=Karachi |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/721049-pakistan-expresses-concerns-over-nagorno-karabakh-conflict-assures-support-to-azerbaijan|url-status=live|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928092958/https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/721049-pakistan-expresses-concerns-over-nagorno-karabakh-conflict-assures-support-to-azerbaijan|archive-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> and Turkish President Erdogan initially urged Azerbaijan to persist with its campaign until it had retaken all territory lost in the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.<ref name=":20"/> Erdogan criticized the failed activities of the OSCE Minsk Group in the last 25 years as "stalling tactics" preventing a diplomatic solution.<ref name="reuters14oct">{{cite news|title=Turkey's Erdogan says Minsk group stalling on Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-turkey-erdogan-idUSKBN26Z1P8|access-date=21 October 2020|publisher=Reuters|date=14 October 2020}}</ref> Further, Turkey issued a statement on 1 October 2020 dismissing the joint demands from France, Russia, and the United States calling for a ceasefire.<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia-Azerbaijan: Both sides defy Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire calls|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54366616|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001030106/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54366616|archive-date=1 October 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|website=bbc.com|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref name="Reuters OSCE">{{cite web|last1=Bagirova|first1=Nailia|last2=Hovhannisyan|first2=Nvard|title=Turkey rebuffs Russia, France and U.S. over Nagono-Karabakh ceasefire moves|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan/turkey-rebuffs-russia-france-and-u-s-over-nagono-karabakh-ceasefire-moves-idUSKBN26M5IJ|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001202829/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan/turkey-rebuffs-russia-france-and-u-s-over-nagono-karabakh-ceasefire-moves-idUSKBN26M5IJ|archive-date=1 October 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|website=reuters.com|publisher=Reuters}}</ref> [[Northern Cyprus]], a self-declared state [[List of states with limited recognition|recognized only by Turkey]], expressed support for Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web|date=29 September 2020|title=Turkish Cypriot side sends messages of support to Azerbaijan|url=https://cyprus-mail.com/2020/09/29/turkish-cypriot-side-sends-messages-of-support-to-azerbaijan|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010113903/https://cyprus-mail.com/2020/09/29/turkish-cypriot-side-sends-messages-of-support-to-azerbaijan|archive-date=10 October 2020|access-date=10 October 2020}}</ref>
Turkey accused [[Canada]] of a "double standard" in freezing military exports to Turkey but not [[Saudi Arabia]], which is involved in [[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen|military intervention in Yemen]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Turks accuse Canada of "double standard" in freezing military exports to Turkey but not Saudi Arabia|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-turks-accuse-canada-of-double-standard-in-freezing-military-exports/|publisher=The Globe and Mail|date=6 October 2020}}</ref>
==== Others ====
[[File:Ilham Aliyev received delegation led by Special Envoy of Iranian President1.jpg|thumb|right|[[President of Iran|Iranian Presidential Envoy]] led by [[Abbas Araghchi]] in [[Baku]] on 28 October 2020.]]
Syrian President [[Bashar al-Assad]] blamed Turkey for the conflict,<ref name="assad"/> while Greek foreign minister [[Nikos Dendias]], on a visit to Yerevan on 16 October 2020, said that it was critical to end foreign interference, warning that Turkey's intervention was raising serious international concerns.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Statement by Minister of Foreign Affairs, N. Dendias, following his meeting with the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Armenia, Zohrab Mnatsakanyan (Yerevan, 16 October 2020)|url=https://www.mfa.gr/en/current-affairs/top-story/statement-by-minister-of-foreign-affairs-dendias-following-his-meeting-with-the-minister-of-foreign-affairs-of-armenia-zohrab-mnatsakanyan-yerevan-16102020.html|access-date=16 October 2020|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Hellenic Republic|date=16 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Israeli President [[Reuven Rivlin]] expressed sorrow at the resumption of violence and loss of life, stating that Israel's long-standing cooperation and relations with Azerbaijan was not for offensive purposes, adding that Israel was interested in promoting relations with Armenia and was prepared to offer humanitarian aid.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rivlin speaks with Armenian president, hopes ambassador will return soon|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/rivlin-speaks-with-armenian-president-hopes-ambassador-will-return-soon-644575|access-date=2020-10-05|website=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> However, Nikol Pashinyan heavily criticized Israel for selling arms to Azerbaijan and its allies saying that they are working with "mercenaries and terrorists", who are targeting peaceful population.<ref name="auto2"/><ref name="Israel1"/> Armenia recalled its ambassador to Israel for consultations. Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan also rejected the [[humanitarian aid]] proposed by Israel and stated that the country should send that aid to the "terrorists".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/armenian-pm-to-post-israel-joins-forces-with-the-devil-6477904|title=Armenian PM to Post: Israel joins forces with the devil|date=2020-11-03|website=jpost.com|publisher=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|quote=Humanitarian aid by a country that is selling weapons to mercenaries, which they are using to strike a civilian peaceful population? I propose that Israel send that aid to the mercenaries and to the terrorists as the logical continuation of its activities.}}</ref> [[Israel]]i Defence Minister [[Benny Gantz]] accused Turkey of disrupting peace efforts in the region and called for international pressure on Turkey to dissuade "direct terrorism".<ref name="news24">{{Cite web|date=2020-10-06|title=Azerbaijan–Armenia war: Saudi Arabia calls for boycott of Turkish goods, Israel urges NATO action against Turkey|url=https://news24online.com/news/world/azerbaijan-armenia-war-saudi-arabia-calls-boycott-turkish-goods-israel-urges-nato-action-against-turkey-2248ea3f|access-date=2020-10-07|website=News24 English}}</ref> Israel declined to comment on the possibility of halting support for Azerbaijan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Israel may halt its weapons sale to Azerbaijan, Armenian ambassador says|url=https://www.jpost.com/international/israel-may-halt-its-weapons-sale-to-azerbaijan-armenian-ambassador-says-644602|access-date=2020-10-07|website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com}}</ref>
[[Hungary]] stated it backed Azerbaijan's territorial integrity, adding it supports the reduction of tensions in the escalating conflict and a negotiated OSCE Minsk Group solution.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hungarytoday.hu/hungary-nagorno-karabakh-conflict-eu-summit-azerbaijan/|title=Hungarian Gov't Stands by Azerbaijan in Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict|first=Fanni|last=Kaszás|newspaper=Hungary Today|date=1 October 2020|access-date=2 October 2020|archive-date=5 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005043618/https://hungarytoday.hu/hungary-nagorno-karabakh-conflict-eu-summit-azerbaijan/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://index.hu/kulfold/2020/10/01/azeri/|title=Magyarország kiáll Azerbajdzsán mellett a hegyi-karabahi konfliktusban|first=Viktor|last=Buzna|newspaper=[[Index (Hungarian website)|Index]]|date=1 October 2020|access-date=2 October 2020|language=hu}}</ref> [[Ukraine]] stated that it supports Azerbaijan's territorial integrity, would not provide military assistance to either state,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3110781-avakov-ukraine-wont-provide-military-assistance-to-armeniaazerbaijan-conflict-parties.html|title=Avakov: Ukraine won't provide military assistance to Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict parties|newspaper=Ukrinform|date=2 October 2020|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-date=5 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005050512/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3110781-avakov-ukraine-wont-provide-military-assistance-to-armeniaazerbaijan-conflict-parties.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/ukraine-supports-azerbaijans-territorial-integrity/1993930|title=Ukraine supports Azerbaijan's territorial integrity|first=Tahla|last=Yavuz|newspaper=[[Anadolu Agency]]|date=2 October 2020|access-date=2 October 2020|archive-date=5 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005122528/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/ukraine-supports-azerbaijans-territorial-integrity/1993930|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3109423-ukraine-at-osce-calls-for-peaceful-settlement-of-nagornokarabakh-conflict.html|title=Ukraine at OSCE calls for peaceful settlement of Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|newspaper=[[Ukrinform]]|date=30 September 2020|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-date=3 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003013149/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3109423-ukraine-at-osce-calls-for-peaceful-settlement-of-nagornokarabakh-conflict.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and wanted to avoid an ethnic conflict between its own [[Armenians in Ukraine|Armenian]] and [[Azerbaijanis in Ukraine|Azerbaijani]] communities.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.unian.info/politics/nagorno-karabakh-kuleba-calls-on-officials-to-make-balanced-comments-11168372.html|title=Kuleba calls on officials to make balanced comments on Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict|newspaper=[[Ukrainian Independent Information Agency]]|date=2 October 2020|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-date=5 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005060429/https://www.unian.info/politics/nagorno-karabakh-kuleba-calls-on-officials-to-make-balanced-comments-11168372.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Iran]] stated that no military solution to the conflict existed and expressed support for Azerbaijan's territorial integrity, emphasizing the need for a ceasefire and political dialogue and expressing concern over the conflict.<ref name="spokesman" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/453300/Tehran-urges-Armenia-to-respect-Azerbaijan-s-territorial-integrity|title=Tehran urges Armenia to respect Azerbaijan's territorial integrity|date=6 October 2020|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010113905/https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/453300/Tehran-urges-Armenia-to-respect-Azerbaijan-s-territorial-integrity|url-status=live}}</ref> While the [[supreme leader]] [[Ali Khamenei]] told that Azerbaijan is "entitled to liberate its occupied territories", and that the security of Armenian minority should be ensured.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/165482/Iran-s-policies-not-to-change-with-change-of-US-gov|title=Iran’s policies not to change with change of US gov.|date=3 November 2020}}</ref> [[Albania]] stated that it supports territorial integrity of Azerbaijan and called both sides to solve conflict with peaceful negotiations.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://albaniandailynews.com/news/president-meta-accepts-azerbaijan-ambassador-s-credentials |title=President Meta accepts Azerbaijan ambassador's credentials |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=22 October 2020 |website=albaniandailynews.com |publisher= |access-date= |quote=I confirmed Albania's support for the territorial integrity of Azerbaijan..}}</ref>
Representatives of countries, including [[Argentina]],<ref>{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Preocupación argentina por los enfrentamientos entre Armenia y Azerbaiyán|language=Spanish|trans-title=Argentine concern over the clashes between Armenia and Azerbaijan|work=cancilleria.gob.ar|agency=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship]]|url=https://www.cancilleria.gob.ar/es/actualidad/noticias/preocupacion-argentina-por-los-enfrentamientos-entre-armenia-y-azerbaiyan|url-status=live|access-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002033731/https://www.cancilleria.gob.ar/es/actualidad/noticias/preocupacion-argentina-por-los-enfrentamientos-entre-armenia-y-azerbaiyan|archive-date=2 October 2020}}</ref> [[Canada]],<ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=Joint statement by Canada and the United Kingdom on the Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict|work=canada.ca|agency=[[Global Affairs Canada]]|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2020/09/joint-statement-by-canada-and-the-united-kingdom-on-the-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict.html|url-status=live|access-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003214605/https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2020/09/joint-statement-by-canada-and-the-united-kingdom-on-the-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict.html|archive-date=3 October 2020}}</ref> [[Chile]],<ref>{{cite news|date=29 September 2020|title=Chile expresa su preocupación por enfrentamientos entre Armenia y Azerbaiyán|language=Spanish|trans-title=Chile expresses concern over clashes between Armenia and Azerbaijan|work=minrel.gob.cl|agency=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Chile)]]|url=https://minrel.gob.cl/chile-expresa-su-preocupacion-por-enfrentamientos-entre-armenia-y/minrel/2020-09-29/192927.html|url-status=live|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010113831/https://minrel.gob.cl/chile-expresa-su-preocupacion-por-enfrentamientos-entre-armenia-y/minrel/2020-09-29/192927.html|archive-date=10 October 2020}}</ref> [[China]],<ref>{{Cite news|author=Reuters Staff|date=2020-09-28|title=China says hopes Armenia, Azerbaijan resolve differences via talks|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/armenia-azerbaijan-china-idUSB9N2G5048|url-status=live|access-date=2020-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003010737/https://www.reuters.com/article/armenia-azerbaijan-china-idUSB9N2G5048|archive-date=2020-10-03}}</ref> [[Croatia]],<ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=Croatia calls for ceasefire in Nagorno-Karabakh|work=[[N1 (TV channel)|N1]]|location=Zagreb|url=http://hr.n1info.com/English/NEWS/a558425/Croatia-calls-for-ceasefire-in-Nagorno-Karabakh.html|url-status=live|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008211601/http://hr.n1info.com/English/NEWS/a558425/Croatia-calls-for-ceasefire-in-Nagorno-Karabakh.html|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref> [[Estonia]],<ref>{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Estonia plans to initiate UNSC consultations on Nagorno-Karabakh|newspaper=TASS Russian News Agency|url=https://tass.com/world/1205663|url-status=live|access-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001045854/https://tass.com/world/1205663|archive-date=1 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=30 September 2020|title=Riigikogu parliamentary groups express concern for Armenia, Azerbaijan|newspaper=[[Eesti Rahvusringhääling]]|url=https://news.err.ee/1141138/riigikogu-parliamentary-groups-express-concern-for-armenia-azerbaijan|url-status=live|access-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002144352/https://news.err.ee/1141138/riigikogu-parliamentary-groups-express-concern-for-armenia-azerbaijan|archive-date=2 October 2020}}</ref> [[France]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Blamont|first1=Matthias|date=27 September 2020|title=France calls on Armenia, Azerbaijan to end hostilities|agency=[[Reuters]]|editor1-last=Evans|editor1-first=Catherine|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-france/france-calls-on-armenia-azerbaijan-to-end-hostilities-idUSKBN26I0CE|url-status=live|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927122302/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-france/france-calls-on-armenia-azerbaijan-to-end-hostilities-idUSKBN26I0CE|archive-date=27 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="TASS OSCE">{{cite web|title=Putin, Macron, Trump call for talks on Nagorno-Karabakh without preconditions|url=https://tass.com/politics/1207437|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001170317/https://tass.com/politics/1207437|archive-date=1 October 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|website=TASS Russian News Agency|publisher=TASS}}</ref><ref name="FT OSCE">{{cite web|last1=Foy|first1=Henry|last2=Pitel|first2=Laura|last3=Peel|first3=Michael|title=Russia, France and US demand Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire|url=https://www.ft.com/content/3963793e-2530-41b9-a8b9-e3b3c7993f27|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004214204/https://www.ft.com/content/3963793e-2530-41b9-a8b9-e3b3c7993f27|archive-date=4 October 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|website=Financial Times|publisher=The Financial Times, Ltd.}}</ref> [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]],<ref name="Georgia">{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Georgia concerned with resumption of hostilities between Armenia, Azerbaijan|work=Agenda.ge|url=https://agenda.ge/en/news/2020/2991|url-status=dead|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929173856/https://agenda.ge/en/news/2020/2991|archive-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> [[Germany]],<ref name="aj_270920" /> [[Greece]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Simos|first1=Andriana|date=28 September 2020|title=Greece calls on Armenia-Azerbaijan to stop military operations immediately|agency=[[The Greek Herald]]|url=https://greekherald.com.au/news/world/greece-calls-on-armenia-azerbaijan-to-stop-military-operations-immediately/|url-status=live|access-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008203428/https://greekherald.com.au/news/world/greece-calls-on-armenia-azerbaijan-to-stop-military-operations-immediately/|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref> [[India]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-01|title=Armenia-Azerbaijan war rages on for fifth day, India voices concern and calls for restraint|url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/armenia-azerbaijan-war-rages-on-for-fifth-day-india-voices-concern-and-calls-for-restraint-2313878.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002064112/https://zeenews.india.com/india/armenia-azerbaijan-war-rages-on-for-fifth-day-india-voices-concern-and-calls-for-restraint-2313878.html|archive-date=2020-10-02|access-date=2020-10-02|website=Zee News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-02|title=Armenia-Azerbaijan flare-up: India asks all sides to cease hostilities|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/armenia-azerbaijan-flare-up-india-asks-all-sides-to-cease-hostilities-6664061/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004072221/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/armenia-azerbaijan-flare-up-india-asks-all-sides-to-cease-hostilities-6664061/|archive-date=2020-10-04|access-date=2020-10-02|website=The Indian Express}}</ref> [[Indonesia]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Arbar|first1=Thea Fathanah|date=3 October 2020|title=Perang Armenia vs Azerbaijan, Ini Sikap RI|language=id-ID|work=CNBC Indonesia|url=https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20201002105642-4-191144/perang-armenia-vs-azerbaijan-ini-sikap-ri|url-status=live|access-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007202733/https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20201002105642-4-191144/perang-armenia-vs-azerbaijan-ini-sikap-ri|archive-date=7 October 2020}}</ref> [[Iran]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hafezi|first1=Parisa|date=27 September 2020|title=Iran calls for immediate end to the conflict between Armenia, Azerbaijan – TV|agency=[[Reuters]]|editor1-last=Evans|editor1-first=Catherine|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-armenia-azerbaijan-iran-idUKKBN26I0K7|url-status=live|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002033844/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-armenia-azerbaijan-iran-idUKKBN26I0K7|archive-date=2 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="Rouhani FARS">{{cite web|title=Rouhani: Iran Ready to Help Resolve Dispute between Armenia, Azerbaijan|url=https://en.farsnews.ir/13990709000952|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010113834/https://en.farsnews.ir/13990709000952|archive-date=10 October 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|website=FARS News Agency|publisher=FARS News Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=|title=Iran cannot tolerate conflict on its borders: Spox|work=Iran Press|url=https://iranpress.com/content/28215|url-status=live|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010113832/https://iranpress.com/content/28215|archive-date=2020-10-10}}</ref> [[Kazakhstan]],<ref>{{cite web|date=27 September 2020|title=Statement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kazakhstan over the escalation of the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict|url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mfa/press/news/details/zayavlenie-mid-rk-v-svyazi-s-eskalaciey-armyano-azerbaydzhanskogo-konflikta?lang=en|access-date=1 October 2020|agency=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Kazakhstan)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kazakhstan]]}}</ref> [[Latvia]],<ref>{{cite news|date=30 September 2020|title=Latvian minister urges Armenia and Azerbaijan to cease hostilities|newspaper=Vestnik Kavkaza|url=https://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Latvian-minister-urges-Armenia-and-Azerbaijan-to-cease-hostilities.html|url-status=live|access-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002124636/https://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Latvian-minister-urges-Armenia-and-Azerbaijan-to-cease-hostilities.html|archive-date=2 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="LatvLith">{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Lithuanian, Latvian FMs concerned over Armenia's large-scale provocation against Azerbaijan|newspaper=[[Trend News Agency]]|url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3305967.html|url-status=live|access-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929141233/https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3305967.html|archive-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> [[Lithuania]],<ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=Linkevičius: Lithuania calls on Armenia and Azerbaijan to stop military action|newspaper=[[Delfi (web portal)|Delfi]]|url=https://en.delfi.lt/politics/linkevicius-lithuania-calls-on-armenia-and-azerbaijan-to-stop-military-action.d?id=85347055|url-status=live|access-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001030025/https://en.delfi.lt/politics/linkevicius-lithuania-calls-on-armenia-and-azerbaijan-to-stop-military-action.d?id=85347055|archive-date=1 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="LatvLith" /> [[Moldova]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Avanesov|first=Alexander|date=28 September 2020|title=Президент Молдовы призывает Армению и Азербайджан остановить огонь|language=ru|newspaper=Arminfo|url=https://arminfo.info/full_news.php?id=55465}}</ref> [[Poland]],<ref>{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Polish MFA expresses deep concern with reported military clashes around Nagorno-Karabakh|work=en.trend.az|agency=Trend News Agency|url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/karabakh/3306239.html|url-status=live|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008022043/https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/karabakh/3306239.html|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref> [[Romania]],<ref>{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Conflict militar între Armenia și Azerbaidjan în regiunea Nagorno-Karabah|language=ro|newspaper=Radio Europa Liberă România|url=https://romania.europalibera.org/a/conflict-militar-intre-armenia-si-azerbaidjan-in-regiunea-nogorno-karabah/30860686.html|url-status=dead|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003073442/https://romania.europalibera.org/a/conflict-militar-intre-armenia-si-azerbaidjan-in-regiunea-nogorno-karabah/30860686.html|archive-date=3 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Grigoryan|first=Anna|date=27 September 2020|title=Ռումինիան հայկական, ադրբեջանական կողմերին կոչ է անում վերսկսել քաղաքական երկխոսությունը|language=hy|newspaper=[[Armenpress]]|location=[[Yerevan]]|url=https://armenpress.am/arm/news/1029007.html|url-status=live|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008194208/https://armenpress.am/arm/news/1029007.html|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref> [[Russia]],<ref name="TASS OSCE" /><ref name="FT OSCE" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Темникова|first=Ксения|date=27 September 2020|title=Россия призвала Ереван и Баку прекратить огонь в Нагорном Карабахе|url=https://iz.ru/1066007/2020-09-27/rossiia-prizvala-erevan-i-baku-prekratit-ogon-v-nagornom-karabakhe|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001161541/https://iz.ru/1066007/2020-09-27/rossiia-prizvala-erevan-i-baku-prekratit-ogon-v-nagornom-karabakhe|archive-date=2020-10-01|access-date=2020-10-10|website=Известия}}</ref> [[Saudi Arabia]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bahrain News Agency|url=https://www.bna.bh/en/index.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902233604/https://www.bna.bh/en/index.aspx|archive-date=2019-09-02|access-date=2020-09-29|website=bna.bh}}</ref> the United Kingdom,<ref>{{Cite web|last=News|first=Mirage|date=2020-09-29|title=By Canada and United Kingdom on Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict {{!}} Mirage News|url=https://www.miragenews.com/by-canada-and-united-kingdom-on-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict/,%20https://www.miragenews.com/by-canada-and-united-kingdom-on-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict|access-date=2020-09-29|website=miragenews.com|language=en-AU}}</ref> the United States,<ref name="TASS OSCE" /><ref name="FT OSCE" /><ref>{{cite news|last1=Schroeder|first1=Pete|date=27 September 2020|title=U.S. urges immediate halt to violence between Azerbaijan and Armenia|agency=[[Reuters]]|editor1-last=Cooney|editor1-first=Peter|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-usa/u-s-urges-immediate-halt-to-violence-between-azerbaijan-and-armenia-idUSKBN26I0YO?il=0|url-status=live|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927235301/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-usa/u-s-urges-immediate-halt-to-violence-between-azerbaijan-and-armenia-idUSKBN26I0YO?il=0|archive-date=27 September 2020}}</ref> [[Uruguay]],<ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=Gobierno del Uruguay expresa preocupación por escalada de violencia en la región de Nagorno – Karabaj|language=Spanish|trans-title=Government of Uruguay expresses concern over escalation of violence in the Nagorno-Karabakh region|work=gub.uy|agency=[[Ministry of Foreign Relations (Uruguay)]]|url=https://www.gub.uy/ministerio-relaciones-exteriores/comunicacion/noticias/gobierno-del-uruguay-expresa-preocupacion-escalada-violencia-region-nagorno|url-status=live|access-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002043026/https://www.gub.uy/ministerio-relaciones-exteriores/comunicacion/noticias/gobierno-del-uruguay-expresa-preocupacion-escalada-violencia-region-nagorno|archive-date=2 October 2020}}</ref> and the [[Holy See]],<ref name="aj_270920" /> have called for a peaceful resolution to the conflict. [[Afghanistan]] called for an end to Armenian occupation in Nagorno-Karabakh while calling for a cease-fire, urging the parties involved to resolve the long-standing crisis peacefully.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=|title=Kabul calls for end to occupation in Nagorno-Karabakh|work=Anadolu Agency|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/kabul-calls-for-end-to-occupation-in-nagorno-karabakh/1989233|url-status=live|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009050347/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/kabul-calls-for-end-to-occupation-in-nagorno-karabakh/1989233|archive-date=2020-10-09}}</ref> [[Bosniaks|Bosniak]] [[List of members of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina|member]] of the [[Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] [[Šefik Džaferović]] and the leader of the [[Party of Democratic Action]], [[Bakir Izetbegović]], voiced support for Azerbaijan, condemning Armenia and comparing the situation with the 1992–1995 [[Bosnian War]].<ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=Džaferović i Izetbegović podupiru Azerbajdžan i osuđuju Armeniju, nadaju se trajnom rješenju|work=[[Jutarnji list]]|location=[[Zagreb]]|url=https://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/svijet/dzaferovic-i-izetbegovic-podupiru-azerbajdzan-i-osuduju-armeniju-nadaju-se-trajnom-rjesenju-15021822|url-status=live|access-date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929073846/https://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/svijet/dzaferovic-i-izetbegovic-podupiru-azerbajdzan-i-osuduju-armeniju-nadaju-se-trajnom-rjesenju-15021822|archive-date=29 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=28 September 2020|title=Afghanistan backs Azerbaijan in its clashes with Armenia|url=https://menafn.com/1100870261/Afghanistan-backs-Azerbaijan-in-its-clashes-with-Armenia|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008000732/https://menafn.com/1100870261/Afghanistan-backs-Azerbaijan-in-its-clashes-with-Armenia|archive-date=8 October 2020|access-date=10 October 2020}}</ref> [[Cyprus]] condemned Azerbaijan for breaching [[Bishkek Protocol|the ceasefire]] and for any escalating actions, calling for a return to peaceful negotiations.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Press Releases Article – PIO|url=https://www.pio.gov.cy/en/press-releases-article.html?id=15921|access-date=2020-10-18|website=pio.gov.cy|language=en}}</ref>
The unrecognized or partially recognized countries of [[Transnistria]], [[Abkhazia]] and [[South Ossetia]] recognize the independence of the Republic of Artsakh and have expressed support for it.<ref name="AbkTransOss">{{cite news|last=Shariy|first=Vitaly|date=29 September 2020|title=Карабахская "разморозка": реакция из Абхазии|language=ru|newspaper=Echo of the Caucasus|url=https://www.ekhokavkaza.com/a/30864802.html|url-status=live|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003063322/https://www.ekhokavkaza.com/a/30864802.html|archive-date=3 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=Глава МИД Приднестровья поддержал коллегу из Нагорного Карабаха|language=ru|newspaper=EADaily|url=https://eadaily.com/ru/news/2020/09/28/glava-mid-pridnestrovya-podderzhal-kollegu-iz-nagornogo-karabaha|url-status=live|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930232254/https://eadaily.com/ru/news/2020/09/28/glava-mid-pridnestrovya-podderzhal-kollegu-iz-nagornogo-karabaha|archive-date=30 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=The Pridnestrovian MFA's statement on the armed conflict escalation between Azerbaijan and the Republic of Artsakh|publisher=[[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Transnistria)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]|url=http://mfa-pmr.org/en/node/8166|url-status=live|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008062934/http://mfa-pmr.org/en/node/8166|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2 October 2020|title=Парламент Абхазии обеспокоен резким обострением конфликта в Нагорном Карабахе|language=ru|newspaper=NEWS.am|url=https://news.am/rus/news/605604.html|url-status=live|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008002233/https://news.am/rus/news/605604.html|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Южная Осетия призвала мировое сообщество остановить военный конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе|language=ru|newspaper=[[Kommersant]]|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4509726|url-status=live|access-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930002526/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4509726|archive-date=30 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=29 September 2020|title=Парламент Южной Осетии осудил "реваншистские действия" Баку против Арцаха|language=ru|newspaper=EADaily|url=https://eadaily.com/ru/news/2020/09/29/parlament-yuzhnoy-osetii-osudil-revanshistskie-deystviya-baku-protiv-arcaha|url-status=live|access-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008212004/https://eadaily.com/ru/news/2020/09/29/parlament-yuzhnoy-osetii-osudil-revanshistskie-deystviya-baku-protiv-arcaha|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref>
The Russian-Armenian film director [[Sarik Andreasyan]] accused Ukraine by addressing the [[President of Ukraine]] [[Volodymyr Zelensky]] in suppling [[Azerbaijan]] with [[phosphorus bomb]]s. Zelensky answered his post in [[Instagram]] by denying any involvement in the conflict.<ref>Daryna Antoniuk. ''[https://www.kyivpost.com/ukraine-politics/russian-media-accuses-ukraine-of-selling-banned-weapon-to-azerbaijan-zelensky-denies.html Zelensky dismisses fake news about Ukraine selling chemical weapons to Azerbaijan]''. [[Kyiv Post]]. 3 November 2020</ref><ref>[https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/700838.html Ukraine does not support war, unlike another well-known country – Zelensky responses to Andreasyan's accusations]. [[Interfax-Ukraine]]. 3 November 2020</ref>
===Humanitarian organizations===
Human rights groups have objected to the use of heavy explosive weapons with wide-area effects in densely populated civilian areas and urged both sides to end the conflict and join the Convention on Cluster Munitions.<ref name="amnestyintl">{{cite web |title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: Use of artillery salvos and ballistic missiles in populated areas must stop immediately |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/10/armenia-azerbaijan-use-of-artillery-salvos-and-ballistic-missiles-in-populated-areas-must-stop-immediately/ |website=amnesty.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: Don’t Attack Civilians |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/09/30/armenia/azerbaijan-dont-attack-civilians |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en |date=30 September 2020}}</ref> Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have criticized Azerbaijan<ref name=amnestyintl/><ref>{{cite web |title=Azerbaijan: Cluster Munitions Used in Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/10/23/azerbaijan-cluster-munitions-used-nagorno-karabakh |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en |date=23 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: Civilians must be protected from use of banned cluster bombs |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/10/armenia-azerbaijan-civilians-must-be-protected-from-use-of-banned-cluster-bombs/ |website=amnesty.org |language=en}}</ref> and Armenia<ref>{{cite web |title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: First confirmed use of cluster munitions by Armenia ‘cruel and reckless’ |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/10/armenia-azerbaijan-first-confirmed-use-of-cluster-munitions-by-armenia-cruel-and-reckless/ |website=amnesty.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name=nkrforces /> for the use of cluster munitions.
=== Minorities abroad ===
==== Armenians ====
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| image1 = Pro-Armenian Protest in the USA.jpg
| width1 = 160
| image2 = Protesta pro-Armènia a Barcelona.jpg
| width2 = 210
| footer = [[Armenian diaspora]] held numerous protests globally in support of Armenia and Artsakh (pictured in [[Los Angeles]] (''left'') and [[Barcelona]] (''right'')).
}}
Ethnic Armenian populations around the world have lobbied for peace negotiations.<ref name=":16" /> On 1 October, the South Ossetian Armenian community condemned Azerbaijan and Turkey, urging recognition of Artsakh's independence.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://cominf.org/en/node/1166532516|title=The Armenian community in South Ossetia calls on the world community to condemn the actions of Azerbaijan against the Republic of Artsakh|publisher=State Information and Press Committee of South Ossetia|date=1 October 2020|access-date=4 October 2020|archive-date=7 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007230233/http://cominf.org/en/node/1166532516|url-status=live}}</ref> The next day, [[Armenians in Samtskhe–Javakheti]], in Georgia, expressed concern and their intention to send aid.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://jam-news.net/georgia-javakheti-saakashvili-armenia-azerbaijan-karabakh-war/|title=How the escalation in Karabakh has affected Armenians living in Georgia|last=Ayvazyan|first=Aghunik|newspaper=JAMnews|date=2 October 2020|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008205259/https://jam-news.net/georgia-javakheti-saakashvili-armenia-azerbaijan-karabakh-war/|url-status=live}}</ref> Subsequently, Georgia closed its [[Armenia–Georgia border|border with Armenia]], indicating frustration within Georgia's Armenian minority.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lomsadze|first1=Giorgi|date=6 October 2020|title=Armenia and Azerbaijan to Georgian mediation: Thanks, but no thanks|work=Eurasianet|url=https://eurasianet.org/armenia-and-azerbaijan-to-georgian-mediation-thanks-but-no-thanks|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=7 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007004340/https://eurasianet.org/armenia-and-azerbaijan-to-georgian-mediation-thanks-but-no-thanks|url-status=live}}</ref> Croatia's Armenian diaspora's leader asked for support against what she described as a genocide against the Armenians.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 October 2020 |title=Armenci u Hrvatskoj: 'Ne tražimo pomoć, nego samo podršku da se ne dogodi genocid' |url=https://www.sibenik.in/svijet/armenci-u-hrvatskoj-ne-trazimo-pomoc-nego-samo-podrsku-da-se-ne-dogodi-genocid/128100.html# |work=Šibenik.hr |location=Šibenik |access-date= |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008201433/https://www.sibenik.in/svijet/armenci-u-hrvatskoj-ne-trazimo-pomoc-nego-samo-podrsku-da-se-ne-dogodi-genocid/128100.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On 5 October, [[Armenian Americans]] protested outside the [[Los Angeles]] (LA) [[CNN]] building, calling for more accurate coverage.<ref>{{cite news|date=5 October 2020|title=Armenian protesters in L.A. decry 'false equivalence' in media coverage of conflict|work=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-10-05/armenian-protesters-in-l-a-decry-violence-in-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=2020-10-10|archive-date=2020-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009055040/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-10-05/armenian-protesters-in-l-a-decry-violence-in-nagorno-karabakh|url-status=live}}</ref> On 11 October, the LA community held a 100,000-person strong protest march to the Turkish Consulate, in tandem with smaller protests in [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]], [[San Francisco]], [[New York City]], [[Boston]] and elsewhere in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-12|title=Tens of thousands protest outside L.A.'s Turkish Consulate in solidarity with Armenia|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-10-11/armenian-protest-turkish-consulate|access-date=2020-10-13|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Sennott|first1=Adam|last2=Lotan|first2=Gal Tziperman|date=11 October 2020|title='America has to do something': Local Armenian Americans protest Azerbaijan conflict |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/10/11/metro/local-armenian-americans-protest-turkish-conflict/|access-date=2020-10-13|work=The Boston Globe|language=en-US}}</ref> LA's mayor expressed support for Armenia and the city's Armenian community by lighting up [[Los Angeles City Hall|City Hall]] with the [[Armenian flag]]'s colours.<ref>{{cite web| title =We stand with the people of Armenia – Los Angeles Mayor| work =[[Public Radio of Armenia]]| date =October 5, 2020 | url =https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/05/we-stand-with-the-people-of-armenia-los-angeles-mayor/| access-date =October 15, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title =LA city hall building is illuminated with colors of Armenian flag| work =News.am| date = October 15, 2020| url =https://news.am/eng/news/607963.html| access-date =October 15, 2020}}</ref> A protest was held in [[Orange County, California|Orange Country]] during President Trump's pre-election rally calling on him to sanction Turkey and Azerbaijan; Trump praised them by saying, "the people from Armenia have great spirit for their country".<ref>{{cite web|title=Rally held in OC, Armenian community calling on President Trump to sanction Turkey, Azerbaijan|url=https://www.foxla.com/news/rally-held-in-oc-armenian-community-calling-on-president-trump-to-sanction-turkey-azerbaijan|work=[[KTTV]]|date=19 October 2020|access-date=19 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Trump: Armenians have a great spirit for their country|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1032038|work=Armenpress|date=19 October 2020|access-date=19 October 2020}}</ref> Protests have occurred all over Europe demanding recognition of Artsakh's independence, with the largest rallies held in [[Paris]], France and in front the [[Justus Lipsius building|Council of the European Union]] in [[Brussels]], Belgium.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Այլևս երբեք-ի ի՞նչն է անհասկանալի. Սփյուռքը պահանջում է զսպել թուրք-ադրբեջանական ագրեսիան, պատերազմը լուսաբանել օբյեկտիվ|url=http://armtimes.com/hy/article/198456|access-date=2020-10-13|website=Armtimes.com|language=hy |trans-title=Diaspora demands to curb Turkish-Azerbaijani aggression, to cover war objectively}}</ref> A major rally was held in [[Aleppo]], Syria by Armenians and Syrians condemning Azerbaijan and Turkey.<ref>{{cite web|title=Thousands of Armenians and Arabs protest in Syria, condemn Azerbaijani-Turkish aggression|url=https://news.am/eng/news/609908.html|work=News.am|date=26 October 2020|access-date=27 October 2020}}</ref> Armenian communities have also protested globally, notably in Argentina,<ref name=":19">{{cite web|title=Armenians in Argentina decry Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/2000291/armenians-in-argentina-decry-nagorno-karabakh-conflict|work=Bangkog Post|date=11 October 2020|access-date=18 October 2020}}</ref> Australia,<ref>{{cite web|date=18 October 2020|title=Սիդնեյում հայ համայնքի ներկայացուցիչները փակել են կամուրջը՝ ի նշան Ադրբեջանի ագրեսիայի դեմ բողոքի|url=https://news.am/arm/news/608526.html|access-date=18 October 2020|work=Nees.am}}</ref> Canada,<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian Montrealers protest in front of Montreal City Hall|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/7400443/armenian-montrealers-protest-montreal-city-hall/|work=Global News|date=15 October 2020|access-date=18 October 2020}}</ref> and Uruguay.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ուրուգվայի հայ համայնքի հարյուրավոր ներկայացուցիչներ բողոքի ակցիայի են դուրս եկել|url=https://www.shantnews.am/news/view/778494.html|work=Shant News|date=8 October 2020|access-date=18 October 2020}}</ref>
In October 2020, an organized email campaign by the Armenians resulted in hundreds of emails being sent to [[SpaceX]] and the media requesting that SpaceX cancel their upcoming satellite launch for Turkey. SpaceX did not respond.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Coldeway |first1=Devin |title=Armenian email campaign asks SpaceX not to aid Turkish regime with satellite launch |url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/10/27/armenian-email-campaign-asks-spacex-not-to-aid-turkish-regime-with-satellite-launch/ |website=techcrunch.com |access-date=October 29, 2020 |date=October 27, 2020}}</ref> On October 29, 2020, several hundred Armenians gathered outside SpaceX headquarters in Los Angeles to protest the launch of the Turkish satellite and to persuade SpaceX from doing so. Protesters believe the satellite could be used for military purposes. SpaceX has still not responded and representatives refused to speak to the news.<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=October 30, 2020|title=Armenian community protests at SpaceX HQ in Hawthorne over Turkish satellite launch|url=https://abc7.com/armenian-protest-turkey-spacex-turksat/7468290/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=October 30, 2020|website=|publisher=ABC 7}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Habeshian|first1=Sareen|date=29 October 2020|title=Armenian Americans protest outside SpaceX headquarters in Hawthorne, call on Elon Musk to nix satellite launch for Turkish government|url=https://ktla.com/news/armenian-americans-protest-outside-spacex-headquarters-in-hawthorne-call-on-elon-musk-to-nix-satellite-launch-for-turkish-government/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=30 October 2020|website=|publisher=KTLA}}</ref>
On 4 November, around 8:30 p.m. local time, allegedly a group of six to eight Armenian men between 20 and 30 years old walked into a Turkish restaurant on [[Beverly Drive|South Beverly Drive]], saying that they came to "kill the Turks",<ref name="istanbulcafeattack" /> began destroying property inside the establishment and physically attacking the employees both inside and in an alley outside.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Christina |last=Gonzalez |url=https://www.foxla.com/news/beverly-hills-police-investigating-hate-crime-against-turkish-restaurant |title=Beverly Hills police investigating hate crime against Turkish restaurant |date=6 November 2020 |access-date=6 November 2020 |language=en |work=[[KTTV|Fox 11 Los Angeles]] }}</ref> The victims sustained minor injuries and refused medical treatment at the scene.<ref name="istanbulcafeattack">{{Cite web |url=https://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2020/11/05/beverly-hills-hate-crime-restaurant-pro-armenia/ |title=Police Investigating Hate Crime At Beverly Hills Restaurant That Left Employees With Minor Injuries |date=5 November 2020 |access-date=6 November 2020 |language=en |work=[[KCBS-TV|CBS Los Angeles]] }}</ref> [[Beverly Hills Police Department]] began investigating the incident as a [[hate crime]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.foxla.com/video/868057 |title=Hate crime being investigated at Beverly Hills Turkish restaurant |date=6 November 2020 |access-date=6 November 2020 |language=en |work=[[KTTV|Fox 11 Los Angeles]] }}</ref> Beverly Hills Mayor called it an "unacceptable act of hate and violence", adding that there was "no place for this behavior.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Michael |last=Wittner |url=https://patch.com/california/beverlyhills/beverly-hills-cops-investigate-armenia-related-hate-crime |title=Beverly Hills Investigating Attack At Turkish Restaurant |date=5 November 2020 |access-date=6 November 2020 |language=en |work=[[Patch (website)|Patch]] }}</ref> [[Embassy of Turkey, Washington, D.C.|Turkey's ambassador to US]], strongly condemned the attack, calling [[Mayor of Los Angeles|Los Angeles Mayor]] to do the same, and urging federal and local authorities to protect [[Turkish Americans]] there.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.yenisafak.com/en/news/turkish-envoy-slams-us-senator-over-remarks-3552487 |title=Turkish envoy slams US senator over remarks |date=6 November 2020 |access-date=6 November 2020 |language=en |work=[[Yeni Şafak]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first1=Servet |last1=Gunerigok |first2=Ovunc |last2=Kutlu |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/turkeys-us-envoy-condemns-attack-on-turkish-restaurant/2033941 |title=Turkey's US envoy condemns attack on Turkish restaurant |date=6 November 2020 |access-date=6 November 2020 |language=en |agency=[[Anadolu Agency]] }}</ref>
On September 27, a nationwide fundraising campaign was launched by [[Armenia Fund]] under the motto "We and Our Borders: All for Artsakh"; getting more than $150 million donations in a month.<ref>{{cite web|title=‘’Hayastan’’ All-Armenian Fund initiates fund-raising for Artsakh|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029057/|work=Armenpress|date=27 September 2020|access-date=27 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Donations to Hayastan All-Armenian Fund exceed $150 million|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/26/donations-to-hayastan-all-armenian-fund-exceed-150-million/|work=Public Radio of Armenia|date=26 October 2020|access-date=27 October 2020}}</ref> On October 28, an online musical event featuring Armenian and foreign artists was held to raise awareness and funds for Artsakh.<ref>{{cite web|title=Iconic musicians unite for Concert for Artsakh|url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/10/22/2112977/0/en/Iconic-musicians-unite-for-Concert-for-Artsakh|work=[[GlobeNewswire]]|date=22 October 2020|access-date=27 October 2020}}</ref>
==== Azerbaijanis and Turks ====
{{Undue weight section|date=November 2020}}
[[File:Azerbaijanis and Turks organize a demonstration of support for Azerbaijan in Nagorno-Karabakh conflicts, Beyazıt Square, Istanbul.jpg|thumb|right|[[Turkish people|Turks]] and [[Azerbaijanis in Turkey|Azerbaijanis]] demonstrating in support of Azerbaijan in [[Turkey]].]]
On 1 October, [[Ali Khamenei]]'s representatives in [[Iranian Azerbaijan|four provinces]] ([[Ardabil Province|Ardabil]], [[East Azerbaijan Province|East Azerbaijan]], [[West Azerbaijan Province|West Azerbaijan]] and [[Zanjan Province|Zanjan]]) stated that Nagorno-Karabakh belonged to Azerbaijan, that there was a need to return the territory, and that Azerbaijan's government had acted in accordance with the law.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran-54342771|title=نمایندگان آیتالله خامنهای در چهار استان: قرهباغ متعلق به جمهوری آذربایجان است|date=1 October 2020|publisher=[[BBC News]]|language=fa|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004074442/https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran-54342771|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="spokesman">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran-54433131|title=دولت ایران: ارمنستان باید 'مناطق اشغالی' جمهوری آذربایجان را تخلیه کند|date=6 October 2020|publisher=[[BBC News]]|language=fa|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010113903/https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran-54433131|url-status=live}}</ref> The next day, several protests erupted in Iranian cities, including the capital [[Tehran]] and [[Tabriz]], in support of Azerbaijan. [[Iranian Azerbaijani]] demonstrators chanted pro-Azerbaijan slogans.<ref>{{cite news |title=Iran fears spillover from Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.dw.com/en/iran-fears-spillover-from-nagorno-karabakh/a-55250556 |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=12 October 2020}}</ref> The local security forces intervened, detaining at least 38 people.<ref>{{cite web|date=2 October 2020|title=Protests Erupt In Iran Backing Azerbaijan In Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/protests-erupt-in-iran-backing-azerbaijan-in-nagorno-karabakh-conflict/30870217.html|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009193448/https://www.rferl.org/a/protests-erupt-in-iran-backing-azerbaijan-in-nagorno-karabakh-conflict/30870217.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The same day, around 50 Azerbaijani representatives from the 5,000-strong community in Moldova expressed their support for Azerbaijan in the capital [[Chișinău]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://azertag.az/es/xeber/1601971|title=Los azerbaiyanos de Moldova expresaron su apoyo al ejército azerbaiyano|newspaper=Azerbaijan State News Agency|date=2 October 2020|access-date=4 October 2020|language=es|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008080314/https://azertag.az/es/xeber/1601971|url-status=live}}</ref> On 3 October, [[Azerbaijanis in Georgia]] indicated a readiness to fight for Azerbaijan and the desire that Azerbaijan retake Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref>{{cite news|last=Amirjanova|first=Shalala|date=2 October 2020|title=Azerbaijanis in Georgia ready to fight for Azerbaijan – report from Marneuli|newspaper=JAMnews|url=https://jam-news.net/georgia-azerbaijanis-conflict-in-karabakh/|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008152558/https://jam-news.net/georgia-azerbaijanis-conflict-in-karabakh/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 16 October, [[Azerbaijanis in the United Kingdom|Azerbaijanis]], Iranian Azerbaijanis, and [[Turks in the United Kingdom|Turks]] living in the United Kingdom gathered in front of [[Amnesty International]]'s [[London]] headquarters and held a protest rally, condemning the shelling of residential areas and civilians in Ganja, Mingachevir, Tartar, and other regions.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Azerbaijanis-living-in-Britain-hold-protest-rally-in-front-of-Amnesty-International-building-colorredPHOTOcolor-333101 |title=Azerbaijanis living in Britain hold protest rally in front of Amnesty International building – PHOTO |date=11 October 2020 |access-date=18 October 2020 |website=APA.az |language=en }}</ref> The next day, [[Azerbaijani Americans]] held a rally in [[Chicago]], condemning the [[2020 Ganja ballistic missile attacks|attacks on Ganja]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/social-news/Rally-condemning-Ganja-terror-held-in-Illinois-state-of-US-333186 |title=Rally condemning Ganja terror held in Illinois state of US |date=17 October 2020 |access-date=18 October 2020 |website=APA.az |language=en }}</ref> The following day, [[Azerbaijanis in the United Kingdom|British Azerbaijanis]] commemorated those killed during the attacks in front of the [[Embassy of Azerbaijan, London|Azerbaijani embassy in London]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/europe/People-who-were-killed-in-Ganja-commemorated-in-front-of-Azerbaijani-Embassy-in-Great-Britain-333252 |title=People, who were killed in Ganja, commemorated in front of Azerbaijani Embassy in Great Britain |date=18 October 2020 |access-date=18 October 2020 |website=APA.az |language=en }}</ref> while [[Azerbaijanis in Georgia|Georgian Azerbaijanis]] held a rally in front the [[Georgian Parliament Building (Tbilisi)|Parliament Building]] in [[Tbilisi]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/foreign-news/Campaign-in-support-to-Azerbaijan-held-in-front-of-parliament-building-in-Tbilisi-colorredPHOTOSESSIONcolor-333268 |title=Campaign in support to Azerbaijan held in front of parliament building in Tbilisi – PHOTOSESSION |date=18 October 2020 |access-date=18 October 2020 |website=APA.az |language=en }}</ref> On the same day, [[Azerbaijanis in Russia|Russian Azerbaijanis]] dedicated part of the entrance door of [[Embassy of Azerbaijan in Moscow|Azerbaijan's embassy to Russia]] in [[Moscow]] to the memory of the victims of the 17 October attack.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/foreign-news/Victims-of-act-of-terrorism-committed-by-Armenia-in-Azerbaijans-Ganja-city-were-commemorated-in-Moscow-333276 |title=Victims of act of terrorism committed by Armenia in Azerbaijan’s Ganja city were commemorated in Moscow |date=18 October 2020 |access-date=18 October 2020 |website=APA.az |language=en }}</ref> Protests erupted in Tabriz, with many Iranian Azerbaijanis chanting pro-Azerbaijani slogans and protesting Iran's alleged arms support to Armenia via the [[Nurduz|Nordooz]] border crossing.<ref>{{cite news |title=Iran on edge as Azeri minority backs Karabakh war |url=https://asiatimes.com/2020/10/iran-on-edge-as-azeri-minority-backs-karabakh-war/ |work=[[Asia Times]] |date=8 October 2020}}</ref> Iranian security forces intervened, detaining over 200 people.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/tebrizde-qarabaga-destek-mitinqi/5626266.html |title=Təbrizdə keçirilən aksiyada İran-Ermənistan sərhəd məntəqəsinin qapadılması tələb edilib |publisher=[[Voice of America]] |date=18 October 2020 |access-date=19 October 2020 |language=az }}</ref> On 23 October, American Azerbaijanis gathered in a pro-Trump rally and voiced their support for Azerbaijan,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/karabakh/3322267.html |title=The slogan "Karabakh is Azerbaijan" was raised at the rally of the US President |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] |date=23 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref> while in [[San Francisco]] and [[Minnesota]], Azerbaijanis rallied and condemned Armenia for "the ballistic missile attacks" on cities.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/society/3323334.html |title=US Azerbaijanis hold protest in San Francisco against Armenian terror (PHOTOS) |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] |date=25 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3324164.html |title=Azerbaijani compatriots living in Minnesota hold protest rally (PHOTO) |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] |date=26 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3324163.html |title=Azerbaijanis hold rally in California, condemning Armenian terror (PHOTO) |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] |date=26 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref> On 26 October, Azerbaijanis organized rallies in [[Bielefeld]], [[Germany]], and [[Copenhagen]], [[Denmark]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3324148.html |title=Protest rally against Armenian attack on Ganja held in Bielefeld, Germany (PHOTO) |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] |date=26 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3324157.html |title=Azerbaijanis in Denmark hold protest rally against Armenian terror (PHOTO) |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] |date=26 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref>
Amid tensions among protesters over Nagorno-Karabakh, dozens of Turks and Azerbaijanis marched through the streets of [[Lyon]], France in the evening of 28 October 2020 and chanted pro-Erdogan slogans while threatening Armenians.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=2020-10-29|title=Video shows Turkish and Azeri nationals ‘looking for Armenians’ in France|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/turks-azeris-lyon-france-armenians-vienne-video-b1422175.html|access-date=2020-11-02|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-10-28|title="Where are the Armenians?!" : punitive expedition of dozens of Turks in the streets of Décines|url=https://www.lyonmag.com/article/111100/8220-vous-etes-ou-les-armeniens-8221-expedition-punitive-de-dizaines-de-turcs-dans-les-rues-de-decines|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-11-02|website=Lyonmag.com|language=fr-FR}}</ref> It followed clashes between members of France's Turkish and Armenian communities on a motorway connecting Lyon and Marseille on Wednesday morning. A demonstration of support for Armenia led to the blocking of the A7 motorway. Four were wounded after violence broke out, including a 23-year-old Armenian who was hospitalized after receiving a hammer blow.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=After clashes between Armenians and Turks on the A7, clashes spread to Vienna and the suburbs of Lyon {{!}} En24 World|url=https://www.en24news.com/2020/10/after-clashes-between-armenians-and-turks-on-the-a7-clashes-spread-to-vienna-and-the-suburbs-of-lyon.html|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-11-02|website=|language=en-US}}</ref> A few days later, the [[Lyon Armenian Genocide Memorial]] was vandalized with pro-Turkey graffiti and insults by the [[Grey Wolves (organization)|Grey Wolves]], a Turkish ultranationalistic group.<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=1 November 2020|title=Lyon: le mémorial du génocide arménien profané par des tags pro-Turquie|url=https://www.nouvelobs.com/societe/20201101.OBS35493/lyon-le-memorial-du-genocide-armenien-profane-par-des-tags-pro-turquie.html|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2 November 2020|work=[[L'Obs]]}}</ref> Following the memorial's vandalisation, France banned the Grey Wolves and enhanced security near Armenian schools and churches in Lyon.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/france-bans-turkish-ultra-nationalist-grey-wolves-group/a-55503469|title=France bans Turkish ultra-nationalist Grey Wolves group|work=[[Deutsche Welle]]|date=4 November 2020|accessdate=5 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lyoncapitale.fr/actualite/rhone-presence-militaire-renforcee-pres-des-etablissements-scolaires-et-lieux-de-culte-armeniens/|title=Rhône : sécurité renforcée près des établissements scolaires et lieux de culte arméniens|work=Lyon Capitale|date=5 November 2020|accessdate=5 November 2020}}</ref>
=== Sports ===
Due to the conflict, [[UEFA]] announced that the [[2020–21 UEFA Nations League C]] home matches of Armenia and Azerbaijan would no longer be hosted in the countries; instead [[Armenia national football team|Armenia]] will play their designated "home" game in [[Tychy]], Poland; while [[Azerbaijan national football team|Azerbaijan]] will play in [[Elbasan]], Albania.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/sports/international-soccer-games-moved-from-armenia-azerbaijan-1.5134331 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-10-10 |archive-date=2020-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010113903/https://www.ctvnews.ca/sports/international-soccer-games-moved-from-armenia-azerbaijan-1.5134331 |url-status=live }}</ref>
On 31 October 2020, the [[Football Federation of Armenia|Armenian Football Federation]] called on [[FIFA]] and UEFA for sanctions against Azerbaijani club [[Qarabağ FK]], after its PR and media manager made a [[Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan|hate speech]] on social network calling to "kill all the Armenians, old and young, without distinction".<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian Football Federation Complains About Qarabag 'Hate' Post|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/armenian-football-federation-complains-about-qarabag-hate-post-01604170205|work=[[Barron's (newspaper)|Barron's]]|date=31 October 2020|access-date=1 November 2020}}</ref> The next day, he was punished in an administrative manner for the calls he made expressing cruelty against another nation and inciting national, racial or religious hatred while behaving emotionally on social network.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/accidents-incidents-news/Person-making-harmful-calls-on-social-networks-was-punished-in-administrative-manner-334490 |title=Person making harmful calls on social networks was punished in administrative manner |agency=[[Azeri Press Agency]] |date=1 November 2020 |access-date=1 November 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.is/6oQFW |archive-date=1 November 2020 }}</ref> UEFA announced that it has banned the Qarabağ official for the "racist and other discriminatory conduct” targeting Armenians.<ref>{{cite web|title=UEFA To Investigate Qarabag 'Hate' Post Targeting Armenians|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/uefa-to-investigate-qarabag-hate-post-targeting-armenians-01604337304|work=Barron's|date=2 November 2020|access-date=3 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1758476/sport|title=UEFA ban Qarabag official for Armenia comments|work=Arab News|date=4 November 2020|accessdate=5 November 2020}}</ref>
=== Celebrities ===
Celebrities have commented on the conflict, with some amending their initial positions, including [[Cardi B]] and [[Elton John]] who subsequently claimed that they were not taking any sides.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ghazanchyan|first1=Siranush|date=October 5, 2020|title=Elton John calls attention to Azerbaijani-Turkish aggression against Artsakh|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/05/elton-john-calls-attention-to-azerbaijani-turkish-aggression-against-artsakh/|access-date=October 15, 2020|website=Public Radio of Armenia|publisher=Public Radio of Armenia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=ZORNOSA|first1=LAURA|date=October 7, 2020|title=Cardi B apologizes for misstep and asks for peace in Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/music/story/2020-10-07/cardi-b-armenia-fundraiser-twitter-apology|access-date=October 15, 2020|website=Los Angeles Times|publisher=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Those in favor of Armenia include [[Mel Gibson]], [[Ronda Rousey]], [[Henrikh Mkhitaryan]], [[Peter Gabriel]], [[Sean Penn]], [[Michael B. Jordan]], [[Kylie Jenner]], [[Tinashe]] and [[Cher]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mel Gibson expresses solidarity with Armenians amid Azerbaijan’s aggression against Nagorno-Karabakh (Artsakh) |url=https://gagrule.net/mel-gibson-expresses-solidarity-with-armenians-amid-azerbaijans-aggression-against-nagorno-karabakh-artsak |website=gagrule.net |access-date=October 29, 2020 |date=October 27, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=‘Armenians are being slaughtered by Trump pal Erdogan’ – US actor Sean Penn |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1032634.html |publisher=Armen Press |access-date=October 27, 2020 |date=October 24, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Peter Gabriel's Comments on Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict |url=https://en.168.am/2020/10/07/39778.html |website=168.am |publisher=168.am |access-date=October 15, 2020 |date=October 7, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Zonrnosa |first1=Laura |title=Why these Armenian American celebs are speaking out about a chronic conflict |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/story/2020-10-08/kardashians-armenian-american-celebs-talk-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict-online |website=Los Angeles Times |publisher=Los Angeles Times |access-date=October 15, 2020 |date=October 8, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Former UFC champ Ronda Rousey shows solidarity with Armenia over conflict with Azerbaijan|url=https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2020/10/6/21504324/former-ufc-champ-ronda-rousey-solidarity-armenia-conflict-azerbaijan-news|access-date=October 14, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Ghazanchyan|first1=Siranush|date=October 3, 2020|title=Henrikh Mkhitaryan: Stop aggression against Armenians and global peace|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/03/henrikh-mkhitaryan-stop-aggression-against-armenians-and-global-peace/|access-date=October 15, 2020|publisher=Public Radio of Armenia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Hollywood star Michael B Jordan expresses support to Armenia|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1030977/|access-date=October 14, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Tinashe Twitter|url=https://mobile.twitter.com/Tinashe/status/1313991236550787077|access-date=October 16, 2020}}</ref> [[Kim Kardashian]] and other Kardashians have posted video messages in support of Armenia; donating $1 million to the [[Armenia Fund]].<ref name="kimk">{{cite web|last1=Shafer|first1=Ellise|date=October 11, 2020|title=Kim Kardashian West Donates $1 Million to Armenia Fund Amid Ongoing Conflict With Azerbaijan|url=https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/kim-kardashian-west-armenia-donation-azerbaijan-1234800606/|access-date=October 14, 2020|website=Variety|publisher=Variety}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kim Kardashian West donates $1 million to Armenia Fund |url=https://www.msn.com/en-gb/entertainment/celebrity/kim-kardashian-west-donates-dollar1-million-to-armenia-fund/ar-BB19WD9j |website=MSN |publisher=MSN |access-date=October 14, 2020 |date=October 12, 2020}}</ref> Rapper [[Kanye West]] posted a tweet stated he would pray for Armenia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kanye West: Praying for Armenia|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/09/29/kanye-west-praying-for-armenia/|access-date=October 14, 2020}}</ref> Armenian-American rock band [[System of a Down]] released their first material in 15 years since 2005 album ''[[Hypnotize (album)|Hypnotize]]'', "[[Protect the Land]]" and "[[Genocidal Humanoidz]]" in response to the crisis. They used the singles as a fundraiser for the [[Armenia Fund]], with the intention to raise awareness of the war.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/system-of-a-down-new-songs-protect-the-land-genocidal-humanoidz-1085942/|title=Hear System of a Down’s First New Music in 15 Years, ‘Protect the Land’ and ‘Genocidal Humanoidz’|publisher=[[Rolling Stone]]|last=Grow|first=Kory|date=6 November 2020|accessdate=6 November 2020}}</ref>
[[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] footballer [[Mesut Özil]] and singer [[Sami Yusuf]] tweeted,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20201014-arsenals-ozil-favors-azerbaijan-in-karabakh-dispute/|title=Arsenal's Ozil favours Azerbaijan in Karabakh dispute|access-date=October 14, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sami Yusuf expresses support to Azerbaijan|url=https://azertag.az/en/xeber/Sami_Yusuf_expresses_support_to_Azerbaijan-1599263|access-date=October 14, 2020}}</ref> while former [[Barcelona FC|Barcelona]] player [[Ronaldinho]] released a video message in support of Azerbaijan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/karabakh/3326115.html |title=Ronaldinho films video message in support of Azerbaijan |date=29 October 2020 |access-date=29 October 2020 |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] |language=en }}</ref> Several Turkish celebrities, including [[Sinan Akçıl]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sabah.com.tr/magazin/2020/10/22/sinan-akcil-azeri-sarkici-saide-guliyeva-ile-duet-yapti|title=Sinan Akçıl, Azeri şarkıcı Saide Guliyeva ile düet yaptı|access-date=2020-10-28}}</ref> [[Hadise]], [[Bergüzar Korel]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.habererk.com/magazin/hadise-ve-berguzar-korel-den-azerbaycan-a-destek-h135771.html|title=Hadise ve Bergüzar Korel'den Azerbaycan'a destek|access-date=2020-10-28}}</ref> [[Acun Ilıcalı]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gunboyugazetesi.com.tr/unlu-televizyoncu-acun-ilicalidan-azerbaycan-mesaji-65432h.htm|title=Ünlü televizyoncu Acun Ilıcalı'dan Azerbaycan mesajı|access-date=2020-10-28}}</ref> [[Kenan İmirzalıoğlu]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.takvim.com.tr/galeri/yasam/kim-milyoner-olmak-isterde-kenan-imirzalioglundan-gardas-azerbaycana-selam-kardeslerimize-selam-ve-sevgilerimizle|title=Kim Milyoner Olmak İster'de Kenan İmirzalıoğlu'ndan gardaş Azerbaycan'a selam: "Kardeşlerimize selam ve sevgilerimizle"|access-date=2020-10-28}}</ref> [[Tarkan (singer)|Tarkan]], [[Cem Yılmaz]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ahaber.com.tr/magazin/2020/10/19/tarkan-ve-cem-yilmazdan-ermenistanin-katliamlarina-23-gun-sonra-tepki|title=Tarkan ve Cem Yılmaz’dan Ermenistan’ın katliamlarına 23 gün sonra tepki!.|access-date=2020-11-01}}</ref> also shared their condolences and support to Azerbaijan.
== See also ==
* [[2014 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes]]
* [[List of ongoing armed conflicts]]
* [[List of territorial disputes]]
{{Portal bar|Azerbaijan|War}}
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* [https://www.euronews.com/2020/10/07/watch-live-azerbaijan-and-armenia-leaders-speak-exclusively-to-euronews Interview with the leaders of Azerbaijan and Armenia]
{{Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict}}
[[Category:2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war| ]]
[[Category:Armenia–Azerbaijan border]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 2020]]
[[Category:2020 in Armenia]]
[[Category:2020 in Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:2020 in international relations]]
[[Category:Battles in 2020]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Republic of Artsakh]]
[[Category:Wars involving Armenia]]
[[Category:Wars involving Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Drone warfare]]
[[Category:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]]
[[Category:September 2020 events in Asia]]
[[Category:October 2020 events in Asia]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]' |
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=== Equipment losses ===
-By 7 October 2020, Azerbaijan reported to have destroyed about 250 tanks and other armored vehicles; 150 other military vehicles; 11 command and command-observation posts; 270 artillery units and [[MLRS]]s, including a [[BM-27 Uragan]]; 60 Armenian anti-aircraft systems, including 4 S-300 and 25 [[9K33 Osa]]s; 18 UAVs and 8 arms depots.<ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan"/><ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan2">{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Azerbaijan's-MoD:-Up-to-200-tanks-228-artillery-cannons-300-units-of-air-defense-systems-of-Armenia-destroyed-331801|title=Azerbaijan's MoD: Up to 200 tanks, 228 artillery cannons, 300 units of air defense systems of Armenia destroyed|website=apa.az|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020 |archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001213252/https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Azerbaijan%27s-MoD%3A-Up-to-200-tanks-228-artillery-cannons-300-units-of-air-defense-systems-of-Armenia-destroyed-331801|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan3">{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/frontline-news/Azerbaijani-MoD:-List-of-the-enemy's-destroyed-military-equipment-colorredLISTcolor-332284|title=Azerbaijani MoD: List of the enemy's destroyed military equipment|website=apa.az|date=7 October 2020|access-date=7 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan4">{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Azerbaijani-President-announces-list-of-destroyed-and-looted-military-equipment-of-Armenia-332516|title=Azerbaijani President announces list of destroyed and looted military equipment of Armenia|website=apa.az|date=9 October 2020|access-date=9 October 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011141826/https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Azerbaijani-President-announces-list-of-destroyed-and-looted-military-equipment-of-Armenia-332516|url-status=live}}</ref> destroyed. As of 16 October 2020, the Azerbaijani President stated that the Armenian losses were at US$2 billion.<ref>{{cite news|date=16 October 2020|title=Ilham Aliyev: Armenian army suffers damage of US$2 billion|agency=Report Information Agency|url=https://report.az/en/nagorno-karabakh-conflict/ilham-aliyev-armenian-army-suffers-damage-of-2-billion/|access-date=20 October 2020}}</ref> In turn an Azerbaijani helicopter was stated to have been damaged, but its crew had apparently returned it to Azerbaijani-controlled territory without casualties.<ref name="azerbaijanihelicoptersurvived">{{cite news |url=https://report.az/herbi-xeberler/terterde-zedelenen-doyus-helikopteri-pesekarliqla-oz-erazimize-endirilib/|title=Tərtərdə zədələnən döyüş helikopteri peşəkarlıqla öz ərazimizə endirilib|access-date=29 September 2020|date=27 September 2020|website=report.az|publisher=Report Information Agency|language=az|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001213053/https://report.az/herbi-xeberler/terterde-zedelenen-doyus-helikopteri-pesekarliqla-oz-erazimize-endirilib/|url-status=live}}</ref> Later it was reported that on 12 October 2020, Azerbaijan had destroyed one [[OTR-21 Tochka#Scarab B|Tochka-U]] missile launcher. On 14 October 2020, Azerbaijan stated it had further destroyed five [[T-72]] tanks, three [[BM-21 Grad]] rocket launchers, one 9K33 Osa missile system, one [[BMP-2]] vehicle, one [[100 mm air defense gun KS-19|KS-19]] air defense gun, two [[122 mm howitzer 2A18 (D-30)|D-30]] howitzers and several Armenian army automobiles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3316263.html|title=Военная техника ВС Армении, уничтоженная сегодня ночью – СПИСОК|publisher=Trend News Agency|language=ru|date=14 October 2020|access-date=14 October 2020}}</ref> On the same day, Azerbaijan announced the destruction of three [[R-17 Elbrus]] [[tactical ballistic missile]] launchers that had been targeting [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]] and [[Mingachevir]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mod.gov.az/az/news/yasayis-menteqelerimizi-hedefe-alan-dusmen-raketleri-bolmelerimizin-qabaqlayici-zerbesi-ile-siradan-cixarilib-32975.html |title=Yaşayış məntəqələrimizi hədəfə alan düşmən raketləri bölmələrimizin qabaqlayıcı zərbəsi ilə sıradan çıxarılıb|publisher=Ministry of Defense of Azerbaijan|language=az|date=14 October 2020|access-date=14 October 2020}}</ref> BBC reporters confirmed the destruction of at least one tactical ballistic missile launcher in the vicinity of [[Vardenis]], close to the border with Azerbaijan, and posted photo evidence in support of this information.<ref>{{cite news |title=Где были ракетные комплексы Армении, которые разбомбил Азербайджан? Репортаж Би-би-си |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-54550977 |accessdate=21 November 2020 |agency=BBC |date=15 October 2020}}</ref>
+By 7 October 2020, Azerbaijan reported to have destroyed about 250 tanks and other armored vehicles; 150 other military vehicles; 11 command and command-observation posts; 270 artillery units and [[MLRS]]s, including a [[BM-27 Uragan]]; 60 Armenian anti-aircraft systems, including 4 S-300 and 25 [[9K33 Osa]]s; 18 UAVs and 8 arms depots.<ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan"/><ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan2">{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Azerbaijan's-MoD:-Up-to-200-tanks-228-artillery-cannons-300-units-of-air-defense-systems-of-Armenia-destroyed-331801|title=Azerbaijan's MoD: Up to 200 tanks, 228 artillery cannons, 300 units of air defense systems of Armenia destroyed|website=apa.az|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020 |archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001213252/https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Azerbaijan%27s-MoD%3A-Up-to-200-tanks-228-artillery-cannons-300-units-of-air-defense-systems-of-Armenia-destroyed-331801|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan3">{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/frontline-news/Azerbaijani-MoD:-List-of-the-enemy's-destroyed-military-equipment-colorredLISTcolor-332284|title=Azerbaijani MoD: List of the enemy's destroyed military equipment|website=apa.az|date=7 October 2020|access-date=7 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan4">{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Azerbaijani-President-announces-list-of-destroyed-and-looted-military-equipment-of-Armenia-332516|title=Azerbaijani President announces list of destroyed and looted military equipment of Armenia|website=apa.az|date=9 October 2020|access-date=9 October 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011141826/https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Azerbaijani-President-announces-list-of-destroyed-and-looted-military-equipment-of-Armenia-332516|url-status=live}}</ref> destroyed. As of 16 October 2020, the Azerbaijani President stated that the Armenian losses were at US$2 billion.<ref>{{cite news|date=16 October 2020|title=Ilham Aliyev: Armenian army suffers damage of US$2 billion|agency=Report Information Agency|url=https://report.az/en/nagorno-karabakh-conflict/ilham-aliyev-armenian-army-suffers-damage-of-2-billion/|access-date=20 October 2020}}</ref> In turn an Azerbaijani helicopter was stated to have been damaged, but its crew had apparently returned it to Azerbaijani-controlled territory without casualties.<ref name="azerbaijanihelicoptersurvived">{{cite news |url=https://report.az/herbi-xeberler/terterde-zedelenen-doyus-helikopteri-pesekarliqla-oz-erazimize-endirilib/|title=Tərtərdə zədələnən döyüş helikopteri peşəkarlıqla öz ərazimizə endirilib|access-date=29 September 2020|date=27 September 2020|website=report.az|publisher=Report Information Agency|language=az|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001213053/https://report.az/herbi-xeberler/terterde-zedelenen-doyus-helikopteri-pesekarliqla-oz-erazimize-endirilib/|url-status=live}}</ref> Later it was reported that on 12 October 2020, Azerbaijan had destroyed one [[OTR-21 Tochka#Scarab B|Tochka-U]] missile launcher. On 14 October 2020, Azerbaijan stated it had further destroyed five [[T-72]] tanks, three [[BM-21 Grad]] rocket launchers, one 9K33 Osa missile system, one [[BMP-2]] vehicle, one [[100 mm air defense gun KS-19|KS-19]] air defense gun, two [[122 mm howitzer 2A18 (D-30)|D-30]] howitzers and several Armenian army automobiles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3316263.html|title=Военная техника ВС Армении, уничтоженная сегодня ночью – СПИСОК|publisher=Trend News Agency|language=ru|date=14 October 2020|access-date=14 October 2020}}</ref> On the same day, Azerbaijan announced the destruction of three [[R-17 Elbrus]] [[tactical ballistic missile]] launchers that had been targeting [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]] and [[Mingachevir]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mod.gov.az/az/news/yasayis-menteqelerimizi-hedefe-alan-dusmen-raketleri-bolmelerimizin-qabaqlayici-zerbesi-ile-siradan-cixarilib-32975.html |title=Yaşayış məntəqələrimizi hədəfə alan düşmən raketləri bölmələrimizin qabaqlayıcı zərbəsi ilə sıradan çıxarılıb|publisher=Ministry of Defense of Azerbaijan|language=az|date=14 October 2020|access-date=14 October 2020}}</ref> BBC reporters confirmed the destruction of at least one tactical ballistic missile launcher in the vicinity of [[Vardenis]], close to the border with Azerbaijan, and posted photo evidence in support of this information.<ref>{{cite news |title=Где были ракетные комплексы Армении, которые разбомбил Азербайджан? Репортаж Би-би-си |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-54550977 |accessdate=21 November 2020 |agency=BBC |date=15 October 2020}}</ref> Later American journalist Josh Friedman posted a high quality video of a destroyed Armenian ballistic missile launcher.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Friedman |first1=Josh |title=Scud Missile Taken Out In Armenia Near Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Fb_I9UPW4U |website=YouTube |accessdate=21 November 2020}}</ref>
Armenian and Artsakh authorities initially reported the downing of four Azerbaijani helicopters and the destruction of ten tanks and [[IFV]]s, as well as 15 drones.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|title=Ոչնչացվել են հակառակորդի 4 ուղղաթիռ, շուրջ 15 ԱԹՍ, 10 տանկ և հետևակի մարտական մեքենա. ԼՂ ՊՆ|url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/30860621.html|website=«Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան|access-date=2020-10-11|archive-date=2020-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929175806/https://www.azatutyun.am/a/30860621.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Later the numbers were revised to 36 tanks and armored personnel vehicles destroyed, two armored combat engineering vehicles destroyed and four helicopters and 27 unmanned aerial vehicles downed all within the first day of hostilities.<ref name="31killed">{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=Armenia military top brass hold tactical consultation|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029179.html|access-date=28 September 2020|archive-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002201953/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029179.html|url-status=live}}</ref> They released footage showing the [[Cooking off#Tanks|destruction]] or damage of five Azerbaijani tanks.<ref>{{cite web|date=27 September 2020|title=Tanks Ablaze As Azerbaijani Forces Attack Armenian Troops In Disputed Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/sebastienroblin/2020/09/27/tanks-ablaze-as-azerbaijani-forces-attack-armenian-troops-in-disputed-nagorno-karabakh/#7c73fb172f90|publisher=Forbes|access-date=11 October 2020 |archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009181317/https://www.forbes.com/sites/sebastienroblin/2020/09/27/tanks-ablaze-as-azerbaijani-forces-attack-armenian-troops-in-disputed-nagorno-karabakh/#7c73fb172f90|url-status=live}}</ref> Over the course of 2 October, the Artsakh Defence Army said they had destroyed 39 Azerbaijani military vehicles, including a [[T-90]] tank; four [[SU-25]] fighter-bombers; three [[Mi-24]] attack helicopters; and 17 UAVs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Իրավիճակի ամփոփում ժ. 18։00 դրությամբ. 02.10.2020թ.|trans-title=Situation summary h. As of 18:00. 02.10.2020 |url=https://razm.info/146648|website=razm.info|date=2 October 2020|language=hy|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=7 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007231427/https://razm.info/146648|url-status=live}}</ref>
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0 => 'By 7 October 2020, Azerbaijan reported to have destroyed about 250 tanks and other armored vehicles; 150 other military vehicles; 11 command and command-observation posts; 270 artillery units and [[MLRS]]s, including a [[BM-27 Uragan]]; 60 Armenian anti-aircraft systems, including 4 S-300 and 25 [[9K33 Osa]]s; 18 UAVs and 8 arms depots.<ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan"/><ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan2">{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Azerbaijan's-MoD:-Up-to-200-tanks-228-artillery-cannons-300-units-of-air-defense-systems-of-Armenia-destroyed-331801|title=Azerbaijan's MoD: Up to 200 tanks, 228 artillery cannons, 300 units of air defense systems of Armenia destroyed|website=apa.az|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020 |archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001213252/https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Azerbaijan%27s-MoD%3A-Up-to-200-tanks-228-artillery-cannons-300-units-of-air-defense-systems-of-Armenia-destroyed-331801|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan3">{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/frontline-news/Azerbaijani-MoD:-List-of-the-enemy's-destroyed-military-equipment-colorredLISTcolor-332284|title=Azerbaijani MoD: List of the enemy's destroyed military equipment|website=apa.az|date=7 October 2020|access-date=7 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan4">{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Azerbaijani-President-announces-list-of-destroyed-and-looted-military-equipment-of-Armenia-332516|title=Azerbaijani President announces list of destroyed and looted military equipment of Armenia|website=apa.az|date=9 October 2020|access-date=9 October 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011141826/https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Azerbaijani-President-announces-list-of-destroyed-and-looted-military-equipment-of-Armenia-332516|url-status=live}}</ref> destroyed. As of 16 October 2020, the Azerbaijani President stated that the Armenian losses were at US$2 billion.<ref>{{cite news|date=16 October 2020|title=Ilham Aliyev: Armenian army suffers damage of US$2 billion|agency=Report Information Agency|url=https://report.az/en/nagorno-karabakh-conflict/ilham-aliyev-armenian-army-suffers-damage-of-2-billion/|access-date=20 October 2020}}</ref> In turn an Azerbaijani helicopter was stated to have been damaged, but its crew had apparently returned it to Azerbaijani-controlled territory without casualties.<ref name="azerbaijanihelicoptersurvived">{{cite news |url=https://report.az/herbi-xeberler/terterde-zedelenen-doyus-helikopteri-pesekarliqla-oz-erazimize-endirilib/|title=Tərtərdə zədələnən döyüş helikopteri peşəkarlıqla öz ərazimizə endirilib|access-date=29 September 2020|date=27 September 2020|website=report.az|publisher=Report Information Agency|language=az|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001213053/https://report.az/herbi-xeberler/terterde-zedelenen-doyus-helikopteri-pesekarliqla-oz-erazimize-endirilib/|url-status=live}}</ref> Later it was reported that on 12 October 2020, Azerbaijan had destroyed one [[OTR-21 Tochka#Scarab B|Tochka-U]] missile launcher. On 14 October 2020, Azerbaijan stated it had further destroyed five [[T-72]] tanks, three [[BM-21 Grad]] rocket launchers, one 9K33 Osa missile system, one [[BMP-2]] vehicle, one [[100 mm air defense gun KS-19|KS-19]] air defense gun, two [[122 mm howitzer 2A18 (D-30)|D-30]] howitzers and several Armenian army automobiles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3316263.html|title=Военная техника ВС Армении, уничтоженная сегодня ночью – СПИСОК|publisher=Trend News Agency|language=ru|date=14 October 2020|access-date=14 October 2020}}</ref> On the same day, Azerbaijan announced the destruction of three [[R-17 Elbrus]] [[tactical ballistic missile]] launchers that had been targeting [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]] and [[Mingachevir]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mod.gov.az/az/news/yasayis-menteqelerimizi-hedefe-alan-dusmen-raketleri-bolmelerimizin-qabaqlayici-zerbesi-ile-siradan-cixarilib-32975.html |title=Yaşayış məntəqələrimizi hədəfə alan düşmən raketləri bölmələrimizin qabaqlayıcı zərbəsi ilə sıradan çıxarılıb|publisher=Ministry of Defense of Azerbaijan|language=az|date=14 October 2020|access-date=14 October 2020}}</ref> BBC reporters confirmed the destruction of at least one tactical ballistic missile launcher in the vicinity of [[Vardenis]], close to the border with Azerbaijan, and posted photo evidence in support of this information.<ref>{{cite news |title=Где были ракетные комплексы Армении, которые разбомбил Азербайджан? Репортаж Би-би-си |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-54550977 |accessdate=21 November 2020 |agency=BBC |date=15 October 2020}}</ref> Later American journalist Josh Friedman posted a high quality video of a destroyed Armenian ballistic missile launcher.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Friedman |first1=Josh |title=Scud Missile Taken Out In Armenia Near Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Fb_I9UPW4U |website=YouTube |accessdate=21 November 2020}}</ref> '
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0 => 'By 7 October 2020, Azerbaijan reported to have destroyed about 250 tanks and other armored vehicles; 150 other military vehicles; 11 command and command-observation posts; 270 artillery units and [[MLRS]]s, including a [[BM-27 Uragan]]; 60 Armenian anti-aircraft systems, including 4 S-300 and 25 [[9K33 Osa]]s; 18 UAVs and 8 arms depots.<ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan"/><ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan2">{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Azerbaijan's-MoD:-Up-to-200-tanks-228-artillery-cannons-300-units-of-air-defense-systems-of-Armenia-destroyed-331801|title=Azerbaijan's MoD: Up to 200 tanks, 228 artillery cannons, 300 units of air defense systems of Armenia destroyed|website=apa.az|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020 |archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001213252/https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Azerbaijan%27s-MoD%3A-Up-to-200-tanks-228-artillery-cannons-300-units-of-air-defense-systems-of-Armenia-destroyed-331801|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan3">{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/frontline-news/Azerbaijani-MoD:-List-of-the-enemy's-destroyed-military-equipment-colorredLISTcolor-332284|title=Azerbaijani MoD: List of the enemy's destroyed military equipment|website=apa.az|date=7 October 2020|access-date=7 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan4">{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Azerbaijani-President-announces-list-of-destroyed-and-looted-military-equipment-of-Armenia-332516|title=Azerbaijani President announces list of destroyed and looted military equipment of Armenia|website=apa.az|date=9 October 2020|access-date=9 October 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011141826/https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Azerbaijani-President-announces-list-of-destroyed-and-looted-military-equipment-of-Armenia-332516|url-status=live}}</ref> destroyed. As of 16 October 2020, the Azerbaijani President stated that the Armenian losses were at US$2 billion.<ref>{{cite news|date=16 October 2020|title=Ilham Aliyev: Armenian army suffers damage of US$2 billion|agency=Report Information Agency|url=https://report.az/en/nagorno-karabakh-conflict/ilham-aliyev-armenian-army-suffers-damage-of-2-billion/|access-date=20 October 2020}}</ref> In turn an Azerbaijani helicopter was stated to have been damaged, but its crew had apparently returned it to Azerbaijani-controlled territory without casualties.<ref name="azerbaijanihelicoptersurvived">{{cite news |url=https://report.az/herbi-xeberler/terterde-zedelenen-doyus-helikopteri-pesekarliqla-oz-erazimize-endirilib/|title=Tərtərdə zədələnən döyüş helikopteri peşəkarlıqla öz ərazimizə endirilib|access-date=29 September 2020|date=27 September 2020|website=report.az|publisher=Report Information Agency|language=az|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001213053/https://report.az/herbi-xeberler/terterde-zedelenen-doyus-helikopteri-pesekarliqla-oz-erazimize-endirilib/|url-status=live}}</ref> Later it was reported that on 12 October 2020, Azerbaijan had destroyed one [[OTR-21 Tochka#Scarab B|Tochka-U]] missile launcher. On 14 October 2020, Azerbaijan stated it had further destroyed five [[T-72]] tanks, three [[BM-21 Grad]] rocket launchers, one 9K33 Osa missile system, one [[BMP-2]] vehicle, one [[100 mm air defense gun KS-19|KS-19]] air defense gun, two [[122 mm howitzer 2A18 (D-30)|D-30]] howitzers and several Armenian army automobiles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3316263.html|title=Военная техника ВС Армении, уничтоженная сегодня ночью – СПИСОК|publisher=Trend News Agency|language=ru|date=14 October 2020|access-date=14 October 2020}}</ref> On the same day, Azerbaijan announced the destruction of three [[R-17 Elbrus]] [[tactical ballistic missile]] launchers that had been targeting [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]] and [[Mingachevir]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mod.gov.az/az/news/yasayis-menteqelerimizi-hedefe-alan-dusmen-raketleri-bolmelerimizin-qabaqlayici-zerbesi-ile-siradan-cixarilib-32975.html |title=Yaşayış məntəqələrimizi hədəfə alan düşmən raketləri bölmələrimizin qabaqlayıcı zərbəsi ilə sıradan çıxarılıb|publisher=Ministry of Defense of Azerbaijan|language=az|date=14 October 2020|access-date=14 October 2020}}</ref> BBC reporters confirmed the destruction of at least one tactical ballistic missile launcher in the vicinity of [[Vardenis]], close to the border with Azerbaijan, and posted photo evidence in support of this information.<ref>{{cite news |title=Где были ракетные комплексы Армении, которые разбомбил Азербайджан? Репортаж Би-би-си |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-54550977 |accessdate=21 November 2020 |agency=BBC |date=15 October 2020}}</ref>'
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Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1605920013 |
