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10:28, 18 December 2020: Grandmaster (talk | contribs) triggered filter 869, performing the action "edit" on 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war. Actions taken: Tag; Filter description: Adding deprecated source to articles (examine | diff)

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Some international analysts called on France to step down from its position as a co-chair of the Minsk Group due to its support for Armenia, as its status as mediator requires that it maintains neutrality.<ref>{{cite news |title=France struggles to retain Karabakh sway after Armenia defeat |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20201127-france-struggles-to-retain-karabakh-sway-after-armenia-defeat |access-date=6 December 2020 |agency=AFP |publisher=France 24 |date=27 November 2020}}</ref>
Some international analysts called on France to step down from its position as a co-chair of the Minsk Group due to its support for Armenia, as its status as mediator requires that it maintains neutrality.<ref>{{cite news |title=France struggles to retain Karabakh sway after Armenia defeat |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20201127-france-struggles-to-retain-karabakh-sway-after-armenia-defeat |access-date=6 December 2020 |agency=AFP |publisher=France 24 |date=27 November 2020}}</ref>


On 22 November 2020 President of Russia Vladimir Putin said that from the point of view of the international law Nagorno-Karabakh is a part of Azerbaijan. Vladimir Putin's Press Secretary [[Dmitry Peskov]] stated that Russia, the same as other countries, did not change its position on the status of Nagorno-Karabakh, and the ownership of this territory is determined by the resolutions of the UN Security Council. According to Peskov, there was "no one in charge" in Karabakh, and Russia coordinates its activities in the region with two parties to the conflict, Azerbaijan and Armenia.<ref>{{cite news |title=Песков подтвердил позицию России по статусу Карабаха |url=https://iz.ru/1095876/2020-12-04/peskov-podtverdil-pozitciiu-rossii-po-statusu-karabakha |access-date=6 December 2020 |agency=Известия |date=4 December 2020}}</ref>
On 22 November 2020 President of Russia Vladimir Putin said that from the point of view of the international law Nagorno-Karabakh is a part of Azerbaijan. Vladimir Putin's Press Secretary [[Dmitry Peskov]] stated that Russia, the same as other countries, did not change its position on the status of Nagorno-Karabakh, and the ownership of this territory is determined by the resolutions of the UN Security Council. According to Peskov, there was "no one in charge" in Karabakh, and Russia coordinates its activities in the region with two parties to the conflict, Azerbaijan and Armenia.<ref>{{cite news |title=Песков подтвердил позицию России по статусу Карабаха |url=https://iz.ru/1095876/2020-12-04/peskov-podtverdil-pozitciiu-rossii-po-statusu-karabakha |access-date=6 December 2020 |agency=Известия |date=4 December 2020}}</ref> President Vladimir Putin reiterated his stance at the annual press conference on December 17, stating that international law recognizes Nagorno-Karabakh as part of Azerbaijan, and that Russia always held the position that seven occupied districts around Nagorno-Karabakh should be returned to Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Moscow-brokered Nagorno-Karabakh truce vital for preserving life & stopping bloodshed in disputed region, says Putin |url=https://www.rt.com/russia/509996-moscow-nagorno-karabakh-truce/ |access-date=18 December 2020 |agency=RT |date=17 December 2020}}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==

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'<noinclude>{{User:RMCD bot/subject notice|1=Second Nagorno-Karabakh War|2=Talk:2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war#Requested move 29 November 2020 }} </noinclude>{{short description|Armed conflict between Azerbaijan and self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh and their allies}} {{pp-semi|small=yes}} {{Use British English|date=September 2020}} {{use dmy dates|date=September 2020}} {{infobox military conflict | conflict = 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war | partof = the [[Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]] and the [[Russia–Turkey proxy conflict]] | image = QarabaghWarMap(2020).svg | image_size = 300px | caption = <small>For a more detailed map, see the [[Template:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict detailed map|Nagorno-Karabakh conflict detailed map]]</small> | date = {{nowrap|{{Start date|2020|9|27|df=y}} – {{End date|2020|11|10|df=y}}<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=09|day1=27|year1=2020|month2=11|day2=10|year2=2020}})<ref name="peace">{{cite web|url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/11/09/armenian-pm-announces-end-to-nagorno-karabakh-hostilities-a71997|title=Deal Struck to End Nagorno-Karabakh War|publisher=The Moscow Times |access-date=10 November 2020|date=10 November 2020}}</ref>}} | place = [[Nagorno-Karabakh]] and [[Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh|surrounding Armenian-occupied territories]], [[Armenia–Azerbaijan border]] | width = 300px | coordinates = | map_type = | latitude = | longitude = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_label = | territory = During the war: * Azerbaijan gains control of 5 cities, 4 towns, 286 villages,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://azertag.az/xeber/Isgaldan_azad_edilmis_seher_ve_kendlerimiz-1622227 |title=İşğaldan azad edilmiş şəhər və kəndlərimiz |work=[[Azerbaijan State News Agency]] |date=1 December 2020 |access-date=1 December 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.is/Nk92x |archive-date=1 December 2020 |language=az }}</ref> and the entire [[Azerbaijan–Iran border]] Post-[[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement|ceasefire]]: * Azerbaijan retains the areas of Nagorno-Karabakh that it captured during the war, all Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh [[cession|ceded]] back to Azerbaijan by 1 December 2020. * Azerbaijan is granted direct land access to its [[Enclave and exclave|exclave]] of [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchivan]] via a corridor through [[Armenia]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Kramer|first=Andrew E.|date=10 November 2020|title=Facing Military Debacle, Armenia Accepts a Deal in Nagorno-Karabakh War|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/09/world/middleeast/armenia-settlement-nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan.html|url-status=live|access-date=11 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111011541/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/09/world/middleeast/armenia-settlement-nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan.html|archive-date=11 November 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> | result = Azerbaijani victory<!-- Do not use terms such as "decisive", per [[Template:Infobox military conflict]] --><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20201210-one-nation-two-states-on-display-as-erdogan-visits-azerbaijan-for-karabakh-victory-parade|title='One nation, two states' on display as Erdogan visits Azerbaijan for Karabakh victory parade|date=10 December 2020|publisher=[[France24]]|quote=Azerbaijan's historic win was an important geopolitical coup for Erdogan who has cemented Turkey's leading role as a powerbroker in the ex-Soviet Caucasus region.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54882564|title=Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia sign Nagorno-Karabakh peace deal|date=10 November 2020|publisher=[[BBC]]|quote=The BBC's Orla Guerin in Baku says that, overall, the deal should be read as a victory for Azerbaijan and a defeat for Armenia.}}</ref> * [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement|Ceasefire agreement]] signed on 10 November 2020.<ref name="peace"/> * Azerbaijan retains control over the territories it recaptured during the war. * Russian peacekeeping forces deployed to the region.<ref name="Turkey, Russia to set up joint center to watch Nagorno-Karabakh peace"/> * Start of the [[2020 Armenian protests]]. * [[Memorandum of understanding]] signed on 11 November 2020, for the formation of the Joint Turkish–Russian Center.<ref name="Turkey, Russia to set up joint center to watch Nagorno-Karabakh peace">{{cite web |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkey-russia-to-set-up-joint-center-to-watch-nagorno-karabakh-peace-159920|title=Turkey, Russia to set up joint center to watch Nagorno-Karabakh peace|date=11 November 2020|publisher=Hurriyet Daily News}}</ref> | combatant1 = '''{{flag|Azerbaijan}}''' * [[Syrians|Syrian]] [[Mercenary|mercenaries]]<ref name="bbckofman" /><ref name="Macron"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-turkey-syria-idUSKBN26J25A|title=Turkey deploying Syrian fighters to help ally Azerbaijan, two fighters say|work=Reuters|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008220322/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-turkey-syria-idUSKBN26J25A|url-status=live}}<br />{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54356334|title=Armenia–Azerbaijan conflict: Azerbaijan president vows to fight on|date=30 September 2020|website=bbc.com|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001213255/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54356334|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="guard">{{cite web|last1=Carley|first1=Patricia|title=Turkey recruiting Syrians to guard troops and facilities in Azerbaijan|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/azerbaijan-armenia-turkey-syrians-recruiting-guard-facilities|publisher=Middle East Eye|date=September 29, 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002075651/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/azerbaijan-armenia-turkey-syrians-recruiting-guard-facilities|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/30/nagorno-karabakh-at-least-three-syrian-fighters-killed|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: at least three Syrian fighters killed|first1=Bethan|last1=McKernan |first2=Michael|last2=Safi|date=30 September 2020|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008211028/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/30/nagorno-karabakh-at-least-three-syrian-fighters-killed|url-status=live}}</ref>{{efn|Denied by Azerbaijan<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/9/28/azerbaijan-denies-turkey-sent-it-fighters-from-syria|date=28 September 2020|title=Azerbaijan denies Turkey sent it fighters from Syria|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=7 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007050935/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/9/28/azerbaijan-denies-turkey-sent-it-fighters-from-syria|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="theguardian0410">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/04/nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan-accuses-armenia-of-rocket-attack|date=5 October 2020|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Azerbaijan accuses Armenia of rocket attack|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=11 October 2020}}</ref> and Turkey.<ref>{{cite news|title=Türkiye'nin Dağlık Karabağ'a paralı asker gönderdiği iddiası|date=29 September 2020 |url=https://www.dw.com/tr/t%C3%BCrkiyenin-da%C4%9Fl%C4%B1k-karaba%C4%9Fa-paral%C4%B1-asker-g%C3%B6nderdi%C4%9Fi-iddias%C4%B1/a-55088342|publisher=Deutsche Welle|language=tr|access-date=11 October 2020 |archive-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002022949/https://www.dw.com/tr/t%C3%BCrkiyenin-da%C4%9Fl%C4%B1k-karaba%C4%9Fa-paral%C4%B1-asker-g%C3%B6nderdi%C4%9Fi-iddias%C4%B1/a-55088342|url-status=live}}</ref>}} {{plainlist| * '''Supported by:''' * {{flag|Turkey}}<ref>{{cite web|title=F-16s Reveal Turkey's Drive to Expand Its Role in the Southern Caucasus|url=https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/f-16s-reveal-turkeys-drive-expand-its-role-southern-caucasus|publisher=Stratfor|archive-url=https://archive.today/20201010133045/https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/f-16s-reveal-turkeys-drive-expand-its-role-southern-caucasus|archive-date=10 October 2020 |date=8 October 2020|quote=The presence of the Turkish fighter aircraft ... demonstrate[s] direct military involvement by Turkey that goes far beyond already-established support, such as its provision of Syrian fighters and military equipment to Azerbaijani forces.|access-date=11 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>{{efn|Turkey and Azerbaijan deny direct involvement of Turkey.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chausovsky |first1=Eugene|title=Turkey Challenging Russia's Monopoly in the South Caucasus|url=https://cgpolicy.org/articles/turkey-challenging-russias-monopoly-in-the-south-caucasus/|agency=Center for Global Policy |date=7 October 2020|archive-url=https://archive.vn/g5dqj|archive-date=7 October 2020|quote=... it has been reported (though denied by Turkish and Azerbaijani officials) that Turkish soldiers and aircraft have been directly involved in the fighting.}}</ref><ref name="Everything We Know About The Fighting That Has Erupted Between Armenia And Azerbaijan">{{cite web|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/36777/everything-we-know-about-the-fighting-that-has-erupted-between-armenia-and-azerbaijan|title=Everything We Know About The Fighting That Has Erupted Between Armenia And Azerbaijan|publisher=The Drive |access-date=1 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="azer">{{cite news|title=Turkey supplies T-300 Kasirga rocket system to Azerbaijan|url=https://www.azernews.az/nation/102564.html|publisher=AzerNews|date=21 September 2016}}</ref>}} }} ---- {{plainlist| '''Arms suppliers:''' * {{flag|Israel}}<ref>{{cite news|last1=Melman|first1=Yossi|author-link1=Yossi Melman|title=As Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict Expands, Israel-Azerbaijan Arms Trade Thrives|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/nagorno-karabakh-conflict-israel-azerbaijan-arms-trade-armenia-iran-1.9212986|publisher=Haaretz|date=7 October 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20201010164114/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/nagorno-karabakh-conflict-israel-azerbaijan-arms-trade-armenia-iran-1.9212986|archive-date=10 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Israel sending weapons to Azerbaijan as fight with Armenia rages on sources|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/world/2020/10/01/Israel-sending-weapons-to-Azerbaijan-as-fight-with-Armenia-rages-on-Sources|agency=Al Arabiya |date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://archive.vn/L8TSF|archive-date=3 October 2020|quote=... a US intelligence source told Al Arabiya English that Israel was sending planes full of weapons to Azerbaijan.}}</ref> }} | combatant2 = '''{{flag|Armenia}}'''<br />'''{{flag|Artsakh}}''' * [[Armenian diaspora]] volunteers<ref>{{cite news|last2=Francis|first2=Ellen|last1=Semerdjian|first1=Maria|title=Despite Lebanon's woes, Armenians spring to action for Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN27H157|access-date=1 November 2020|work=Reuters|date=1 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Zargaryan|first1=Robert|title=Ուղիղ չվերթով Երևան՝ առաջնագիծ գնալու պարտաստակամությամբ|trans-title=By direct flight to Yerevan, ready to go to the front line|url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/30872246.html|website=azatutyun.am|agency=RFE/RL|date=3 October 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.vn/1CnZr|archive-date=6 October 2020|language=hy}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Cragg|first1=Gulliver|title=Armenian volunteer returns from France to fight for Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20201007-armenian-volunteer-returns-from-france-to-fight-for-nagorno-karabakh|agency=France24|date=7 October 2020|archive-url=https://archive.vn/AGD2D|archive-date=7 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Harounyan|first1=Stéphanie|title=De Marseille à Erevan, un militant marqué au front|url=https://www.liberation.fr/france/2020/10/11/de-marseille-a-erevan-un-militant-marque-au-front_1802057|newspaper=Libération|date=11 October 2020|language=fr}}</ref> ---- {{plainlist| * '''Arms suppliers:''' * {{flag|Russia}}{{efn|Alleged by Azerbaijan,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/az/dagliq_qarabag/Prezident-Ermnistanin-thluksizliyi-pulsuz-silahlanmasi-Rusiya-trfindn-tmin-edilir-609813|title=Prezident: "Ermənistanın təhlükəsizliyi, pulsuz silahlanması Rusiya tərəfindən təmin edilir"|website=apa.az|date=11 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|language=az|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011141759/https://apa.az/az/dagliq_qarabag/Prezident-Ermnistanin-thluksizliyi-pulsuz-silahlanmasi-Rusiya-trfindn-tmin-edilir-609813|url-status=live}}</ref> and reports that Russia supplied arms to Armenia via Iran.<ref name="bneIranArmeniaarmsshipment"/><ref name="AzerbaijanclaimsIRARMarmstrade1"/><ref name="AzerbaijanclaimsIRARMarmstrade2"/> It has been denied by Iran.<ref name="Irandeniesarmstrade1"/><ref name="Irandeniesarmstrade2"/>}} }} | commander1 = {{plainlist| * {{flagdeco|Azerbaijan}} [[Ilham Aliyev]] * {{flagdeco|Azerbaijan}} [[Zakir Hasanov]] * {{flagdeco|Azerbaijan}} [[Najmaddin Sadigov]] * {{flagdeco|Azerbaijan}} [[Mais Barkhudarov]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mod.gov.az/en/news/major-general-mayis-barkhudarov-we-will-fight-to-destroy-the-enemy-completely-32376.html|title=Major General Mayis Barkhudarov: "We will fight to destroy the enemy completely|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008052224/https://mod.gov.az/en/news/major-general-mayis-barkhudarov-we-will-fight-to-destroy-the-enemy-completely-32376.html|archive-date=8 October 2020|date=September 28, 2020|publisher=Azerbaijani Ministry of Defence}}</ref> * {{flagdeco|Azerbaijan}} [[Hikmat Mirzayev]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.president.az/articles/41714|title=Release of the Press Service of the President|website=president.az|publisher=Official website of the President of Azerbaijan|date=4 October 2020|access-date=7 October 2020|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009090742/https://en.president.az/articles/41714|url-status=live}}</ref> * {{flagdeco|Azerbaijan}} [[Hikmat Hasanov]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apa.az/en/domestic-news/President-Ilham-Aliyev-congratulates-1st-Army-Corps-Commander-Hikmet-Hasanov-on-liberation-of-Madagiz-from-occupation-331987|title=President Ilham Aliyev congratulates 1st Army Corps Commander Hikmet Hasanov on liberation of Madagiz from occupation|website=apa.az|date=3 October 2020|access-date=3 October 2020 |quote=President Ilham Aliyev has congratulated 1st Army Corps Commander Hikmet Hasanov on liberation of Madagiz, APA reports.}}</ref> * {{flagdeco|Azerbaijan}} [[Elchin Guliyev]]<ref name="azesbs">{{cite web|url=https://azertag.az/en/xeber/1617731|title=Release of the Press Service of the President|agency=Azerbaijan State News Agency|date=19 October 2020 |access-date=20 October 2020|quote=Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Azerbaijan, President Ilham Aliyev congratulated Chief of the State Border Service (SBS), Colonel General Elchin Guliyev on raising the Azerbaijani flag over the Khudafarin bridge, liberating several residential settlements with the participation of the SBS, and instructed to convey his congratulations to all personnel. Colonel General Elchin Guliyev reported that the State Border Service personnel will continue to decently fulfill all the tasks set by the Commander-in-Chief.}}</ref> }} | commander2 = {{plainlist| * {{flagdeco|Artsakh}} [[Arayik Harutyunyan]] * {{flagdeco|Artsakh}} [[Jalal Harutyunyan]]{{WIA}}<ref name=jalal>{{cite web|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/27/jalal-harutyunyan-wounded-mikael-arzumanyan-appointed-artsakh-defense-minister|title=Jalal Harutyunyan wounded, Mikael Arzumanyan appointed Artsakh Defense Minister|date=27 October 2020}}</ref> * {{flagdeco|Artsakh}} [[Mikael Arzumanyan]]<ref name=jalal /> * {{flagdeco|Artsakh}} Artur Sargsyan{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.am/eng/news/611128.html|title=Artsakh Defense Army deputy commander killed|date=2 November 2020}}</ref> * {{flagdeco|Armenia}} [[Nikol Pashinyan]] * {{flagdeco|Armenia}} [[David Tonoyan]] * {{flagdeco|Armenia}} [[Onik Gasparyan]] * {{flagdeco|Armenia}} [[Tiran Khachatryan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/22/tiran-khachatryan-national-hero-of-the-republic-of-armenia/|title=Tiran Khachatryan – National Hero of the Republic of Armenia|date=2020-10-22|website=armradio.am|publisher=Public Radio of Armenia}}</ref> }} | units1 = {{flagicon image|Coat of arms of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces.png|size=15px}} [[Azerbaijani Armed Forces]] * {{flagicon image|Azerbaijani Land Forces badge.svg|size=15px}} [[Azerbaijani Land Forces]] ** {{flagicon image|Azerbaijan 1st Army.svg|size=15px}} 1st Corps<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3310257.html |title=President Ilham Aliyev congratulates Commander of 1st Army Corps Hikmat Hasanov on liberation of Madagiz |date=3 October 2020 |access-date=24 November 2020 |work=[[Trend News Agency]] |language=en }}</ref> ** {{flagicon image|Azerbaijan 2nd Army.svg|size=15px}} 2nd Corps<ref name=warontherocks /> ** {{flagicon image|Azerbaijan 3rd Army.svg|size=15px}} 3rd Corps<ref name="mk">{{cite web|url=https://www.mk.ru/politics/2020/11/07/ekspert-ocenil-poteri-armenii-i-azerbaydzhana-v-nagornom-karabakhe.html|title=Эксперт оценил потери Армении и Азербайджана в Нагорном Карабахе|language=ru|publisher=Moskovsky Komsomolets|date=7 November 2020|access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref> ** {{flagicon image|Azerbaijan 4th Army.svg|size=15px}} 4th Corps<ref name="mk" /> ** {{flagicon image|Azerbaijan 5th Army.svg|size=15px}} [[Nakhchivan Army]]<ref name="mk" /> * {{flagicon image|Azerbaijani Special Forces badge.svg|size=15px}} [[Special Forces of Azerbaijan|Special Forces]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bizimyol.info/az/news/301032.html?fbclid=IwAR10M4ffyYzs0y-HxzHaE7SeZkQz9QK5fZFXP0RTtSKgBfhGFQO_Ev6feuc|title=Qarabağın qəlbi necə azad olundu: 300 spartalının əfsanəsi gerçək oldu Şuşada|work=Bizim Yol|language=az|date=9 November 2020|access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref> * {{flagicon image|Azerbaijani Air Forces badge.svg|size=15px}} [[Azerbaijani Air Forces]]<ref name="war">{{Cite web |url=https://news.milli.az/society/903183.html |title=Bu gün general olan 4 hərbçi kimdir? |trans-title=Who are the 4 servicemen that became generals today? |date=7 December 2020 |access-date=8 December 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.is/EZgsB |archive-date=7 December 2020 |work=[[Day.az|Milli.az]] |language=az }}</ref> * {{flagicon image|Azerbaijani Navy badge.svg|size=15px}} [[Azerbaijani Navy]] ** Marines<br /> {{flagicon image|Azerbaijan Border Guards seal.svg|size=15px}} [[State Border Service (Azerbaijan)|State Border Service]]<ref name="azesbs" /><br /> {{flagicon image|Символ МВД АР.jpg}} [[Ministry of Internal Affairs (Azerbaijan)|Ministry of Internal Affairs]] * {{flagicon image|Azerbaijani Internal Troops emblem.svg|size=15px}} [[Internal Troops of Azerbaijan|Internal Troops]]<ref name="samir">{{Cite web |first=Murad |last=Ahmad |url=https://qafqazinfo.az/news/detail/susaya-ermenilerin-icinden-kecib-getdik-xeberleri-olmadi-xtd-zabitivideo-307243 |title="Şuşaya ermənilərin içindən keçib getdik, xəbərləri olmadı" – XTD üzvü +Video |trans-title="We went to Shusha through Armenians, they didn't know" – SOF member + Video |date=3 December 2020 |access-date=5 December 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.is/yZC3C |archive-date=5 December 2020 |work=Qafqazinfo |language=az }}</ref><br /> {{flagicon image|Emblem of the Foreign Intelligence Service of Azerbaijan.jpg|size=15px}} [[Foreign Intelligence Service (Azerbaijan)|Foreign Intelligence Service]] * {{flagicon image|YARASA Flag.svg|size=15px}} YARASA Special Forces<ref>{{Cite web |first=Mirmahmud |last=Kazimoglu |url=https://report.az/herbi-xeberler/xarici-kesfiyyat-xidmetinin-yarasa-xususi-bolmesi-ilk-defe-numayis-etdirildi/ |title=Xarici Kəşfiyyat Xidmətinin YARASA xüsusi bölməsi ilk dəfə nümayiş etdirildi |date=10 December 2020 |access-date=10 December 2020 |work=[[Report Information Agency]] |language=az }}</ref> Syrian mercenaries<ref name="SOHR1"/><ref name="Everything We Know About The Fighting That Has Erupted Between Armenia And Azerbaijan"/> * {{flagicon image|Logo of the Hamza Division.jpg}} [[Hamza Division (Aleppo)|Hamza Division]] * {{flagicon image|Sultan Murat Tümeni Flag.svg}} [[Sultan Murad Division]] | units2 = {{flagicon image|Army Artsakh.jpg}} [[Artsakh Defence Army]]<br />{{flagicon image|Armmil zinanshan.jpg}} [[Armed Forces of Armenia]]<br />{{flagicon image|National Security Service of the Republic of Armenia.png|size=15px}} [[National Security Service (Armenia)|National Security Service]]<ref>[https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1034989/ 46 servicemen of Armenia NSS border troops killed during NK war]</ref> | strength1 = {{plainlist| * Unknown regular military * 2,580 Syrian fighters<ref name="syriandead"/>}} {{Collapsible list|title=Equipment:|Various types of tanks and armored vehicles including [[T-90]], [[T-72]], [[BMP-1]], [[BMP-2]], [[BMP-3]] and [[BTR-80|BTR-82]]<ref name="Everything We Know About The Fighting That Has Erupted Between Armenia And Azerbaijan"/><ref name="What Open Source Evidence Tells Us About The Nagorno-Karabakh War">{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/sebastienroblin/2020/10/23/what-open-source-evidence-tells-us-about-the-nagorno-karabakh-war/?sh=81195e26f4be|title=What Open Source Evidence Tells Us About The Nagorno-Karabakh War|work=Forbes|access-date=12 November 2020}}</ref> |Unknown number of [[Bayraktar TB2]] [[Unmanned combat aerial vehicle|combat drone]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/a-military-breakdown-of-the-azerbaijan-armenia-conflict-40175 |first=Adam|last=Bensaid|publisher=TRTWorld|title=A military breakdown of the Azerbaijan–Armenia conflict|date=29 September 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=7 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007172235/https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/a-military-breakdown-of-the-azerbaijan-armenia-conflict-40175|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="What Open Source Evidence Tells Us About The Nagorno-Karabakh War"/> |Unknown number of [[IAI Harop]], [[Aeronautics Defense Orbiter|Orbiter 1K]] and [[STM Kargu]] [[Loitering munition|suicide drones]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/israeli-drones-in-azerbaijan-raise-questions-on-use-in-the-battlefied-644161|title=Israeli drones in Azerbaijan raise questions on use in the battlefield|first=Seth J.|last=Frantzman|newspaper=Jerusalem Post|date=1 October 2020 |access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009015409/https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/israeli-drones-in-azerbaijan-raise-questions-on-use-in-the-battlefied-644161|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.milliyet.com.tr/galeri/son-dakika-goruntu-dunyayi-calkaladi-siha-vurdu-bir-baska-drone-6319256|title=Son dakika... Görüntü dünyayı çalkaladı! SİHA vurdu, bir başka drone...|publisher=Milliyet|language=tr|date=1 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011141818/https://www.milliyet.com.tr/galeri/son-dakika-haberleri-ermeni-komutanlarla-masada-oturana-bak-6319256|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=cnnturk/> |Unknown number of converted [[Antonov An-2]] used as unmanned drone for different roles<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hetq.am/en/article/123071|title=Azerbaijani Military Retools Old Crop Duster Planes as Attack Drones|date=14 October 2020|publisher=Hetq Online}}</ref> | Various [[Multiple rocket launcher|MLRs]] including [[Kasirga rocket system|TRG-300]] guided MLRs and [[BM-30 Smerch]]es<ref>{{cite web|title=Missiles, rockets and drones define Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict |url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/missiles-rockets-and-drones-define-azerbaijan-armenia-conflict-644365|publisher=The Jerusalem Post|access-date=18 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="What Open Source Evidence Tells Us About The Nagorno-Karabakh War"/> | Various [[Surface-to-air missile|anti-aircraft missiles]] including [[S-300 missile system|S-300]]s<ref name="Azerbaijan shoots down Armenian Su-25 fighter jet">{{cite web |url=https://www.trtworld.com/asia/azerbaijan-shoots-down-armenian-su-25-fighter-jet-40674|title=Azerbaijan shoots down Armenian Su-25 fighter jet|publisher=TRT World|access-date=12 November 2020}}</ref> | Various artillery<ref name="Cities under fire as Armenia-Azerbaijan fighting intensifies">{{cite web|url=https://today.rtl.lu/news/world/a/1590159.html|title=Cities under fire as Armenia-Azerbaijan fighting intensifies|publisher=RTL Today|access-date=12 November 2020}}</ref> }} | strength2 = {{plainlist| * Unknown regular military}} {{Collapsible list|title=Equipment:| [[T-72]] tanks and various types of armored vehicles including [[BMP-1]], [[BMP-2]] and [[MT-LB]]<ref name="Everything We Know About The Fighting That Has Erupted Between Armenia And Azerbaijan"/><ref name="What Open Source Evidence Tells Us About The Nagorno-Karabakh War"/> | [[Scud|Scud-B]] and [[OTR-21 Tochka]] [[tactical ballistic missile]]s<ref name="What Open Source Evidence Tells Us About The Nagorno-Karabakh War"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia, Azerbaijan announce new attempt at cease-fire|url=https://apnews.com/article/international-news-ilham-aliyev-azerbaijan-armenia-51d168ecbfe86cfd9a9ba08767f6e1d7|publisher=AP News|access-date=19 October 2020}}</ref> | Various [[Multiple rocket launcher|MLRs]] including [[BM-30 Smerch]]es, [[WM-80 MRL|WM-80]]s and [[BM-21 Grad]]s <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f943a7ac4548e02bf3cc26b%26%262020-10-24T14%3A30%3A19.028Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:fe950852-c7ae-417d-a14b-229013c4b98b&pinned_post_asset_id=5f943a7ac4548e02bf3cc26b&pinned_post_type=share|title=Село Тапкаракоюнлу, примерно в 60 километрах от города Гянджа. Военный показывает журналистам ракету "Смерч" перед разминированием.|date=24 October 2020|access-date=24 October 2020|language=ru|publisher=BBC Russian Service}}</ref><ref name="What Open Source Evidence Tells Us About The Nagorno-Karabakh War"/> | Various [[Surface-to-air missile|anti-aircraft missiles]] including [[S-300 missile system|S-300]]s, [[9K33 Osa|Osa]]s and [[9K35 Strela-10|Strela-10]]s<ref name="Everything We Know About The Fighting That Has Erupted Between Armenia And Azerbaijan"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Azerbaijani used TB2 drone to destroy second S-300 SAM of Armenia|url=https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2020/10/11/azerbaijani-used-tb2-drone-to-destroy-second-s-300-sam-of-armenia/|publisher=Global Defense Corp|access-date=1 November 2020}}</ref> | Various types of [[anti-tank guided missile]]s<ref name="Everything We Know About The Fighting That Has Erupted Between Armenia And Azerbaijan"/> | Various artillery<ref name="Cities under fire as Armenia-Azerbaijan fighting intensifies"/> | [[Sukhoi Su-25|Su-25]] [[Close air support|ground attack aircraft]]<ref name="Azerbaijan shoots down Armenian Su-25 fighter jet"/> }} | casualties1 = '''Per Azerbaijan:''' * 2,783 servicemen killed<ref name="2783soldiers" /><ref name="azMoDlist">{{cite web|date=8 December 2020|title=List of servicemen who died as Shehids in the Patriotic War |url=https://mod.gov.az/en/news/list-of-servicemen-who-died-as-shehids-in-the-patriotic-war-34027.html |access-date=8 December 2020|publisher=[[Ministry of Defence (Azerbaijan)|Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Azerbaijan]]}}</ref> * 100+ servicemen missing<ref name="2783soldiers" /> * 10 servicemen captured<ref>[https://apnews.com/article/russia-azerbaijan-armenia-prisoner-exchange-4b435d7594c119ced5830273cd388744 Azerbaijan, Armenia exchange prisoners as part of peace deal]<br>[https://www.news.az/news/span-classred-highlightazerbaijani-hostages-released-from-armenian-captivity-arrive-in-baku-span Azerbaijani captives, including Shahbaz Guliyev and Dilgam Asgarov, who were held hostage by Armenians, brought home]</ref> '''Per [[Syrian Observatory for Human Rights|SOHR]]:''' * 541 Syrian mercenaries killed<ref name="syriandead">{{cite web|date=3 December 2020|title=SOHR exclusive {{!}} Death toll of mercenaries in Azerbaijan is higher than that in Libya, while Syrian fighters given varying payments |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/194516/|access-date=3 December 2020|publisher=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights}}</ref> ---- See [[Casualties of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war|Casualties]] for details | casualties2 = '''Per Armenia:''' * 2,996 servicemen killed<ref name="ArmenianKIA1">{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Artsakh military death toll reaches 2996 as retrieval and identification of bodies continues |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1037547.html |work=Armenpress |date=2020-12-11 |access-date=2020-12-11}}</ref> * 60+ servicemen captured<ref name="ARMPOW1" /> ---- See [[Casualties of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war|Casualties]] for details | casualties3 = {{plainlist| * 100 Azerbaijani<ref name="AzerCivs">{{Cite web |url=https://www.azernews.az/aggression/173628.html |title=Civilian death toll in Armenian attacks reaches 100 |date=8 December 2020 |access-date=8 December 2020 |work=AzerNews |language=en }}</ref> and 55 Armenian civilians killed<ref name="ArmenianKIA2">{{Cite news|date=2020-12-05|title=Armenian protesters demand prime minister quit over deal with Nagorno-Karabakh|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/05/armenian-protesters-demand-prime-minister-quit-over-deal-with-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=2020-12-06|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> * 416 Azerbaijani and 148 Armenian civilians injured<ref name="AzerCivs"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1033921/|title=50 Armenian civilians killed by Azerbaijani armed forces so far|date=4 November 2020|access-date=4 November 2020}}<br />[https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1031392.html Azerbaijani targeting of civilians has claimed lives of 31 in Artsakh]</ref> * 3 Azerbaijani civilians missing {{small|(per Azerbaijan)}}<ref>[https://axar.az/news/toplum/523865.html]</ref> and ~40 Armenian{{small|(per NKR)}}<ref name="Armmissing" /> * 1 Russian [[Mi-24]] [[2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown|shot down]], 2 crew members killed, 1 injured<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/nagorno-karabakh-russian-helicopter-shot-down-over-armenia/a-55547913|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Russian helicopter shot down over Armenia|first=Deutsche|last=Welle (dw.com)|publisher=DW}}</ref> * 1 Russian civilian killed<ref name="russianboy" /> * 2 Armenian,<ref>{{cite web|title=Caucasus: 4 Journalists Injured in Nagorno-Karabakh Fighting|url=https://www.voanews.com/press-freedom/caucasus-4-journalists-injured-nagorno-karabakh-fighting|publisher=Voice of America|date=1 October 2020|access-date=21 October 2020}}</ref> 1 Azerbaijani,<ref name="anarshushali" /> 2 French<ref>{{cite web|title=Two French journalists seriously wounded after shelling in Nagorno-Karabakh|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-journalists-condit-idUSKBN26M5U7|work=Reuters|date=1 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=1 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001144332/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-journalists-condit-idUSKBN26M5U7|url-status=live}}</ref> and 3 Russian journalists injured<ref>{{cite news|url=https://rg.ru/2020/10/08/mid-rf-rossijskie-zhurnalisty-v-karabahe-poluchili-srednie-i-tiazhelye-raneniia.html|title=МИД РФ: Российские журналисты в Карабахе получили средние и тяжелые ранения |date=2020-10-08|publisher=Rossiyskaya Gazeta|access-date=2020-10-08|language=ru|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011141852/https://rg.ru/2020/10/08/mid-rf-rossijskie-zhurnalisty-v-karabahe-poluchili-srednie-i-tiazhelye-raneniia.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * 1 Iranian civilian injured from stray fire<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/iran-comes-under-attack-as-fighting-between-armenia-azerbaijan-spreads-across-border/|title=Iran comes under attack as fighting between Armenia–Azerbaijan spreads across border|work=Almasdar News|date=3 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009042858/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/iran-comes-under-attack-as-fighting-between-armenia-azerbaijan-spreads-across-border/|url-status=live}}</ref> * 40,000 Azerbaijanis<ref name="azerbaijandisplaced">{{cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/SP/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=26464&LangID=E|title=Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: Bachelet warns of possible war crimes as attacks continue in populated areas|publisher=Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights|date=2 November 2020|access-date=2 November 2020}}</ref> and 100,000 Armenians displaced<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/uneasy-peace-takes-hold-in-contested-region-of-azerbaijan PBS NewsHour – Uneasy peace takes hold in contested region of Azerbaijan]</ref><ref name="riadisplaced">{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20201024/karabakh-1581290908.html|title=Глава МИД Армении назвал число беженцев из-за ситуации в Карабахе|agency=RIA Novosti |date=23 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020|language=ru}}</ref><ref name="armenpress90000">{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1032601.html|title=Nearly 90,000 people displaced, lost homes and property in Nagorno Karabakh|publisher=ArmenPress|date=24 October 2020|access-date=24 October 2020}}</ref>}}<!-- <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan/un-says-nagorno-karabakh-attacks-could-be-war-crimes-idUSKBN27I1RK|title=U.N. says Nagorno-Karabakh attacks could be war crimes|date=2020-11-02|website=reuters.com|agency=Reuters}}</ref> --> | notes = | campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Nagorno-Karabakh conflict}}{{Campaignbox 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war}} }} [[File:2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war every day (Liveuamap).webm|thumb|Day-by-day animation of the war. Red: Artsakh; blue: captured by the Azerbaijani army; dotted blue: regions in which Azerbaijani special forces were active.]] The '''2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war''',{{efn|{{*}}In Armenia, local media sometimes refer to it as '''Azerbaijani aggression''' ({{lang-hy|ադրբեջանական ագրեսիա|translit=adrbejanakan agreˈsia}}, {{IPA-hy|ɑdɾbɛdʒɑnɑˈkɑn ɑgˈɾɛsjɑ}})<ref>{{cite news|title="Azerbaijani aggression has been pre-planned" – Armenian FM sends letter to UN Secretary-General|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029461.html|agency=Armenpress|date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20201011091411/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029461.html|archive-date=11 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ghazanchyan|first1=Siranush|title=26 more Armenian troops killed repelling Azerbaijani aggression|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/09/26-more-armenian-troops-killed-repelling-azerbaijani-aggression/ |agency=Public Radio of Armenia|date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20201011091401/https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/09/26-more-armenian-troops-killed-repelling-azerbaijani-aggression/|archive-date=11 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> or the '''Azerbaijani-Turkish aggression''' ({{lang-hy|ադրբեջանա-թուրքական ագրեսիա|translit=adrbejana-t'urk'akan agreˈsia}}, {{IPA-hy|ɑdɾbɛdʒɑnɑ-tʰuɾkʰɑkɑn ɑgˈɾɛsjɑ}}).<ref>{{cite news|title=Protest in front of the White House against the Azerbaijani-Turkish aggression|url=https://www.1lurer.am/en/2020/10/09/Protest-in-front-of-the-White-House-against-the-Azerbaijani-Turkish-aggression/331184|publisher=1lurer.am|agency=Public TV of Armenia|date=9 October 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201011091531/https://www.1lurer.am/en/2020/10/09/Protest-in-front-of-the-White-House-against-the-Azerbaijani-Turkish-aggression/331184|archive-date=11 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>{{indent}}{{*}}In Azerbaijan, it has been referred to '''Second Karabakh War''' ({{Lang-az|İkinci Qarabağ müharibəsi}}),<ref>{{cite news|title=Prezident İlham Əliyevin rəhbərliyi ilə Müdafiə Nazirliyinin Mərkəzi Komanda Məntəqəsində operativ müşavirə keçirilib – YENİLƏNİB|url=https://apa.az/az/dagliq_qarabag/Prezident-Ilham-liyevin-rhbrliyi-il-Mudafi-Nazirliyinin-Mrkzi-Komanda-Mntqsind-operativ-musavir-kecirilib-colorredYENILNIBcolor-612152|website=apa.az|date=25 October 2020|access-date=25 October 2020|language=az}}</ref> '''The Patriotic War''' ({{Lang-az|Vətən müharibəsi}}),<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.science.gov.az/news/open/14376 |title=Vətən Müharibəsində dövlətimizin və ordumuzun yanındayıq |publisher=[[Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences]] |date=30 September 2020 |access-date=21 November 2020 |language=az }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://azeridefence.com/az%C9%99rbaycanda-yeni-h%C9%99rbi-orden-medallar-v%C9%99-f%C9%99xri-ad-t%C9%99sis-edilib/ |title=Azərbaycanda yeni hərbi orden, medallar və fəxri ad təsis edilib |work=AzeriDefence |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=21 November 2020 |language=az }}</ref> '''Operation for peace enforcement of Armenia''' ({{Lang-az|Ermənistanı sülhə məcburetmə əməliyyatı}}),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Assistant-to-President-of-Azerbaijan:-%22First-phase-of-operation-for-peaceenforcement-of-Armenia-was-successfully-completed%22-332582|title=Assistant to President of Azerbaijan: "First phase of operation for peaceenforcement of Armenia was successfully completed"|date=11 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010125828/https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Assistant-to-President-of-Azerbaijan:-%22First-phase-of-operation-for-peaceenforcement-of-Armenia-was-successfully-completed%22-332582|url-status=live}}</ref> or '''Counter-offensive operation'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://menafn.com/1100863723/Defense-Ministry-Azerbaijan-Armys-Troops-launches-counter-offensive-operation-along-entire-front|date=29 September 2020|title=Defense Ministry: Azerbaijan Army's Troops launches counter-offensive operation along entire front}}</ref> ({{lang-az|Əks-hücum əməliyyatı}}) by the government.}} code-named '''Operation Iron Fist''' ({{lang-az|Dəmir Yumruq əməliyyatı}})<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://report.az/qarabag/azerbaycan-ordusu-dusmene-qarsi-emeliyyatlari-demir-yumruq-adi-altinda-kecirib/ |title=Azərbaycan Ordusu düşmənə qarşı əməliyyatları "Dəmir yumruq" adı altında keçirib |work=[[Report Information Agency]] |date=10 December 2020 |access-date=10 December 2020 |language=az }}</ref> by Azerbaijan, was an armed conflict between [[Azerbaijan]], supported by [[Turkey]], and the self-proclaimed [[Republic of Artsakh]] together with [[Armenia]], in the disputed region of [[Nagorno-Karabakh]] and [[Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh|surrounding territories]]. It was the latest escalation of an unresolved [[Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|conflict over the region]], which is internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan, but partially governed by Artsakh, a [[List of states with limited recognition|breakaway state]] with an Armenian ethnic majority.{{efn|At the end of Soviet period, the [[Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast]] was recorded as being populated by 76.9% Armenians, 21.5% Azerbaijanis, and 1.5% other groups, totalling 188,685 persons, in the 1989 census. The surrounding districts, occupied by the Republic of Artsakh since the 1994 ceasefire, were recorded in the 1979 census to have a population of 97.7% [[Azerbaijanis]], 1.3% [[Kurds]], 0.7% [[Russians]], 0.1% [[Armenians]], and 0.1% [[Lezgins]], for a total of 186,874 persons. This does not include the populations of [[Fuzuli District]] and [[Agdam District]], which were only partially under Armenian control before the 2020 war.}} Clashes began on the morning of 27 September 2020 along the [[Nagorno-Karabakh Line of Contact]], which had been established in the aftermath of the [[First Nagorno-Karabakh War]] (1988–1994). In response, Armenia and Artsakh introduced [[martial law]] and total [[mobilization]],<ref name="bbc_270920">{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Armenia and Azerbaijan erupt into fighting over disputed Nagorno-Karabakh|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54314341|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928055530/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54314341|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://in.reuters.com/article/armenia-azerbaijan-martial-law/nagorno-karabakh-announces-martial-law-and-total-mobilization-idINKBN26I086?il=0|title=Nagorno-Karabakh announces martial law and total mobilization|work=Reuters|date=27 September 2020|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011141606/https://in.reuters.com/article/armenia-azerbaijan-martial-law/nagorno-karabakh-announces-martial-law-and-total-mobilization-idINKBN26I086?il=0|url-status=live}}</ref> while Azerbaijan introduced martial law,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/armenia-azerbaijan-curfew/azerbaijans-parliament-approves-martial-law-curfews-presidents-aide-idINKBN26I0OU|title=Azerbaijan's parliament approves martial law, curfews – president's aide|work=Reuters|date=27 September 2020|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928062034/https://www.reuters.com/article/armenia-azerbaijan-curfew/azerbaijans-parliament-approves-martial-law-curfews-presidents-aide-idINKBN26I0OU|url-status=live}}</ref> a [[curfew]] and partial mobilization.<ref>{{cite web|title=Azerbaijan's president orders partial military mobilization |url=https://tass.com/world/1205799|access-date=2020-10-26|website=tass.com}}</ref> Turkey provided military support to Azerbaijan, although the extent of this support has been disputed.<ref name="russiamatters01"/><ref name="voa28sep">{{cite news|last1=Jones|first1=Dorian|title=Turkey Vows Support for Azerbaijan in Escalating Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict|url=https://www.voanews.com/south-central-asia/turkey-vows-support-azerbaijan-escalating-nagorno-karabakh-conflict|publisher=Voice of America|date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://archive.vn/OjQNm|archive-date=30 September 2020|quote={{-'}}Turkey is already supporting Azerbaijan militarily, through technical assistance through arms sales, providing critical military support, especially in terms of armed drones and technical expertise', said Turkish analyst Ilhan Uzgel.}}</ref> Turkey's involvement is thought to have been an attempt to extend its sphere of influence, both by increasing the standing of Azerbaijan in the conflict and by marginalizing Russia's influence over the region.<ref name="russiamatters01"/><ref name="nyt_011020"/> International analysts believe that fighting likely began with an Azerbaijani [[Offensive (military)|offensive]],<ref name="russiamatters01">{{cite web|last1=Kofman|first1=Michael|title=Armenia–Azerbaijan War: Military Dimensions of the Conflict|url=https://www.russiamatters.org/analysis/armenia-azerbaijan-war-military-dimensions-conflict|website=russiamatters.org|publisher=Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs|archive-url=https://archive.vn/7V4MH|archive-date=3 October 2020|date=2 October 2020|quote=On 27 September 2020, Azerbaijan launched a military offensive, resulting in fighting that spans much of the line of contact in the breakaway region of Nagorno-Karabakh...}}</ref><ref name="eurasianet_290920">{{cite web|last1=Kucera|first1=Joshua|date=29 September 2020|title=As fighting rages, what is Azerbaijan's goal?|url=https://eurasianet.org/as-fighting-rages-what-is-azerbaijans-goal|access-date=29 September 2020|website=eurasianet.org|quote=The Azerbaijani offensive against Armenian forces is its most ambitious since the war between the two sides formally ended in 1994.|archive-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004115811/https://eurasianet.org/as-fighting-rages-what-is-azerbaijans-goal |url-status=live}}</ref> with the primary goal of reclaiming the less mountainous districts of southern Nagorno-Karabakh, which were easier to take than the region's well-fortified interior.<ref name="eadaily_021020"/> The war was marked by the deployment of [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|drones]], sensors, long-range heavy artillery<ref name=":2">{{cite web|last=Gatopoulos|first=Alex|title=The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is ushering in a new age of warfare|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2020/10/11/nagorno-karabakh-conflict-ushering-in-new-age-of-warfare|access-date=2020-10-15|website=aljazeera.com}}</ref> and [[missile]] strikes, as well as by state propaganda and the use of official social media accounts in online [[information warfare]].<ref name=":9">{{cite news|last=Mirovalev|first=Mansur|date=15 October 2020|title=Armenia, Azerbaijan battle an online war over Nagorno-Karabakh|agency=Al Jazeera|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2020/10/15/karabakh-info-war}}</ref> Total casualties on both sides may be in the low thousands.<ref name=":4"/> Numerous countries and the [[United Nations]] strongly condemned the fighting and called on both sides to de-escalate tensions and resume meaningful negotiations without delay.<ref name="f24_300920">{{cite web |date=2020-09-30|title=UN Security Council calls for immediate end to fighting in Nagorno-Karabakh|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200930-un-security-council-calls-for-immediate-end-to-fighting-in-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=2020-09-30|agency=Associated Press|website=france24.com|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009133111/https://www.france24.com/en/20200930-un-security-council-calls-for-immediate-end-to-fighting-in-nagorno-karabakh|url-status=live}}</ref> Three ceasefires brokered by Russia, France, and the United States failed to stop the fighting.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hovhannisyan|first1=Nvard |last2=Bagirova|first2=Nailia|date=2020-10-13 |title=Nagorno-Karabakh conflict unacceptable: EU|agency=The Canberra Times|url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/6991293/nagorno-karabakh-conflict-unacceptable-eu/?cs=14232|access-date=2020-11-17}}</ref> Following [[Battle of Shusha (2020)|the capture]] of [[Shusha]], the second-largest settlement in Nagorno-Karabakh, a [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement|ceasefire agreement]] was signed between the President of Azerbaijan, [[Ilham Aliyev]], the Prime Minister of Armenia, [[Nikol Pashinyan]], and the President of Russia, [[Vladimir Putin]], ending all hostilities in the area from 00:00, 10 November 2020 [[Moscow Time]].<ref name="RIANovosti">{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20201110/karabakh-1583847112.html|title=Путин выступил с заявлением о прекращении огня в Карабахе|date=9 November 2020|access-date=9 November 2020|agency=RIA Novosti|language=ru}}</ref><ref name="RIA Novosti">{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20201110/karabakh-1583845291.html|title=Пашинян заявил о прекращении боевых действий в Карабахе|date=9 November 2020|access-date=9 November 2020|agency=RIA Novosti|language=ru}}</ref><ref name=":18">{{cite news|date=2020-11-10|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Russia deploys peacekeeping troops to region|work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54885906|access-date=2020-11-11}}</ref> The President of Artsakh, [[Arayik Harutyunyan]], also agreed to end the hostilities.<ref name="ria.ru">{{cite web |url=https://ria.ru/20201110/karabakh-1583847338.html|title=Президент непризнанной НКР дал согласие закончить войну|date=9 November 2020|access-date=9 November 2020|agency=RIA Novosti|language=ru}}</ref> Under the agreement, the warring sides will keep control of their currently held areas within Nagorno-Karabakh, while Armenia will return the surrounding territories it occupied in 1994 to Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan will also gain land access to its [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchivan]] exclave bordering [[Turkey]] and [[Iran]].<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/09/world/middleeast/armenia-settlement-nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan.html</ref> Approximately 2,000 Russian soldiers will be deployed as peacekeeping forces along the Lachin corridor between Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh for a mandate of at least five years.<ref name="peace"/> According to the Azerbaijani Defense Ministry, the ceasefire was breached on 26 November, in the village of [[Sor, Azerbaijan|Sor]], and reported that three Azerbaijani servicemen were killed and two were wounded in an Armenian attack. Also, according to the Azerbaijani authorities, on 8 December, one Azerbaijani serviceman was killed and an [[Azercell]] employee was seriously injured during the installation of communication facilities and transmission equipment near [[Hadrut]].<ref name="bbchadrut" /> The first major breach of the ceasefire that was confirmed by the Russian peacekeeping forces in the region occurred on 11 December, near [[Hadrut]]. [[Çaylaqqala|Khtsaberd]] (Çaylaqqala), [[Köhnə Tağlar|Hin Tagher]] (Köhnə Tağlar) villages, as well as the [[Katarovank]] monastery had become an Artsakh holdout in the [[Hadrut Province]] during the war.<ref name=CNDec12>[https://www.civilnet.am/news/2020/12/03/A-Piece-of-Hadrut-Remains-Armenian/411299 CIVILNET – A Piece of Hadrut Remains Armenian]</ref> [[#Post-ceasefire clashes|Clashes]] erupted around the Armenian holdout pocket despite the [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement|ceasefire agreement]], and it has been reported that the Azerbaijani forces seized control of Hin Tagher on 12 December, with some clashes continuing in the area.<ref name=AzbarezDec13>[http://asbarez.com/199167/president-sarkissian-says-government-has-not-provided-satisfactory-explanation-about-attacks-on-hadrut/ President Sarkissian Says Government Has Not ‘Provided Satisfactory Explanation’ About Attacks on Hadrut]</ref><ref name=RFERLDec13>[https://www.rferl.org/a/azerbaijan-says-four-soldiers-killed-amid-cease-fire-violations-in-nagorno-karabakh/30998371.html Azerbaijan Says Four Soldiers Killed Amid Cease-Fire Violations In Nagorno-Karabakh]</ref><ref name="hadrutcontrol" /> Later, Artsakh authorities confirmed that six of their servicemen had been injured.<ref name="hadrutaljazeera" /> Both sides accused each other of reigniting the conflict. The Russian peacekeeping forces requested both sides to respect the ceasefire.<ref name="hadrutscmp" /> On 13 December, the Russian peacekeeping contingent took control of Hin Tagher.<ref name="russiatagher" /> However, the next day, the Russian Ministry of Defence released a map showing both villages outside of the borders of the peacekeeping mission,<ref name="infografika" /> and both came under Azerbaijan's control.<ref name="bbcvillages">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/azerbaijan-55253513 |title=Hadrutun iki kəndi yenidən Azərbaycanın nəzarətindədir |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=13 December 2020 |website=bbc.com |publisher=BBC Azeri service |access-date=17 December 2020 |quote=}}</ref> {{TOC limit}} == Background == {{further|History of Nagorno-Karabakh}} The territorial ownership of Nagorno-Karabakh is fiercely contested between Armenians and Azerbaijanis. The [[Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|current conflict]] has its roots in events following [[World War I]] and today the region is ''[[de jure]]'' part of Azerbaijan, although large parts are ''[[de facto]]'' held by the internationally unrecognised [[Republic of Artsakh]], which is supported by Armenia.<ref>{{cite news|date=2016-04-06|title=Nagorno-Karabakh profile|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-18270325|access-date=2020-10-06}}</ref> ===Soviet era=== {{main|Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast}} During the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] era, the predmoninantly Armenian-populated region was governed as an [[Autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union|autonomous oblast]] within the [[Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic|Azerbaijan SSR]].<ref>{{cite web |title=UNHCR publication for CIS Conference (Displacement in the CIS) – Conflicts in the Caucasus |url=https://www.unhcr.org/publications/refugeemag/3b5583fd4/unhcr-publication-cis-conference-displacement-cis-conflicts-caucasus.html |website=UNHCR |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |access-date=18 November 2020 |date=1 May 1996 |quote=This mountain enclave, mostly inhabited by people of Armenian language and origin, had been placed under Azerbaijan’s jurisdiction in the 1920s, and was entirely surrounded by villages populated by Azeris.}}</ref> As the [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|Soviet Union began to disintegrate]] during the late 1980s the question of Nagorno-Karabakh's status re-emerged, and on 20 February 1988 the parliament of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast passed a resolution requesting transfer of the oblast from the Azerbaijan SSR to the [[Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic|Armenian SSR]]. Azerbaijan rejected the request several times,<ref name=":11"/> and ethnic violence began shortly thereafter with a series of pogroms between 1988 and 1990 against Armenians in [[Sumgait pogrom|Sumgait]], [[Kirovabad pogrom|Ganja]] and [[Baku pogrom|Baku]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.economist.com/europe/2020/10/29/the-fighting-in-nagorno-karabakh-reflects-decades-of-conflict|title=The fighting in Nagorno-Karabakh reflects decades of conflict|via=The Economist}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=de Waal|first=Thomas|title=Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War|title-link=Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War|publisher=New York University Press|year=2003|isbn=978-0-8147-1945-9|location=New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/blackgardenarmen00waal/page/n104 90]|quote=Around ninety Armenians died in the Baku pogroms.|author-link=Thomas de Waal}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-11-27-mn-1060-story.html|title=Soviet Tells of Blocking Slaughter of Armenians: General Reports His Soldiers Have Suppressed Dozens of Massacre Attempts by Azerbaijanis|date=27 November 1988|work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Broers|first=Laurence|title=Armenia and Azerbaijan: Anatomy of Rivalry|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=2019|isbn=978-1-4744-5055-3|location=Edinburgh|page=18|quote=Armenians see the campaign that emerged in 1987 to unify Karabakh and Armenia as peaceful, yet met with organized pogroms killing dozens of Armenians in the Azerbaijani cities of Sumgait, Kirovabad (today's Ganja) and Baku in 1988–1990.}}</ref> and against Azerbaijanis in [[Gugark massacre|Gugark]] and [[1988 violence in Shusha and Stepanakert|Stepanakert]].<ref name="nytgugark" /><ref name="bbcpogrom" /><ref name="trud" /><ref name="kavkazpogrom" /> Following the [[Law on Abolishment of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast|revocation of Nagorno-Karabakh's autonomous status]], a [[1991 Nagorno-Karabakh independence referendum|referendum]] was held in the region on 10 December 1991. The referendum was boycotted by the Azerbaijani population, which then constituted around 22.8% of the region's population; 99.8% of participants voted in favor. In early 1992, following the Soviet Union's collapse, the region descended into outright war.<ref name=":11">{{cite book|last=De Waal|first=Thomas |url=https://catalogue.solent.ac.uk/openurl/44SSU_INST/44SSU_INST:VU1?u.ignore_date_coverage=true&rft.mms_id=9997123365104796|title=Black Garden Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War, 10th Year Anniversary Edition, Revised and Updated|date=2013|isbn=978-0-8147-7082-5|oclc=1154881834}}</ref> ===First Nagorno-Karabakh War=== {{main|First Nagorno-Karabakh War}} The [[First Nagorno-Karabakh War]] resulted in the displacement of approximately 725,000 Azerbaijanis and 300,000–500,000 Armenians from both Azerbaijan and Armenia.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Haider |first1=Hans |title=Gefährliche Töne im "Frozen War" |url=https://www.wienerzeitung.at/nachrichten/welt-europa/weltpolitik/513109_Gefaehrliche-Toene-im-Frozen-War.html |access-date=18 November 2020 |work=Wiener Zeitung |date=2 January 2013 |language=de}}</ref> The 1994 [[Bishkek Protocol]] brought the fighting to an end and resulted in significant Armenian territorial gains: in addition to controlling most of Nagorno-Karabakh, the Republic of Artsakh also occupied the surrounding Azerbaijani populated districts of [[Agdam District|Agdam]], [[Jabrayil District|Jabrayil]], [[Fuzuli District|Fuzuli]], [[Kalbajar District|Kalbajar]], [[Qubadli District|Qubadli]], [[Lachin District|Lachin]] and [[Zangilan District|Zangilan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Military occupation of Azerbaijan by Armenia|url=http://www.rulac.org/browse/conflicts/military-occupation-of-azerbaijan-by-armenia|access-date=27 September 2020|publisher=Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts Project}}</ref> The terms of the Bishkek agreement produced a [[frozen conflict]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Grant |first1=Stan |title=A hundred-year 'frozen conflict' has restarted — and it's a pattern we've seen before |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-09-30/armenia-azerbaijan-conflict-represents-a-war-of-identity/12713140 |access-date=18 November 2020 |work=ABC News (Australia) |date=29 September 2020 |language=en-AU}}</ref> and long-standing international mediation attempts to create a peace process were initiated by the [[OSCE Minsk Group]] in 1994, with the interrupted [[Madrid Principles]] being the most recent iteration prior to the 2020 war.<ref>{{cite web|last=Palmer|first=James|title=Why Are Armenia and Azerbaijan Heading to War?|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/09/28/why-are-armenia-azerbaijan-heading-to-war-nagorno-karabakh/|access-date=2020-10-08|publisher=Foreign Policy}}</ref><ref name="MinskGroup_2Oct2020">{{cite web|title=Statement by the Co-Chairs of the OSCE Minsk Group |author=OSCE Minsk Group|url=https://www.osce.org/minsk-group/465711|date=2020-10-02|access-date=2020-10-09|publisher=Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019120749/https://www.osce.org/minsk-group/465711|archive-date=2020-10-19|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[United Nations Security Council]] adopted [[List of United Nations Security Council resolutions on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|four resolutions]] in 1993 calling for the withdrawal of "occupying forces" from the territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh,<ref>Resolutions 822, 853, 874 and 884: * {{cite web|url=http://unscr.com/files/1993/00822.pdf|title=Resolution 822 (1993)|date=30 April 1993|website=unscr.com|publisher=United Nations Security Council}} * {{cite web|url=http://unscr.com/files/1993/00853.pdf|title=Resolution 853 (1993)|date=29 July 1993|website=unscr.com|publisher=United Nations Security Council}} * {{cite web|url=http://unscr.com/files/1993/00874.pdf|title=Resolution 874 (1993)|date=14 October 1993|website=unscr.com|publisher=United Nations Security Council}} * {{cite web|url=http://unscr.com/files/1993/00884.pdf|date=12 November 1993 |title=Resolution 884 (1993)|website=unscr.com|publisher=United Nations Security Council}}</ref> and in 2008 the [[United Nations General Assembly|General Assembly]] adopted [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 62/243|a resolution]] demanding the immediate withdrawal of Armenian occupying forces,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2008/ga10693.doc.htm|title=General Assembly adopts resolution reaffirming territorial integrity of Azerbaijan, demanding withdrawal of all Armenian forces|date=14 March 2008 |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> although the co-chairs of the OSCE Minsk Group, Russia, France and USA, voted against it.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://undocs.org/en/A/62/PV.86|title=United Nations A/62/PV.86 General Assembly Sixty-second session|date=2008-03-14|website=undocs.org|publisher=United Nations}}</ref> ===Frozen conflict=== {{main|Nagorno-Karabakh conflict}} {{see also|July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes}} For three decades multiple violations of the ceasefire occurred, the most serious being the four-day [[2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]].<ref name="diplomatie_150720"/> Surveys indicated that the inhabitants of Nagorno-Karabakh did not want to be part of Azerbaijan, and in August 2019, in a declaration in favour of unification, the Armenian prime minister Nikol Pashinyan stated "Artsakh is Armenia, full stop".<ref name=":15">{{cite web|last1=Toal|first1=Gerard |last2=O’Loughlin|first2=John|last3=Bakke|first3=Kristin M.|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: what do residents of the contested territory want for their future?|url=http://theconversation.com/nagorno-karabakh-what-do-residents-of-the-contested-territory-want-for-their-future-147690|access-date=2020-10-15|publisher=The Conversation}}</ref> Further [[July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes|skirmishes]] occurred on the [[Armenia–Azerbaijan border|border between Armenia and Azerbaijan]] in July 2020.<ref name="diplomatie_150720">{{cite web |title=Armenia/Azerbaijan – Border clashes between the two countries (15 July 2020)|url=https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/armenia/news/article/armenia-azerbaijan-border-clashes-between-the-two-countries-15-jul-2020|publisher=Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs (France)|access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref> Thousands of Azerbaijanis demonstrated for war against Armenia in response, and Turkey voiced its firm support for Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Weise|first1=Zia|last2=Cienski|first2=Jan|last3=Herszenhorn|first3=David M.|date=28 September 2020|title=The Armenia–Azerbaijan conflict explained |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/the-nagorno-karabakh-conflict-explained-armenia-azerbaijan/|publisher=Politico|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> On 29 July 2020, Azerbaijan conducted a series of [[military exercise]]s that lasted from 29 July to 10 August 2020,<ref>{{cite web|title=Игра мускулами: зачем Азербайджан проводит учения с Турцией |url=https://www.gazeta.ru/politics/2020/07/28_a_13168861.shtml|access-date=27 September 2020|website=gazeta.Ru|language=ru}}</ref> followed by further exercises in early September with the involvement of Turkey.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/diplomacy/turkey-azerbaijan-military-drills-intimidate-armenia-president-aliyev-says|title=Turkey-Azerbaijan military drills intimidate Armenia, President Aliyev says|publisher=Daily Sabah|date=20 September 2020|access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref> Prior to the resumption of hostilities, allegations emerged that Turkey had facilitated the transfer of hundreds of [[Syrian National Army]] members from the [[Hamza Division (Aleppo)|Hamza Division]] to Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web |first=Ron|last=Synovitz|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/are-syrian-mercenaries-helping-azerbaijan-fight-for-nagorno-karabakh-/30895331.html|title=Are Syrian Mercenaries Helping Azerbaijan Fight For Nagorno-Karabakh?|publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|date=15 October 2020|access-date=22 October 2020|archive-url=https://archive.is/llvdP|archive-date=22 October 2020}}</ref> The government of Azerbaijan denied the involvement of foreign fighters.<ref>{{cite web|date=3 October 2020|title=Azerbaijani President: There is not a single evidence of any foreign presence in Azerbaijan |url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Azerbaijani-President:-There-is-not-a-single-evidence-of-any-foreign-presence-in-Azerbaijan-331951|access-date=3 October 2020|website=apa.az|quote=There is not a single evidence of any foreign presence in Azerbaijan. We have capable army. We have enough people in our army, we have enough people in our reserves. I announced a partial mobilization, which will allow us to involve tens of thousands of reservists. If necessary, so we don't need it. Armenia needs it, because Armenian population is declining. And it is only two million people.}}</ref> == Course of the conflict == {{main|Timeline of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war}} === Overview === [[File:September 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes.png|thumb|right|Approximate frontlines at the time of the ceasefire, with Azerbaijan's territorial gains during the war in red, the Lachin corridor under Russian peacekeepers in blue, and areas returned by Armenia to Azerbaijan hashed.]] The accounts of engagements in this conflict rely primarily on official statements from belligerents.{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}} The engagements have been characterized by the use of [[armoured warfare]]; [[Drone strike|drone warfare]],<ref name=":6">{{cite news|title=The Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict hints at the future of war|journal=The Economist : United Kingdom|publisher=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/europe/2020/10/10/the-azerbaijan-armenia-conflict-hints-at-the-future-of-war|access-date=2020-10-09|issn=0013-0613}}</ref> especially the use of Turkish-made [[Bayraktar TB2]] and [[Israel]]i [[loitering munition]] Harop drones;<ref name=":4"/><ref name=":2"/> [[Artillery|heavy artillery]]; [[rocket]] attacks; and [[trench warfare]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}} Throughout the campaign, Azerbaijan has relied heavily on drones to strike at Armenian/Artsakh forces, and managed to inflict heavy losses. Having successfully targeted tanks, artillery, and air defense systems, Azerbaijani drones also began targeting units of soldiers. However, some Azerbaijani drones were shot down.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bulos|first=Nabih|date=2020-10-15|title=A new weapon complicates an old war in Nagorno-Karabakh|url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-10-15/drones-complicates-war-armenia-azerbaijan-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=2020-10-28|newspaper=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref name=":12"/> It has also featured the deployment of [[cluster munition]]s, which are [[Convention on Cluster Munitions|banned by the majority of the international community]] but not by Armenia or Azerbaijan:<ref>{{cite web|title=United Nations Treaty Collection|url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-6&chapter=26&lang=en|access-date=2020-10-05|website=treaties.un.org|archive-date=2020-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618150323/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-6&chapter=26&lang=en|url-status=live}}</ref> international third parties have confirmed that Armenia had deployed cluster munitions on civilian-populated areas outside of the conflict zone,<ref name="hrw" /> and international third parties have confirmed evidence of Azerbaijan's use of cluster munitions against civilian areas of Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: Civilians must be protected from use of banned cluster bombs|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/10/armenia-azerbaijan-civilians-must-be-protected-from-use-of-banned-cluster-bombs/|access-date=2020-10-25|website=amnesty.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Freeman|first=Colin|date=2020-10-05|title=Azerbaijan dropping cluster bombs on civilian areas in war with Armenia|journal=Daily Telegraph|publisher=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/10/05/azerbaijan-dropping-cluster-bombs-civilian-areas-war-armenia/|access-date=2020-10-25|issn=0307-1235}}</ref> A series of attacks have inflicted mass civilian casualties in [[Ganja, Azerbaijan]], while civilian residences and infrastructure in [[Stepanakert]], Artsakh's capital, and elsewhere have been targeted, inflicting casualties and causing extensive damage.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hauer|first=Neil|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Sirens, shelling and shelters in Stepanakert|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/16/nagorno-karabakh-sirens-shelling-and-shelters-in-stepanakert|access-date=2020-10-19|website=aljazeera.com}}</ref> Disinformation and misinformation have accompanied the conflict.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-10-26|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: The Armenian-Azeri 'information wars'|work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54614392|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> The amount of territory contested is relatively restricted, but the conflict has expanded beyond the borders of Nagorno-Karabakh due to the level of conflict and kind of munitions deployed and spilled over international borders. Shells and rockets have landed in [[East Azerbaijan Province]] in [[Iran]], although causing no damage,<ref>{{cite news|last=Hashemzadeh|first=Mehri|title=اصابت راکت به روستای خلف بیگلو خسارت مالی و جانی نداشت|date=27 September 2020|url=https://www.isna.ir/news/99070604539/|editor-last=Teymouri|editor-first=Robab|publisher=Iranian Students News Agency|language=fa|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rocket attack on northwest of Iran border|publisher=Islamic World News|url=https://english.iswnews.com/15568/rocket-attack-on-northwest-of-iran-border/|access-date=2020-10-01|archive-date=2020-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002122159/https://english.iswnews.com/15568/rocket-attack-on-northwest-of-iran-border/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and Iran has reported several unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) downed or crashed within its territory,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jewishpress.com/news/middle-east/iran-news/iran-reports-crash-of-israeli-made-azeri-drone-in-clashes-with-armenia/2020/10/13/|title=Iran Reports Crash of Israeli-Made Azeri Drone in Clashes with Armenia|date=13 October 2020|publisher=Jewish Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Geopolitics.news|date=2020-09-30|title=Iran shoots down suspected Azerbaijani drone|url=https://geopolitics.news/euroasia/iran-shoots-down-suspected-azerbaijani-drone/|access-date=2020-10-05|publisher=Geopolitics News|archive-date=2020-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010123414/https://geopolitics.news/euroasia/iran-shoots-down-suspected-azerbaijani-drone/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|title='Мы предупреждали Алиева!': Иран сбил азербайджанский военный самолёт|url=https://avia.pro/news/my-preduprezhdali-alieva-iran-sbil-azerbaydzhanskiy-voennyy-samolyot|access-date=2020-10-05|website=avia.pro|archive-date=2020-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002115459/https://avia.pro/news/my-preduprezhdali-alieva-iran-sbil-azerbaydzhanskiy-voennyy-samolyot|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Desk|date=2020-09-29|title=Iran confirms its air defenses shot down foreign drone in East Azerbaijan|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/iran-confirms-its-air-defenses-shot-down-foreign-drone-in-east-azerbaijan/|access-date=2020-09-30|publisher=Al-Masdar News|archive-date=2020-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003072747/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/iran-confirms-its-air-defenses-shot-down-foreign-drone-in-east-azerbaijan/|url-status=live}}</ref> while Georgia stated that two UAVs had crashed in [[Kakheti|Kakheti Province]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://police.ge/en/shinagan-saqmeta-saministros-gantskhadeba/14025|title=Statement of the Ministry of Internal Affairs|publisher=Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia|access-date=7 October 2020|date=7 October 2020|archive-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010123414/https://police.ge/en/shinagan-saqmeta-saministros-gantskhadeba/14025|url-status=live}}</ref> The conflict began with an Azerbaijani ground offensive that included armored formations, supported by artillery and drones, including [[loitering munition]]s. Armenian and Artsakh troops were forced back from their first line of defense in Artsakh's southeast and northern regions, but inflicted significant losses on Azerbaijani armored formations with anti-tank guided missiles and artillery, destroying dozens of vehicles. Azerbaijan made heavy use of drones in strikes against Armenian air defenses, taking out 13 short-range surface-to-air missile systems. Azerbaijani forces used drones to systematically isolate and destroy Armenian/Artsakh positions. Reconnaisance drones would locate a military position on the front lines and the placement of reserve forces, after which the position would be shelled along with roads and bridges that could potentially be used by the reserves to reach the position. After the Armenian/Artsakh position had been extensively shelled and cut off from reinforcement, the Azerbaijanis would move in superior forces to overwhelm it. This tactic was repeatedly used to gradually overrun Armenian and Artsakh positions.<ref name=ecfr/> Azerbaijani troops managed to make limited gains in the south in the first three days of the conflict. For the next three days, both sides largely exchanged fire from fixed positions. In the north, Armenian/Artsakh forces counterattacked, managing to retake some ground. Their largest counterattack took place on the fourth day, but incurred heavy losses when their armor and artillery units were exposed to Azerbaijani attack drones, loitering munitions, and reconnaissance drones spotting for Azerbaijani artillery as they maneuvered in the open.<ref name="warontherocks">{{cite web|date=2020-10-14|title=The Second Nagorno-Karabakh War, Two Weeks In |url=http://warontherocks.com/2020/10/the-second-nagorno-karabakh-war-two-weeks-in/|access-date=2020-10-16|publisher=War on the Rocks}}</ref> On the sixth day, Azerbaijan and Armenia/Artsakh began trading missile and rocket artillery strikes against infrastructure. Among the targets hit were [[Stepanakert]], the capital of Artsakh, which was repeatedly shelled with rocket artillery, a bridge linking Armenia with Nagorno-Karabakh, which was taken out in a missile strike, and [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]], which was hit [[2020 Ganja ballistic missile attacks|four times]] by Armenian and Artsakh missiles, with [[Ganja International Airport]] among the targets. On the morning of the seventh day, Azerbaijan launched a major offensive. The Azerbaijani Army's First, Second, and Third Army Corps, reinforced by reservists from the Fourth Army Corps, began an advance in the north, making some territorial gains, but the Azerbaijani advance stalled.<ref name=warontherocks/> Most of the fighting subsequently shifted to the south, in terrain that is relatively flat and underpopulated as compared to the mountainous north. Azerbaijani forces [[Aras Valley campaign|launched offensives]] toward [[Jabrayil]] and [[Füzuli (city)|Füzuli]], managing to break through the multi-layered Armenian/Artsakh defensive lines and recapture a stretch of territory held by Armenian troops as a buffer zone, but the fighting subsequently stalled.<ref name=warontherocks/> After the shelling of [[Khojavend (town)|Khojavend (Martuni)]],<ref>{{cite news|date=15 October 2020|title=Taking Up Arms in Nagorno-Karabackh|publisher=Bloomberg|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2020-10-15/taking-up-arms-in-nagorno-karabackh-video}}</ref> Artsakh authorities began mobilizing civilians.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-15|title=Nagorno-Karabakh volunteers get weapons as clashes intensify|url=https://apnews.com/article/azerbaijan-armenia-c016829766e7f8a84708be53b6fcef21|access-date=2020-10-15|agency=AP NEWS}}</ref> Just before 04:00 (00:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]) on 10 October 2020, Russia reported that both Armenia and Azerbaijan had agreed on a humanitarian ceasefire after ten hours of talks in Moscow (the Moscow Statement) and announced that both would enter "substantive" talks.{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}} After the declared ceasefire, the President of Artsakh admitted Azerbaijan had been able to achieve some success, moving the front deep into Artsakh territory;<ref name="movingdeeper">{{cite news|date=2020-10-14|title=Конфликт в Карабахе: Азербайджан ударил по территории Армении|language=ru|publisher=BBC Russian Service|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f86c247c4548e02bf3cb153%26%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%20%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8F%20%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%8F%3A%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%20%D0%9D%D0%9A%D0%A0%262020-10-14T09%3A18%3A00.674Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:189add94-ce6d-4bcb-898a-6fb236258776&pinned_post_asset_id=5f86c247c4548e02bf3cb153&pinned_post_type=share|access-date=2020-10-14}}</ref> the Armenian Prime Minister announced that Armenian forces had conducted a "partial retreat".<ref name="partialretreat">{{cite web|date=2020-10-14|title=Пашинян заявил о частичном отступлении в Карабахе|url=https://ria.ru/20201014/karabakh-1579764261.html?fbclid=IwAR1orDnUuP25us0xGeYB0iY1EC-cMLDYWhGS0pm3KwNlDjYLSQT3gCXLCoY|access-date=2020-10-15|publisher=RIA Novosti|language=ru}}</ref> The ceasefire quickly broke down and the Azerbaijani advance continued. Within days Azerbaijan announced the capture of dozens of villages on the southern front.<ref>Chiragov, Fuad: [https://jamestown.org/program/azerbaijan-makes-strategic-advances-along-karabakhs-northern-southern-flanks/ Azerbaijan Makes Strategic Advances Along Karabakh’s Northern, Southern Flanks] – ''[[The Jamestown Foundation]]''</ref> A second ceasefire attempt midnight 17 October 2020 was also ignored.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54686682?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f971bd849467302d61cdec7%26%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B%20%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%20%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%20%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%20%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE%20%D0%B8%D0%B7%20%D0%B2%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%262020-10-26T18%3A56%3A26.219Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:99078f11-17be-44e3-9acc-d586b733b3fe&pinned_post_asset_id=5f971bd849467302d61cdec7&pinned_post_type=share|title=Минобороны Азербайджана опубликовало еще одно видео из взятого села|date=26 October 2020|access-date=26 October 2020 |publisher=BBC Russian Service|language=ru}}</ref> Azerbaijan announced the capture of Jabrayil on 9 October 2020 and Füzuli on 17 October 2020. Azerbaijani troops also captured the [[Khoda Afarin Dam]] and [[Khodaafarin Bridges]]. Azerbaijan announced that the border area with Iran was fully secured with the capture of Agbend on 22 October 2020.<ref>{{cite web|title=Azerbaijan claims "full control" of border with Iran|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/international/article/azerbaijan-claims-full-control-of-border-with-iran/671484|access-date=2020-10-28|website=timesnownews.com}}</ref> Azerbaijani forces then turned northwest, [[Lachin offensive|advancing towards the Lachin corridor]], the sole highway between Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh, putting it within artillery range. According to Artsakh, a counterattack repelled forward elements of the Azerbaijani force and pushed them back. Armenian/Artsakh resistance had managed to halt the Azerbaijani advance to within 25 kilometers of the Lachin corridor by 26 October 2020. Artsakh troops who had retreated into the mountains and forests began launching small-unit attacks against exposed Azerbaijani infantry and armor, and Armenian forces launched a counteroffensive near the far southwestern border between Armenia and Azerbaijan.<ref>[https://asiatimes.com/2020/10/azerbaijans-next-move-will-make-or-break-karabakh-war/ Azerbaijan's next move will make or break Karabakh war] – Asia Times</ref> On 26 October 2020, a US-brokered ceasefire came into effect, but fighting resumed within minutes.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54686284 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: US-brokered ceasefire frays soon after starting] – BBC News</ref><ref>[https://www.forbes.com/sites/sebastienroblin/2020/10/26/despite-ceasefire-fate-of-the-nagorno-karabakh-may-turn-on-the-lachin-corridor/ Despite Ceasefire, Fate Of The Nagorno-Karabakh May Turn On The Lachin Corridor] – Roblin, Sebastien: Forbes</ref> Three days later, the Artsakh authorities stated that the Azerbaijani forces were {{cvt|5|km}} from [[Shusha]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54686682?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f9ae1e749467302d61ce2af%26%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%20%D0%9D%D0%9A%D0%A0%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%2C%20%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%20%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%20-%20%D0%B2%20%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%20%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%20%D0%BE%D1%82%20%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B8%262020-10-29T15%3A38%3A16.880Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:083b4e4a-bb84-48ca-8f7b-15c5cd831799&pinned_post_asset_id=5f9ae1e749467302d61ce2af&pinned_post_type=share|title=Глава НКР заявил, что азербайджанская армия – в пяти километрах от Шуши|date=29 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020|publisher=BBC Russian Service|language=ru}}</ref> On 8 November 2020, Azerbaijani forces [[Battle of Shusha (2020)|seized Shusha]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ft.com/content/c9dab829-3b4a-4464-a0c3-4d5c51aa1b0e|title= Azerbaijan captures strategic city in Nagorno-Karabakh|date=9 November 2020|publisher=Financial Times}}</ref> the second-largest city in Artsakh before the war, located 15 kilometers from [[Stepanakert]], the republic's capital.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hovhannisyan|first1=Nvard|last2=Bagirova|first2=Nailia|date=2020-11-09|title=Fierce fighting in Nagorno-Karabakh after Azeris say they advance|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan/fighting-rages-around-strategic-city-in-nagorno-karabakh-armenia-says-idUSKBN27P1FL |access-date=2020-11-09}}</ref> === Ceasefire agreement === {{main|2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement}} [[File:2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire map.svg|thumb|upright=1.2|Map of the ceasefire agreement {{legend|#B0EBA1|Azerbaijan outside of the conflict zone}} {{legend|#FFB380|Armenia}} {{legend|#37C871|Areas recaptured by Azerbaijan during the war, to stay under its control}} {{legend|#AFE9DD|[[Agdam District]]: evacuated by Armenia by 20 November<ref name="DW-NK">{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/nagorno-karabakh-azeri-army-enters-first-territory-ceded-by-armenia/a-55671735|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Azeri army enters first territory ceded by Armenia|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]|website=[[DW.com]]|date=20 November 2020|access-date=23 November 2020|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="AlJ-NK">{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/20/azerbaijan-army-enters-district-handed-over-by-armenia|title=Azerbaijan enters Nagorno-Karabakh district after peace deal|publisher=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]|website=[[aljazeera.com|AlJazeera.com]]|date=20 November 2020|access-date=23 November 2020|df=dmy-all}}</ref>}} {{legend|#87DECD|[[Kalbajar District]]: evacuated by Armenia by 25 November<ref name="RadioFree">{{cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/azerbaijani-forces-enter-second-district-returned-by-armenia-under-nagorno-karabakh-truce/30967755.html|title=Azerbaijani Forces Reclaim Second District From Armenians Under Nagorno-Karabakh Truce|website=[[RFERL.org]]|publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]|language=en|date=25 November 2020|access-date=25 November 2020|df=dmy-all}}</ref>}} {{legend|#D7F4EE|[[Lachin District]]: evacuated by Armenia by 1 December<ref name="enteredlachin">{{cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/azerbaijani-forces-enter-third-district-under-nagorno-karabakh-truce/30977052.html |title=Azerbaijani Forces Enter Third District Under Nagorno-Karabakh Truce |language=en |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 December 2020 |website=[[RFERL.org]] |publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] }}</ref>}} {{legend|#FFCCAA|Part of [[Nagorno-Karabakh]] with no scheduled cession to Azerbaijan}} {{legend|#BA8895|Lachin corridor, monitored by Russian peacekeepers}} {{legend-line|darkred solid 2px|Access roads into Nagorno-Karabakh}} {{legend-line|lightgreen solid 2px|New Azerbaijani transport corridor to be established}} {{legend-line|black dotted 2px|[[Nagorno-Karabakh Line of Contact|Line of contact]] before the 2020 conflict.}} {{legend-line|black dashed 1.5px|Other areas claimed by Artsakh}} ]] On 9 November 2020, in the aftermath of the capture of Shusha, a ceasefire agreement was signed by the President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, the Prime Minister of Armenia, Nikol Pashinyan, and the President of Russia, Vladimir Putin, ending all hostilities in the zone of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict from 10 November 2020, 00:00 Moscow time.<ref name="RIANovosti"/><ref name="RIA Novosti"/><ref name=":18"/> The President of Artsakh, Arayik Harutyunyan, also agreed to end the hostilities.<ref name="ria.ru"/> Under the terms of the deal, both belligerent parties were to exchange prisoners of war and the bodies of the fallen. Furthermore, Armenian forces were to withdraw from Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh by 1 December 2020, while a peacekeeping force, provided by the [[Russian Ground Forces]] and led by Lieutenant General [[Rustam Muradov]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.turan.az/ext/news/2020/11/free/politics%20news/en/129784.htm|title=General Rustam Muradov is appointed Commander of Russian peacekeepers in Karabakh|date=11 November 2020|access-date=11 November 2020|publisher=Turan Information Agency}}</ref> of just under 2,000 soldiers would be deployed for a minimum of five years along the line of contact and the Lachin corridor linking Armenia and the Nagorno-Karabakh region. Additionally, Armenia undertook to "guarantee safety" of passage between Azerbaijan′s [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchivan]] exclave and mainland Azerbaijan in both directions, while Russia′s [[Border Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation|border troops]] (under the [[Federal Security Service]]) were to "exercise control over the transport communication".<ref name="kremlinagreem">{{cite news|date=10 November 2020|title=Заявление Президента Азербайджанской Республики, Премьер-министра Республики Армения и Президента Российской Федерации|publisher=[[Kremlin.ru]]|language=ru|url=http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/64384|access-date=15 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="peace2">{{cite web|date=10 November 2020|title=Пашинян заявляет о подписании мирного соглашения |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54686682?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fa9bb8967645202b6c4e0c2%26%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BD%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82%20%D0%BE%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%262020-11-09T21%3A58%3A34.129Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:cff55216-dfba-4dc6-9a6a-bdf38d9793c7&pinned_post_asset_id=5fa9bb8967645202b6c4e0c2&pinned_post_type=share|access-date=10 November 2020|publisher=BBC Russian Service|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=10 November 2020|title=Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia sign Nagorno-Karabakh peace deal|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54882564|access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref> On December 15, 2020, after several weeks of cease fire, the sides finally exchanged prisoners of war. 44 Armenian and 12 Azeri prisoners were exchanged.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Armenia, Azerbaijan exchange first prisoners after war|url=https://news.yahoo.com/armenia-azerbaijan-exchange-first-prisoners-143236612.html|access-date=2020-12-15|website=news.yahoo.com|language=en-US}}</ref> It's unclear if more prisoners remain in captivity on either side. === Non-military actions taken by Armenia and Azerbaijan === Since the beginning of the conflict, both Armenia and Azerbaijan declared [[martial law]], limiting the [[freedom of speech]]. Meanwhile, a new law came into effect since October 2020 in Armenia, which prohibits negative coverage of the situation at the front.<ref>{{cite web|first=Dimitri|last=Avaliani|url=https://jam-news.net/karabakh-conflict-news-information-war-journalists-armenia-azerbaijan/|title=The (dis)information war around Karabakh|date=28 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020|publisher=JAM News}}</ref> Restrictions have been reported on the work of international journalists in Azerbaijan, with no corresponding restrictions reported in Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-08|title='France is no longer an honest broker', say Azeri officials ahead of Nagorno-Karabakh talks |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20201008-france-is-no-longer-an-honest-broker-say-azeri-officials-ahead-of-nagorno-karabakh-talks|access-date=2020-10-21|publisher=France 24}}</ref> ==== Armenia ==== [[File:Broadcasting events of the frontline. Republic Square, Yerevan, Armenia.jpg|thumb|right|A pro-military billboard in [[Republic Square, Yerevan|Republic Square]], [[Yerevan]] on 7 October 2020.]] On 28 September 2020, Armenia banned men aged over 18 listed in the mobilization reserve from leaving the country.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://tass.com/armeniaazerbaij-conflict/1206133|title=Armenian cabinet bans all men from mobilization reserve aged over 18 from leaving state|website=tass.com|agency=TASS|access-date=28 September 2020|date=28 September 2020|archive-date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929044004/https://tass.com/armeniaazerbaij-conflict/1206133|url-status=live}}</ref> The next day, it postponed the trial of former President [[Robert Kocharyan]] and other former officials charged in the 2008 post-election unrest case, owing to one of the defendants, the former Defence Minister of Armenia, [[Seyran Ohanyan]], going to Artsakh during the conflict.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029400.html|title=Kocharyan trial delayed as indicted ex-defense minister Seyran Ohanyan heads to Artsakh amid attack|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|access-date=29 September 2020|date=29 September 2020|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930163710/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029400.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On 1 October 2020, the [[National Security Service (Armenia)|Armenian National Security Service]] (NSS) stated that it had arrested and charged a former high-ranking Armenian military official with treason on suspicion of spying for Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029750.html|title=Armenia ex-military official charged with high treason on suspicion of spying for Azeri intelligence |website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|date=1 October 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-date=3 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003145424/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029750.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Three days later, the NSS stated that it had arrested several foreign citizens on suspicion of spying.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1030334.html|title=NSS Armenia arrests foreign citizens on intelligence suspicions|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|date=4 October 2020 |access-date=4 October 2020|archive-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004220058/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1030334.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Protesting [[Israel]]i [[Defense industry of Israel|arms sales]] to Azerbaijan, Armenia has recalled its ambassador to Israel.<ref>{{cite news|date=1 October 2020|title=Armenia recalls ambassador to Israel over arms sales to Azerbaijan|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-israel/armenia-recalls-ambassador-to-israel-over-arms-sales-to-azerbaijan-idUSKBN26M76L|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009224731/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-israel/armenia-recalls-ambassador-to-israel-over-arms-sales-to-azerbaijan-idUSKBN26M76L|url-status=live}}</ref> On 8 October 2020, the [[President of Armenia|Armenian President]], [[Armen Sarkissian]], dismissed the director of the NSS.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1030826.html|title=Director of Armenia's National Security Service dismissed|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|access-date=8 October 2020|date=8 October 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011140742/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1030826.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Subsequently, the Armenian government toughened the martial law and prohibited criticizing state bodies and "propaganda aimed at disruption of the defense capacity of the country".<ref name="armenianmartiallaw">{{cite web|url=https://jam-news.net/armenia-spy-caught-martial-law-toughened/ |title=Stepanakert man detained after convincing soldiers to forfeit positions to Azerbaijani army|publisher=Jam News|date=9 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011140742/https://jam-news.net/armenia-spy-caught-martial-law-toughened/|url-status=live}}</ref> On the same day, the Armenian MoD canceled ''a [[Novaya Gazeta]]'' correspondent's journalistic accreditation, officially for entering Nagorno-Karabakh without accreditation.<ref name="novayagazeta">{{cite web|url=https://meduza.io/amp/news/2020/10/08/mid-armenii-lishil-akkreditatsii-zhurnalista-novoy-gazety-ilyu-azara-posle-reportazha-iz-nagornogo-karabaha|title=МИД Армении лишил аккредитации журналиста "Новой газеты" Илью Азара после репортажа из Нагорного Карабаха |website=meduza.io|date=8 October 2020|access-date=8 October 2020|language=ru|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008203958/https://meduza.io/amp/news/2020/10/08/mid-armenii-lishil-akkreditatsii-zhurnalista-novoy-gazety-ilyu-azara-posle-reportazha-iz-nagornogo-karabaha|url-status=live}}</ref> On 9 October 2020, Armenia tightened its security legislation.<ref name="armenianmartiallaw"/> On 21 October 2020, the Armenian Cabinet of Ministers temporarily banned the import of [[Economy of Turkey|Turkish goods]], the decision will come into force on 31 December 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20201021/armeniya-1580851789.html |title=Правительство Армении запретило импорт турецких товаров|publisher=RIA Novosti|date=21 October 2020|access-date=21 October 2020 |language=ru}}</ref> The following day, the [[National Assembly (Armenia)|Armenian parliament]] passed a law to write off the debts of the Armenian servicemen wounded during the clashes and the debts of the families of those killed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jam-news.net/debts-have-been-written-off-for-the-families-of-servicemen-they-have-also-received-compensation/|title=Debt write-offs for soldiers' families and tax breaks for military service in Armenia|publisher=JAM News|date=22 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> On 27 October 2020, the Armenian president Armen Sarkissian dismissed the head of the counterintelligence department of the National Security Service, Major General Hovhannes Karumyan and the chief of staff of the border troops of the National Security Service Gagik Tevosyan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54686682?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f981b6249467302d61cdf75%26%D0%92%20%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%20%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B8%20%D0%B8%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%262020-10-27T13%3A06%3A43.560Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:6b5f42eb-3695-495e-8f64-5b11e65e4b10&pinned_post_asset_id=5f981b6249467302d61cdf75&pinned_post_type=share|title=В Армении уволены начальник контрразведки и начштаба погранохраны|publisher=BBC Russian Service|date=27 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020|language=ru}}</ref> On 8 November 2020, Sarkissian yet again dismissed the interim head of the National Security Service.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54686682?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fa7ea3249467302d61cf875%26%D0%92%20%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%20%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%20%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%20%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B8%262020-11-08T13%3A12%3A37.907Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:ad1d9282-5442-4b27-821e-159945577a65&pinned_post_asset_id=5fa7ea3249467302d61cf875&pinned_post_type=share|title=В Армении снова уволен глава контрразведки|publisher=BBC Russian Service|date=8 November 2020|access-date=8 November 2020|language=ru}}</ref> As of 8 November 2020, one Armenian activist was fined by the police for his anti-war post.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://oc-media.org/armenian-police-fine-peace-activist-over-anti-war-post/?fbclid=IwAR1H9jdP14q5IghiLF6mmHgK_zHcuu3bzzUaDuu0EpA0Ao1gXjhPvyCss2U|title=Armenian police fine peace activist over anti-war post|publisher=OC Media|date=8 November 2020|access-date=8 November 2020}}</ref> ==== Azerbaijan ==== [[File:Azerbaijani flag in Baku during the conflict in Karabakh 30 (edited).jpg|thumb|right|[[Flag of Azerbaijan|Azerbaijani flag]] in Jafar Jabbarly Square near the [[28 May (Baku Metro)|28 May]] station in [[Baku]] on 10 October 2020.]] On 27 September 2020, Azerbaijani authorities restricted internet access shortly after the clashes began,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://tvrain.ru/news/vlasti_azerbajdzhana_ogranichili_dostup_k_internetu_posle_obstrelov_v_karabahe-516731/|title=Власти Азербайджана ограничили доступ к интернету после обстрелов в Карабахе |website=tvrain.ru|publisher=Dozhd|date=27 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020|language=ru|archive-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004151626/https://tvrain.ru/news/vlasti_azerbajdzhana_ogranichili_dostup_k_internetu_posle_obstrelov_v_karabahe-516731/|url-status=live}}</ref> stating it was "in order to prevent large-scale Armenian provocations." The government made a noticeable push to use [[Twitter]], which was the only unblocked platform in the country. Despite the restrictions, some Azerbaijanis still used [[Virtual private network|VPN]]s to bypass.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/12/04/while-armenia-azerbaijan-fought-over-nagorno-karabakh-their-citizens-battled-social-media/|title=While Armenia and Azerbaijan fought over Nagorno-Karabakh, their citizens battled on social media|work=[[The Washington Post]]|date=4 December 2020|access-date=6 December 2020}}</ref> The [[National Assembly (Azerbaijan)|National Assembly of Azerbaijan]] declared a curfew in [[Baku]], [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]], [[Goygol District|Goygol]], [[Yevlakh District|Yevlakh]] and a number of districts from midnight on 28 September 2020,<ref>{{cite web|title=Azərbaycanda komendant saatı elan olundu|url=https://www.azerbaycan24.com/azerbaycanda-komendant-saati-elan-olundu/|website=azerbaycan24.com|access-date=27 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927135515/https://www.azerbaycan24.com/azerbaycanda-komendant-saati-elan-olundu/ |archive-date=27 September 2020|language=az|date=27 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Bu gecədən komendant saatı elan olunur|url=https://aqreqator.az/az/siyaset/1029826|website=aqreqator.az|access-date=27 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927135427/https://aqreqator.az/az/siyaset/1029826|archive-date=27 September 2020|language=az|date=27 September 2020}}</ref> under the Interior Minister, [[Vilayet Eyvazov]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Vilayat-Eyvazov-appointed-commandant-of-areas-where-curfew-is-applied-colorred-ORDERcolor-331394|title=Vilayat Eyvazov appointed commandant of areas where curfew is applied|website=apa.az|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}{{Dead link|date=October 2020|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> [[Azerbaijan Airlines]] announced that all airports in Azerbaijan would be closed to regular passenger flights until 30 September 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.azal.az/az/offer/549|title=Mətbuat xidmətinin məlumatı |website=azal.az |publisher=Azerbaijan Airlines |access-date=28 September 2020 |language=az|date=28 September 2020 |archive-date=6 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706180846/https://www.azal.az/az/offer/549|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Military Prosecutor's Offices of Fizuli, Tartar, Karabakh and Ganja began criminal investigations of war and other crimes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genprosecutor.gov.az/az/post/2785|title=Mətbuat xidmətinin MƏLUMATI – cəbhədəki son vəziyyət|website=genprosecutor.gov.az|publisher=Prosecutor General's Office of Azerbaijan|access-date=28 September 2020|language=az|date=27 September 2020|archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928071020/https://genprosecutor.gov.az/az/post/2785 |url-status=live}}</ref> Also on 28 September 2020, the President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, issued a decree authorising a partial mobilization in Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mincom.gov.az/en/view/news/992/order-of-the-president-of-the-republic-of-azerbaijan-on-the-announcement-of-partial-mobilization-in-the-republic-of-azerbaijan|title=Order of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the announcement of partial mobilization in the Republic of Azerbaijan|publisher=Ministry of Transport, Communications and High Technologies (Azerbaijan)|access-date=12 October 2020|date=28 September 2020}}</ref> On 8 October 2020, Azerbaijan recalled its ambassador to [[Greece]] for consultations, following allegations of [[Armenians in Greece|Armenians from Greece]] arriving in Nagorno-Karabakh to fight against Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ekathimerini.com/257836/article/ekathimerini/news/azerbaijan-recalls-its-ambassador-to-greece-for-consultations|title=Azerbaijan recalls its ambassador to Greece for consultations |website=ekathimerini.com|access-date=8 October 2020|date=8 October 2020}}</ref> Three days later, the [[State Security Service (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijani State Security Service (SSS)]] warned against a potential Armenian-backed terror attack.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.azernews.az/aggression/170802.html|title=State Security Service issues warning over Armenian terror threat|publisher=AzerNews|access-date=29 October 2020|date=16 October 2020}}</ref> On 17 October 2020, the Azerbaijani MoFA stated that member of the [[State Duma|Russian State Duma]] from the ruling [[United Russia]], [[Vitaly Milonov]], was declared ''[[persona non grata]]'' in [[List of people declared personae non gratae in Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]] for visiting Nagorno-Karabakh without permission from the Azerbaijani government.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://report.az/ru/nagorno-karabakhskiy-konflikt/deputatu-gosdumy-zapretili-vezd-v-azerbajdzhan/|title=Депутату Госдумы запретили въезд в Азербайджан|agency=Report Information Agency|access-date=16 October 2020|language=ru|date=16 October 2020}}</ref> On 24 October 2020, by recommendation of the [[Central Bank of Azerbaijan]], the member banks of the Azerbaijani Banks' Association unanimously adopted a decision to write off the debts of the military servicemen and civilians who died during the conflict.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Consumer-credits-of-our-martyred-military-servicemen-and-civilian-citizens-who-sustained-damage-as-result-of-enemy-provocation-to-be-completely-written-off-333780|title=Consumer credits of our martyred military servicemen and civilian citizens who sustained damage as result of enemy provocation to be completely written off|website=apa.az|access-date=16 October 2020|date=16 October 2020}}</ref> On 29 October 2020, the President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, issued a decree on the formation of temporary commandant's offices in the areas that the Azerbaijani forces seized control of during the conflict. According to the decree, the commandants will be appointed by the [[Ministry of Internal Affairs (Azerbaijan)|Ministry of Internal Affairs]], but they will have to coordinate with other executive bodies of the government, including [[Ministry of Defence (Azerbaijan)|Ministry of Defense]], the [[State Border Service (Azerbaijan)|State Border Service]], the [[State Security Service (Azerbaijan)|State Security Service]], and [[ANAMA]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://president.az/articles/44886|title=Azərbaycan Respublikasının işğaldan azad olunmuş ərazilərində müvəqqəti xüsusi idarəetmənin təşkili haqqında Azərbaycan Respublikası Prezidentinin Fərmanı|first=Ilham|last=Aliyev|author-link=Ilham Aliyev|website=president.az|publisher=Presidential Administration of Azerbaijan|date=29 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020 |language=az}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54686682?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f9ad00667645202b6c4c77c%26%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%20%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82%20%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%262020-10-29T14%3A21%3A59.656Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:5370b84f-3e8a-43ec-9afd-c8cfee40a0b3&pinned_post_asset_id=5f9ad00667645202b6c4c77c&pinned_post_type=share|title=Азербайджан создает комендатуры отвоеванных районов|publisher=BBC Russian Service|date=29 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020|language=ru}}</ref> On 31 October 2020, after gaining control of the territories on the border with Iran, Azerbaijan has established control over four more border posts.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mil.in.ua/uk/news/azerbajdzhan-vidnovyv-shhe-chotyry-prykordonni-zastavy/|title=Azerbaijan has restored four more border posts|date=2020-10-31|website=mil.in.ua|publisher=Ukrainian military portal|access-date=2020-10-31}}</ref> By 4 November 2020, six peace activists from Azerbaijan have been called to questioning by the State Security Service, due to their anti-war activism in Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2020/1029/In-Azerbaijan-and-Armenia-a-brave-few-call-for-end-to-fighting|title=In Azerbaijan and Armenia, a brave few call for end to fighting|publisher=The Christian Science Monitor|date=31 October 2020|access-date=5 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Azerbaijani peace activists called for questioning|url=https://oc-media.org/azerbaijani-peace-activists-called-for-questioning/|publisher=OC Media|date=13 October 2020|access-date=2 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=28 September 2020|title=Anti-war activist detained by Azerbaijani security service|url=https://oc-media.org/anti-war-activist-detained-by-azerbaijani-security-service/|access-date=2 November 2020|publisher=C Media}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Live updates: Day 37 of war in Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://oc-media.org/live-updates-day-37-of-war-in-nagorno-karabakh/|publisher=OC Media|date=2 November 2020|access-date=2 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://oc-media.org/live-updates-day-39-of-war-in-nagorno-karabakh/|title=Live updates: Day 39 of war in Nagorno-Karabakh|publisher=OC Media|date=4 November 2020|access-date=5 November 2020}}</ref> On 12 December, a decree by President Aliyev lifted the curfew that had been imposed in September.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.trend.az/azerbaijan/society/3348700.html|title=С сегодняшнего дня в Азербайджане отменен комендантский час|publisher=[[Trend News Agency|Trend]]| language=ru| access-date =11 December 2020}}</ref> == Aftermath == === Armenia === [[File:Protests in Yerevan against the 2020 ceasefire agreement in Nagorno-Karabakh.jpg|thumb|[[2020 Armenian protests|Protests]] in [[Yerevan]] against the Armenian prime minister Nikol Pashinyan on 18 November.]] Shortly after the news about the [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement|signing the ceasefire agreement]] broke in the early hours of 10 November, [[2020 Armenian protests|violent protests]] erupted in [[Armenia]] against [[Nikol Pashinyan]], claiming he was a "traitor" for having accepted the peace deal.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kramer|first=Andrew E.|date=2020-11-10|title=Facing Military Debacle, Armenia Accepts a Deal in Nagorno-Karabakh War|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/09/world/middleeast/armenia-settlement-nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan.html|access-date=2020-11-10 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Protesters also seized the parliament building by breaking a metal door, and pulled the [[President of the National Assembly of Armenia]] [[Ararat Mirzoyan]] from a car and beat him.<ref>{{cite web|date=10 November 2020|title=Протестующие в Ереване избили спикера парламента Армении|url=https://ria.ru/20201110/armeniya-1583852881.html|access-date=11 November 2020|website=РИА Новости|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Demonstrators seized the building of the Armenian parliament|url=https://www.interfax.ru/world/736343|access-date=2020-11-11|website=interfax.ru|language=ru}}</ref> Throughout November, numerous Armenian officials resigned from their posts, including the Armenian minister of foreign affairs, [[Zohrab Mnatsakanyan]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/world/2020/11/16/Armenia-s-foreign-minister-resigns-week-after-ceasefire-deal-with-Azerbaijan |title=Armenia's foreign minister resigns week after ceasefire deal with Azerbaijan |work=[[Al-Arabiya]] |date=16 November 2020 |access-date=16 December 2020 |language=en }}</ref> the minister of defence, [[David Tonoyan]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/20/armenian-defence-minister-tenders-resignation-says-aravot-daily |title=Armenian defence minister tenders resignation: Report |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=16 December 2020 |language=en }}</ref> head of the same ministry’s military control service, [[Movses Hakobyan]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1035242/ |title=Head of Armenian defense ministry’s military control service resigns |work=[[Armenpress]] |date=18 November 2020 |access-date=16 December 2020 |language=en }}</ref> and the spokesman of Armenia's Defense Ministry, [[Artsrun Hovhannisyan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news.az/news/official-representative-of-armenias-defense-ministry-resigns|title=Official representative of Armenia's Defense Ministry resigns|date=12 November 2020}}</ref> After the ceasefire agreement was signed, President [[Armen Sarksyan]] held a meeting with [[Karekin II]], where they both made a call to declare 22 November as the Day of Remembrance of the Heroes who fell for the Defense of the Motherland in the Artsakh Liberation War.<ref>{{Cite web|title=November 22 declared a Day of Remembrance of fallen soldiers|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/11/13/president-catholicos-call-to-declare-november-22-as-day-of-remembrance-of-fallen-soldiers/|access-date=2020-11-13|website=Public Radio of Armenia|language=en-US}}</ref> On 16 November, he declared that snap parliamentary elections and Pashinyan’s resignation were inevitable, proposing that a process be overseen and managed by an interim "National Accord Government".<ref>http://asbarez.com/198526/governments-resignation-and-snap-elections-are-inevitable-says-president/?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=54effa186d9281db58bb07f20b391419d2258afd-1605661421-0-Ad5gvCc5DcDa39gcFgB5oHzDDI1Daus2B1gDuhMWAq-_kRk8aZqUbb9oPFFYW_H751U27NjeMErHugjskezGtl4H-7uyIry6CEgsu5iDTrCO_xT1l4DuJsPbJZZaxxQ_8QLwvTfkyrzS0Uy8yM2tHjeYi-7qo4u7HbT7e0xteEsT02mVIL_dqMx6qokOyxMPD0yeSIi5aPhz4C2F2Bg2zu1ryczef1etI1O1eU5nOIuEzu_nYtFLrkZ1eQoHEy1Iv4dQhjFOPvRVqcy6epSJKp4cHz9YmUPFYbCGuLbQWikKDMpS8vSQoYmlFH2bPzzwxpENaz2ZfGHVt_tpzWJVgz_4nkaP9GsEuhjzKvshg89TIK7P7URKFb0Zam6wRLMTgCQBnlTrkcI8gt6RrJOsvA8ZUynt1LCJ5fWkYV0A40Kr</ref> On 10 December, the Armenian media reported that an Azerbaijani citizen was detained at night near [[Berdavan, Armenia|Berdavan]] in [[Tavush Province]]. It was reported that an Azerbaijani civilian was observed in Berdavan between 4:00 and 5:00 in the morning. The executive head of Berdavan, Smbat Mugdesyan, said that the [[National Security Service (Armenia)|NSS]] had taken him away and that he did not know other details. According to the Armenian media, a criminal case was opened against the detained citizen on suspicion of illegally crossing to the [[Armenia–Azerbaijan border|Armenian state border]]. The name of the detained Azerbaijani was not disclosed. According to the ''BBC Azerbaijani Service'', Azerbaijan's [[Ministry of Internal Affairs (Azerbaijan)|Internal Affairs]], [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Azerbaijan)|Foreign Affairs]] and [[Ministry of Defence (Azerbaijan)|Defence]] Ministries said they had no information about the incident.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/azerbaijan-55270879 |title=Bu günün xəbərləri: Ermənistanda "Azərbaycan vətəndaşı saxlanılıb", hərbi vəziyyət ləğv edilir, Azərbaycan Türkiyədən avtobus alır |date=11 December 2020 |access-date=11 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> On 12 December, the Azerbaijani trucks, accompanied by the [[International Committee of the Red Cross]] and the Russian peacekeepers, entered [[Davit Bek, Armenia|David Bek]] in [[Syunik Province]] of Armenia to pick up the bodies of fallen soldiers. The Armenian officials refuted the media reports of Azerbaijani vehicles entered [[Goris]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/267701/ |title=Власти Гориса заверили, что по городу не разъезжают машины с азербайджанскими номерами |date=12 December 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=Armenian Report |language=ru }}</ref> On 16 December, the family members of the missing Armenian soldiers gathered in front of the Armenian ministry of defence building. Demanding information about their loved ones, they were not allowed into the building, and the Armenian military representatives didn't responded to them either. This was followed by a scuffle, when the family members of the missing Armenian soldiers broke through to the building.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/268038/ |title=Родители без вести пропавших солдат прорвались к зданию МО, минуя КПП |date=16 December 2020 |access-date=16 December 2020 |language=ru |work=Armenian Report }}</ref> === Azerbaijan === [[File:Azerbaijani people celebrating victory in Karabakh. Sheikh Shamil street.jpg|thumb|Celebrations in [[Baku]], Azerbaijan after the peace treaty.]] The peace agreement and the end of the war was seen as a victory and was widely celebrated in Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web|last=Agency|first=Anadolu|date=2020-11-10|title=Euphoric Azerbaijanis celebrate "victorious" Nagorno-Karabakh peace deal|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/euphoric-azerbaijanis-celebrate-victorious-nagorno-karabakh-peace-deal/news|access-date=2020-11-10|website=Daily Sabah}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Dixon|first=Robyn|date=10 November 2020|title=Cease-fire in Nagorno-Karabakh provokes protests in Armenia, celebrations in Azerbaijan|newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/nagorno-karabakh-ceasefire-armenia-russia-azerbaijan/2020/11/10/b1b9bcc0-231b-11eb-9c4a-0dc6242c4814_story.html|access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref> On 10 November 2020, crowds waved flags in [[Baku]] after the peace deal was announced.<ref>{{cite news|date=2020-11-10|title=Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia sign Nagorno-Karabakh peace deal|work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54882564|access-date=2020-11-11}}</ref> On 11 November, the [[President of Azerbaijan]], [[Ilham Aliyev]], at a meeting with wounded Azerbaijani servicemen who took part in the war, said that new orders and medals would be established in Azerbaijan, and that he gave appropriate instructions on awarding civilians and servicemen who showed "heroism on the battlefield and in the rear and distinguished themselves in this war." He also proposed the names of these orders and medals.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.president.az/articles/46142 |title=Ilham Aliyev and First Lady Mehriban Aliyeva met with servicemen undergoing treatment at Clinical Medical Center 1 |date=11 November 2020 |access-date=22 November 2020 |work=[[President of Azerbaijan|President.az]] |publisher=[[Presidential Administration of Azerbaijan]] |language=en }}</ref> About a week later, at a plenary session of the [[National Assembly (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijani National Assembly]], a draft law on amendments to the law "On the establishment of orders and medals of the Republic of Azerbaijan" was submitted for discussion.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.president.az/articles/46142 |title=Vətən Müharibəsində qələbə münasibətilə Azərbaycan Respublikasının orden və medallarının təsis edilməsi ilə əlaqədar "Azərbaycan Respublikasının orden və medallarının təsis edilməsi haqqında" Azərbaycan Respublikasının Qanununda dəyişiklik edilməsi barədə AZƏRBAYCAN RESPUBLİKASININ QANUNU |trans-title=LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN on amendments to the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan "On the establishment of orders and medals of the Republic of Azerbaijan" in connection with the establishment of orders and medals of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the occasion of victory in the Great Patriotic War |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=22 November 2020 |publisher=[[National Assembly (Azerbaijan)|National Assembly of Azerbaijan]] |language=az }}</ref> Seventeen new orders and medals were established on the same day in the first reading in accordance with the bill "On the establishment of orders and medals of the Republic of Azerbaijan".<ref name="parliament">{{Cite web |url=http://armiya.az/ru/news/166994 |title=Парламент Азербайджана утвердил в первом чтении законопроект об учреждении новых орденов и медалей Отечественной войны |trans-title=The Parliament of Azerbaijan approved in the first reading the bill on the establishment of new orders and medals of the Patriotic War |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=22 November 2020 |work=Armiya.az |language=ru }}</ref> On 12 November, the [[Ministry of Internal Affairs (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijani Ministry of Internal Affairs]] stated that it had moved the [[Shusha]] police department, which was previously located in [[Tartar District]], into [[Shusha]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/az/hadise/Susa-Polis-Sobsi-Susa-shrin-kocurulub-komendant-tyin-olunub-614886 |title=Şuşa Polis Şöbəsi Şuşa şəhərinə köçürülüb, komendant təyin olunub |date=12 November 2020 |access-date=24 November 2020 |work=[[Azeri Press Agency]] |language=az }}</ref> while on 14 November, the control of the [[Madagiz|Sugovushan reservoir]] was transferred to the [[Ministry of Emergency Situations (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijani Ministry of Emergency Situations]] from the military.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news.az/news/mes-takes-sughovushan-reservoir-under-protection?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=b90ab15c6364aca4de683bb85cd1f0de2d414772-1605617604-0-AdeJbnoCWC_OqhzZnf3YkLurMnrPF6tRhR3SbMsHkUNy5zcX8-EhZeTdacOjuKsJeW2tByn3VruvfajJW2s9we44-QVFM0L-PeBPe6VeMXCNdPZL-Nw9f8dSfKZ94nzTPRDrWAwYMSt6kOqu9XRVPrBknzYWCplemcqFEYYujRki75bQKDfpYf1_f1g_DF9b2u-Mk04_YS_xmElLKNZmvJ9K19M2ew-PS77YyYWeCw-WUsfqe9OOyFsTUiLjkmV4wqZmAYHYLwFKysyHvuClxH-Ib2A8yCu36qWJOT3IgqkJcMEcBhCeXvjTQ7Zv5L2XR_dGmB90N6uFdGhwlBZzzIzALmJ0q-1aKoNkhqQOIblkGrqI74eos9_zV6gqQ_NbCSF5S5fk1VfqosMqeoMpuBfAr3i7zLhmVIAajxmGNRr_h0yUfdEO6CZ2Z6ri37e5_A |title=MES takes Sugovushan Reservoir under protection |date=14 November 2020 |access-date=24 November 2020 |work=News.az |language=en }}</ref> On 15 November, the [[Armenian Apostolic Church]] claimed that Ghazanchetsots Cathedral had been defaced after the Azerbaijani forces took control of Shusha, prompting a statement by the Armenian Foreign Ministry denouncing the act; the Azerbaijani president Aliyev issued a statement saying that the Christian churches would be protected.<ref name="heintz-delay">{{cite news|last1=Heintz|first1=Jim|date=15 November 2020|title=Azerbaijan delays takeover, denounces fleeing Armenians|work=AP News|agency=AP|url=https://apnews.com/article/peacekeeping-forces-azerbaijan-russia-vladimir-putin-armenia-07679eadaeb535be478331e6113463c9|access-date=15 November 2020}}</ref> Also, on December 1, Azerbaijan's First Deputy [[Ministry of Culture (Azerbaijan)|Minister of Culture]], Acting Minister [[Anar Karimov]], told ''France24'' that Karabakh's Christian cultural heritage would be protected by the government. Noting the Armenian [[Armenian Church, Baku|Saint Gregory the Illuminator Church in Baku]], Karimov stressed that the Christian religious monuments in Karabakh were "inherited from our ancestors."<ref>{{Cite web |first=Marc |last=Perelman |url=https://www.france24.com/en/tv-shows/the-interview/20201201-nagorno-karabakh-christian-sites-not-in-danger-of-destruction-says-azerbaijani-minister |title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Christian sites 'not in danger of destruction,' says Azerbaijan minister |date=1 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=France24 |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc725a065be0302b81c5330%26Anar%20K%C9%99rimov%3A%20%22Qaraba%C4%9Fdak%C4%B1%20xristian%20m%C9%99d%C9%99ni%20v%C9%99%20dini%20abid%C9%99l%C9%99r%20biz%C9%99%20%C9%99cdadlar%C4%B1m%C4%B1zdan%20qal%C4%B1b%20v%C9%99%20onlar%C4%B1%20qoruyuruq%22%262020-12-02T05%3A28%3A44.670Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:bf4bd763-1319-4c3e-90db-ae4b4a8dd423&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc725a065be0302b81c5330&pinned_post_type=share |title=Anar Kərimov: "Qarabağdakı xristian mədəni və dini abidələr bizə əcdadlarımızdan qalıb və onları qoruyuruq" |date=2 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> [[File:Ilham Aliyev in Fuzuli city in 16 November 2020 (2).jpg|thumb|right|President Ilham Aliyev visiting Fuzuli on 16 November.]] On mid-November, Aliyev and [[Vice President of Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan's First Vice-President]], [[Mehriban Aliyeva]], visited [[Fuzuli District|Fuzuli]] and [[Jabrayil District|Jabrayil]] Districts, both of which were ghost towns in ruins after the Armenian forces occupied it in 1993.<ref name="afpoccupation">{{Cite web |first=Tofik |last=Babayev |url=https://news.yahoo.com/azerbaijans-fizuli-ghost-town-karabakh-144520120.html |title=Azerbaijan's Fizuli a ghost town after Karabakh battles |date=19 November 2020 |access-date=24 November 2020 |work=[[Agence France-Presse]] |language=en }}</ref> Aliyev ordered the [[State Agency of Azerbaijan Automobile Roads]] to construct a new highway, starting from [[Alxanlı]], which will connect Fuzuli to [[Shusha]].<ref>{{Cite web |first=Mushvig |last=Mehdiyev |url=https://caspiannews.com/news-detail/azerbaijani-president-visits-liberated-districts-vows-to-rebuild-damaged-villages-and-cities-2020-11-18-49/ |title=Azerbaijani President Visits Liberated Districts, Vows to Rebuild Damaged Villages and Cities |date=19 November 2020 |access-date=24 November 2020 |work=Caspian News |language=en }}</ref> In Jabrayil, Aliyev stated that a "new master plan" will be drawn up to rebuild the city.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3336059.html |title=Victory monuments will be erected in all cities and life will return here – President of Azerbaijan |date=17 November 2020 |access-date=24 November 2020 |work=[[Trend News Agency]] |language=en }}</ref> He also visited the [[Khodaafarin Bridges]], in the border with Iran.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.president.az/articles/46840 |title=Ilham Aliyev and First Lady Mehriban Aliyeva visited liberated from occupation Fuzuli and Jabrayil districts, as well as Fuzuli and Jabrayil cities |date=16 November 2020 |access-date=24 November 2020 |work=[[President of Azerbaijan|President.az]] |publisher=[[Presidential Administration of Azerbaijan]] |language=en }}</ref> According to the Azerbaijani economist Toghrul Valiyev, fully reconstructing Jabrayil, Fuzuli, [[Zangilan]], and [[Qubadlı|Gubadly]], all which basically have no infrastructure left, would likely take 10 years and cost about $15 billion.<ref name="reconstruct">{{Cite web |first=Ulkar |last=Natiqqizi |url=https://eurasianet.org/azerbaijan-starts-rebuilding-in-newly-won-territories |title=Azerbaijan starts rebuilding in newly won territories |date=19 November 2020 |access-date=24 November 2020 |work=[[Eurasianet]] |language=en }}</ref> According to the head of the NGO Humanitarian Research Public Union, Avaz Hasanov, Azerbaijan will also likely try to attract private financing for the reconstruction.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/356403/ |title=Аналитики в Баку оценили затраты на послевоенное восстановление территорий |trans-title=Analysts in Baku estimate the costs of post-war restoration of territories |date=12 November 2020 |access-date=24 November 2020 |work=[[Caucasian Knot]] |language=ru }}</ref> Meanwhile, [[Azerbaijan Railways]] also announced its plans to rebuild the rail line connecting [[Stepanakert]] to [[Yevlakh]].<ref name="reconstruct" /> On 18 November, the Azerbaijani MP Tahir Mirkishili stated that a consortium was formed between the state-owned Azergold and a foreign company to mine for gold in Zangilan, [[Vejnəli]], and [[Kalbajar]].<ref>{{Cite web |first=Huseyn |last=Veliyev |url=https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan_energy_and_industry/Azerbaijan-signs-contracts-for-drilling-operations-at-gold-deposits-in-Zangelan-and-Kalbajar-335753 |title=Azerbaijan signs contracts for drilling operations at gold deposits in Zangelan and Kalbajar |date=18 November 2020 |access-date=24 November 2020 |work=[[Azeri Press Agency]] |language=en }}</ref> Also, [[PASHA Holding|PASHA Bank]] and [[Kapital Bank]] announced that they plan to open new branches across the region.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Ayya |last=Lmahamad |url=https://www.azernews.az/business/172798.html |title=More banks to open branches on Azerbaijan's liberated territories |date=17 November 2020 |access-date=24 November 2020 |work=AzerNews |language=en }}</ref> Meanwhile, organizers of the [[Turkvision Song Contest]] stated that they were exploring the possibility of holding the contest's 2021 version in Shusha.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Shafiga |last=Nazimgizi |url=https://report.az/en/cultural-policy/shusha-may-host-turkvision-song-contest/ |title=Shusha may host Turkvision Song Contest |date=18 November 2020 |access-date=24 November 2020 |work=[[Report Information Agency]] |language=en }}</ref> On 23 November, the units of the State Fire Control Service of the Azerbaijani Ministry of Emergency Situations started operating in several districts in Karabakh controlled by Azerbaijan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fbb751710a1c302d6fbe6bd%26FHN%3A%20%22D%C3%B6vl%C9%99t%20Yan%C4%9F%C4%B1n%20N%C9%99zar%C9%99ti%20Xidm%C9%99tinin%20yerli%20strukturlar%C4%B1%20i%C5%9F%C4%9Faldan%20azad%20olunmu%C5%9F%20%C9%99razil%C9%99rd%C9%99%20f%C9%99aliyy%C9%99t%C9%99%20ba%C5%9Flay%C4%B1b%22%262020-11-23T08%3A38%3A48.911Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:827cc73b-9b78-4010-bbf3-f6522c391a97&pinned_post_asset_id=5fbb751710a1c302d6fbe6bd&pinned_post_type=share |title=FHN: "Dövlət Yanğın Nəzarəti Xidmətinin yerli strukturları işğaldan azad olunmuş ərazilərdə fəaliyyətə başlayıb" |date=23 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> The next day, archeological finds in [[Azykh Cave]] were brought to Baku by the representatives of the Azerbaijani State Security Service and placed in the Archaeological Fund of the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography of [[Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences|ANAS]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fbccb8610a1c302d6fbe819%26Az%C4%B1x%20ma%C4%9Faras%C4%B1na%20aid%20arxeoloji%20tap%C4%B1nt%C4%B1lar%C4%B1n%20Bak%C4%B1ya%20g%C9%99tirildiyi%20bildirilib%262020-11-24T09%3A06%3A55%2B00%3A00&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:8a98e423-0a0f-4958-bf81-90af6797ecf3&pinned_post_asset_id=5fbccb8610a1c302d6fbe819&pinned_post_type=share |title=Azıx mağarasına aid arxeoloji tapıntıların Bakıya gətirildiyi bildirilib |date=24 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> On 25 November, the [[International Civil Aviation Organization]] (ICAO) approved the inclusion of six more Azerbaijani airports in the international spatial index catalog, including Aghdam, Fuzuli and [[Stepanakert Airport|Stepanakert]] airports. The codes of these airports will be added to the updated edition of the ICAO Registry, which will be published in December.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fbe8d9610a1c302d6fbeaa5%26A%C4%9Fdam%2C%20Fizuli%20v%C9%99%20Xank%C9%99ndi%20aeroportlar%C4%B1%20beyn%C9%99lxalq%20m%C9%99kan%20indeksl%C9%99ri%20kataloquna%20daxil%20edil%C9%99c%C9%99k%262020-11-25T17%3A23%3A45%2B00%3A00&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:8c04e316-6488-4704-990a-40f592087b77&pinned_post_asset_id=5fbe8d9610a1c302d6fbeaa5&pinned_post_type=share |title=Ağdam, Fizuli və Xankəndi aeroportları beynəlxalq məkan indeksləri kataloquna daxil ediləcək |date=25 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> On 28 November, a civilian car hit a mine in [[Aşağı Seyidəhmədli]], in Fuzuli District, killing four people,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc24c8810a1c302d6fbef53%26F%C3%BCzulid%C9%99%20minaya%20d%C3%BC%C5%9F%C9%99n%204%20n%C9%99f%C9%99r%20%C3%B6l%C3%BCb%262020-11-28T13%3A15%3A13.151Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:8fcd5f99-5271-4281-91c9-fff52ec64c26&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc24c8810a1c302d6fbef53&pinned_post_type=share |title=Füzulidə minaya düşən 4 nəfər ölüb |date=28 November 2020 |access-date=28 November 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> including the editor-in-chief of the ''Gaidish'' newspaper, the media outlet of the Fuzuli District Executive Power.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://report.az/qarabag/fuzulide-helak-olanlardan-biri-bas-redaktordur/ |title=Füzulidə həlak olanlardan biri baş redaktordur |date=28 November 2020 |access-date=28 November 2020 |work=[[Report Information Agency]] |language=az }}</ref> After that, the Azerbaijani Prosecutor General's Office and the Ministry of Internal Affairs appealed to citizens not to visit the newly acquired territories without the necessary permission until they are completely cleared of mines and other explosive devices.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc25aecfe66a902d1004c41%26Ba%C5%9F%20Prokurorluq%20v%C9%99%20Daxili%20%C4%B0%C5%9Fl%C9%99r%20Nazirliyi%20v%C9%99t%C9%99nda%C5%9Flara%20m%C3%BCraci%C9%99t%20edib%262020-11-28T14%3A13%3A01.201Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:633715b3-8e09-4a2d-9792-8c1468471301&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc25aecfe66a902d1004c41&pinned_post_type=share |title=Baş Prokurorluq və Daxili İşlər Nazirliyi vətəndaşlara müraciət edib |date=28 November 2020 |access-date=28 November 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> [[File:Azerbaijani jets during the 2020 victory parade 2.jpg|thumb|right|Azerbaijani [[Sukhoi Su-25]] fighter jets during the [[Baku Victory Parade of 2020|victory parade]] in Baku on 10 December.]] 27 September and 10 November were declared [[Memorial Day (Azerbaijan)|Memorial Day]] and [[Victory Day (Azerbaijan)|Victory Day]] respectively,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc7574610a1c302d6fbf69e%26H%C9%99r%20il%20sentyabr%C4%B1n%2027-si%20Az%C9%99rbaycanda%20An%C4%B1m%20G%C3%BCn%C3%BC%20kimi%20qeyd%20olunacaq%262020-12-02T09%3A01%3A14.917Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:27045536-6d7a-476e-bb34-b438c5d4e1da&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc7574610a1c302d6fbf69e&pinned_post_type=share |title=Hər il sentyabrın 27-si Azərbaycanda Anım Günü kimi qeyd olunacaq |date=2 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc75b4e10a1c302d6fbf6a4%2610%20noyabr%20-%20Az%C9%99rbaycanda%20Z%C9%99f%C9%99r%20G%C3%BCn%C3%BC%20kimi%20t%C9%99sis%20olunub%262020-12-02T09%3A18%3A57.062Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:80291d10-807c-43c6-aed7-5e2e8be46797&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc75b4e10a1c302d6fbf6a4&pinned_post_type=share |title=10 noyabr – Azərbaycanda Zəfər Günü kimi təsis olunub |date=2 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> although the latter's date was changed to 8 November as it overlapped with [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk|Mustafa Kemal Ataturk]]'s [[Death and state funeral of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk|Memorial Day]] in Turkey.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc8b50410a1c302d6fbf833%26Az%C9%99rbaycanda%20Z%C9%99f%C9%99r%20G%C3%BCn%C3%BCn%C3%BCn%20vaxt%C4%B1%20d%C9%99yi%C5%9Fdirilib%262020-12-03T09%3A52%3A14.575Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:191f4415-82ba-4cff-af24-e815dcef7472&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc8b50410a1c302d6fbf833&pinned_post_type=share |title=Azərbaycanda Zəfər Gününün vaxtı dəyişdirilib |date=3 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> It was also announced that the new station in the [[Baku Metro]] will be named "November 8" at the suggestion of Aliyev.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/azerbaijan-55226952 |title=İlham Əliyevin təklifi ilə yeni metrostansiya "8 noyabr" adlanacaq, Baş infeksionist Təyyar Eyvazov: "Epidemioloji vəziyyət pisləşməkdə davam edir" |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |date=8 December 2020 |access-date=8 December 2020 |language=az }}</ref> On the same day, President Aliyev signed a decree on the establishment of the YASHAT Foundation to support the families of those wounded and killed during the war, and general control over the management of the foundation was transferred to the [[ASAN service]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/azerbaijan-55226953 |title=İlham Əliyev yaralıların və həlak olanların ailələrinə dəstək üçün YAŞAT Fondu yaradıb |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |date=8 December 2020 |access-date=8 December 2020 |language=az }}</ref> On December 2, by the decree of the Azerbaijani president, Ilham Aliyev, some servicemen were discharged from military service.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc6292910a1c302d6fbf514%26Sabahdan%20b%C9%99zi%20h%C9%99rbi%20qulluq%C3%A7ular%20t%C9%99rxis%20edil%C9%99c%C9%99kl%C9%99r%262020-12-01T11%3A29%3A46.494Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:90d59a9f-005e-4b89-b4b5-b83c9e00355b&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc6292910a1c302d6fbf514&pinned_post_type=share |title=Sabahdan bəzi hərbi qulluqçular tərxis ediləcəklər |date=1 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> On the same day, the Association of Banks of Azerbaijan announced that the bank debts of servicemen and civilians killed during the war in Azerbaijan would be completely written off.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc792fd65be0302b81c53cf%26Az%C9%99rbaycanda%20h%C9%99lak%20olmu%C5%9F%20h%C9%99rb%C3%A7il%C9%99rin%20v%C9%99%20m%C3%BClki%20%C5%9F%C9%99xsl%C9%99rin%20bank%20borclar%C4%B1%20tam%20silin%C9%99c%C9%99k%262020-12-02T13%3A13%3A34.597Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:fd97ac50-800f-4796-aae6-10774e1997fd&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc792fd65be0302b81c53cf&pinned_post_type=share |title=Azərbaycanda həlak olmuş hərbçilərin və mülki şəxslərin bank borcları tam silinəcək |date=1 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> The next day, [[Azerbaijan National Agency for Mine Action|ANAMA]] announced that the demining operation of the road to [[Madagiz]] had been completed.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc86d5dfe66a902d10054e9%26ANAMA%3A%20%22Suqovu%C5%9Fana%20%C3%A7%C9%99kil%C9%99c%C9%99k%20avtomobil%20yolunu%20minalardan%20t%C9%99mizl%C9%99m%C9%99%20%C9%99m%C9%99liyyat%C4%B1%20ba%C5%9Fa%20%C3%A7at%C4%B1b%22%262020-12-03T04%3A54%3A07.403Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:1678f16b-14c8-4392-ace9-cbbce08c94d7&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc86d5dfe66a902d10054e9&pinned_post_type=share |title=ANAMA: "Suqovuşana çəkiləcək avtomobil yolunu minalardan təmizləmə əməliyyatı başa çatıb" |date=3 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> That same day, a decree by Aliyev ordered the establishment of the Patriotic War Memorial Complex and Victory Museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Patriotic War Memorial Complex and Victory Museum to be established in Baku|url=https://mod.gov.az/en/news/patriotic-war-memorial-complex-and-victory-museum-to-be-established-in-baku-33997.html|access-date=2020-12-05|website=MINISTRY OF DEFENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN|language=en}}</ref> On 4 December, at 12:00 ([[UTC+04:00|GMT+4]]) local time, a [[moment of silence]] was held in Azerbaijan to commemorate the fallen soldiers of the war.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3344857.html |title=Azerbaijan commemorates bright memory of martyrs with minute of silence (VIDEO) |date=4 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=[[Trend News Agency]] |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/domestic-news/Azerbaijan-observes-minute-of-silence-to-honor-Martyrs-of-Patriotic-War |title=Azerbaijan observes minute of silence to honor Martyrs of Patriotic War |date=4 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=[[Azeri Press Agency]] |language=en }}</ref> In this regard, [[Flag of Azerbaijan|flags]] were lowered across the country, and traffic halted, while ships moored in the [[Bay of Baku]], as well as cars honked their horns.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc9f232fe66a902d100564c%26%C4%B0kinci%20Qaraba%C4%9F%20M%C3%BCharib%C9%99sind%C9%99%20h%C9%99lak%20olanlar%C4%B1n%20xatir%C9%99si%20bir%20d%C9%99qiq%C9%99lik%20s%C3%BCkutla%20an%C4%B1l%C4%B1b%262020-12-04T08%3A25%3A11.817Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:509620c7-dc35-4d5f-a439-18839d871a17&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc9f232fe66a902d100564c&pinned_post_type=share |title=İkinci Qarabağ Müharibəsində həlak olanların xatirəsi bir dəqiqəlik sükutla anılıb |date=4 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> A unity prayer was held at the [[Heydar Mosque]] in Baku in memory of those killed in the war, and ''[[Shaykh al-Islām]]'' [[Allahshukur Pashazadeh]], chairman of the Religious Council of the Caucasus, said that "Sunnis and Shiites prayed for the souls of our martyrs together." In addition to the capital, commemoration ceremonies were held in mosques in [[Sumgait|Sumgayit]], [[Quba|Guba]], Ganja, [[Shamakhi]], [[Lankaran]], [[Shaki, Azerbaijan|Shaki]], in churches in Baku and Ganja, and in the [[Synagogue of the Ashkenazi Jews in Baku|synagogue of Ashkenazi Jews in Baku]]. In addition, people visited the [[Martyrs' Lane]] in Baku.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fca17e665be0302b81c565d%26Az%C9%99rbaycand%C9%99%20m%C9%99scid%2C%20sinaqoq%20v%C9%99%20kils%C9%99l%C9%99rd%C9%99%20an%C4%B1m%20m%C9%99rasiml%C9%99ri%20ke%C3%A7irilib%262020-12-04T11%3A28%3A39.928Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:39cc9ad0-65bd-4ebd-97d1-34e57a8444b0&pinned_post_asset_id=5fca17e665be0302b81c565d&pinned_post_type=share |title=Azərbaycandə məscid, sinaqoq və kilsələrdə anım mərasimləri keçirilib |date=4 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev and Vice President Mehriban Aliyeva also visited the Martyrs' Lane.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fca1cf4fe66a902d1005684%26%C4%B0lham%20%C6%8Fliyev%20v%C9%99%20Mehriban%20%C6%8Fliyeva%20%C5%9E%C9%99hidl%C9%99r%20xiyaban%C4%B1n%C4%B1%20ziyar%C9%99t%20edibl%C9%99r%262020-12-04T11%3A35%3A09.735Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:34e96249-2e0a-4b81-9b66-d07b6810895c&pinned_post_asset_id=5fca1cf4fe66a902d1005684&pinned_post_type=share |title=İlham Əliyev və Mehriban Əliyeva Şəhidlər xiyabanını ziyarət ediblər |date=4 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> The next day, the [[Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Population (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijani Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Population]] stated that the State Social Protection Fund under the ministry had given the status of ''[[shahid]]'' to 94 Azerbaijani civilians who died during the war, proving the same rights provided to the members of the families of the fallen soldiers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/azerbaijan-55044797 |title=Ağdamda zərər dəymiş 1260 obyektə baxış keçirilib, 94 mülkiyə şəhid statusu verilib, Alban-udi dini icması Kəlbəcərdəki Xudavəng monastırını ziyarət edib |date=5 December 2020 |access-date=6 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> On 9 December, President Aliyev awarded 83 servicemen with the title of [[Hero of the Patriotic War]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://axar.az/news/toplum/521963.html |title=Bu hərbçilərə Vətən Müharibəsi Qəhrəmanı adı verildi |date=9 December 2020 |access-date=9 December 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.is/zXyrt |archive-date=9 December 2020 |work=Axar.az |language=az }}</ref> 204 servicemen with [[Karabakh Order]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/az/azerbaycan-ordusu/Silahli-Quvvlrin-hrbi-qulluqculari-tltif-edilib-colorredSIYAHIcolor-618932ar |title=Silahlı Qüvvələrin hərbi qulluqçuları təltif edilib – SİYAHI |date=9 December 2020 |access-date=9 December 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.is/jLmwH |archive-date=9 December 2020 |work=[[Azeri Press Agency]] |language=az }}</ref> and 33 servicemen with [[Zafar Order]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://az.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3347531.html |title=Silahlı Qüvvələrin bir sıra hərbi qulluqçuları təltif olunub |date=9 December 2020 |access-date=9 December 2020 |work=[[Trend News Agency]] |language=az }}</ref> On 12 December, the martial law will be lifted by the decree of the President Ilham Aliyev.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/region-55212136 |title=Azərbaycanda hərbi vəziyyət ləğv edilir, İlham Əliyev azad edilmiş ərazilərdə bərpa işləri ilə bağlı: "Artıq bəzi ölkələrin şirkətlərinə dəvət göndərilib" |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |date=7 December 2020 |access-date=8 December 2020 |language=az }}</ref> On 10 December, a [[Baku Victory Parade of 2020|victory parade was held]] in honor of the Azerbaijani victory on [[Azadliq Square, Baku|Azadliq Square]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-03|title=Baku preparing for grandiose Victory Parade – VIDEO|url=https://www.azerbaycan24.com/en/baku-preparing-for-grandiose-victory-parade-ndash-video/|access-date=2020-12-04|website=www.azerbaycan24.com|language=en-AU}}</ref> with 3,000 military servicemen who distinguished themselves during the war marched alongside military equipment, unmanned aerial vehicles and aircraft,<ref name="showcase">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/azerbaijan-55260110 |title=Zəfər paradında əsgərlərin marşı, yeni silah və hərbi texnika – şəkillərdə |date=10 December 2020 |access-date=10 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> as well as Armenian war trophies,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Makarenko|first=Alena|date=2 December 2020|title=Эрдоган приедет на парад победы в Баку: мнение политолога date|url=https://360tv.ru/news/mir/pobedy-v-azerbajdzhane/|access-date=10 December 2020|work=360 TV|language=ru}}</ref> and Turkish soldiers and officers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/bak%C4%B1da-z%C9%99f%C9%99r-parad%C4%B1-ke%C3%A7irildi/5694375.html |title=Bakıda "Zəfər Paradı" keçirildi |date=10 December 2020 |access-date=10 December 2020 |work=Amerikanın Səsi |publisher=[[Voice of America]] |language=az }}</ref> Turkish President Erdoğan attended the [[Military parades in Azerbaijan|military parade]] as part of a [[state visit]] to Baku.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/t%C3%BCrkiy%C9%99-prezidenti-az%C9%99rbaycana-s%C9%99f%C9%99r%C9%99-g%C9%99lib/5692916.html |title=Türkiyə Prezidenti Azərbaycana səfərə gəlib |date=9 December 2020 |access-date=10 December 2020 |work=Amerikanın Səsi |publisher=[[Voice of America]] |language=az }}</ref> === Return of occupied territories === [[File:Russian peacekeepers and Azerbaijani military personnel near Vank village.png|thumb|right|Russian peacekeepers and Azerbaijani military personnel near [[Dadivank]] of [[Kalbajar District]].]] Ahead of the transfer of [[Kalbajar District]] from Artsakh to Azerbaijan under the terms of the ceasefire agreement, ethnic Armenians burnt their homes, many of which were once inhabited by Azerbaijanis,<ref name="afpoccupation" /> to prevent them being reinhabited by the Azerbaijanis.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20201113-armenians-flee-homes-as-azerbaijan-takeover-looms |title=Armenians flee homes as Azerbaijan takeover looms |date=13 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[France24]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first=Anelise |last=Borges |url=https://www.euronews.com/2020/11/14/nagorno-karabakh-ethnic-armenians-set-fire-to-their-homes-rather-than-hand-them-to-azerbai |title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Ethnic Armenians set fire to their homes rather than hand them to Azerbaijan |date=14 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[Euronews]] }}</ref> The district had been mostly inhabited by ethnic Azerbaijanis before the First Nagorno-Karabakh War and was re-settled by ethnic Armenians from Armenia, as well as [[Aşağı Ağcakənd]] and [[Gülüstan, Goranboy|Gülüstan]] in Azerbaijan, which they fled from the latter during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.<ref>The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: A Legal Analysis. Heiko Krüger. Springer, 2010. {{ISBN|3642117872}}, 9783642117879. p. 102</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/armenia-to-begin-handing-over-territory-to-azerbaijan-under-terms-of-truce/30950886.html |title=Azerbaijan Extends Deadline For Armenia To Withdraw From Key District Under Karabakh Truce |date=15 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] }}</ref> Some Armenians took their dead relatives' remains with them,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/nov/14/nagorno-karabakh-villagers-burn-their-homes-ahead-of-peace-deal |title=Armenians residents in Kalbajar burn their homes before Azerbaijan handover |date=14 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] }}</ref> and ''Reuters'' reported that villagers were "carting off everything they could as trucks nearby loaded up with household possessions".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-village-idUSKBN27U0FQ |title=Armenians set fire to homes before handing village over to Azerbaijan |date=14 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[Reuters]] }}</ref> Reports of house burning emerged on 13 November,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://oc-media.org/live-updates-some-armenian-residents-of-kalbajar-burn-homes/ |title=Live updates: Some Armenian residents of Kalbajar burn homes |date=13 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[OC Media]] }}</ref> and on 15 November ''Agence France-Presse'' reported that in [[Çərəktar]] at least six houses were set on fire.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Hervé |last=Bar |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/11/15/azerbaijan-extends-armenian-pullout-deadline-from-disputed-area-a72048 |title=Azerbaijan Extends Armenian Pullout Deadline From Disputed Area |date=15 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Moscow Times]] }}</ref> The ''BBC Russian Service'' reported that houses were burning in neighboring [[Dadivank]] and other nearby villages, and trees were cut down for firewood, which is expensive in Armenia.<ref name="bbcrussian">{{Cite web |first1=Yuri |last1=Wendik |first2=Gabriel |last2=Shaim |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/features-54930278 |title=Новый исход. Армяне бегут из Карабаха, сжигая свои дома |date=13 November 2020 |access-date=28 November 2020 |work=BBC Russian Service }}</ref> Azerbaijan denounced civilians leaving the area for burning houses and committing what it termed "ecological terror";<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/world/asia/ecological-terror-azerbaijan-delays-takeover-denounces-fleeing-armenians-20201116-p56eu6.html?ref=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_source=rss_feed |title='Ecological terror': Azerbaijan delays takeover, Armenians torch homes |date=15 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[Brisbane Times]] }}</ref> President Ilham Aliyev called Armenians who destroyed their properties a "wild enemy".<ref name="wildburning">{{Cite web |url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20201120-armenia-hands-over-aghdam-to-azerbaijan-as-part-of-nagorno-karabakh-ceasefire |title=Armenia hands over Aghdam to Azerbaijan as part of Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=24 November 2020 |work=[[France24]] }}</ref> At Armenia's request, Azerbaijan extended the deadline for Armenians to fully vacate Kalbajar District by 10 days, until 25 November. Azerbaijan's Presidential Office stated that it took the worsening weather and the fact that there was only one road to Armenia into consideration when agreeing to extend the deadline.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/15/armenia-cedes-disputed-land-to-azerbaijan-after-peace-deal |title=Azerbaijan extends Armenian pullout deadline from Kalbajar |date=15 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] }}</ref> The first district to be handed over to Azerbaijan was [[Agdam District]], on 20 November.<ref name="DW-NK"/><ref name="AlJ-NK"/> Prior to the transfer of control, Armenians living in the district also set their homes on fire,<ref name="agdamjazeera" /> and on 19 November, ''Agence France-Presse'' reported that Armenian soldiers had destroyed their headquarters in [[Agdam]]. Agdam was a predominantly Azerbaijani town until the 1993 [[Battle of Aghdam|battle over the city]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Azerbaijan enters land ceded by Armenia |url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/7022312/azerbaijan-enters-land-ceded-by-armenia/ |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=The Canberra Times |agency=Australian Associated Press |date=20 November 2020 |language=en-AU}}</ref> after which it became a [[ghost town]],<ref name="agdamjazeera">{{Cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/20/azerbaijan-army-enters-district-handed-over-by-armenia |title=Azerbaijan enters Nagorno-Karabakh district after peace deal |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=20 November 2020 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] }}</ref> referred to by locals as the "[[Hiroshima]] of the [[Caucasus]]".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The story of FK Qarabag: How a team born from war now prepares to host Chelsea in the Champions League |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/fk-qarabag-champions-league-chelsea-preview-how-born-from-war-to-champions-league-debut-a8069506.html |work=[[The Independent]] |date=22 November 2017 |access-date=28 November 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first=Lusine |last=Musayelyan |title=Life Among Ruins of Caucasus' Hiroshima |url=https://iwpr.net/global-voices/life-among-ruins-caucasus-hiroshima |work=[[Institute for War and Peace Reporting]] |access-date=28 November 2020 }}</ref> The ''Associated Press'' reported that [[Agdam Mosque|Aghdam Mosque]], which had been vandalized with [[graffiti]] and used as a stable for cattle and swine, was the town's only structurally whole building.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Kostya |last=Manenkov |url=https://apnews.com/article/azerbaijan-handover-region-armenia-2d0d88c012fdd16732cecd35d134cabf |title=Azerbaijani leader hails handover of region ceded by Armenia |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=24 November 2020 |work=[[Associated Press]] }}</ref> [[Rustam Muradov]], commander of the Russian peacekeeping task force in the region, stated that the handover operation had been carried out without incident.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan-army-enters-aghdam-armenians-flee/30959905.html |title=Azerbaijani Troops Take Control Of Agdam As Armenians Flee |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=20 November 2020 |work=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] }}</ref> The transfer was celebrated in Baku, where cars paraded through the city with Azerbaijani, Russian and Turkish flags.<ref name="wildburning" /> On November 24, with the permission of the Azerbaijani military, some Armenians returned to Gülablı to collect their clothing and were offered residency in Agdam as Azerbaijani citizens.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fbd078e10a1c302d6fbe87c%26A%C4%9Fdam%C4%B1n%20G%C3%BClabl%C4%B1%20k%C9%99ndind%C9%99%20Az%C9%99rbaycan%20h%C9%99rb%C3%A7isi%20il%C9%99%20erm%C9%99ni%20%C9%99halinin%20s%C3%B6hb%C9%99ti%262020-11-24T13%3A15%3A59.499Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:730dfa78-10e5-4625-8720-ceb01a98dd23&pinned_post_asset_id=5fbd078e10a1c302d6fbe87c&pinned_post_type=share |title=Ağdamın Gülablı kəndində Azərbaycan hərbçisi ilə erməni əhalinin söhbəti |date=24 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> On 22 November, the Azerbaijani military reported that it had defused more than 150 mines in the district.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/azerbaijani-military-defuses-more-150-102733023.html |title=Azerbaijani military defuses more than 150 mines in Agdam |date=22 November 2020 |access-date=20 November 2020 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |via=[[Yahoo News]] }}</ref> On 25 November, Kalbajar became the second district to be returned to Azerbaijan.<ref name="RadioFree"/> Armenian forces blew up their military headquarters before evacuating the district.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fbd428165be0302b81c45ba%26%262020-11-24T17%3A27%3A40.932Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:12f464b3-7597-472c-b4c0-0304d20338f2&pinned_post_asset_id=5fbd428165be0302b81c45ba&pinned_post_type=share |title=Ermənistan hərbçiləri Kəlbəcər rayonunu qaytarmazdan əvvəl ordakı erməni hərbi qərargahını partladıblar. |date=24 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/25/azerbaijani-army-enters-kalbajar-region-returned-by-armenia |title=Azerbaijani army enters Kalbajar, region returned by Armenia |date=25 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en }}</ref> Armenians left [[Dadivank]] Monastery, and its abbot decided to transport the monastery's Christian art of significance, including bells and [[khachkar]]s, to Armenia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.am/eng/news/612601.html |title=Father Hovhannes of Artsakh's Dadivank Monastery to bring bells and cross to Armenia |date=10 November 2020 |access-date=12 November 2020 |work=News.am}}</ref> After the withdrawal of Armenian forces from the region, the monastery was placed under the protection of the Russian peacekeeping forces.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1034897.html |title=Dadivank under protection of Russian peacekeepers |date=14 November 2020 |access-date=14 November 2020 |work=Armenpress.am}}</ref> However, on 28 November 2020, the [[Ministry of Defence (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijani Ministry of Defence]] released footage from inside the monastery.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc269bf10a1c302d6fbefc5%26K%C9%99lb%C9%99c%C9%99r%20rayonunun%20V%C9%99ng%20k%C9%99ndind%C9%99n%20video%262020-11-28T15%3A16%3A16.513Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:f67a714e-06b9-4ff2-a2a4-632624a4e168&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc269bf10a1c302d6fbefc5&pinned_post_type=share |title=Kəlbəcər rayonunun Vəng kəndindən video |date=28 November 2020 |access-date=28 November 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service }}</ref> The Azerbaijani authorities allowed the Armenian monks to stay in the monastery. On 4 December 2020, representatives of the [[Udi people|Udi]] community of Azerbaijan visited the monastery and performed a prayer inside.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ru.oxu.az/war/446310 |title=Между удинами и армянскими священниками возник спор в монастыре Худаванг Кельбаджарского района – ВИДЕО |date=4 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=Oxu.az |archive-url=https://archive.is/2gjVi |archive-date=4 December 2020 |language=ru }}</ref> The next day, Rafig Danakari, the deputy chairman of the Udi Christian Orthodox community, was appointed preacher at the monastery.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.azernews.az/nation/173559.html |title=Preacher appointed to Khudavan monastery in Azerbaijan's Kalbajar |date=5 December 2020 |access-date=6 December 2020 |work=AzerNews |archive-url=https://archive.is/kYRCw |archive-date=6 December 2020 |language=en }}</ref> Also, President Aliyev vowed to rebuild and revive Kalbajar District,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apnews.com/article/international-news-azerbaijan-armenia-f1ce47fea3ecb8f85f9b7670f385343c |title=Azerbaijani leader vows to revive region ceded by Armenia |date=25 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=[[Associated Press]] |language=en }}</ref> and there was a celebratory rally in Baku.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fbe688c10a1c302d6fbea60%26K%C9%99lb%C9%99c%C9%99rin%20qaytar%C4%B1lmas%C4%B1%20Bak%C4%B1da%20avtoy%C3%BCr%C3%BC%C5%9Fl%C9%99%20qeyd%20olunub%262020-11-25T14%3A53%3A39.306Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:95664dbb-2668-4ae1-97ad-e2c001b9c3bb&pinned_post_asset_id=5fbe688c10a1c302d6fbea60&pinned_post_type=share |title=Kəlbəcərin qaytarılması Bakıda avtoyürüşlə qeyd olunub |date=25 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> Internally displaced Azerbaijanis from Kalbajar who had settled in Ganja also celebrated the occasion.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fbe103e10a1c302d6fbe9bb%26%262020-11-25T08%3A05%3A34.406Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:4a45088a-d473-4bc7-acdc-d461253b85ae&pinned_post_asset_id=5fbe103e10a1c302d6fbe9bb&pinned_post_type=share |title=Gəncədə məskunlaşan Kəlbəcərdən olan məcburi köçkünlər Kəlbəcər Mədəniyyət Evinin Gəncədə yerləşən inzibati binasının qarşısına toplaşıblar, BBC News Azərbaycan müxbirləri deyiblər. |date=25 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> The [[Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijani Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources]] stated that it would evaluate the mineral deposits of Kalbajar District in order to calculate "the amount of damage caused to Azerbaijan" during the period of Armenian occupation.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.azernews.az/business/173150.html |title=Azerbaijan to monitor fields in Kalbajar – Head of National Geological Exploration Service |date=27 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=AzerNews }}</ref> On 26 November, Armenian media reported that a group of 250 Azerbaijani soldiers had arrived at [[Zod gold mine]], one of the largest gold deposits in the South Caucasus,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Kelbajar%C2%A0gold-depositsto-remain-on-territory-of-Azerbaijan.html |title=Kelbajar gold deposits to remain on territory of Azerbaijan |date=27 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=Vestnik Kavkaza }}</ref> located on the border of Kalbajar District and Gegharkunik Province in Armenia,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc0dedf10a1c302d6fbecec%26Az%C9%99rbaycan%20MN%20Zod%20m%C9%99d%C9%99ni%20il%C9%99%20ba%C4%9Fl%C4%B1%20yay%C4%B1lan%20x%C9%99b%C9%99rl%C9%99r%C9%99%20%C5%9F%C9%99rh%20verm%C9%99yib%262020-11-27T11%3A42%3A42.951Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:c9a5197d-4efa-4ec4-b10e-eb521784e57c&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc0dedf10a1c302d6fbecec&pinned_post_type=share |title=Azərbaycan MN Zod mədəni ilə bağlı yayılan xəbərlərə şərh verməyib |date=27 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/266347/ |title=Глава общины Гегамасар: "Азербайджанские ВС отошли назад в районе Сотка в Армении" |date=27 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=ArmenianReport }}</ref> and demanded its handover, establishing a military post at the mine.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/266327/ |title=В Генштабе ВС Армении не видят поводов для волнения из-за появления азербайджанских солдат в Сотке |date=27 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=ArmenianReport }}</ref> The Armenian defense ministry refuted this account,<ref>{{Cite web |first=Siranush |last=Ghazanchyan |url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/11/26/azerbaijani-troops-have-not-entered-the-area-of-sotk-gold-mine-defense-ministry/ |title=Azerbaijani troops have not entered the area of Sotk gold mine – Defense Ministry |date=26 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=[[Public Radio of Armenia]] }}</ref> stating that Azerbaijani forces, having found an Armenian border checkpoint unacceptable, contacted the Armenian side via loudspeaker and negotiated with Russian peacekeepers over the issue. Armenian and Azerbaijani authorities started to demarcate the border on the same day.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Kristine |last=Aghalaryan |url=https://hetq.am/en/article/124762 |title=Azerbaijani troops have not entered the area of Sotk gold mine – Defense Ministry |date=26 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=Hetq.am }}</ref> Armenian military authorities then stated that half of the mine area had been passed to Azerbaijan.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Seda |last=Ghukasyan |url=https://hetq.am/en/article/124778 |title=Half of Sotk Gold Mine Now in Azerbaijan, Says Armenian Military Official |date=27 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=Hetq.am }}</ref> Ahead of the transfer of [[Lachin District]], a predominantly-Azerbaijani and [[Kurds in Azerbaijan|Kurdish]] populated region before its occupation by the Armenian Armed Forces in 1992,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/azerbaijan-54941977 |title=Laçın – məğrur rayonun hekayəsi |date=1 December 2020 |access-date=1 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> which resulted in its population fleeing the region, and the Armenian forces burning [[Lachin]], the district's administrative center, which was re-settled by ethnic Armenian migrants from Armenia, to Azerbaijan, some ethnic Armenians fled from the city of Lachin,<ref name="vendik">{{Cite web |first=Yuri |last=Vendik |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/features-54930281 |title=Армяне оставляют Лачин, несмотря на конец войны в Карабахе и прибытие российских миротворцев |date=17 November 2020 |access-date=1 December 2020 |work=BBC Russian Service |language=ru }}</ref> despite the Russian supervision over the [[Lachin corridor|land corridor]] passing thorough the city,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc5d44065be0302b81c5174%26Rusiya%20M%C3%BCdafi%C9%99%20Nazirliyi%3A%20La%C3%A7%C4%B1n%20d%C9%99hlizind%C9%99%20h%C9%99r%C9%99k%C9%99t%C9%99%20s%C3%BClhm%C9%99raml%C4%B1lar%20n%C9%99zar%C9%99t%20edir%262020-12-01T05%3A31%3A34.947Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:04ce8c76-c12d-4840-b332-7e7b989d48a5&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc5d44065be0302b81c5174&pinned_post_type=share |title=Rusiya Müdafiə Nazirliyi: Laçın dəhlizində hərəkətə sülhməramlılar nəzarət edir |date=1 December 2020 |access-date=1 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> which links Nagorno-Karabakh with Armenia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tass.com/world/1229757 |title=Azerbaijani troops enter Lachin district in Nagorno-Karabakh |work=TASS |date=30 November 2020 |access-date=1 December 2020 }}</ref> The Russian peacekeepers also set up a post in a town previously called [[Zabux|Zabukh]] by the local Azerbaijanis before it was destroyed in 1992, but later built on the ruins of the village, inhabited by [[Armenians in Lebanon|Lebanese-Armenians]].<ref name="vendik" /> From 27 November, citing the city's self-proclaimed mayor, Narek Aleksanyan, who called on the ethnic Armenian population to not flee the region, the Armenian media alleged that "the agreement has been amended," adding that Lachin, [[Sus, Azerbaijan|Sus]], and Zabukh would not be handed over to Azerbaijan. These claims were refuted by the chairman of the Azerbaijan-based Center for Social Research, MP Zahid Oruj. According to ''BBC Russian Service'' correspondent, Yuri Vekdik, despite Aleksanyan's calls, the vast majority of Armenian settlers in Lachin, as well as the Lebanese-Armenians in Zabux, had fled the region.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/azerbaijan-55136684 |title=Laçın şəhəri ermənilərdəmi qalır? Ermənilərə belə deyilib, amma onlar şəhəri tərk edir |date=30 November 2020 |access-date=1 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> On 1 December, the Azerbaijani forces, with tanks and a column of trucks, entered the district,<ref name="enteredlachin" /> and the Azerbaijani MoD released a footage from the city of Lachin.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc5de8165be0302b81c5176%26Az%C9%99rbaycan%20M%C3%BCdafi%C9%99%20Nazirliyi%20La%C3%A7%C4%B1nda%20d%C3%B6vl%C9%99t%20bayra%C4%9F%C4%B1n%C4%B1n%20as%C4%B1lmas%C4%B1%20bar%C9%99d%C9%99%20video%20yay%C4%B1b%262020-12-01T06%3A12%3A11.913Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:7dd33a7e-7937-4723-b44a-b50d644a41a1&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc5de8165be0302b81c5176&pinned_post_type=share |title=Azərbaycan Müdafiə Nazirliyi Laçında dövlət bayrağının asılması barədə video yayıb |date=1 December 2020 |access-date=1 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> In [[Barda, Azerbaijan|Barda]], IDPs from Lachin, holding the flags of Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Pakistan, celebrated the return of the district.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc60b80fe66a902d10051e9%26B%C9%99rd%C9%99d%C9%99%20la%C3%A7%C4%B1nl%C4%B1lar%20La%C3%A7%C4%B1n%C4%B1n%20qaytar%C4%B1lmas%C4%B1n%C4%B1%20qeyd%20edirl%C9%99r%262020-12-01T09%3A33%3A36.878Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:a166bf54-6e22-464f-825d-0388a3080508&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc60b80fe66a902d10051e9&pinned_post_type=share |title=Bərdədə laçınlılar Laçının qaytarılmasını qeyd edirlər |date=1 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> The Azerbaijani authorities stated that the district had suffered "great damage over the years", while it was administrated by the Republic of Artsakh as its [[Kashatagh Province]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/357087/ |title=Азербайджан взял под контроль Лачин спустя 28 лет |date=1 December 2020 |access-date=1 December 2020 |work=[[Caucasian Knot]] |language=ru }}</ref> According to the Azerbaijani president, Ilham Aliyev, a new corridor will be built in the region as the Lachin corridor passes through the city of Lachin, and when this corridor is ready, the city will be returned to the Azerbaijani administration.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc6011f65be0302b81c5196%26%C4%B0lham%20%C6%8Fliyev%3A%20%22Yeni%20d%C9%99hliz%20haz%C4%B1r%20olandan%20sonra%20La%C3%A7%C4%B1n%20%C5%9F%C9%99h%C9%99ri%20biz%C9%99%20qaytar%C4%B1lacaq%22%262020-12-01T08%3A41%3A47.987Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:2b98175b-1f04-466c-b371-e8b43196ccbb&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc6011f65be0302b81c5196&pinned_post_type=share |title=İlham Əliyev: "Yeni dəhliz hazır olandan sonra Laçın şəhəri bizə qaytarılacaq" |date=1 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> === Turkish-Russian peacekeeping === [[File:Марш российского миротворческого контингента в сторону Лачинского коридора.jpg|250px|thumb|right|The Russian peacekeeping contingent in [[Lachin corridor]].]] The Russian peacekeeping forces, provided by the [[15th Separate Motor Rifle Brigade]] of the [[Russian Ground Forces]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tass.com/world/1229757 |title=Azerbaijani troops enter Lachin district in Nagorno-Karabakh |work=TASS |date=30 November 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.is/CRZ9k |archive-date=1 December 2020 }}</ref> consisting of 1,960 servicemen,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://meduza.io/en/cards/1-960 |title=1,960 Here’s what Russia has pledged (and risked) with peacekeepers in Nagorno-Karabakh |work=[[Meduza]].io |date=11 November 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |language=en }}</ref> and led by Lieutenant General [[Rustam Muradov]], were dispatched to the region as part of the ceasefire agreement to monitor compliance by Armenia and Azerbaijan with its terms.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thearabweekly.com/turkey-widens-footprint-sends-peacekeepers-azerbaijan |title=Turkey widens footprint, sends ‘peacekeepers’ to Azerbaijan |work=The Arab Weekly |date=17 November 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |language=en }}</ref> The peacekeeping forces, headquartered near Stepanakert, established observation posts along the contact line in Nagorno-Karabakh and along the [[Lachin corridor]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/9956043 |title=Россия направила в Нагорный Карабах почти 2 тыс. миротворцев |work=[[TASS]] |date=10 November 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |language=ru }}</ref> ''Reuters'' reported that the peacekeeping forces were accompanied with armoured personnel carriers, tanks and multiple rocket launchers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/armenia-azerbaijan-rockets-int-idUSKBN27W2K1 |title=Russia moves rocket launchers towards Nagorno-Karabakh after peace deal |work=[[Reuters]] |date=16 November 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |language=ru }}</ref> On 17 November, the Russian peacekeeping forces started to assist the [[International Committee of the Red Cross]] on finding and exchanging the bodies of the fallen soldiers from both sides,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/17/armenia-azerbaijan-exchange-troops-bodies-as-part-of-peace-deal |title=Armenia, Azerbaijan exchange troops' bodies after ceasefire |date=17 November 2020 |access-date=29 November 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.is/WQAIE |archive-date=29 November 2020 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] }}</ref> and on 23 November, started demining operations in the region.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/30964878.html |title=Russia Starts Mine Clearance In Karabakh |date=23 November 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|Azatutyun]] |language=en }}</ref> On 11 November, the Russian and Turkish defence ministers signed a [[memorandum of understanding]] last week to create a joint monitoring center in Azerbaijan,<ref name="Turkey, Russia to set up joint center to watch Nagorno-Karabakh peace" /> although the Russian officials stated that Turkey's involvement in the peacekeeping operations will not affect Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref name="apturkishpeace" /> On 16 November, the Turkish government submitted a motion to the [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey|Grand National Assembly]] on deploying peacekeepers in Azerbaijan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/16/turkey-seeks-approval-to-deploy-peacekeepers-in-azerbaijan |title=Turkey seeks approval to deploy peacekeepers in Azerbaijan |date=16 November 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en }}</ref> The Turkish parliament approved the motion following day, giving the [[Turkish Armed Forces]] a one-year mandate on sending troops to Azerbaijan.<ref name="apturkishpeace">{{Cite web |first=Suzan |last=Fraser |url=https://apnews.com/article/turkey-russia-recep-tayyip-erdogan-azerbaijan-armenia-3cc35a16dd70fba816347e95f1072a2d |title=Turkish parliament approves peacekeepers for Azerbaijan |date=18 November 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=[[Associated Press]] |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/turkey-approves-sending-troops-to-joint-russian-monitoring-center-in-azerbaijan/30955412.html |title=Turkey Approves Sending Troops To Joint Russian Monitoring Center In Azerbaijan |date=17 November 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] |language=en }}</ref> On 1 December, the Turkish sappers arrived in Azerbaijan and started [[demining]] the Azerbaijani-controlled territories in the region, alongside the Azerbaijani sappers,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.turan.az/ext/news/2020/12/free/politics%20news/en/130434.htm |title=Turkish Sappers Arrived in Azerbaijan |date=1 December 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |work=[[Turan Information Agency]] |language=en }}</ref> and the following day, the [[Ministry of National Defense (Turkey)|Ministry of National Defence of Turkey]], [[Hulusi Akar]], stated that the Turkish government had agreed with Russia, and that the joint monitoring center was under construction.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://jam-news.net/karabakh-peacekeepers-deployment-russia-turkish-wax-regions-status-azerbaijan-news/ |title=Karabakh: Russian and Turkish peacekeepers, Azerbaijani and Armenian military – who’s where |date=21 November 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=JAMNews |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/azerbaijan-front-line/-turkish-russian-joint-karabakh-center-under-construction-/2063067 |title=Military personnel from Turkey, Russia to work together to make truce lasting in Nagorno-Karabakh: Turkish defense minister |date=2 December 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=[[Anadolu Agency]] |language=en }}</ref> According to the [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Russia)|Minister of Foreign Affairs of Russia]], [[Sergey Lavrov]], the center will operate remotely, using drones and other technical means to monitor possible violations.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20201117-nagorno-karabakh-turkey-to-send-peacekeepers-to-azerbaijan-to-monitor-truce |title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Turkey to send peacekeepers to Azerbaijan to monitor truce |date=2 December 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=[[France24]] |language=en }}</ref> On 16 December, 136 members of the [[Turkish Land Forces]] Special Mine Search Clearance Team were sent to Azerbaijan to assist in the demining of the region, as well as to train mine clearance personnel of Azerbaijan.<ref name="bbcturkdemine">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/azerbaijan-55255861 |title=Bu günün xəbərləri: 136 Türkiyə minaaxtaranı Azərbaycanda, Suqovuşan və Talış kəndlərinə gedən yollar asfaltlanır |date=16 December 2020 |access-date=16 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> By 22 November, 25,000 displaced Armenians had returned to the region.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dw.com/en/nagorno-karabakh-thousands-displaced-by-war-return-home/ |title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Thousands displaced by war return home |date=22 December 2020 |access-date=12 November 2020 |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |language=en }}</ref> On 10 December, the Mayor of Stepanakert stated that about 18,000 displaced Armenians had returned to the city.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ria.ru/20201210/stepanakert-1588586344.html |title=Мэр Степанакерта сообщил, что в город вернулись до 18 тысяч человек |date=10 December 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=[[RIA Novosti]] |language=ru }}</ref> On 11 December, a car belonging to an Armenian civilian collided with a truck of the Russian peacekeeping forces in Stepanakert–Askeran highway.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/267549/ |title=Крупное ДТП в Карабахе с участием машины российских миротворцев: погибли два человека |date=11 December 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=Armenian Report |language=ru }}</ref> === Post-ceasefire clashes === {{Location mark+ | width =320 | image = The situation in the Nagorno-Karabakh region during the peacekeeping operation as of December 12, 2020.jpg | caption = [[Çaylaqqala|Khtsaberd]] and [[Köhnə Tağlar|Hin Tagher]] villages relative to the Russian MoD map depicting the Russian peacekeeping mission as of December 12 established by the [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement]]. | float =ridht | type = thumb | marks = {{Location mark~ | width =320 | label = '''[[Çaylaqqala|Khtsaberd]]''' | background = | mark = Red pog.svg | mark_width =10 | position =left | x = 560 | y = 480 }} {{Location mark~ | width =320 | label = '''[[Köhnə Tağlar|Hin Tagher]]''' | background = | mark = Red pog.svg | mark_width =10 | position =right | x = 580 | y = 500 }}}}{{Location mark+ | width =320 | image = The situation in the Nagorno-Karabakh region during the peacekeeping operation as of December 13, 2020.jpg | caption = [[Çaylaqqala|Khtsaberd]] and [[Köhnə Tağlar|Hin Tagher]] depicted as within the boundaries of the Russian peacekeeping mission as of December 13. | float =ridht | type = thumb | marks = {{Location mark~ | width =320 | label = '''[[Çaylaqqala|Khtsaberd]]''' | background = | mark = Red pog.svg | mark_width =10 | position =left | x = 560 | y = 480 }} {{Location mark~ | width =320 | label = '''[[Köhnə Tağlar|Hin Tagher]]''' | background = | mark = Red pog.svg | mark_width =10 | position =right | x = 580 | y = 500 }}}} The villages of [[Çaylaqqala|Khtsaberd (Çaylaqqala)]] and [[Köhnə Tağlar|Hin Tagher (Köhnə Tağlar)]] as well as the [[Katarovank]] monastery, became an Artsakh holdout in the [[Hadrut Province]] during the war.<ref name=CNDec12/> In mid-December, Azerbaijani media reported that armed Armenian groups were attacking [[Azercell]] employees, who were installing equipment, and on 11 December, that an Azerbaijan soldier was injured as a result of an attack from another group of armed Armenians.<ref name="hadrutrend">{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3348647.html |title=Armenians commit terror act in Nagorno-Karabakh region |date=11 December 2020 |access-date=11 December 2020 |work=[[Trend News Agency]] |language=az }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.azvision.az/news/136508/armenians-carry-out-armed-provocation-in-nagorno-karabakh-region.html |title=Armenians carry out armed provocation in Nagorno-Karabakh region |date=11 December 2020 |access-date=11 December 2020 |work=AzVision |language=az }}</ref> This was confirmed by the Azerbaijani military authorities later on, who stated that three Azerbaijani servicemen were killed and two were wounded as a result of a "sudden attack by the Armenians" in [[Sor, Azerbaijan|Sor]], [[Khojavend District]] on 26 November. Also, according to the ministry, on 8 December, one Azerbaijani serviceman was killed and an [[Azercell]] employee was seriously injured during the installation of communication facilities and transmission equipment near Hadrut. Some Azerbaijani sources have claimed that Armenian servicemen have remained in the forests around Hadrut after the [[Battle of Hadrut|battle over the town]], and stated that these Armenian pockets were related to the clashes. Retired Azerbaijani colonel Shair Ramaldanov had stated that there could be "provocative" and "guerrilla-type" actions from the Armenian forces in the region. However, according to Ramaldanov, the Azerbaijani military authorities were taking "security measures" against them.<ref name="bbchadrut">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/azerbaijan-55285924 |title=Azərbaycan MN: "4 hərbi qulluqçumuz öldürülüb" |date=12 December 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref><ref name="voahadrut">{{Cite web |url=https://www.voanews.com/south-central-asia/azerbaijan-says-4-soldiers-killed-amid-cease-fire-violations-nagorno-karabakh |title=Azerbaijan Says 4 Soldiers Killed Amid Cease-Fire Violations in Nagorno-Karabakh |date=13 December 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |work=[[Voice of America]] |language=en }}</ref> The following day, the [[President of Azerbaijan]], [[Ilham Aliyev]] reiterated the Azerbaijani media reports, calling the incident an "act of terrorism" and<ref name="apahadrutaliyev">{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/az/dagliq_qarabag/Azrbaycan-Prezidenti-son-terror-akti-il-bagli-Ermnistana-v-ermni-yaraqlilarina-xbrdarliq-edib-619420 |title=Azərbaycan Prezidenti son terror aktı ilə bağlı Ermənistana və erməni yaraqlılarına xəbərdarlıq edib |archive-url=https://archive.is/mzg6F |archive-date=12 December 2020 |date=12 December 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=[[Azeri Press Agency]] |language=az }}</ref> threatening to crush Armenian forces with an "iron fist".<ref name="hadrutdw">{{Cite web |url=https://www.dw.com/en/nagorno-karabakh-russian-army-reports-ceasefire-breach/a-55918875 |title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Russian army reports ceasefire breach |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=12 December 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 }}</ref> Later on, the Azerbaijani military authorities accused the Armenian forces of violating the ceasefire and stated that its forces restored the ceasefire.<ref name="hadrutguardian" /> Artsakh authorities refuted that any Armenian forces had attacked Azerbaijani positions, and stated that Azerbaijani forces had launched military operations in the region, injuring six Armenian servicemen,<ref name="hadrutaljazeera">{{Cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/12/13/karabakh-ceasefire-breached-says-russian-army |title=Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire breached with fighting under way |date=13 December 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en }}</ref> while the Azerbaijani ministry of foreign affairs reiterated that the "provocative activity" was committed by the remnants of the Armenian forces.<ref name="bbchadrut" /> Later, Artsakh authorities stated that the Azerbaijani forces had launched a new offensive in [[Çaylaqqala|Khtsaberd]] and [[Köhnə Tağlar|Hin Tagher]], the only settlements in the region that were still controlled by Armenian forces. They noted that the two villages have been fully encircled by the Azerbaijani army, which controls the only road leading to them.<ref name="hadrutguardian" /> The office of the Armenian prime minister urged the Russian peacekeepers to respond.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/267723/ |title=Пресс-секретарь премьер-министра Армении призвала российских миротворцев отреагировать на атаку азербайджанцев |date=12 December 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=Armenian Report |language=ru }}</ref> Artsakh authorities confirmed that the Azerbaijani forces had entered the villages, and stated that the Russian peacekeeping forces had arrived to resolve the situation.<ref name="hadrutcontrol">{{Cite web |url=https://armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/267741/ |title=Айк Ханумян: "Азербайджанцы вошли в села Хцаберд и Ин Тахер, но ведутся переговоры" |date=12 December 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=Armenian Report |language=ru }}</ref> The Armenian President, [[Armen Sarksyan]] stated that Hin Tagher had been captured by Azerbaijani forces on 12 December, continuing their advance towards Khtsaberd.<ref name=AzbarezDec13 /><ref name=RFERLDec13 /> The Russian peacekeeping forces confirmed that the ceasefire was breached,<ref name="hadrutguardian">{{Cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/12/armenian-officials-and-azerbaijan-accuse-of-breeching-nagorno-karabakh-peace-deal |title=Nagorno-Karabakh: both sides blame each other over ceasefire violations |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 December 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 }}</ref> and requested that both sides respect the ceasefire.<ref name="hadrutscmp">{{Cite web |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/world/russia-central-asia/article/3113744/karabakh-ceasefire-ended-conflict-azerbaijan-and |title=Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire that ended conflict in Azerbaijan and Armenia in November breached, says Russian army |date=12 December 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=[[South China Morning Post]] }}</ref> On 13 December, Hin Tagher came under the control of the Russian peacekeeping contingent.<ref name="russiatagher">{{Cite web |url=https://armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/267768/ |title=Арцахское село Хин тахер, за которое шли ожесточенные бои, перешло под контроль российских миротворцев |date=13 December 2020 |access-date=16 December 2020 |work=Armenian Report |language=ru }}</ref> On the same day, the Armenian president Armen Sarkissian called on the National Assembly to convene an extraordinary session regarding the issue.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/267747/ |title=Президент Армении потребовал от МО и МИД разъяснений по Гадруту и призвал НС созвать внеочередное заседание |date=13 December 2020 |access-date=16 December 2020 |work=Armenian Report |language=ru }}</ref> and the Armenian PM Nikol Pashinyan convened an emergency meeting of the Armenian Security Council.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/267757/ |title=Пашинян созвал экстренное заседание Совбеза Армении |date=13 December 2020 |access-date=16 December 2020 |work=Armenian Report |language=ru }}</ref> However, the next day, the Russian Ministry of Defence released a map showing both villages outside of the borders of the peacekeeping mission,<ref name="infografika">{{Cite web |url=http://mil.ru/russian_peacekeeping_forces/infograf.htm |title=Инфографика |date=14 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=Ministry of Defence of Russia |language=ru }}</ref> and both came under Azerbaijan's control.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/azerbaijan-55253513 |title=Hadrutun iki kəndi yenidən Azərbaycanın nəzarətindədir |date=13 December 2020 |access-date=16 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> On 15 December, the Azerbaijani sources shared footage, apparently showing over 100 Armenian POWs from the Hadrut region. The following day, Artsakh authorities stated that they had started an investigation to identify the people in the videos,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/268004/ |titleМинобороны Армении ждет разъяснений от Армии обороны Арцаха о видеозаписях пленения азербайджанцами армянских военных |date=15 December 2020 |access-date=16 December 2020 |work=Armenian Report |language=ru }}</ref> and then reported that about 60 Armenian servicemen went missing.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-55329493 |title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Dozens of Armenian soldiers 'captured in raid' |date=16 December 2020 |access-date=16 December 2020 }}</ref> Hours later, Artsakh authorities confirmed several dozen of the troops were captured by the Azerbaijani forces.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-military/nagorno-karabakh-accuses-azeri-forces-of-capturing-its-troops-despite-ceasefire-deal-idUSKBN28Q1AR Nagorno-Karabakh accuses Azeri forces of capturing troops despite ceasefire]</ref> Meanwhile, the Armenian media reported that the Azerbaijani forces allowed about 30 Armenian soldiers who were encircled to leave the region with the help of the Russian peacekeeping forces.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/268041/ |title=Более 30 оказавшихся в азербайджанском окружении армянских военных смогли выбраться |date=16 December 2020 |access-date=16 December 2020 |work=Armenian Report |language=ru }}</ref> Then, the people in [[Shirak Province|Shirak]] blocked the road leading to the [[Armenia–Georgia border]], demanding the return of the Armenian POWs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/268027/ |title=Возмущенные тем, что правительство не интересуется пропавшими солдатами, жители Ширака перекрыли дорогу |date=16 December 2020 |access-date=16 December 2020 |work=Armenian Report |language=ru }}</ref> == Casualties, equipment losses and infrastructure damage == {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | image1 = | caption1 = Rescue teams in [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]], second-largest city of [[Azerbaijan]], at a site hit by an [[2020 Ganja ballistic missile attacks|attack]]. | image2 = Stepanakert on October 4, 2020.webm | thumbtime2 = 00:27 | caption2 = [[Stepanakert]], the capital city of the [[Republic of Artsakh]], has been heavily damaged by [[2020 bombardment of Stepanakert|shelling during the conflict]]. }} {{main|Casualties of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war}} Casualties have been high,<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|title=The human cost of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/12/the-human-cost-of-the-nagorno-karabakh-conflict|access-date=2020-10-15|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref> officially in the low thousands. According to official figures released by the belligerents, Armenia lost 2,996 troops killed,<ref name="ArmenianKIA">{{Cite news|date=2020-12-11|title=Artsakh military death toll reaches 2996 as retrieval and identification of bodies continues|language=en-GB|work=Armenpress|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1037547.html|access-date=2020-12-11}}</ref> while Azerbaijan lost 2,783 troops killed with more than 100 [[missing in action]].<ref name="APNewslosses">{{cite web | url =https://apnews.com/article/ilham-aliyev-baku-europe-azerbaijan-armenia-60f557a66cea75d936f1299a7eb4d643|title=Azerbaijan says 2,783 troops killed over Nagorno-Karabakh |publisher=AP| date=3 December 2020| accessdate =3 December 2020}}</ref> However, it was noted that the sides downplayed the number of their own casualties and exaggerated the numbers of enemy casualties and injuries.<ref name="jamnews">{{cite web | url =https://jam-news.net/karabakh-casualties-experts-opinion/|title=Military experts from Armenia and Azerbaijan question official casualty figures |publisher=JAMnews| date=3 October 2020| accessdate =18 October 2020}}</ref> Civilian areas, including major cities, have been hit, including Azerbaijan's second-largest city, Ganja, and the region's capital, Stepanakert, with many buildings and homes destroyed.<ref>{{cite news|date=2020-10-05|title=In pictures: Fighting rages in Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54418901|access-date=2020-10-05|archive-date=2020-10-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005180202/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54418901|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2020-10-04|title=Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: Major cities hit as heavy fighting continues|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54407436|access-date=2020-10-05|archive-date=2020-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004100202/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54407436|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Ghazanchetsots Cathedral]] has also been damaged.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ronzheimer |first1=Paul|last2=Moutafis|first2=Giorgos|date=9 October 2020|title=Church bombed to ruins|language=de|publisher=Bild|url=https://m.bild.de/politik/international/bild-international/bild-reporter-at-armenian-frontline-church-bombed-to-ruins-73330690,view=amp.bildMobile.html|archive-url=https://archive.vn/xwnWw|archive-date=9 October 2020}}</ref> Several outlets reported increased cases of [[COVID-19]] in Nagorno-Karabakh, particularly the city of Stepanakert, where the population is forced to live in overcrowded [[bunker]]s, due to Azerbaijan artillery and drone strikes, and difficulty in testing and contact tracing.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/virus-outbreak-pandemics-azerbaijan-armenia-europe-14f519a45ce899c2c7a52cba7c876850|title=Coronavirus spreads in Nagorno-Karabakh amid heavy fighting|date=2020-10-21|website=apnews.com|agency=Associated Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/coronavirus/coronavirus-thrives-in-karabakh-s-bomb-shelters-1.5159270|title=Coronavirus thrives in Karabakh's bomb shelters|date=2020-10-24|website=ctvnews.ca|publisher=CTV News}}</ref> === Casualties === ==== Civilians ==== The Armenian authorities stated that 55 Armenian civilians were killed during the war,<ref name="ArmenianKIA2"/> while another 40 went missing.<ref name="Armmissing">{{Cite web |url=https://oc-media.org/armenia-awaits-complete-numbers-of-killed-soldiers-and-pows/ |title=Armenia awaits complete numbers of killed soldiers and POWs |date=10 December 2020 |access-date=16 December 2020 |work=OC-Media |language=en }}</ref> According to Azerbaijani sources, the Armenian military has targeted densely populated areas containing civilian structures.<ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=One more civil person killed as a result of shelling of residential settlements by Armenia|website=apa.az|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/One-more-civil-person-killed-as-a-result-of-shelling-of-residential-settlements-by-Armenia-331411|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> As of 9 November 2020, the [[Prosecutor General's Office of Azerbaijan|Prosecutor General's Office of the Republic of Azerbaijan]] stated that during the war, as a result of reported shelling by Armenian artillery and rocketing, 100 people had been killed, while 416 people had been wounded.<ref name="AzerCivs"/> Also, during the post-war clashes, the Azerbaijani authorities stataed that an [[Azercell]] employee was seriously injured during the installation of communication facilities and transmission equipment near [[Hadrut]].<ref name="bbchadrut" /> As of 23 October 2020, the Armenian authorities has stated that the conflict had displaced more than half of Nagorno-Karabakh's population or approximately 90,000 people.<ref name="riadisplaced"/> The [[International Rescue Committee]] has also claimted that more than half of the population of Nagorno-Karabakh has been displaced by the conflict.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rescue.org/article/crisis-watch-breaking-news-international-rescue-committee|title=Crisis Watch: Breaking news from the International Rescue Committee|date=2020-11-07|website=rescue.org|publisher=International Rescue Committee}}</ref> As of 2 November 2020, the Azerbaijani authorities has stated that the conflict had displaced approximately 40,000 people in Azerbaijan.<ref name="azerbaijandisplaced"/> Seven journalists have been injured.<ref name=":12"/><ref name="anarshushali"/> On 1 October 2020, two French journalists from ''[[Le Monde]]'' covering the clashes in [[Khojavend (town)|Khojavend]] were injured by Azerbaijani shellfire.<ref>"[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/01/two-french-reporters-injured-amid-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict Two French reporters "injured" amid Armenia–Azerbaijan conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007002854/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/01/two-french-reporters-injured-amid-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict|date=2020-10-07}}", ''The Guardian'' 1 October 2020</ref> A week later, three Russian journalists reporting in [[Shusha]] were seriously injured by an Azerbaijani attack.<ref>"[https://armenpress.am/arm/news/1030925.html Շուշիի Ղազանչեցոց եկեղեցու հրթիռակոծությունից վիրավորված ռուս լրագրողներից մեկի վիճակը ծայրահեղ ծանր է] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011141032/https://armenpress.am/arm/news/1030925.html |date=2020-10-11}}" ArmenPress 8 October 2020</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.am/eng/news/606904.html|title=Russia MFA: Russian reporters wounded in Nagorno-Karabakh conflict zone to be transported to Yerevan|publisher=Armenia News|date=10 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011141035/https://news.am/eng/news/606904.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On 19 October 2020, according to Azerbaijani sources, an Azerbaijani [[AzTV]] journalist received shrapnel wounds from Armenian shellfire in Aghdam District.<ref name="anarshushali">{{cite news |url=https://ria.ru/20201019/karabakh-1580506732.html|title=Азербайджан заявил о четырех пострадавших при обстреле Агдамского района|date=19 October 2020|access-date=19 October 2020|publisher=RIA Novosti |language=ru}}</ref> [[File:Azerbaijani combattants of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.jpg|thumb|left|Wounded Azerbaijani servicemen attending the [[Baku Victory Parade of 2020|victory parade]] on 10 December.]] ==== Military ==== Artsakh authorities reported the deaths of 2,996 servicemen during the conflict,<ref name="ArmenianKIA1"/> while the Azerbaijani authorities stated that more than 5,000 Armenian servicemen were killed, and several times more were wounded as of 28 October 2020.<ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan">{{cite news|url=http://interfax.az/view/817779 |title=ВС Армении потеряли убитыми порядка 5 тыс. человек в ходе боевых действий в Карабахе – президент Азербайджана |work=Interfax |date=28 October 2020 |access-date=3 December 2020 |language=ru }}</ref> After the war, the former director of the Armenian National Security Service, [[Artur Vanetsyan]], had also stated that some 5,000 Armenians were killed during the war.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/265642/ |title=Артур Ванецян: "Поражение Армении в войне – результат некомпетентного управления" |work=Armenian Report |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=25 September 2020 |language=ru }}</ref> Also, the Armenian authorities had stated that about 60 Armenian servicemen were captured by Azerbaijan as prisoners of war.<ref name="ARMPOW1">{{Cite web |url=https://armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/266832/ |title=МИД Армении и Красный Крест объединят усилия для решения вопроса пленных |date=2 December 2020 |access-date=2 December 2020 |work=Armenian Report |language=ru }}</ref> During the post-war clashes, the Armenian government stated that several dozen more of their servicemen were captured,<ref name="sevdozcap" /> and 60 others went missing.<ref name="ARMmiss" /> On 27 October 2020, Artsakh authorities stated that its defense minister [[Jalal Harutyunyan]] was wounded in action.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/27/jalal-harutyunyan-wounded-mikael-arzumanyan-appointed-artsakh-defense-minister/|title=Jalal Harutyunyan wounded, Mikael Arzumanyan appointed Artsakh Defense Minister|date=27 October 2020|access-date=27 October 2020}}</ref> However, unofficial Azerbaijani military sources alleged that he was killed and released footage apparently showing the assassination from a drone camera.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://teleqraf.com/news/ermenistan/266523.html|title=Arutunyan belə məhv edilib – Video|date=27 October 2020|access-date=27 October 2020|language=az|website=Teleqraf.com}}</ref> During the conflict, the government of Azerbaijan did not reveal the number of its military casualties.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54338454|title=Armenia–Azerbaijan conflict: Casualties mount in Nagorno-Karabakh battle|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|date=29 September 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=5 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005135938/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54338454|url-status=live}}</ref> On 3 December, Azerbaijan stated that 2,783 of its soldiers had been killed during the war, while another 100 went missing.<ref name="2783soldiers">{{Cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/12/3/azerbaijan-says-2783-soldiers-killed-in-nagorno-karabakh-clashes |title=Azerbaijan says 2,783 soldiers killed in Nagorno-Karabakh clashes |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |date=3 December 2020 |access-date=3 December 2020 |language=en }}</ref> Also, Azerbaijani authorities stated that four more Azerbaijani servicemen were killed during the post-war clashes.<ref name="bbchadrut" /> On 23 October 2020, President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, confirmed that [[Shukur Hamidov]] who was made [[National Hero of Azerbaijan]] in 2016, was killed during the operations in [[Qubadli District]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.turan.az/ext/news/2020/10/free/politics%20news/en/129051.htm |title=Hero of Azerbaijan Shukur Hamidov Died|date=23 October 2020|access-date=26 October 2020|agency=Turan Information Agency}}</ref> This was the first military casualty officially confirmed by the government. However, Armenian and Artsakh authorities have claimed 7,630 Azerbaijani soldiers and Syrian mercenaries were killed.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/11/08/azerbaijans-military-death-toll-reaches-7630/|title=Azerbaijan's military death toll reaches 7,630|website=armenpress.am|access-date=8 November 2020|date=8 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1031389.html|title=Artsakh's Defense Army publishes another list of casualties|newspaper=Armenpress|date=12 October 2020|access-date=12 October 2020}}</ref> The [[Syrian Observatory for Human Rights]] documented the death of at least 541 Syrian fighters or mercenaries fighting for Azerbaijan.<ref name="syriandead"/> On 14 November 2020, the Observatory reported the death of a commander of the [[Syrian National Army|Syrian National Army's]] [[Hamza Division (Aleppo)|Hamza Division]].<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-11-14|title= Turkish-backed mercenaries {{!}} Nearly 800 Syrian fighters killed in Libya and Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/192201/|access-date=2020-11-14|publisher=The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights}}</ref> === Infrastructure damage === [[File:Damaged Ghazanchetsots Cathedral in Shushi.png|thumb|right|upright=0.9|The [[Armenian Apostolic Church|Armenian Apostolic]] [[Ghazanchetsots Cathedral]] in [[Shusha]] was [[2020 Ghazanchetsots Cathedral shelling|shelled twice]] during the conflict.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Armenia accuses Azerbaijan of shelling Shusha cathedral |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54465172|agency=BBC News|date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://archive.vn/6BeN7|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54488386|title=Armenia Azerbaijan: Reports of fresh shelling dent ceasefire hopes|work=BBC News|date=11 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Ronzheimer|first1=Paul|last2=Moutafis|first2=Giorgos|title=Church bombed to ruins|url=https://m.bild.de/politik/international/bild-international/bild-reporter-at-armenian-frontline-church-bombed-to-ruins-73330690,view=amp.bildMobile.html|publisher=Bild|date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://archive.vn/xwnWw|archive-date=9 October 2020|language=de}}</ref>]] [[File:Sharapnell damages to a house in Tartar (cropped).png|thumb|right|Azerbaijani authorities had stated that over a thousand civilian objects were damaged in the territory of the [[Tartar District]] as a result of the [[Bombardment of Tartar|bombardment of the district]].<ref name="mammadov2"/><ref name="heydarov">{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/az/dagliq_qarabag/Isci-Qrupun-rhbri-Trtrd-islri-yekunlasdirmaq-ucun-daha-3-komkci-qrup-yaradilacaq-616625 |title=İşçi Qrupun rəhbəri: "Tərtərdə işləri yekunlaşdırmaq üçün daha 3 köməkçi qrup yaradılacaq" |date=24 November 2020 |access-date=11 December 2020 |work=[[Azeri Press Agency]] |language=az }}</ref>]] The [[Ghazanchetsots Cathedral]] in [[Shusha]] [[2020 Ghazanchetsots Cathedral shelling|has been damaged]]. On 19 October 2020, strong fire broke out in a cotton plant in [[Azad Qaraqoyunlu]], [[Tartar District]], as a result of the Armenian artillery shelling, with several large hangars of the plant getting completely burned down.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://ria.ru/20201019/pozhar-1580535542.html|title=В азербайджанском Тертере загорелся хлопковый завод после обстрелов|date=19 October 2020|access-date=19 October 2020|language=ru|publisher=RIA Novosti}}</ref> An Armenian-backed Nagorno-Karabakh human rights ombudsman report noted 5,800 private properties destroyed and 520 private vehicles, with damage to 960 items of civilian infrastructure, and industrial and public and objects.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://yerkirmedia.am/hy/article/2020/10/11/23899/|title=Արցախում լրջորեն վնասվել է ավելի քան 5800 անշարժ գույք|work=[[Yerkir Media]]|date=11 October 2020|access-date=3 December 2020}}</ref> On 16 November 2020, the [[Prosecutor General's Office of Azerbaijan|Prosecutor General's Office of the Republic of Azerbaijan]] reported 3,410 private houses, 512 civilian facilities, and 120 multi-storey residential buildings being damaged throughout the war.<ref name="AzerCivs" /> === Equipment losses === By 7 October 2020, Azerbaijan reported to have destroyed about 250 tanks and other armored vehicles; 150 other military vehicles; 11 command and command-observation posts; 270 artillery units and [[MLRS]]s, including a [[BM-27 Uragan]]; 60 Armenian anti-aircraft systems, including 4 S-300 and 25 [[9K33 Osa]]s; 18 UAVs and 8 arms depots.<ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan"/><ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan2">{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Azerbaijan's-MoD:-Up-to-200-tanks-228-artillery-cannons-300-units-of-air-defense-systems-of-Armenia-destroyed-331801|title=Azerbaijan's MoD: Up to 200 tanks, 228 artillery cannons, 300 units of air defense systems of Armenia destroyed|website=apa.az|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020 |archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001213252/https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Azerbaijan%27s-MoD%3A-Up-to-200-tanks-228-artillery-cannons-300-units-of-air-defense-systems-of-Armenia-destroyed-331801|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan3">{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/frontline-news/Azerbaijani-MoD:-List-of-the-enemy's-destroyed-military-equipment-colorredLISTcolor-332284|title=Azerbaijani MoD: List of the enemy's destroyed military equipment|website=apa.az|date=7 October 2020|access-date=7 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan4">{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Azerbaijani-President-announces-list-of-destroyed-and-looted-military-equipment-of-Armenia-332516|title=Azerbaijani President announces list of destroyed and looted military equipment of Armenia|website=apa.az|date=9 October 2020|access-date=9 October 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011141826/https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Azerbaijani-President-announces-list-of-destroyed-and-looted-military-equipment-of-Armenia-332516|url-status=live}}</ref> destroyed. As of 16 October 2020, the Azerbaijani President stated that the Armenian losses were at US$2&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite news|date=16 October 2020|title=Ilham Aliyev: Armenian army suffers damage of US$2 billion|agency=Report Information Agency|url=https://report.az/en/nagorno-karabakh-conflict/ilham-aliyev-armenian-army-suffers-damage-of-2-billion/|access-date=20 October 2020}}</ref> In turn an Azerbaijani helicopter was stated to have been damaged, but its crew had apparently returned it to Azerbaijani-controlled territory without casualties.<ref name="azerbaijanihelicoptersurvived">{{cite news |url=https://report.az/herbi-xeberler/terterde-zedelenen-doyus-helikopteri-pesekarliqla-oz-erazimize-endirilib/|title=Tərtərdə zədələnən döyüş helikopteri peşəkarlıqla öz ərazimizə endirilib|access-date=29 September 2020|date=27 September 2020|website=report.az|publisher=Report Information Agency|language=az|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001213053/https://report.az/herbi-xeberler/terterde-zedelenen-doyus-helikopteri-pesekarliqla-oz-erazimize-endirilib/|url-status=live}}</ref> Later it was reported that on 12 October 2020, Azerbaijan had destroyed one [[OTR-21 Tochka#Scarab B|Tochka-U]] missile launcher. On 14 October 2020, Azerbaijan stated it had further destroyed five [[T-72]] tanks, three [[BM-21 Grad]] rocket launchers, one 9K33 Osa missile system, one [[BMP-2]] vehicle, one [[100 mm air defense gun KS-19|KS-19]] air defense gun, two [[122 mm howitzer 2A18 (D-30)|D-30]] howitzers and several Armenian army automobiles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3316263.html|title=Военная техника ВС Армении, уничтоженная сегодня ночью – СПИСОК|publisher=Trend News Agency|language=ru|date=14 October 2020|access-date=14 October 2020}}</ref> On the same day, Azerbaijan announced the destruction of three [[R-17 Elbrus]] [[tactical ballistic missile]] launchers that had been targeting [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]] and [[Mingachevir]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mod.gov.az/az/news/yasayis-menteqelerimizi-hedefe-alan-dusmen-raketleri-bolmelerimizin-qabaqlayici-zerbesi-ile-siradan-cixarilib-32975.html |title=Yaşayış məntəqələrimizi hədəfə alan düşmən raketləri bölmələrimizin qabaqlayıcı zərbəsi ilə sıradan çıxarılıb|publisher=Ministry of Defense of Azerbaijan|language=az|date=14 October 2020|access-date=14 October 2020}}</ref> BBC reporters confirmed the destruction of at least one tactical ballistic missile launcher in the vicinity of [[Vardenis]], close to the border with Azerbaijan, and posted photo evidence in support of this information.<ref>{{cite news |title=Где были ракетные комплексы Армении, которые разбомбил Азербайджан? Репортаж Би-би-си |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-54550977 |access-date=21 November 2020 |agency=BBC |date=15 October 2020}}</ref> Later American journalist Josh Friedman posted a high quality video of a destroyed Armenian ballistic missile launcher.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Friedman |first1=Josh |title=Scud Missile Taken Out In Armenia Near Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Fb_I9UPW4U |website=YouTube |access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref> Armenian and Artsakh authorities initially reported the downing of four Azerbaijani helicopters and the destruction of ten tanks and [[IFV]]s, as well as 15 drones.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|title=Ոչնչացվել են հակառակորդի 4 ուղղաթիռ, շուրջ 15 ԱԹՍ, 10 տանկ և հետևակի մարտական մեքենա. ԼՂ ՊՆ|url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/30860621.html|website=«Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան|access-date=2020-10-11|archive-date=2020-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929175806/https://www.azatutyun.am/a/30860621.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Later the numbers were revised to 36 tanks and armored personnel vehicles destroyed, two armored combat engineering vehicles destroyed and four helicopters and 27 unmanned aerial vehicles downed all within the first day of hostilities.<ref name="31killed">{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=Armenia military top brass hold tactical consultation|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029179.html|access-date=28 September 2020|archive-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002201953/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029179.html|url-status=live}}</ref> They released footage showing the [[Cooking off#Tanks|destruction]] or damage of five Azerbaijani tanks.<ref>{{cite web|date=27 September 2020|title=Tanks Ablaze As Azerbaijani Forces Attack Armenian Troops In Disputed Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/sebastienroblin/2020/09/27/tanks-ablaze-as-azerbaijani-forces-attack-armenian-troops-in-disputed-nagorno-karabakh/#7c73fb172f90|work=Forbes|access-date=11 October 2020 |archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009181317/https://www.forbes.com/sites/sebastienroblin/2020/09/27/tanks-ablaze-as-azerbaijani-forces-attack-armenian-troops-in-disputed-nagorno-karabakh/#7c73fb172f90|url-status=live}}</ref> Over the course of 2 October, the Artsakh Defence Army said they had destroyed 39 Azerbaijani military vehicles, including a [[T-90]] tank; four [[SU-25]] fighter-bombers; three [[Mi-24]] attack helicopters; and 17 UAVs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Իրավիճակի ամփոփում ժ. 18։00 դրությամբ. 02.10.2020թ.|trans-title=Situation summary h. As of 18:00. 02.10.2020 |url=https://razm.info/146648|website=razm.info|date=2 October 2020|language=hy|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=7 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007231427/https://razm.info/146648|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Dutch warfare research group Oryx, which documents visually confirmed losses on both sides, Armenia lost 222 tanks (destroyed: 134, damaged: 5, captured: 83), 58 armored fighting vehicles (destroyed: 25, captured: 33), and 540 trucks, vehicles and jeeps (destroyed: 261, damaged: 8, captured: 271), while Azerbaijan lost 36 tanks (destroyed: 22, damaged: 11, abandoned: 1, captured: 2, captured but later lost: 1), 14 armored fighting vehicles (destroyed: 2, damaged: 1, abandoned: 4, captured: 9), 31 trucks, vehicles and jeeps (destroyed: 16, damaged: 9, abandoned: 5, captured: 2), as well 11 old [[An-2]] aircraft, used as unmanned bait in order for Armenia to reveal the location of air defense systems. Oryx only counts destroyed vehicles and equipment of which photo or videographic evidence is available, and therefore, the actual number of equipment destroyed is higher.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Fight For Nagorno-Karabakh: Documenting Losses on The Sides Of Armenia and Azerbaijan |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2020/09/the-fight-for-nagorno-karabakh.html |website=Oryx |access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref> == Analysis == === Nationalist sentiment === {{Further|Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan|Anti-Azerbaijani sentiment in Armenia}} While Armenians and Azerbaijanis lived side by side under Soviet rule, the collapse of the Soviet Union contributed to [[racialization]] and fierce [[nationalism]], causing both Armenians and Azerbaijanis to [[stereotype]] each other, shaping respective sociopolitical discourses.<ref name=":8">{{cite web|last=Oskanian|first=Kevork|title=Perspectives {{!}} Stereotypes and hatred drive the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict {{!}} Eurasianet|url=https://eurasianet.org/perspectives-stereotypes-and-hatred-drive-the-nagorno-karabakh-conflict|access-date=2020-10-11|website=eurasianet.org}}</ref> Before, during and after the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, the growth of anti-Armenian and anti-Azerbaijan sentiment resulted in ethnic violence, including pogroms against Armenians in Azerbaijan, as in [[Sumgait pogrom|Sumgait]] and [[Baku pogrom|Baku]],<ref name="Cornell">{{cite book|last=Cornell|first=Svante|title=Azerbaijan Since Independence |publisher=M.E. Sharpe|year=2010|isbn=978-0765630032|page=48}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rferl.org: Nagorno-Karabakh: Timeline Of The Long Road To Peace |url=http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1065626.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329025222/http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1065626.html|archive-date=29 March 2014|access-date=2 January 2020}}</ref><ref name="rferl2">{{cite news|date=3 February 2003|title=Newsline|newspaper=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1142847.html|url-status=live |access-date=31 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006122039/http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1142847.html|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=17 June 2013 |title=The South Caucasus Between The EU and the Eurasian Union|url=http://www.css.ethz.ch/publications/pdfs/CAD-51-52.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029210003/http://www.css.ethz.ch/publications/pdfs/CAD-51-52.pdf|archive-date=29 October 2013|access-date=3 July 2013|work=Caucasus Analytical Digest #51–52 |publisher=Forschungsstelle Osteuropa, Bremen and Center for Security Studies, Zürich|page=21|issn=1867-9323}}</ref> and against Azerbaijanis in Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh, as at [[Gugark massacre|Gugark]] and [[1988 violence in Shusha and Stepanakert|Stepanakert]].<ref name="nytgugark">{{cite web|last=Barringer|first=Felicity|date=7 December 1988|title=3 More Killed in Soviet Ethnic Protest |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/07/world/3-more-killed-in-soviet-ethnic-protest.html|access-date=5 November 2020|newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="bbcpogrom">{{cite web|date=August 29, 2005|title=Карабах: хронология конфликт|trans-title=Karabakh: Chronology of the conflict|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/russian/news/newsid_3681000/3681079.stm|archive-url=http://archive.is/N7Cn|archive-date=July 11, 2012|access-date=5 November 2020|work=BBC Russian Service|publisher=BBC|language=ru}}</ref><ref name="trud">{{cite web|last=Khlystun|first=Victor|date=1 February 2001|title=10 БАЛЛОВ ПО ШКАЛЕ ПОЛИТБЮРО|trans-title=10 POINTS ON THE POLITBURO SCALE|url=https://www.trud.ru/article/01-02-2001/18874_10_ballov_po_shkale_politbjuro.html|access-date=5 November 2020|newspaper=Trud|language=ru}}</ref><ref name="kavkazpogrom">{{cite journal|last=Papyan|first=Mane |date=22 April 2015|title=Gugark after Sumgait|url=https://caucasusedition.net/gugark-after-sumgait/|journal=Caucasus Edition|language=ru|archive-url=https://archive.is/w4M0c|archive-date=5 November 2020 |access-date=5 November 2020}}</ref> The incitement of hatred and promotion of hate speech is one of the main obstacles to creating the necessary conditions for a peace process.<ref>{{cite web|date=28 April 2017|title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination examines the report of Armenia |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=21550&LangID=E|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007070421/http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=21550&LangID=E|archive-date=7 October 2017|website=ohchr.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2020-10-14|title=Karabakh war leaves civilians shell-shocked and bitter|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54522278|access-date=2020-10-14}}</ref>{{verification needed|date=November 2020}} === Azerbaijani aims === [[File:Nj-38-4-stepanakert-ussr-iran-croppedv1.png|thumb|right|Most of Azerbaijan's initial successful advances were concentrated in the areas located along the [[Aras (river)|Aras River]], which has less mountainous terrain compared to the region's northern and central territories.]] In a 27 September 2020 interview, regional expert [[Thomas de Waal]] said that it was highly unlikely that hostilities were initiated by the Armenian side, as they were already in possession of the disputed territory and were incentivized to normalize the [[status quo]], while "for various reasons, Azerbaijan calculate[d] that military action w[ould] win it something".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ahvalnews.com/azerbaijan-armenia/armenia-lacks-incentives-launch-military-action-now-azerbaijan-moved-first|title=Armenia lacks incentives to launch military action now, Azerbaijan moved in first |first1=Thomas|last1=de Waal|publisher=Ahval News|date=27 September 2020}}</ref> The suspected immediate goal of the Azerbaijani offensive was to capture the districts of [[Fuzuli District|Fuzuli]] and [[Jabrayil District|Jabrayil]] in southern Nagorno-Karabakh, where the terrain is less mountainous and more favorable for offensive operations.<ref name="eurasianet_290920"/> According to Russian military expert Mikhail Khodarenok, Azerbaijan had carefully planned and prepared the offensive operation; however, he added that the Azerbaijani army did not appear to complete its initial objectives during the first five days of the clashes, taking neither Fuzuli nor [[Mardakert]].<ref name="eadaily_021020">{{cite web|date=2 October 2020|title='Забуксовала, заглохла': эксперт о военной операции Азербайджана в Карабахе |url=https://eadaily.com/ru/news/2020/10/02/zabuksovala-zaglohla-ekspert-o-voennoy-operacii-azerbaydzhana-v-karabahe|publisher=EurAsia Daily|language=ru|quote=Азербайджанская армия не выполнила за 5 дней ни одной задачи первого дня. Михаил Ходарёнок}}</ref> Similarly, political scientist Arkady Dubnov of the [[Carnegie Moscow Center]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Аркадий Дубнов |url=https://carnegie.ru/commentary/experts/1113|access-date=2020-10-08|publisher=Carnegie Moscow Center|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Аркадий Дубнов|url=https://globalaffairs.ru/authors/arkadij-dubnov/|access-date=2020-10-08|website=Россия в глобальной политике|language=ru}}</ref> believed that Azerbaijan had launched the offensive to improve Azerbaijan's position in a suitable season for hostilities in the terrain.<ref>{{cite web|last=Аркадий|first=Дубнов|title=Карабах: вулкан проснулся — Аркадий Дубнов — В круге СВЕТА — Эхо Москвы, 29.09.2020|url=https://echo.msk.ru/programs/sorokina/2716421-echo/|access-date=2020-10-08|website=Эхо Москвы|language=ru}}</ref> === Turkey and Russia === {{See also|Russia–Turkey proxy conflict}} The [[geostrategy|geostrategic]] interests of Russia and Turkey in the region were widely commented upon during the war.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.evnreport.com/politics/the-2020-artsakh-war-what-the-world-lacks-now-is-leadership|title=The 2020 Artsakh War: What the World Lacks Now Is Leadership -- evnreport.com|website=evnreport.com|access-date=3 December 2020}}</ref> Both were described as benefiting from the ceasefire agreement, with ''The Economist'' stating that for Russia, China and Turkey, "all sides stand to benefit economically".<ref name="economist-bloody">{{cite news |title=A peace deal ends a bloody war over Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.economist.com/europe/2020/11/14/a-peace-deal-ends-a-bloody-war-over-nagorno-karabakh |access-date=18 November 2020 |work=The Economist |date=14 November 2020}}</ref> In late October, [[2020 Kafr Takharim airstrike|massed Russian airstrikes]] targetted a training camp for [[Sham Legion|Failaq al-Sham]], one of the largest Turkish-backed Sunni Islamist rebel groups in Syria's Idlib province, killing 78 militants in an act widely interpreted as a warning shot to Ankara over the latter's involvement in the Nagorno-Karabakh fighting.<ref>{{cite news |title=Turkish-backed Syrian rebels killed in Russian airstrike |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/turkish-backed-syrian-rebels-killed-in-russian-airstrike/ar-BB1arD6d |access-date=22 November 2020 |work=MSN News |date=27 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Air raids in northwest Syria camp kill dozens of rebel fighters |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/26/airstrike-in-northwestern-syria-kills-over-50-rebel-fighters |access-date=22 November 2020 |work=Al Jazeera |date=26 October 2020}}</ref> ====Turkey==== Azerbaijan and Turkey are bound by ethnic, cultural and historic ties, and both countries refer to [[Azerbaijan–Turkey relations|their relationship]] as being one between "two states, one nation".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/turkey-territorial-disputes-azerbaijan-ankara-armenia-9a95d9690569623adedffe8c16f3588d |first=Suzan|last=Fraser|title=AP Explains: What lies behind Turkish support for Azerbaijan|date=20 October 2020|access-date=20 October 2020|work=Associated Press}}</ref> Turkey (then the [[Ottoman Empire]]) helped Azerbaijan, previously part of the [[Russian Empire]] [[Azerbaijan Democratic Republic|gain its independence]] in 1918, and became the first country to recognize Azerbaijan's independence from the [[Soviet Union]] in 1991.<ref>{{cite web|first=Chinara|last=Musayeva|url=https://tasam.org/Files/Icerik/File/history_of_azerbaijan_-_turkey_relations_e78c28df-19cc-4d90-b290-b5bb571bc6d8.pdf|title=History of Azerbaijan – Turkey Relations|publisher=Turkish Asian Center for Strategic Studies}}</ref> Turkey has also been the guarantor of the [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic]], an exclave of Azerbaijan, since 1921.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eurasianet.org/azerbaijan-building-up-forces-in-nakhchivan |first=Zaur|last=Shiriyev|title=Azerbaijan Building Up Forces in Nakhchivan|date=10 August 2017|access-date=20 October 2020|publisher=Eurasianet}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first=Laçin İdil|last=Öztığ |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/559558#:~:text=T%C3%BCrkiye%2C%201921%20y%C4%B1l%C4%B1nda%20imzalanan%20Moskova,d%C4%B1%C5%9F%20politika%20krizi%20ortaya%20%C3%A7%C4%B1km%C4%B1%C5%9Ft%C4%B1r|title=TÜRKİYE VE ERMENİSTAN İLİŞKİLERİNDE NAHÇIVAN SORUNU|date=26 January 2018|access-date=20 October 2020|journal=Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies|via=DergiPark|language=tr|volume=36|pages=413–430}}</ref> Other commentators have seen Turkey's support for Azerbaijan as part of an activist foreign policy, linking it with [[Neo-Ottomanism|neo-Ottoman]] policies in [[Turkish occupation of northern Syria|Syria]], [[Operations Claw-Eagle and Tiger|Iraq]], and the Eastern Mediterranean.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ulgen |first1=Sinan |title=A Weak Economy Won't Stop Turkey's Activist Foreign Policy |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/10/06/a-weak-economy-wont-stop-turkeys-activist-foreign-policy/ |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=Foreign Policy |date=6 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19436149.2018.1549232?src=recsys&journalCode=ccri20|doi=10.1080/19436149.2018.1549232|title=Imperial Grandeur and Selective Memory: Re-assessing Neo-Ottomanism in Turkish Foreign and Domestic Politics|year=2019|last1=Wastnidge|first1=Edward|journal=Middle East Critique|volume=28|pages=7–28|s2cid=149534930}}</ref> Turkey's highly visible role in the conflict was described by Armenians as a continuation of the [[Armenian Genocide]], the mass murder and expulsion of 1.5 million Armenians by the [[Imperial Government (Ottoman Empire)|Ottoman government]], particularly given Turkey's [[Armenian Genocide denial|continued denial of the genocide]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia says Turkey seeks to continue genocide in Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-pashinyan-idUSKBN26S0OS|work=Reuters|date=7 October 2020|access-date=22 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Turkey actions amount to "terroristic attack", continuation of genocide: Armenian PM|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/world/2020/10/07/Turkey-actions-amount-to-terroristic-attack-continuation-of-genocide-Armenian-PM |publisher=Al Arabiya|date=7 October 2020|access-date=22 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title="Defend our nation": Armenian diaspora feels pull of another war |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/03/armenian-diaspora-feels-pull-of-another-war-kardashian-azerbaijan|work=The Guardian|date=3 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia's Prime Minister Accuses Turkey of 'Reinstating the Ottoman Empire' in Sending Mercenaries to Nagorno Karabakh|url=https://time.com/5896422/armenia-azerbaijan-conflict-2020/|access-date=2020-10-16|website=time.com}}</ref> Turkey provided military support to Azerbaijan, including military experts and Syrian mercenaries.<ref name="economist-bloody" /> The access corridor stipulated by the ceasefire agreement, linking Nakhchivan and the main part of Azerbaijan through Armenia, would provide Turkey with trade access to [[Central Asia]] and China's [[Belt and Road Initiative]].<ref name="economist-bloody" /> ====Russia==== Russia had sought to maintain good [[Azerbaijan–Russia relations|relations with Azerbaijan]] and had sold weapons to both parties. Even prior to the war, Russia had possessed a [[Russian 102nd Military Base|military base in Armenia]] as part of a [[Armenia–Russia relations#Military union and cooperation|military alliance with Armenia]], and thus was obligated by treaty to defend Armenia in the case of a war. Like in Syria and in Libya's ongoing civil war, Russia and NATO-member Turkey therefore had opposing interests.<ref name=":16">{{cite web|title=Why The Armenia-Azerbaijan Fighting Could Spiral Into A Larger Regional Conflict|url=https://time.com/5894934/armenia-azerbaijan-fighting-regional-conflict/|access-date=2020-10-15|website=time.com}}</ref> Turkey appeared to use the conflict to attempt to leverage its influence in the South Caucasus along its eastern border, using both military and diplomatic resources to extend its sphere of influence in the Middle East, and to marginalize the influence of Russia, another [[regional power]].<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-09-29|title=Is Turkey a brother in arms or just extending its footprint into Nagorno-Karabakh?|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200929-is-turkey-a-brother-in-arms-or-just-extending-its-footprint-into-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=2020-10-04|publisher=France 24}}</ref><ref name="nyt_011020">{{cite news |last=Gall|first=Carlotta|date=2020-10-01|title=Turkey Jumps Into Another Foreign Conflict, This Time in the Caucasus|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/01/world/middleeast/turkey-azerbaijan-armenia-war.html|access-date=2020-10-04|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Russia had historically pursued a policy of maintaining neutrality in the conflict, and Armenia never formally requested aid.<ref name="russiamatters01"/> According to the director of the Russia studies program at the [[CNA (nonprofit)|CNA]], at the beginning of the war Russia was judged to be unlikely to intervene militarily unless Armenia incurred drastic losses.<ref name="russiamatters01"/> However, the 14 October 2020 Azerbaijani strike within Armenian territory threatened to bring the mutual defense pact to the fore.<ref name=":14">{{cite news|date=2020-10-14 |title=Azerbaijan Attack on Armenia Raises Stakes in Karabakh Conflict|publisher=Bloomberg.com|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-10-14/azerbaijan-attack-on-armenia-raises-stakes-in-karabakh-conflict|access-date=2020-10-15}}</ref> In a piece published by the Russian broadsheet ''[[Vedomosti]]'' on 10 November, Konstantin Makienko, a member of the [[State Duma]] Defence Committee, wrote that the geopolitical consequences of the war were "catastrophic" not only for Armenia but for Russia as well, because Moscow's influence in the Southern Caucasus had dwindled while "the prestige of a successful and feisty Turkey, contrariwise, ha[d] increased immensely".<ref name="vedomostimakienko">{{cite newspaper|author=Konstantin Makienko|url=https://www.vedomosti.ru/opinion/articles/2020/11/10/846462-rossiya-proigrala|title=Как Россия проиграла во второй карабахской войне |newspaper=Vedomosti|language=ru|date=10 November 2020}}</ref> Alexander Gabuev of the [[Carnegie Moscow Center]] took the opposite view, describing the peace agreement as "a win for Russia", as it had "prevented the conclusive defeat of Nagorno-Karabakh" and, by placing Russia in charge of the strategic Lachin corridor, boosted the country's leverage in the region.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gabuev |first1=Alexander |title=Viewpoint: Russia and Turkey – unlikely victors of Karabakh conflict |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54903869 |access-date=18 November 2020 |work=BBC News |agency=Carnegie Moscow Center |date=12 November 2020}}</ref> === Military tactics === Azerbaijan's oil wealth allowed it to have a consistently higher [[military budget]] than Armenia,<ref name="economist-bloody" /> and it had purchased advanced weapons systems from Israel, Russia and Turkey.<ref name=":6" /> Despite the similar size of both militaries, Azerbaijan possessed superior tanks, armored personnel carriers and infantry fighting vehicles,<ref name=":12"/> and had also amassed a fleet of Turkish and Israeli drones. Armenia built its own drones, but these were greatly inferior to Turkish and Israeli drones possessed by Azerbaijan.<ref name=":12"/> Azerbaijan had a quantitative advantage in artillery systems, particularly [[self-propelled gun]]s and long-range [[multiple rocket launcher]]s, while Armenia had a minor advantage in tactical ballistic missiles.<ref name=warontherocks/> Because of the air defence systems possessed by both sides, there was little use of manned aviation during the conflict.<ref name=":12"/> In the opinion of military analyst Michael Kofman, Director of the Russia Studies Program at the [[CNA (nonprofit)|CNA]] and a Fellow at the [[Kennan Institute]], Azerbaijan deployed mercenaries from Syria pursuing the goal of minimising Azeri troop casualties: "They took quite a few casualties early on, especially in the south-east, and these mercenaries were essentially used as expendable assault troops to go in the first wave. They calculated quite cynically that if it turned out these offensives were not successful early on, then it was best these casualties would be among mercenaries not Azerbaijani forces."<ref name="bbckofman">{{cite web|last=Butler|first=Ed|title=The Syrian mercenaries used as 'cannon fodder' in Nagorno-Karabakh|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/stories-55238803|date=10 December 2020|website=[[BBC]]}}</ref> According to Gustav Gressel, a Senior Policy Fellow at the [[European Council on Foreign Relations]], the Armenian Army was superior to the Azerbaijani Army on a tactical level, with better officers, a more agile leadership, and more highly motivated soldiers but this was overcome by Azerbaijan's ability to use drones to discover both Armenian forward and reserve positions and then use conventional artillery and ballistic missiles to isolate and destroy Armenian forces.<ref name=ecfr>[https://ecfr.eu/article/military-lessons-from-nagorno-karabakh-reason-for-europe-to-worry/ Military lessons from Nagorno-Karabakh: Reason for Europe to worry]</ref> Gressel argues that European militaries are no better prepared for anti-drone warfare than Armenia's (with only France and Germany having some limited jamming capabilities) and warns that a lack of gun-based self-propelled air-defence systems and radar systems capable of "plot-fusion" (the ability to combine radar echoes from multiple radars) which is needed to track drones make European forces extremely vulnerable to loitering munitions and small drones.<ref name=ecfr/> In the opinion voiced by Russian military expert Vladimir Yevseev after the end of the war, for reasons that were not completely clear, Armenia appeared not to have executed the mobilisation it had announced and the mobilised personnel were hardly ever deployed to the area of conflict.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.svoboda.org/a/30956980.html |title=РФ могла оказывать поддержку только с территории Ирана |date=18 November 2020|language=ru}}</ref> ==== Drone warfare ==== [[File:Baku pipelines.svg|thumb|upright=0.9|The [[Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline]] (green) is one of several pipelines running from Baku.]] Azerbaijan made highly effective use of drones and sensors, demonstrating what ''The Economist'' described as a "new, more affordable type of air power".<ref name=":6"/> Azerbaijani drones, notably the [[Bayraktar TB2]], were used to carry out precise [[Drone strike|strikes]] and carry out [[reconnaissance]], relaying the coordinates of targets to Azerbaijani artillery.<ref name=":2"/> Commentators noted that the use of drones in Nagorno-Karabakh illustrated how they enabled small countries to conduct effective air campaigns, potentially making [[Low-intensity conflict|low-level conflicts]] much more deadly.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Roblin|first1=Sébastien|title=How an explosion of cheap armed drones is changing the nature of warfare|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/cheap-drones-china-turkey-israel-are-fueling-conflicts-armenia-azerbaijan-ncna1243246|website=NBC News}}</ref> [[Close air support]] was provided by specialized suicide drones, such as [[IAI Harop]], rendering tanks vulnerable and suggesting changes are required to armored warfare doctrine.<ref>{{cite web|last=Parakilas|first=Jacob|title=Tanks versus Drones Isn't Rock, Paper, Scissors|url=https://thediplomat.com/2020/10/tanks-vs-drones-isnt-rock-paper-scissors/|access-date=2020-10-15|website=thediplomat.com}}</ref> Another suicide drone, the Turkish-made [[STM Kargu]], was also reportedly used by Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.defenceturk.net/stmnin-yerli-kamikaze-ihasi-kargu-azerbaycanda-goruldu|title=STM'nin yerli kamikaze İHA'sı KARGU Azerbaycan'da görüldü|date=29 October 2020 |language=tr}}</ref><ref name="cnnturk">{{cite web|url=https://www.cnnturk.com/dunya/ilk-kez-libyada-kullanilmisti-bu-kez-azerbaycanda-goruntulendi|title=İlk kez Libya'da kullanılmıştı! Bu kez Azerbaycan'da görüntülendi|date=28 September 2020|language=tr|publisher=CNN Türk}}</ref> ==== Targeting of pipelines ==== Concerns were raised about the security of the [[petroleum industry in Azerbaijan]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict poses threat to regional energy corridor |url=https://eurasianet.org/azerbaijan-armenia-conflict-poses-threat-to-regional-energy-corridor|publisher=Eurasianet|date=9 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=BP "deeply concerned" as pipeline attack raises stakes in Azerbaijan conflict|url=https://www.spglobal.com/platts/en/market-insights/latest-news/natural-gas/100720-bp-deeply-concerned-as-pipeline-attack-raises-stakes-in-azerbaijan-conflict |publisher=S&P Global|date=7 October 2020}}</ref> Azerbaijan claimed that Armenia targeted, or tried to target, the [[Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline]], which accounted for around 80% of country's oil exports, and the [[Baku–Novorossiysk pipeline]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Armenia-tries-to-target-Baku-Novorossiysk-pipeline-leading-to-Russia.html|title=Armenia tries to target Baku-Novorossiysk pipeline leading to Russia|date=19 October 2020|website=vestnikkavkaza.net}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Armenia reportedly attacks Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/azerbaijan-front-line/armenia-reportedly-attacks-baku-tbilisi-ceyhan-pipeline/1998053|publisher=Anadolu Agency|date=6 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Azerbaijan warns over pipelines as Nagorno-Karabakh tensions rise |url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/azerbaijan/news/azerbaijan-warns-over-pipelines-as-nagorno-karabakh-tensions-rise/|publisher=EURACTIV|date=15 October 2020}}</ref> Armenia rejected the accusations.<ref>{{cite news|title=Azerbaijan Says Pipeline Targeted In Fighting; Armenia Rejects Accusation|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/azerbaijan-says-pipeline-targeted-in-fighting-armenia-rejects-accusation/30879737.html |publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|date=7 October 2020}}</ref> ==== Use of propaganda ==== [[File:Photo of the Armenian soldier from the frontline (Yerevan, Armenia).jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|right|Billboards in [[Yerevan]] have been displaying footage released by the Armenian Ministry of Defence since the beginning of the conflict.]] {{See also|State-sponsored Internet propaganda}} Both sides have engaged in extensive [[propaganda]] campaigns through the use of official mainstream and social media accounts magnified online,<ref name=":9"/> including in Russian media. The ability of drones to record their kills has enabled a highly effective Azerbaijani propaganda campaign.<ref name=":2"/><ref name=":6"/> In Baku, digital billboards have broadcast high-resolution footage of missiles striking Armenian soldiers, tanks, and other materiel. Azerbaijan's President Ilham Aliyev told Turkish television that Azerbaijani-operated drones had reduced the number of Azerbaijan's casualties, stating, "These drones show Turkey's strength" and "empowers" Azerbaijanis.<ref name=":12">{{cite web|last=Forestier-Walker|first=Robin|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: New weapons for an old conflict spell danger |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2020/10/13/nagorno-karabakh-new-weapons-for-an-old-conflict-spell-danger|access-date=2020-10-15|website=aljazeera.com}}</ref> ==== Cyberwarfare ==== Hackers from Armenia and Azerbaijan, as well as their allied countries have actively participated in [[cyberwarfare]], with Azerbaijani hackers targeting Armenian websites and posting Aliyev's statements,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.azerbaycan24.com/en/azerbaijani-hackers-broke-into-over-90-armenian-websites-video/|title=Azerbaijani hackers broke into over 90 armenian websites – VIDEO|website=azerbaycan24.com |date=27 September 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> and Greek hackers targeting Azerbaijani governmental websites.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://artsakh.news/en/news/190391|title=Greek hackers from Anonymous Greece hacked 159 state websites of Azerbaijan|website=artsakhnews|date=23 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> There has been coordinated efforts from both sides on social media regarding postings of content. [[Misinformation]] and videos of older events have been shared as new and different events related to the war. New social media account creation that post about Armenia and Azerbaijan has spiked, with many from authentic users, but many inauthentic accounts have also been detected.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Giles|first1=Christopher|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: The Armenian-Azeri "information wars" |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54614392|publisher=BBC|access-date=October 27, 2020|date=October 26, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Fighting Over Nagorno-Karabakh Spells Spike For Twitter And Its Hashtag Narratives|url=https://gandhara.rferl.org/a/nagorno-karabakh-figiting-spike-twitter-hashtag-narratives-armenia-azerbaijan/30894315.html|publisher=Gandhara|access-date=October 27, 2020|date=October 15, 2020}}</ref> == Suspected war crimes == [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|UN Secretary-General]] [[António Guterres]] stated that "indiscriminate attacks on populated areas anywhere, including in [[Stepanakert]], [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]] and other localities in and around the immediate Nagorno-Karabakh zone of conflict, were totally unacceptable".<ref name="United Nations">{{cite web|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/10/1075672|title=Both sides obliged to 'spare and protect civilians' over Nagorno-Karabakh fighting declares UN's Guterres|date=18 October 2020|access-date=19 October 2020|publisher=United Nations}}</ref> [[Amnesty International]] stated that both Azerbaijani and Armenian forces committed war crimes during recent fighting in Nagorno-Karabakh, and called on Azerbaijani and Armenian authorities to immediately conduct independent, impartial investigations, identify all those responsible, and bring them to justice.<ref name="amnestybehead">{{cite web |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/12/armenia-azerbaijan-decapitation-and-war-crimes-in-gruesome-videos-must-be-urgently-investigated/ |title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: Decapitation and war crimes in gruesome videos must be urgently investigated |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=10 December 2020 |website=amnesty.org |publisher=[[Amnesty International]] }}</ref><ref name="guardianwarcrimes" /> Azerbaijan started an investigation on war crimes by Azerbaijani servicemen in November<ref name="azeinvestigate" /> and as of 14 December, has arrested four of its servicemen.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/12/14/azerbaijan-arrests-soldiers-suspected-of-war-crimes |title=Azerbaijan arrests soldiers suspected of war crimes |date=14 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] }}</ref> Neither Armenia, nor Artsakh has done anything in this regard. === Armenian === [[File:Destroyed apartment located in Shikharkh.png|thumb|The Armenian forces had indiscriminately shelled the town of [[Shikharkh, Azerbaijan|Shikharkh]], damaging apartments and schools.<ref name="hrwarmeniancrimes" /> The town was built for the Azerbaijani refugees of the [[First Nagorno-Karabakh War|First Nagorno-Karabakh war]].<ref name="ismayilov">{{Cite web |first=Rovshan |last=Ismayilov |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/azerbaijan/azerbaijan-life-frontlines |title=Azerbaijan: Life on the Frontlines |work=[[Eurasianet]] |via=[[ReliefWeb]] |date=5 July 2007 |access-date=11 December 2020 |language=en }}</ref>]] Armenia struck several Azerbaijani cities outside of the conflict zone, most frequently [[Tartar (city)|Tartar]], [[Beylagan (city)|Beylagan]] and [[Barda, Azerbaijan|Barda]].<ref>{{cite web|date=6 October 2020|title=Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: Azerbaijan accuses Armenian forces of shelling the towns of Tartar, Barda and Beylagan|url=https://www.france24.com/en/video/20201006-nagorno-karabakh-conflict-azerbaijan-accuses-armenian-forces-of-shelling-the-towns-of-tartar-barda-and-beylagan|website=france24.com|publisher=France 24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Julia Hahn|date=26 October 2020|title=Civilians suffer amid Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|url=https://www.dw.com/en/civilians-suffer-amid-nagorno-karabakh-conflict/a-55403694|website=dw.com|publisher=DW News}}</ref> Attacks reported by Azerbaijani authorities included an attack on Beylagan on 4 October, killing two civilians and injuring 2 others,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Two civilians killed in Armenian forces' shelling, Azerbaijan says|url=https://tass.com/world/1208343|access-date=2020-11-19|website=TASS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Safi|first1=Michael|last2=agencies|date=2020-10-05|title=Azerbaijan and Armenia accuse each other of shelling cities|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/05/azerbaijan-and-armenia-accuse-each-other-of-shelling-cities|access-date=2020-11-19|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Goranboy on 8 October killing a civilian,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Qazi|first=Anealla Safdar,Ramy Allahoum,Shereena|title=Diplomatic efforts fail to calm Nagorno-Karabakh clash: Live news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/8/azeris-and-armenians-fight-new-clashes-before-geneva-talks-live|access-date=2020-11-21|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref> Hadrut on 10 October, seriously injuring a medical worker,<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-11|title=Shelling of civilians by Armenian armed forces after humanitarian ceasefire agreement – another clear example of barbarism, Azerbaijani MFA says|url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/karabakh/3314663.html|access-date=2020-11-12|website=trend.az}}</ref> Tartar on 15 October, targeting a cemetery in the city resulting in three civilian deaths and at least five civilian injuries,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: 'Three dead' in attack at Azerbaijan cemetery|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/15/nagorno-karabakh-three-dead-in-attack-at-azerbaijan-cemetery|access-date=2020-11-19|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref> Fuzuli on 20 October, resulting in one civilian death and six injuries,<ref>{{cite web|date=30 September 2020|title=Armenian side continues to shell Fuzuli, Tartar districts|url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/karabakh/3308468.html|access-date=23 October 2020|agency=Trend News Agency}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=9 October 2020|title=Prosecutor General's Office: Three civilians injured as a result of enemy's shelling of Garabagh village, Fuzuli district|url=https://azertag.az/en/xeber/Prosecutor_General_039s_Office_Three_civilians_injured_as_a_result_of_enemys_shelling_of_Garabagh_village_Fuzuli_district-1608539|access-date=23 October 2020|agency=Azerbaijan State News Agency}}</ref> Tartar on 20 October, resulting in two civilian deaths and one civilian injury<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-20|title=Two Azerbaijani civilians killed, one injured in Armenia’s shelling of Tartar|url=https://www.azernews.az/aggression/171097.html|access-date=2020-12-12|website=AzerNews.az|language=en}}</ref> and Tartar on 10 November, resulting in one civilian injury.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MENAFN|title=Azerbaijani civilian injured in Armenian shelling of Tartar|url=https://menafn.com/1101100632/Azerbaijani-civilian-injured-in-Armenian-shelling-of-Tartar|access-date=2020-12-12|website=menafn.com}}</ref> By 9 November, there had been more than 93 civilian deaths and 416 civilian injuries in areas of Azerbaijan outside of the war zone.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-08|title=Civilian death toll in Armenian attacks reaches 100|url=https://www.azernews.az/aggression/173628.html|access-date=2020-12-10|website=AzerNews.az|language=en}}</ref> [[Human Rights Watch]] reported that on 27 September, the Armenian forces had launched an artillery attack on [[Qaşaltı Qaraqoyunlu|Qaşaltı]] of [[Goranboy District]], killing five members of the Gurbanov family, and damaged several homes. Human Rights Watch examined the severely damaged house and found several munition remnants in the courtyard that were consistent with fragments of large-caliber artillery. It also reported that the Armenian forces struck [[Hacıməmmədli, Agdam|Hacıməmmədli]] of [[Agdam District|Aghdam District]] on 1 October, in an agricultural area, at around 11:00, killing two civilians. HRW stated that they had found no evident military objectives during their visit to the village. HRW also reported that the Armenian forces had launched an artillery attack on 4 October in [[Tap Qaraqoyunlu]] of [[Goranboy District]] at about 16:30, wounding a civilian. Then, on 5 October, Human Rights Watch reported that the Armenian forces fired a munition that landed in a field about 500 meters from [[Babı]] of [[Fuzuli District]]. The Azerbaijani authorities stated that they had identified the munition as a [[R-17 Elbrus|Scud-B]] ballistic missile and measured the crater as 15 meters in diameter.<ref name="hrwarmeniancrimes" /> Armenian forces [[Bombardment of Tartar|heavily shelled the district of Tartar]] during the war, starting from 28 September. The bombardment caused widespread destruction and many civilian deaths.<ref name="euronewsdamage">{{Cite web|date=5 November 2020|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Exclusive footage shows bomb damage in border towns as violence continues|url=https://www.euronews.com/2020/10/05/nagorno-karabakh-exclusive-footage-shows-bomb-damage-in-border-towns-as-violence-continues|access-date=11 December 2020|work=[[Euronews]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name="mammadov2">{{Cite web|date=29 October 2020|title=Azerbaijan reveals details of casualties, injuries in Tartar inflicted by Armenian troops|url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3326082.html|access-date=11 December 2020|work=[[Trend News Agency]]|language=en}}</ref> Thousands of people became refugees, making the city of Tartar a ''[[ghost town]]'',<ref name="orlaguerin">{{Cite web|date=7 October 2020|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Iran warns of 'regional war' as fighting rages|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54449401|access-date=11 December 2020|work=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> and fled to neighboring cities such as [[Barda, Azerbaijan|Barda]].<ref name="iwpr">{{Cite web|last=Natiqqizi|first=Ulkar|date=11 December 2020|title=Azerbaijan: War Leaves Many Homeless|url=https://iwpr.net/global-voices/azerbaijan-war-leaves-many-homeless|access-date=11 December 2020|work=[[Institute for War and Peace Reporting]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name="amnestybarda2">{{Cite web|date=29 October 2020|title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: First confirmed use of cluster munitions by Armenia ‘cruel and reckless’|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/10/armenia-azerbaijan-first-confirmed-use-of-cluster-munitions-by-armenia-cruel-and-reckless/|access-date=29 October 2020|publisher=[[Amnesty International]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name="HRWbarda">{{Cite web|date=30 October 2020|title=Armenia: Cluster Munitions Kill Civilians in Azerbaijan|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/10/30/armenia-cluster-munitions-kill-civilians-azerbaijan|access-date=30 October 2020|publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]|language=en}}</ref> The Azerbaijani authorities stated that the Armenian forces had fired 15,500 shells on the territory of Tartar District until 29 October, with over 2,000 shells being fired upon Tartar in some days. Official Azerbaijani figures show that over a thousand civilian objects, including schools, hospitals, and government buildings were either damaged or destroyed during the bombardment.<ref name="mammadov2"/> [[Human Rights Watch]] confirmed many of the targeted attacks on civilians and civilian objects, such as kindergartens and hospitals, by the Armenian forces. It also stated that the Armenian military forces had carried out unlawfully indiscriminate [[rocket]] and missile strikes on the Azerbaijani territories, and that such indiscriminate attacks were [[war crime]]s.<ref name="hrwtartar">{{Cite web|date=11 December 2020|title=Armenia: Unlawful Rocket, Missile Strikes on Azerbaijan|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/12/11/armenia-unlawful-rocket-missile-strikes-azerbaijan|access-date=11 December 2020|work=[[Human Rights Watch]]}}</ref> The constant bombardment of the city prompted the Azerbaijani to label Tartar as the ''[[Battle of Stalingrad|Stalingrad]] of Azerbaijan'',<ref name="stalingrad">{{Cite web|date=14 October 2020|title=Assistant to Azerbaijani president calls Tartar 'Stalingrad' of Azerbaijan|url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/karabakh/3316390.html|access-date=11 December 2020|work=[[Trend News Agency]]|language=en}}</ref> and the [[President of Azerbaijan]], [[Ilham Aliyev]], accused Armenia of trying to turn Tartar to the next [[Agdam|Aghdam]], also referred to as the ''[[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|Hiroshima]] of the [[Caucasus]]'' by the locals.<ref>{{cite web|date=22 November 2017|title=The story of FK Qarabag: How a team born from war now prepares to host Chelsea in the Champions League|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/fk-qarabag-champions-league-chelsea-preview-how-born-from-war-to-champions-league-debut-a8069506.html|work=Independent.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Musayelyan|first=Lusine|title=Life Among Ruins of Caucasus' Hiroshima|url=https://iwpr.net/global-voices/life-among-ruins-caucasus-hiroshima|work=[[Institute for War and Peace Reporting]]}}</ref> [[Turkey]] also condemned the Armenian shelling of a cemetery in Tartar during a funeral ceremony,<ref name="turkmfatartar">{{Cite web|date=15 October 2020|title=Ankara condemns Armenian attack on Azerbaijan’s Terter city|url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/ankara-condemns-armenian-attack-on-azerbaijans-terter-city-159184|access-date=11 December 2020|work=[[Hürriyet Daily News]]|language=en}}</ref> which foreign journalists at scene and Human Rights Watch confirmed.<ref name="dozhd">{{Cite web|date=15 October 2020|title=Кладбище в азербайджанском Тертере попало под обстрел. Три человека погибли|url=https://novayagazeta.ru/news/2020/10/15/164949-kladbische-v-azerbaydzhanskom-tertere-popalo-pod-obstrel-tri-cheloveka-pogibli|access-date=11 December 2020|work=[[Novaya Gazeta]]|language=ru}}</ref><ref name="hrwtartar" /> On 29 October, the head of the Tartar District Executive Power, Mustagim Mammadov, stated that during the war, 17 civilians killed, and 61 people injured in [[Tartar District]] as a result of the bombardment in Tartar. According to him, in total, about 1,200 people suffered from the bombardment.<ref name="mammadov2"/> The Azerbaijani authorities reported two more civilian injuries later on. [[File:Destroyed hallway in Tartar (cropped).png|250px|thumb|right|A destroyed house in Tartar.]] Between 4 and 17 October, four separate [[2020 Ganja ballistic missile attacks|missile attacks on the city of Ganja]] killed 26 civilians, including a 13-year-old Russian citizen,<ref name="russianboy">{{cite news |title=Russian teenager dies in missile attack on Ganja |url=https://news.ru/en/cis-countries/russian-citizen-dies-in-missile-attack-on-ganja/ |access-date=17 November 2020 |work=[[NEWSru]] |date=24 October 2020 |language=en}}</ref> and injured 125<ref>{{cite news|title=Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: Major cities hit as heavy fighting continues|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54407436|work=BBC News|date=4 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Azerbaijan's No. 2 city targeted in fighting with Armenia|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/azerbaijans-no-2-city-targeted-fighting-armenia-azerbaijan-armenia-nagornokarabakh-territory-city-b778901.html|publisher=The Independent|date=4 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Jamie|last=Dettmer|url=https://www.voanews.com/south-central-asia/why-azerbaijan-fighting|title=Why is Azerbaijan Fighting?|date=12 October 2020|access-date=15 October 2020|publisher=Voice of America}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first1=Elizabeth|last1=Melimopoulos|first2=Linah|last2=Alsaafin |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/11/seven-dead-by-overnight-armenian-shelling-baku-says-live|title=Nagorno-Karabakh truce frays as both sides allege attacks|date=11 October 2020|access-date=15 October 2020|publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref> with women and children among the victims.<ref name="2attackwounded">{{Cite web|last1=Melimopoulos|first1=Elizabeth|last2=Alsaafin|first2=Linah|date=11 October 2020|title=Nagorno-Karabakh truce frays as both sides allege attacks: Live|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/11/seven-dead-by-overnight-armenian-shelling-baku-says-live|access-date=15 October 2020|publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]|language=en}}</ref> The attacks were condemned by the [[European Union]],<ref>{{cite web|date=17 October 2020|title=Azerbaijan: Statement by the Spokesperson on the strikes on the city of Ganja|url=https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage_en/87141/Azerbaijan:%20Statement%20by%20the%20Spokesperson%20on%20the%20strikes%20on%20the%20city%20of%20Ganja|access-date=20 October 2020 |publisher=European External Action Service}}</ref> and Azerbaijani authorities accused the Armenian Armed Forces of "committing war crimes through the firing of ballistic missiles at civilian settlements", calling the third attack "an act of genocide".<ref name="genocide">{{cite web|date=11 October 2020|title=Armenian policy of vandalism against Azerbaijani civilian population continues – assistant to Azerbaijani president|url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/karabakh/3314618.html|access-date=15 October 2020|agency=Trend News Agency}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Prosecutor-General's-Office-and-MFA-issue-statement-on-crimes-committed-against-civilians-by-Armenians-331515|title=Prosecutor General's Office and MFA issue statement on crimes committed against civilians, by Armenians|website=apa.az|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=8 October 2020|title=Azerbaijani President: Armenia losing the battle commits war crimes against civilians in order to stop us|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Azerbaijani-President:-Armenia-losing-the-battle-commits-war-crimes-against-civilians-in-order-to-stop-us-332429|access-date=8 October 2020|website=apa.az|quote=... violence against civilians, the shelling of settlements and the destruction of peaceful cities with ballistic missiles is considered a war crime.}}</ref> Armenia denied responsibility for the attacks.<ref name="auto32">{{cite web|last1=Sullivan|first1=Rory|last2=Isaac|first2=Lindsay|date=11 October 2020|title=Azerbaijan and Armenia accuse each other of breaking ceasefire|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/10/10/europe/azerbaijan-armenia-ceasefire-intl/index.html|access-date=15 October 2020|publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=4 October 2020|title=Армения заявила, что не ведет обстрел населенных пунктов Азербайджана|url=https://ria.ru/20201004/karabakh-1578171671.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004082433/https://ria.ru/20201004/karabakh-1578171671.html|archive-date=4 October 2020|access-date=4 October 2020|publisher=RIA Novosti|language=ru}}</ref> The Artsakh Defence Army confirmed responsibility for the first attack but denied targeting residential areas, claiming that it had fired at at military targets, especially [[Ganja International Airport]].<ref name="artsakh1attack2">{{Cite web|last=McKernan|first=Bethan|date=5 October 2020|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Azerbaijan accuses Armenia of rocket attack|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/04/nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan-accuses-armenia-of-rocket-attack|access-date=15 October 2020|work=[[The Washington Post]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name="artsakh1attack">{{cite web|last=McKernan|first=Bethan|date=5 October 2020|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Azerbaijan accuses Armenia of rocket attack|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/04/nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan-accuses-armenia-of-rocket-attack|access-date=15 October 2020|work=The Washington Post}}</ref> Subsequently, both a correspondent reporting from the scene for a Russian media outlet and the airport director denied that the airport had been hit,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Война в Карабахе. Обстрел Степанакерта и удар по Гяндже – Новости на русском языке|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006141402/https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944|archive-date=2020-10-06|access-date=2020-10-04|website=BBC News Русская служба|language=ru-RU}}</ref> while a ''[[BBC News]]'' journalist, [[Orla Guerin]], visited the scene and found no evidence of any military target there.<ref name=":132">{{Cite web|date=11 October 2020|title=Armenia Azerbaijan: Reports of fresh shelling dent ceasefire hopes|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54488386|access-date=11 October 2020|work=BBC News|language=en}}</ref> On 25 October, a video emerged online of an Armenian teenager in civilian clothing helping soldiers fire artillery on Azerbaijani positions. Azerbaijan subsequently accused Armenia of using [[Children in the military|child soldiers]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/diplomacy/armenia-uses-child-soldiers-in-occupied-nagorno-karabakh-commits-war-crimes-azerbaijan |title=Armenia uses child soldiers in occupied Nagorno-Karabakh, commits war crimes: Azerbaijan|date=25 October 2020|website=dailysabah.com|publisher=Daily Sabah}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_karabakh/Azerbaijani-MFA-releases-statement-on-Armenias-using-children-as-soldiers-in-the-occupied-territories-334007|title=Azerbaijani MFA releases statement on Armenia's using children as soldiers in the occupied territories|date=27 October 2020|website=apa.az}}</ref> One day later, the Artsakh ombudsman released a statement claiming that the boy in the video was 16, was not directly engaged in military actions and was working with his father.<ref>{{cite tweet|user=ArtsakhOmbuds|number=1320795565664407559|date=26 October 2020|title=About some speculated photos of children}}</ref> The Human Rights Watch reported that on 28 October, at about 17:00, the Armenian forces fired a munition on [[Tap Qaraqoyunlu]] of [[Goranboy District]] that produced fragmentation and killed a civilian.<ref name="hrwarmeniancrimes" /> The Artsakh Defence Army [[2020 Barda missile attacks|hit the Azerbaijani town of Barda with missiles]] twice on 27 and 28 October 2020, resulting in the deaths of 26 civilians and injuring over 83, making it the deadliest attack of the conflict.<ref name="NYTimesBarda">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/28/world/europe/azerbaijan-barda-armenia-rockets-karabakh.html|title=In Azerbaijan, a String of Explosions, Screams and Then Blood|author=Carlotta Gall|date=28 October 2020|website=nytimes.com|publisher=The New York Times|quote=In all, 21 people died in downtown Barda in the rocket strike and 70 people were wounded, the government said in the evening, adding that the rockets were fired from a Russian-made Smerch multiple-rocket system and unleashed cluster bomblets. Designed to be used against armies in open spaces, cluster bombs are banned in much of the world because of their danger to civilians in residential areas.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/azerbaijan-says-19-killed-60-wounded-in-armenia-missile-attack-on-its-barda-district/articleshow/78912279.cms?from=mdr|title=Azerbaijan says 19 killed, 60 wounded in Armenia missile attack on its Barda district|date=28 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020|work=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-28|title=Civilian death toll in Armenian attacks reaches 91|url=https://www.azernews.az/aggression/171582.html|access-date=2020-10-29|website=azernews.az}}</ref> The casualties included a 39-year-old [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|Red Crescent]] volunteer, while two other volunteers were injured.<ref>{{cite web|date=28 October 2020|title=Civilians Reported Killed As Conflict Between Armenia, Azerbaijan Spills Into Urban Areas |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/armenia-azerbaijan-urged-to-seek-lasting-cease-fire-as-diplomatic-efforts-continue/30916763.html|archive-url=https://archive.is/KKR1d|archive-date=29 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020|publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty}}</ref> Civilian infrastructure and vehicles were extensively damaged.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 October 2020|title=Missile attack on Azerbaijani city of Barda: 21 dead, dozens wounded|url=https://jam-news.net/barda-28-october-21-dead-azerbaijan-nagorno-karabakh-armenia-news-photo-video/|access-date=29 October 2020|work=JAM News|language=en}}</ref> Armenia denied responsibility,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-karabakh/azerbaijan-says-14-people-killed-by-shelling-in-barda-ria-idUSKBN27D1IR|title=Azerbaijan says 14 people killed by shelling in Barda: RIA|date=28 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020 |work=Reuters}}</ref> but Amnesty International and [[Human Rights Watch]] stated that Armenia had fired, or intentionally supplied Artsakh with, the [[cluster munitions]] and [[BM-30 Smerch|Smerch rockets]] used in the attack.<ref name="amnestybarda">{{cite web|date=29 October 2020 |title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: First confirmed use of cluster munitions by Armenia "cruel and reckless"|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/10/armenia-azerbaijan-first-confirmed-use-of-cluster-munitions-by-armenia-cruel-and-reckless/|access-date=29 October 2020|publisher=Amnesty International}}</ref><ref name="nkrforces">{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/10/30/armenia-cluster-munitions-kill-civilians-azerbaijan|title=Armenia: Cluster Munitions Kill Civilians in Azerbaijan|date=30 October 2020}}</ref> Artsakh acknowledged responsibility, but said it was targeting military facilities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54686682?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f99b27045324002c52d805f%26%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81-%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%20%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%20%D0%9D%D0%9A%D0%A0%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82%20%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85%20%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%20%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D0%BE%D1%82%20%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%262020-10-28T18%3A03%3A29.579Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:33b55dff-0d65-4d37-8141-94e37dd45df1&pinned_post_asset_id=5f99b27045324002c52d805f&pinned_post_type=share |title=Пресс-секретарь лидера НКР призывает мирных азербайджанцев бежать от военных объектов|date=28 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020|language=ru|publisher=BBC Russian Service}}</ref> Marie Struthers, Amnesty International's Regional Director for Eastern Europe and Central Asia, said that the "firing of cluster munitions into civilian areas is cruel and reckless, and causes untold death, injury and misery".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/10/armenia-azerbaijan-first-confirmed-use-of-cluster-munitions-by-armenia-cruel-and-reckless/|title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: First confirmed use of cluster munitions by Armenia "cruel and reckless"|date=29 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020|publisher=Amnesty International}}</ref> The [[Commissioner for Human Rights of the Republic of Azerbaijan|Azerbaijani ombudsman]] called the attack a "terrorist act against civilians".<ref name="apa">{{cite web|url=https://apa.az/en/frontline-news/General-Prosecutors-Office-Death-toll-from-Armenias-missile-attack-on-Azerbaijans-Barda-rises-to-19-nearly-60-people-injured-colorredUPDATED-1color-334119|title=General Prosecutor's Office: Death toll from Armenia's missile attack on Azerbaijan's Barda rises to 21, about 70 people wounded – Updated – 2|publisher=Azeri Press Agency|date=28 October 2020|access-date=28 October 2020}}</ref> The use of cluster munitions was also reported by ''The New York Times''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/28/world/europe/azerbaijan-barda-armenia-rockets-karabakh.html|title=In Azerbaijan, a String of Explosions, Screams and Then Blood|author=Carlotta Gall|date=28 October 2020 |website=nytimes.com|publisher=The New York Times|quote=In the morning, we had visited Garayusifli, a sleepy farming village just outside Barda, where people were burying victims of another rocket attack. Four people died, including a 7-year-old girl, and more than a dozen were wounded. Children had been playing on their bikes, and their parents sitting in the shade of their gardens, when the missile exploded, scattering cluster bomblets over the houses of several neighbors.}}</ref> On 7 November, according to [[Human Rights Watch]], the Armenian forces fired a rocket that struck an agricultural field near the village of [[Əyricə]] and killed a 16-year-old boy while he playing with other children. Azerbaijani authorities stated that they had identified the munition as a 9M528 Smerch rocket, which carries a warhead that produces blast and fragmentation effect. HRW reported that the researchers did not observe any military objectives in the area.<ref name="hrwarmeniancrimes" /> On 30 October 2020, Human Rights Watch reported that Armenia or Artsakh forces used cluster munition and called that Armenia should immediately cease using cluster munitions or supplying them to Nagorno-Karabakh forces.<ref name="hrw">{{Cite web|date=2020-10-30|title=Armenia: Cluster Munitions Kill Civilians in Azerbaijan|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/10/30/armenia-cluster-munitions-kill-civilians-azerbaijan|access-date=2020-11-21|website=Human Rights Watch|language=en}}</ref> In late October and early November, Azerbaijan accused the Armenian forces of using [[Allotropes of phosphorus|white phosphorus]] on civilian areas.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://oc-media.org/live-updates-day-35-of-nagorno-karabakh-fighting/ |title=Live updates: Day 35 of Nagorno-Karabakh fighting |date=31 October 2020 |access-date=28 November 2020 |work=OC Media }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first=Vafa |last=Ismayilova |url=https://www.azernews.az/karabakh/172007.html |title=Armenia actively using phosphorus shells against civilian objects |date=3 November 2020 |access-date=28 November 2020 |work=AzerNews }}</ref> Then, on 4 November, [[Azerbaijan National Agency for Mine Action]] (ANAMA) found unexploded white phosphorus munitions in [[Səhləbad]], near Tartar, which, according to Azerbaijan, was fired by the Armenian forces.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Nargiz |last=Mammadli |url=https://caspiannews.com/news-detail/armenias-army-drops-white-phosphorus-bombs-on-civilians-in-azerbaijan-2020-11-3-4 |title=Armenia's Army Drops White Phosphorus Bombs On Civilians In Azerbaijan |date=6 November 2020 |access-date=28 November 2020 |work=Caspian News }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://azertag.az/en/xeber/Armenia_uses_banned_white_phosphorous_shells_against_civilian_population____PHOTO_FACT_VIDEO-1633513 |title=Armenia uses banned white phosphorous shells against civilian population – PHOTO FACT VIDEO |date=4 November 2020 |access-date=28 November 2020 |work=[[Azerbaijan State News Agency]] }}</ref> Azerbaijani authorities had also stated that the Armenian forces were transporting white phosphorus into the region.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/31/armenia-azerbaijan-trade-fresh-accusations-of-karabakh-attacks |title=Armenia, Azerbaijan trade accusations again after new attacks |date=31 October 2020 |access-date=28 November 2020 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] }}</ref> On 20 November, Prosecutor General's Office of Azerbaijan filed a lawsuit, accusing the Armenian Armed Forces of using phosphorus ammunition in Nagorno-Karabakh, as well as in [[Tartar District]], and chemical munitions to "inflict large-scale and long-term harm to the environment" in [[Fuzuli District|Fuzuli]] and Tartar Districts, as well as around [[Shusha]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.turan.az/ext/news/2020/11/free/politics%20news/en/130104.htm |title=Lawsuit on the fact of the use of white phosphorus by Armenians in Karabakh |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=28 November 2020 |work=[[Turan Information Agency]] }}</ref> [[File:2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict - Azerbaijani soldier in rubble.png|right|thumb|An [[Azerbaijan National Agency for Mine Action|ANAMA]] employee standing among the ruins of a destroyed residential building in [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]] after an [[2020 Ganja ballistic missile attacks|Armenian missile attack]].]] In mid-November, a video of a wounded Azerbaijani soldier Amin Musayev receiving first aid by Ukrainian journalist Alexander Kharchenko and Armenian soldiers after the ceasefire came into force was spread on social media platforms. Following this, a video was released showing Musayev being abused inside a vehicle. It is reported that he was lying on the ground in the car and asked: "where are we going?" In response, the alleged Armenian soldier said, "If you behave well, go home," and cursed, after which it became clear that the Azerbaijani soldier had been kicked and tortured. On 18 November, a representative of the [[International Committee of the Red Cross]] (ICRC) in Yerevan said that information about these people was "being investigated." The ICRC's representative in Yerevan, Zara Amatuni, also declined to say whether she had any information about Musayev. The Artsakh's Ombudsman said he had no information about the Azerbaijani soldier, but that if they were injured, they were "probably in hospital in Armenia." The Azerbaijani Foreign Ministry said in a statement that the issue was being investigated and will be reported to the relevant international organizations. According to the ministry, "the information about the torture of prisoners is first checked for accuracy and brought to the attention of relevant international organizations."<ref name="musayevkarimov">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/azerbaijan-54870281 |title=Amin Musayev və Bayram Kərimovdan ailələrinə xəbər çatdırılıb |date=18 November 2020 |access-date=6 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Work |archive-url=https://archive.is/l9mOM |archive-date=6 December 2020 |language=az }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MENAFN|title=Red Cross to undertake needed steps towards captured Azerbaijani soldiers|url=https://menafn.com/1101168659/Red-Cross-to-undertake-needed-steps-towards-captured-Azerbaijani-soldiers|access-date=2020-12-09|website=menafn.com}}</ref> On 25 November, ICRC's representatives visited Musayev and Karimov in Yerevan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://vestikavkaza.ru/news/stalo-izvestno-o-sudbe-dvuh-zahvacennyh-v-plen-azerbajdzanskih-voennosluzasih.html |title=Стало известно о судьбе двух захваченных в плен азербайджанских военнослужащих |date=25 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=VestiK Kavkaza |language=ru }}</ref> On 5 December, the family of Musayev was informed of his condition through ICRC. According to a reported copy of the letter sent by Musayev, he stated that his condition was well.<ref name="musayevkarimov" /> Azerbaijan had officially accused the Armenian side of ill-treating the Azerbaijani POWs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/amnesty-international-ba%C5%9Fk%C9%99sm%C9%99-videolar%C4%B1n%C4%B1-ara%C5%9Fd%C4%B1rma%C4%9Fa-%C3%A7a%C4%9F%C4%B1r%C4%B1r/5694510.html |title=Amnesty International başkəsmə videolarını araşdırmağa çağırır |date=10 December 2020 |access-date=10 December 2020 |work=Amerikanın Səsi |publisher=[[Voice of America]] |language=az }}</ref> Musayev was returned to Azerbaijan on 15 December as part of the POW exchange deal.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Said |last=Garib |url=https://report.az/ru/karabakh/amina-musaeva-i-drugih-plennyh-priveli-v-baku/ |title=Амина Мусаева и других пленных вернули в Баку |date=10 December 2020 |access-date=10 December 2020 |work=[[Report Information Agency]] |language=ru }}</ref> On 10 December, [[Amnesty International]] released a report on videos depicting war crimes. In one of the videos, the Armenian soldiers were seen cutting the throat of an Azerbaijani captive. The captive appears to be laying on the ground, whilst gagged and bound when an Armenian soldier approaches him and sticks a knife into his throat. Independent pathological analysis confirmed that the wound sustained led to his death in minutes. Eleven other videos showing inhumane treatment and outrages upon personal dignity of Azerbaijani captives by the Armenian army has come to light. In several videos, Armenian soldiers are seen cutting the ear off a dead Azerbaijani soldier, dragging a dead Azerbaijani soldier across the ground by a rope tied around his feet, and standing on the corpse of a dead Azerbaijani soldier.<ref name="amnestybehead" /><ref name="guardianwarcrimes">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/10/human-rights-groups-detail-war-crimes-in-nagorno-karabakh |title=Human rights groups detail 'war crimes' in Nagorno-Karabakh |author=Andrew Roth |date=10 December 2020 |website=theguardian.com |publisher=[[TheGuardian.com|The Guardian]] |access-date=11 December 2020 }}</ref> On 11 December, [[Human Rights Watch]] released an extensive report about Armenia's unlawful rocket strikes on Azerbaijani civilian areas. The report investigated 18 separate strikes, which killed 40 civilians and wounded dozens more. During on-site investigations in Azerbaijan in November, Human Rights Watch documented 11 incidents in which Armenian forces used [[ballistic missiles]], [[Rocket artillery|unguided artillery rockets]], [[Large-calibre artillery|large-calibre artillery projectiles]] and cluster munitions that hit populated areas in apparently indiscriminate attacks. In at least four other cases, munitions struck civilians or civilian objects in areas where there were no apparent military targets. In addition to causing civilian casualties, the Armenian attacks damaged homes, businesses, schools, and a health clinic, and contributed to mass displacement. Human Rights Watch called the Armenian government to conduct transparent investigations into attacks by Armenian forces that violate international humanitarian law, or the laws of war.<ref name="hrwarmeniancrimes">{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/12/11/armenia-unlawful-rocket-missile-strikes-azerbaijan |title=Armenia: Unlawful Rocket, Missile Strikes on Azerbaijan |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=11 December 2020 |website=hrw.org |publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]] }}</ref> On 15 December, Human Rights Watch released another report about Armenia's use of cluster munitions in multiple attacks on Azerbaijani civilian areas. Its researchers documented four attacks with cluster munitions in three of the country’s districts, Barda, Goranboy and Tartar which killed at least seven civilians, including two children, and wounded close to 20, including two children. Human Rights Watch also stated that as Nagorno-Karabakh forces do not possess cluster munitions, it is likely that Armenian forces carried out the attacks or supplied the munitions to Nagorno-Karabakh forces.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/12/15/armenia-cluster-munitions-used-multiple-attacks-azerbaijan |title=Armenia: Cluster Munitions Used in Multiple Attacks on Azerbaijan |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=15 December 2020 |website=hrw.org |publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]] |access-date=15 December 2020 }}</ref> === Azerbaijani === [[File:InShot 20201020 202248937.webm|thumb|Camera footage of Azerbaijan's use of cluster munition on Stepanakert during a shelling on 4 October 2020.]] On 4 October 2020, the Armenian government stated Azerbaijan had deployed [[cluster munitions]] against residential targets in [[Stepanakert]]; an Amnesty International investigator condemned this.<ref>"[https://news.yahoo.com/armenia-says-azerbaijan-targeting-residential-113011026.html Armenia Says Azerbaijan Targeting Residential Areas With Missiles and Cluster Bombs]" Yahoo News 5 October 2020</ref> In an Amnesty International report, the cluster bombs were identified as "Israeli-made M095 DPICM cluster munitions that appear to have been fired by Azerbaijani forces".<ref>{{cite news|title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: Civilians must be protected from use of banned cluster bombs|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/10/armenia-azerbaijan-civilians-must-be-protected-from-use-of-banned-cluster-bombs/|agency=Amnesty International|date=5 October 2020}}</ref> The next day, Armenian Minister of Foreign Affairs [[Zohrab Mnatsakanyan]] stated to [[Fox News]] that the targeting of civilian populations in Nagorno-Karabakh by Azerbaijani forces was tantamount to [[war crime]]s and called for an end to the "aggression".<ref>{{cite web|last=Yingst|first=Trey|date=2020-10-05|title=Azerbaijan committing "war crimes" in disputed region, top Armenian diplomat tells Fox News|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/armenia-azerbaijan-war-crimes-claims-foreign-minister|access-date=2020-10-06|website=Fox News}}</ref> In November 2020, Aliyev denied using cluster munitions against civilian areas in Stepanakert on the 1, 2, and 3 October 2020 in an interview with ''BBC News'' journalist Orla Guerin, describing as "fake news" the statements of other BBC reporters who witnessed the attacks and described them as "indiscriminate shelling of a town without clear military targets".<ref>{{cite news|date=2020-11-09|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: President Ilham Aliyev speaks to the BBC|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-europe-54865589|access-date=2020-11-10}}</ref> During an on-site investigation in Nagorno-Karabakh in October 2020, [[Human Rights Watch]] documented four incidents in which Azerbaijan used Israeli-made cluster munitions against civilian areas of Nagorno-Karabakh. The HRW investigation team stated that they did not find any sort of military sites in the residential neighborhoods where the cluster munitions were used and condemned its use against civilian-populated areas. Stephen Goose, arms division director at Human Rights Watch and chair of the Cluster Munition Coalition, stated that "the continued use of cluster munitions – particularly in populated areas – shows flagrant disregard for the safety of civilians". He then added that "the repeated use of cluster munitions by Azerbaijan should cease immediately as their continued use serves to heighten the danger for civilians for years to come". The HRW investigation team also noted that numerous civilian buildings and infrastructure were heavily damaged due to shelling.<ref name="hrw123">{{cite web|date=23 October 2020 |title=Azerbaijan: Cluster Munitions Used in Nagorno-Karabakh|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/10/23/azerbaijan-cluster-munitions-used-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=23 October 2020|publisher=Human Rights Watch}}</ref> ''[[France 24]]'' reported that Azerbaijan could've used [[White phosphorus munitions|white phosphorus]] during the war, highlighting that the use of white phosphorus is strictly regulated under an international agreement that neither Azerbaijan nor Armenia have signed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20201119-nagorno-karabakh-ceasefire-armenia-accuses-azerbaijan-of-using-phosphorus-bombs|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Armenia accuses Azerbaijan of using phosphorus bombs|date=2020-11-19|website=france24.com|publisher=[[France 24]]}}</ref> On 30 October, Armenian and Artsakh authorities had accused the Azerbaijani forces of using phosphorus to burn forests near Shusha.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://massispost.com/2020/11/azerbaijan-uses-white-phosphorus-munitions-in-karabakh/ |title=Azerbaijan Uses White Phosphorus Munitions in Karabakh |date=1 November 2020 |access-date=1 December 2020 |work=Massis Post }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ombuds.am/en_us/site/ViewNews/1355|title=Azerbaijan is using, as the current data confirms, Phosphorus munitions։ The Human Rights Defender|date=31 October 2020 |access-date=31 October 2020 |work=Human Rights Defender of Republic of Armenia}}</ref> This was supported by "Ecocide alert" from 51 non-governmental organizations under the auspices of [[Transparency International]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://transparency.am/en/news/view/3179|title=Ecocide Alert in Nagorno–Karabakh region amidst war between Armenia and Azerbaijan|date=2 November 2020 |access-date=3 December 2020 |work=Transparency International Anticorruption Center}}</ref> [[The Independent]]'s reporter had a chance to visit the National Burns Centre in Yerevan to see see the soldiers' burns, which, according to deputy director of that centre, are consistent with white phosphorus damage in 80% cases.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/armenia-azerbaijan-vicrims-nagorno-karabakh-b1774313.html|title=I want the world to ban these weapons: Treating the white phosphorus victims of the Nagorno-Karabakh war|date=16 December 2020 |access-date=17 December 2020|work=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> Azerbaijan issued a denial.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tass.com/world/1218653 |title=Baku denies reports on use of white phosphorus munitions in Nagorno-Karabakh |date=31 October 2020 |access-date=28 November 2020 |work=[[TASS]] }}</ref> In the opinion of Russian military expert Victor Murakhovsky, the images from Nagorno-Karabakh show the effect of a typical incendiary ammunition (most likely with pyrogel), which contains no phosphorus, and phosphorus is not used in modern incendiary ammunition.<ref>{{cite news |title=Эксперт прокомментировал мифы о "фосфорных боеприпасах" в Нагорном Карабахе |url=https://www.mk.ru/politics/2020/10/31/ekspert-prokommentiroval-mify-o-fosfornykh-boepripasakh-v-nagornom-karabakhe.html |access-date=13 December 2020 |agency=Московский Комсомолец}}</ref> On 16th December, Human Rights Watch published a report about two separate attacks, hours apart, on the Ghazanchetsots Cathedral on October 8 in the town of Shusha, known to Armenians as Shushi, suggesting that the church, a civilian object with cultural significance, was an intentional target despite the absence of evidence that it was used for military purposes. The weapon remnants Human Rights Watch collected at the site corroborate the use of guided munitions. “The two strikes on the church, the second one while journalists and other civilians had gathered at the site, appear to be deliberate,” said Hugh Williamson, Europe and Central Asia director at Human Rights Watch. “These attacks should be impartially investigated and those responsible held to account.” <ref name="hrw">{{cite web|date=16 December 2020|title=Azerbaijan: Attack on Church Possible War Crime|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/12/16/azerbaijan-attack-church-possible-war-crime|access-date=16 December 2020|publisher=Human Rights Watch}}</ref> On 15 October 2020, a video surfaced of two captured Armenians being executed by Azerbaijani soldiers;<ref name="bellingcat">{{cite web|title=An Execution in Hadrut|url=https://www.bellingcat.com/news/rest-of-world/2020/10/15/an-execution-in-hadrut-karabakh/|access-date=2020-10-16|website=Bellingcat}}</ref> Artsakh authorities identified one as a civilian.<ref>{{cite web|title=Azeri troops shoot Armenian war prisoners dead|url=https://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/286591/|access-date=2020-10-15|publisher=Panarmenian}}</ref> ''[[Bellingcat]]'' analysed the videos and concluded that the footage was real and that both executed were Armenian combatants captured by Azerbaijani forces between 9 and 15 October 2020 and later executed.<ref name="bellingcat"/> The [[BBC]] also investigated the videos and confirmed that the videos were from Hadrut and were filmed some time between 9–15 October 2020. A probe has been launched by Armenia's human rights defender, Arman Tatoyan, who shared the videos with [[European Court of Human Rights]] and who will also show the videos to the [[United Nations Human Rights Council|UN human rights commissioner]], the [[Council of Europe]] and other international organizations.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: 'Execution' video prompts war crime probe|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54645254|work=BBC News|date=24 October 2020}}</ref> The U.N. human rights chief, [[Michelle Bachelet]], stated that "in-depth investigations by media organisations into videos that appeared to show Azerbaijani troops summarily executing two captured Armenians in military uniforms uncovered compelling and deeply disturbing information".<ref>{{cite news|title=Possible war crimes committed in Nagorno-Karabakh, U.N. rights boss says|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-un-rights-idUSKBN27I238 |work=Reuters|date=2 November 2020}}</ref> On 10 December, Amnesty International released a report on videos depicting war crimes from both sides. In some of these videos, Azerbaijani soldiers were seen decapitating the head of an Armenian soldier as he was alive. In another video, the victim is an older man in civilian clothes who gets his throat cut before the video abruptly ends.<ref name="amnestybehead" /> On 15th December, beheadings of two elderly ethnic Armenian non-combatants by Azerbaijani armed forces have been identified by Guardian, based on the videos widely shared on messaging apps, the testimony of relatives, villagers, Artsakh ombudsman and two Armenian human rights lawyers preparing a criminal case relating to the murders. In videos posted online on 22 November and 3 December, men in uniforms consistent with those of the Azerbaijani military hold down and decapitate a man using a knife. One then places the severed head on a dead animal. “This is how we get revenge – by cutting off heads,” a voice says off-camera. The victim was identified as Genadi Petrosyan, 69, who had moved to the village in the late 1980s from the city of Sumgait in Azerbaijan and resisted leaving the village as Azerbaijani forces closed in. A video posted on a Telegram channel on 7 December showed two soldiers in uniforms consistent with the Azerbaijani military pinning down an elderly man near a tree. Another soldier passes a knife to one of the attackers, who begins slicing at the victim’s neck. The victim’s head begins to separate from the neck before the video ends. The victim was identified as Yuri Asryan, a reclusive 82-year-old who had refused to leave the village on 20 October as Azerbaijani forces approached. In another video, a villager named Kamo Manasyan is kicked and beaten as blood streams from his right eye. “How many more of you are here,” his interrogator yells in heavily accented Russian, aiming a rifle at Manasyan’s head. “Shoot me if you want,” Manasyan replies. The man hit him with the rifle instead.<ref>{{cite news|title=Two men beheaded in videos from Nagorno-Karabakh war identified|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/15/two-men-beheaded-in-videos-from-nagorno-karabakh-war-identified|work=The Guardian|date=15 December 2020}}</ref> On 16 October, according to Armenia's ombudsman report, an Azerbaijani serviceman had called the brother of an Armenian soldier from the latter's phone number, saying that his brother was with them and that they had beheaded him and were going to post his photos on the internet; according to Armenian sources, they did post the image online.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ombuds.am/en_us/site/ViewNews/1337|title=The Azeris beheaded the Armenian soldier, called and informed his brother and posted the picture on the Internet. The Human Rights Defender recorded the fact|work=The Human Rights Defender of Republic of Armenia|date=19 October 2020|access-date=19 October 2020}}</ref> The Humanitarian Aid Relief Trust included the beheading of an Armenian soldier in their reporting.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hart-uk.org/news/update-on-the-conflict-in-nagorno-karabakh-artsakh|title=Update on the Conflict in Nagorno Karabakh (Artsakh)|date=2 November 2020|access-date=2 November 2020|work=Humanitarian Aid Relief Trust}}</ref> In early November, Armenia applied to [[European Convention on Human Rights]] over the videos of the brutal treatment of the bodies of Armenian POWs, which were spread on the social network.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.am/eng/news/611104.html|title=Armenia applies to ECHR over mutilated corpses of Armenian soldiers in Azerbaijan territory|work=News.am|date=2 November 2020|access-date=28 November 2020}}</ref> On November 23, ECHR announced that it applies urgent measures in case of Armenian POWs and civilians held in Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1035659.html|title=ECHR applies urgent measures in case of Armenian POWs in Azeri custody|work=Armenpress|date=23 November 2020|access-date=28 November 2020}}</ref> [[Michael Rubin]] of the ''[[Washington Examiner]]'', referring to the beheadings, the torture and mutilations of POWs, stated that, in contrast to Aliyev's reassurance of ethnic Armenians on remaining as residents of Azerbaijan, the actions of the Azerbaijani servicemen "tell a different story".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rubin |first1=Michael |title=Azerbaijan should guarantee Armenians access to Nagorno-Karabakh's churches |url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/azerbaijan-should-guarantee-armenians-access-to-nagorno-karabakhs-churches |work=Washington Examiner |date=23 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Human Rights Watch reported about the videos depicting physical abuse and humiliation of Armenian POWs by their Azerbaijani captors, adding that the most of the captors did not fear being held accountable, as their faces were visible in the videos.<ref name="ArmenianPOWs">{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/12/02/azerbaijan-armenian-prisoners-war-badly-mistreated|title=Azerbaijan: Armenian Prisoners of War Badly Mistreated|work=Human Rights Watch|date=2 December 2020|access-date=2 December 2020}}</ref> HRW spoke with the families of some of the POWs in the videos, who provided photographs and other documents establishing their identity, and confirmed that these relatives were serving either in the [[Artsakh Defence Army]], or the [[Armed Forces of Armenia|Armenian armed forces]].<ref name="ArmenianPOWs" /> A criminal case was opened in Azerbaijan over the Armenian POWs videos with the country's Prosecutor General's Office stating that inhuman treatment could result in the criminal prosecution of some soldiers serving in the Azerbaijani Armed Forces. It also stated that many of these videos were fake.<ref name="azeinvestigate">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/azerbaijan-55044791 |title=Erməni əsirlərin cəsədlərilə qəddar rəftarı göstərən videolarla bağlı Azərbaycanda cinayət işi açılıb |date=23 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> On 14 December, the Azerbaijani security forces arrested two Azerbaijani privates and two other warrant officers accused of insulting the bodies of the Armenian servicemen and gravestones belonging to Armenians.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://qafqazinfo.az/news/detail/ermeni-meyitlerini-tehqir-eden-4-herbcimiz-hebs-edilib-resmi-308348 |title=Erməni meyitlərini təhqir edən 4 hərbçimiz həbs edilib – Rəsmi |date=14 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=Qafqazinfo.az |language=az}}</ref> == Official statements == === Armenia and Artsakh === [[File:NA moment silence.jpg|thumb|right|President of the National Assembly [[Ararat Mirzoyan]] (second from left) leads a moment of silence honoring Armenian soldiers and civilians who perished during the war.]] On 27 September 2020, the [[Prime Minister of Armenia]], [[Nikol Pashinyan]], accused the Azerbaijani authorities of a large-scale provocation. The Prime Minister stated that the "recent aggressive statements of the Azerbaijani leadership, large-scale joint military exercises with Turkey, as well as the rejection of OSCE proposals for monitoring" indicated that the aggression was pre-planned and constituted a major violation of regional peace and security.<ref name="Pashinyan">{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/rus/news/1028969.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=98f50d3be7467be095f17b6579e9d7b5127d6229-1601273684-0-AV9Aq1xDiwWlWRcSm6_QNHFtPWl-1uy_12Mp1-D0QEdVBlulmTOWF6iUl0PRCA5eWHGJZNB9c8A8DWhMdgmkcE2nhhhAMZoTQgTjPIrSI5m3Dk5Ljw28Fwyrqfel7ZwrN7ZmevRVMNm_HmziN1HTKhwryYXhcZsP2CTqei4WfHFSOrdVvjbqm2FxC3mv2pt49tCMStF53flYq4GwdJq1ESf-xzVQZzRM6ndJSQPvkh9Gbz_spC9aM3-UIOghoCEjtMyqrrb8Mc5uA5M_d75HQHfgCnDvoKZpRxNq57MjQItE|title=Агрессия со стороны Азербайджана была спланирована заранее: Пашинян|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|date=27 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020|language=ru}}</ref> The next day, Armenia's [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Armenia)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] (MoFA) issued a statement, noting that the "people of Artsakh were at war with the [[Azerbaijan–Turkey relations|Turkish–Azerbaijani alliance]]".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://armenpress.am/rus/news/1029219.html|title=Народ Арцаха воюет с турецко-азербайджанским альянсом: МИД Республики Армения|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|language=ru|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> The same day, the Armenian ambassador to Russia, Vardan Toganyan, did not rule out that Armenia may turn to [[Russia]] for fresh arms supplies.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://armenpress.am/rus/news/1029218.html |title=Вардан Тоганян не исключил, что Армения может обратиться к РФ для новых поставок оружия|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|language=ru|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> On 29 September 2020, Prime Minister Pashinyan stated that Azerbaijan, with military support from Turkey, was expanding the theater into Armenian territory.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029486.html|title=Azerbaijan expanding geography of hostilities with active support of Turkey – PM Pashinyan|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> On 30 September 2020, Pashinyan stated that Armenia was considering officially recognizing the Republic of Artsakh as an independent territory.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029566.html|title=Armenia considers officially recognizing independence of Nagorno Karabakh, Pashinyan says|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|date=30 September 2020 |access-date=30 September 2020}}</ref> The same day, the Armenian MoFA stated that the Turkish Air Force had carried out provocative flights along the front between the forces of the Republic of Artsakh and Azerbaijan, including providing air support to the Azerbaijani army.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mfa.am/hy/interviews-articles-and-comments/2020/09/30/MFA_Turkey_Statement/10476?fbclid=IwAR0ylwyRWXr1pLEQ8chg70Xf0Mkx58sLdUwKwhdkm6I5kcGr1b15I4Mo63E|title=ՀՀ ԱԳՆ հայտարարությունը Թուրքիայի ԶՈՒ ներգրավվածության վերաբերյալ|publisher=MFA|date=30 September 2020|language=hy}}</ref> On 1 October 2020, the President of Artsakh, [[Arayik Harutyunyan]], stated that Armenians needed to prepare for a long-term war.<ref>{{cite web|title=Putin, Macron call for Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire as deaths mount|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/1/putin-macron-call-for-nagorno-karabakh-ceasefire-as-deaths-mount?scrlybrkr=a02a50bf|website=aljezzera.com|publisher=Aljazzera|access-date=1 October 2020}}</ref> Two days later, the Nagorno-Karabakh (Artsakh) Foreign Ministry called on the international community to recognize the [[Political status of Nagorno-Karabakh|independence]] of the Republic of Artsakh in order to restore regional peace and security.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/285974/|title=Karabakh urges international community to recognize its independence|publisher=PanArmenian |quote=Nagorno-Karabakh (Artsakh) Foreign Ministry on Saturday, October 3 called on the international community to recognize the independence of Artsakh.}}</ref> On 6 October 2020, the Armenian prime minister, Nikol Pashinyan, stated that the Armenian side was prepared to make concessions, if Azerbaijan was ready to reciprocate.<ref>{{cite web|title=Пашинян: Ереван готов к уступкам в карабахском конфликте, если к этому же готовы в Баку|url=https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/9645263|access-date=2020-10-29|agency=ТАСС}}</ref> On 9 October 2020, Armen Sarkissian demanded that international powers, particularly, the United States, Russia and [[NATO]], do more to stop Turkey's involvement in the war and warned that [[Ankara]] is creating "another Syria in the Caucasus".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hetq.am/en/article/122861|title="Turkey creating "another Syria in Caucasus", Armenian President Tells Financial Times |date=2020-10-09|website=hetq.am|publisher=Hetq}}</ref> On 21 October 2020, Nikol Pashinyan stated that "it is impossible to talk about a diplomatic solution at this stage, at least at this stage", since the compromise option is not acceptable for Azerbaijan, while the Armenian side stated many times that it is ready to resolve the issue through compromises. Pashinyan said that "to fight for the rights of our people means, first of all, to take up arms and commit to the protection of the rights of the homeland".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/21/pm-there-is-no-diplomatic-solution-to-karabakh-issue-at-least-not-in-this-stage/|title=There is no diplomatic solution to Karabakh issue, at least not in this stage|date=2020-10-21|website=armradio.am|publisher=Public Radio of Armenia}}</ref> On 12 November 2020, Pashinyan addressed his nation, saying that "Armenia and the Armenian people are living extremely difficult days. There is sorrow in the hearts of all of us, tears in the eyes of all of us, pain in the souls of all of us". The prime minister pointed out that the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Armenia reported that the war "must be stopped immediately". And the President of Artsakh warned that if the hostilities do not stop, Stepanakert could be lost in days. Pashinyan also stated that the Karabakh issue was not resolved and is not resolved and that the international recognition of the Artsakh Republic is becoming an absolute priority.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hetq.am/en/article/124228|title=Pashinyan to Nation: "Karabakh Issue Has Not Been Resolved"|date=2020-11-12|website=hetq.am|publisher=[[Hetq]]}}</ref> === Azerbaijan === [[File:Ilham Aliyev chaired a Security Council meeting (cropped).png|thumb|right|Meeting of the [[President of Azerbaijan|Azerbaijani President]] [[Ilham Aliyev]] with the country's Security Council on 27 September 2020]] The day before the conflict, on 26 September 2020, according to the [[Ministry of Defence (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijani Ministry of Defence]], the Armenian military violated the ceasefire 48 times along the line of contact. Azerbaijan stated that the Armenian side attacked first, prompting an Azerbaijani counter-offensive.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mod.gov.az/en/frontline-news-557/|title=26 September 2020 09:40 |publisher=Defence Ministry of Azerbaijan|date=26 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> On 27 September 2020, Azerbaijan accused Armenian forces of a "willful and deliberate" attack on the front line<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gulf-times.com/story/673912/Heavy-fighting-erupts-in-Nagorny-Karabakh|title=Heavy fighting erupts in Nagorny Karabak|date=27 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020|publisher=Gulf Times}}</ref> and of targeting civilian areas, alleging a "gross violation of [[international humanitarian law]]".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://azertag.az/en/xeber/Hikmat_Hajiyev_Armenia_039s_deliberate_targeting_of_residential_areas_and_the_civilians_is_a_gross_violation_of_international_humanitarian_law-1596165|title=Hikmat Hajiyev: Armenia's deliberate targeting of residential areas and the civilians is a gross violation of international humanitarian law|website=azertag.az|publisher=Azerbaijan State News Agency|date=27 September 2020 |access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> On 28 September 2020, it stated that Armenia's actions had destroyed the peace negotiations through an act of aggression,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://report.az/dagliq-qarabag-munaqishesi/hikmet-haciyev-ordumuz-azerbaycan-erazisinin-tehlukesizliyini-temin-edir/|title=Hikmət Hacıyev: "Ordumuz Azərbaycan ərazisinin təhlükəsizliyini təmin edir"|website=report.az|publisher=Report Information Agency|language=az|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> alleged that a war had been launched against Azerbaijan, mobilized the people of Azerbaijan, and declared a [[Great Patriotic War (term)|Great Patriotic War]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://report.az/dagliq-qarabag-munaqishesi/prezidentin-komekcisi-azerbaycana-qarsi-muharibe-baslayib/|title=Prezidentin köməkçisi: "Bu, Azərbaycan xalqının Böyük Vətən Müharibəsidir"|website=report.az|publisher=Report Information Agency|language=az|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> It then stated that the deployment of the Armenian military in Nagorno-Karabakh constituted a threat to regional peace and accused Armenia of propagandising, adding that the Azerbaijani military was operating according to international law.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Hikmat-Hajiyev:-%22Armenia-prepares-very-false-and-needless-information%22-331408|title=Hikmat Hajiyev: "Armenia prepares very false and needless information" |website=apa.az|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> The Azerbaijani authorities issued a statement accusing the Armenian military of purposefully targeting civilians, including women and children.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/az/sosial_xeberler/Dovlt-Komitsi-Ermnistan-silahli-quvvlrinin-qadin-v-usaqlari-qtl-yetirmsin-dair-byanat-yayib-607424|title=Dövlət Komitəsi Ermənistan silahlı qüvvələrinin qadın və uşaqları qətlə yetirməsinə dair bəyanat yayıb|website=apa.az|language=az|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> The Azerbaijani Minister of Foreign Affairs (MoFA) denied any reports of Turkish involvement, while admitting military-technical cooperation with Turkey and other countries.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://regnum.ru/news/polit/3075510.html|title=Азербайджан ответил на обвинения Армении в привлечении наёмников|website=regnum.ru|publisher=REGNUM News Agency|language=ru|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> On 29 September 2020, the President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, spoke about Azerbaijan's [[territorial integrity]]. Aliyev stated that Armenian control of the area and aggression had led to the destruction of infrastructure and mosques, caused the [[Khojaly massacre]], and resulted in [[cultural genocide]], insulting the [[Muslim world]] and being tantamount to state-backed [[Islamophobia]] and [[anti-Azerbaijani sentiment]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://azertag.az/xeber/Prezident_Ilham_Aliyev_Islamofobiya_ve_Azerbaycanofobiya_siyaseti_artiq_Ermenistanin_resmi_ideologiyasina_chevrilib-1598429|title=Prezident İlham Əliyev: İslamofobiya və Azərbaycanofobiya siyasəti artıq Ermənistanın rəsmi ideologiyasına çevrilib|website=azertag.az|publisher=Azerbaijan State News Agency|language=az|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> The Azerbaijani MoFA demanded that Armenia stop shelling civilians and called on international organizations to ensure Armenia followed international law.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/MFA:-We-demand-from-Armenia-to-stop-shelling-civilians-331517|title=MFA: We demand from Armenia to stop shelling civilians|website=apa.az|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> The Azerbaijani Ambassador to Russia denied reports of mercenaries brought in from Turkey by Azerbaijan,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://ria.ru/20200929/naemniki-1577940972.html |title=Посол Азербайджана опроверг данные о привлечении Баку турецких наемников|website=ria.ru|agency=RIA Novosti|language=ru|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> and the [[Vice President of Azerbaijan|First Vice-President of the Republic of Azerbaijan]], [[Mehriban Aliyeva]], stated that Azerbaijan had never laid claim to others' territory nor committed crimes against humanity.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Mehriban-Aliyeva:-%22May-the-Almighty-grant-every-Azerbaijani-the-chance-to-kiss-the-sacred-Karabakh-soil!%22-331594|title=Mehriban Aliyeva: "May the Almighty grant every Azerbaijani the chance to kiss the sacred Karabakh soil!"|website=apa.az|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> On 3 October 2020, Aliyev stated that Armenia needed to leave Azerbaijan's territory (in Nagorno-Karabakh) for the war to stop.<ref>{{cite web|last=Istanbul|first=Aren Melikyan in Yerevan and Arzu Geybullaeva in|title=President of Azerbaijan tells Armenia to 'leave our territory, and then, the war will stop'|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/03/asia/azerbaijan-armenia-president-intl/index.html|access-date=2020-10-04 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> The next day, Aliyev issued an official statement that Azerbaijan was "writing a new history", describing Karabakh as an ancient Azerbaijani territory and longstanding home to Azerbaijanis, and noting that Armenians had occupied Azerbaijan's territory, destroying its religious and cultural heritage, for three decades. He added that Azerbaijan would restore its cities and destroyed mosques and accused Armenia of distorting history.<ref>{{cite news|date=4 October 2020|title=President Ilham Aliyev: Today we are writing a new history of our people and state, a glorious history |website=apa.az|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/President-Ilham-Aliyev:-Today-we-are-writing-a-new-history-of-our-people-and-state-a-glorious-history-332072|access-date=4 October 2020 |quote=As you know, Azerbaijan has been fighting to restore its territorial integrity for a week now. On the battlefield, our soldiers and officers show heroism, inflict crushing blows on the enemy, put the enemy in its place, drive the enemy out of our lands at the cost of their lives... We are restoring historical justice today because the land of Karabakh is our ancient historical land. The people of Azerbaijan have lived, created and built in these lands for centuries. But for many years, for almost 30 years, Armenian executioners have occupied our lands, destroyed all our historical, religious and cultural sites. We will restore all our cities. We will restore all our mosques destroyed by the Armenians. Life will return to these places. We have put an end to the attempts of Armenians to change our historical names and falsify history, to erase the historical and cultural heritage of the Azerbaijani people. The historical names of our settlements are being restored and they will be restored.}}</ref> Two days later, Aliyev's aide, Hikmat Hajiyev, claimed that Armenia had deployed cluster munitions against cities,<ref>{{cite news|title=Ermenistan cepheden kaçıyor sivilleri vuruyor|language=tr|work=Dünya Bülteni|url=https://www.dunyabulteni.net/ortadogu/ermenistan-cepheden-kaciyor-sivilleri-vuruyor-h479865.html}}</ref> however this has not been verified by other sources. On 7 October 2020, Azerbaijan officially notified members of the World Conference on Constitutional Justice, the Conference of European Constitutional Courts, the Association of Asian Constitutional Courts and similar organizations that it had launched the operation in line with international law to re-establish its internationally recognized territorial integrity and for the safety of its people.<ref>{{cite web|date=7 October 2020|title=Azerbaijan sends notice to world courts on military ops|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/azerbaijan-front-line/azerbaijan-sends-notice-to-world-courts-on-military-ops/1998840|access-date=18 October 2020|publisher=Anadolu Agency}}</ref> He also accused Armenia of [[Discrimination|ethnic discrimination]] on account of the historical expulsion or self-exile of ethnic minority communities, highlighting its [[Demographics of Armenia|mono-ethnic population]].<ref>{{cite web|date=8 October 2020|title=President Ilham Aliyev: "Armenia is a racist country, representatives of no other nationality can live there" |url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/President-Ilham-Aliyev:-%22Armenia-is-a-racist-country-representatives-of-no-other-nationality-can-live-there%22-332434|access-date=8 October 2020 |website=apa.az|quote=There are representatives of many nationalities living in Azerbaijan. They live like one family. Azerbaijan is known as a multicultural country worldwide. This is acknowledged by the United Nations, as well as other international organizations operating in the humanitarian field. Azerbaijan is the land of tolerance, ethnic and religious tolerance. Thousands of Armenians live in our country today and they are our citizens. They also live normally, like all other nationalities. Of course, I am sure that after the end of this war and conflict, the Armenians living in Nagorno-Karabakh today will live with us. Azerbaijan is a multinational country. This has been the case throughout history. I think this is our great advantage.}}</ref> On 10 October 2020, Azerbaijani Foreign Minister [[Jeyhun Bayramov]] stated that the truce signed on the same day was temporary.<ref>{{cite news|author=Reuters Staff|date=2020-10-10|title=Azeri foreign minister says Nagorno-Karabakh truce is temporary|work=Reuters|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-armenia-azerbaijan-foreignminister-idUKKBN26V0JK|access-date=2020-10-10}}</ref> Despite this, Aliyev stated that both parties were now attempting to determine a political resolution to the conflict.<ref name=":3">{{cite news|last=Hovhannisyan|first=Nailia Bagirova, Nvard|date=2020-10-10|title=Armenia and Azerbaijan accuse each other of violating Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire|work=Reuters|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-armenia-azerbaijan-diplomacy-idUKKBN26V007|access-date=2020-10-10}}</ref> On 21 October 2020, Aliyev, stated that Azerbaijan did not ruled out the introduction international observers and peacekeepers in Nagorno-Karabakh, but will put forward some conditions when the time comes.<ref name="aljazeerapeacekeeper">{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/22/azeri-president-says-armenians-can-have-cultural-autonomy|title=Azeri president says Armenians can have "cultural autonomy"|date=22 October 2020|access-date=22 October 2020|agency=Al Jazeera}}</ref> He then added that Azerbaijan did not agree for a referendum in Nagorno-Karabakh,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ria.ru/20201022/karabakh-1580992201.html|title=Алиев исключил возможность проведения референдума в Карабахе|date=22 October 2020|access-date=22 October 2020|language=ru|publisher=RIA Novosti}}</ref> but didn't exclude the cultural autonomy of Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh,<ref name="aljazeerapeacekeeper"/> and reaffirmed that the Azerbaijan considers Armenians living in Nagorno-Karabakh as their citizens, promising security and rights.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20201022/armyane-1581006912.html|title=Права армян в Карабахе будут полностью соблюдены, заявил Алиев|date=22 October 2020|access-date=22 October 2020|language=ru|publisher=RIA Novosti}}</ref> On 26 October 2020, Aliyev, stated that the Azerbaijani government will inspect and record the destruction by Armenian forces in Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh during the [[Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54686682?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f96ffdd67645202b6c4c36e%26%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%20%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%20%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5%20%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8%262020-10-26T16%3A57%3A03.151Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:685e43b5-6cb6-46d3-b1e3-d06cb7246c89&pinned_post_asset_id=5f96ffdd67645202b6c4c36e&pinned_post_type=share|title=Алиев грозит Армении счетом за разоренные земли|date=26 October 2020|access-date=26 October 2020|language=ru|publisher=BBC Russian Service}}</ref> == Allegations of third-party involvement == Because of the geography, history, and sensitivities of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, accusations, allegations, and statements have been made of involvement by third-party and international actors, including in media reports and by the [[Syrian Observatory for Human Rights]] (SOHR). Evidence of the presence of Syrian fighters in Azerbaijan is increasing.<ref name="bbc_061020">{{cite news|title=Война в Карабахе: сотни раненых и погибшие по обе стороны фронта|trans-title=Karabakh war: Hundreds wounded and killed on both sides of the front|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944|publisher=BBC|access-date=6 October 2020|language=ru|quote=Some results of Saturday|archive-date=6 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006141402/https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[OHCHR]] stated that there were reports about mercenaries on both sides, and called for their withdrawal from Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref name="ohchr">{{cite news |title=OHCHR {{!}} Mercenaries in and around the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict zone must be withdrawn – UN experts |url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=26494&LangID=E |access-date=13 November 2020 |work=www.ohchr.org}}</ref> === Turkey and Syrian National Army === {{See also|Azerbaijan–Turkey relations}} [[File:Recep Tayyip Erdogan 2020 visit to Baku with Ilham Aliyev 25.jpg|thumb|[[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan|Recep Tayyip Erdogan]] with [[Ilham Aliyev]] on a 2020 visit to Baku.]] Prior to the beginning of the conflict, Turkey's upped rhetoric against Armenia, as well as its recruitment of several hundred Syrian refugees had been reported the previous week by Syrian commentators, activists and others on social media, circulated among Syrian refugees, dissidents and others who monitor Syria.<ref>{{cite web|last=FRANTZMAN|first=SETH J.|date=2020-09-26|title=Is Turkey planning to recruit Syrians to fight Armenia? – The Jerusalem Post|url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/is-turkey-planning-to-recruit-syrians-to-fight-armenia-643628|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018234150/https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/is-turkey-planning-to-recruit-syrians-to-fight-armenia-643628|archive-date=2020-10-18|access-date=2020-10-18|newspaper=The Jerusalem Post|quote=Turkey has upped its rhetoric against Armenia in recent days, threatening the country and claiming Armenia is "playing with fire" and alleging Armenia has recruited "terrorists". [...] Several hundred Syrian refugees have been recruited by Turkey to fight against Armenia in the disputed Karabagh region, according to claims by Syrian commentators, activists and other reports. The claims were posted on social media this week and circulated among Syrian refugees, dissidents and others who monitor Syria.}}</ref> Detailed reporting on the evidence of Syrian fighters in Azerbaijan exists, as well as apparent Turkish military involvement, causing international concern. Two days into the conflict, several Syrian National Army (SNA) members and the SOHR<ref name="SOHR1">{{cite news |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/186036/|title=Syrian rebel fighters prepare to deploy to Azerbaijan in sign of Turkey's ambition|publisher=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights|date=28 September 2020|access-date=4 October 2020|archive-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002050822/https://www.syriahr.com/en/186036/|url-status=live}}</ref> reported that a private Turkish security company was recruiting Syrians to fight in Artsakh;<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/28/syrian-rebel-fighters-prepare-to-deploy-to-azerbaijan-in-sign-of-turkeys-ambition|title=Syrian rebel fighters prepare to deploy to Azerbaijan in sign of Turkey's ambition|first=Bethan|last=McKernan|newspaper=The Guardian|date=28 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020|archive-date=28 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928212602/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/28/syrian-rebel-fighters-prepare-to-deploy-to-azerbaijan-in-sign-of-turkeys-ambition|url-status=live}}</ref> Azerbaijan <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20200929-azerbaijan-denies-turkey-sent-syria-fighters-to-support-it/|title=Azerbaijan denies Turkey sent Syria fighters to support it |website=middleeastmonitor.com|publisher=Middle East Monitor|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020|archive-date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929123407/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20200929-azerbaijan-denies-turkey-sent-syria-fighters-to-support-it/|url-status=live}}</ref> and Turkey issued denials. ''[[France24]]'', ''[[The Independent]]'' and ''[[The Guardian]]'' have reported evidence of Syrian mercenaries recruited in Syria by Turkey to fight alongside the Azerbaijani servicemen in Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://observers.france24.com/fr/20201020-videos-document-presence-mercenaires-syriens-conflit-haut-karabakh|title=Des vidéos documentent la présence de mercenaires syriens dans le conflit du Haut-Karabakh|publisher=France24|date=20 October 2020|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/armenia-azerbaijan-syria-war-fighting-mercenary-russia-b912446.html?fbclid=IwAR0Y231bnsLeiCKcayZYrZSoKDl4quZbpZGGWDDzPU2Z2OHr80trg6IqfIk|title=We don't even know where Azerbaijan is: The Syrian mercenaries driven by poverty to die in a distant war|publisher=The Independent|date=9 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=McKernan|first=Bethan|date=2020-09-28|title=Syrian rebel fighters prepare to deploy to Azerbaijan in sign of Turkey's ambition|work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/28/syrian-rebel-fighters-prepare-to-deploy-to-azerbaijan-in-sign-of-turkeys-ambition|access-date=2020-10-26|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=McKernan |first=Bethan|date=2020-10-02|title=Syrian recruit describes role of foreign fighters in Nagorno-Karabakh|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/02/syrian-recruit-describes-role-of-foreign-fighters-in-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=2020-10-26|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> A report in ''[[The Times]]'' partially confirmed Turkish involvement in sending 200 Syrian fighters to support Azerbaijani forces;<ref>{{cite news|last=Beirut|first=Hannah Lucinda Smith, Istanbul {{!}} Marc Bennetts, Moscow {{!}} Richard Spencer|date=29 September 2020|title=Nagorno-Karabakh clashes: Turkey sends Syrian mercenaries into combat against Armenians|work=The Times|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/nagorno-karabakh-clashes-turkey-sends-syrian-mercenaries-into-combat-against-armenians-wz6cqjc57|url-status=live|access-date=30 September 2020|issn=0140-0460|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930002607/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/nagorno-karabakh-clashes-turkey-sends-syrian-mercenaries-into-combat-against-armenians-wz6cqjc57}}</ref> a Turkish-based source reported that these were acting independently of the SNA.<ref name="guard"/> [[Emmanuel Macron]] accused Turkey of dispatching Syrian "[[jihadism|jihadists]]" to Nagorno-Karabakh via [[Gaziantep]]<ref name="Macron">{{cite web|date=1 October 2020|title=France accuses Turkey of sending Syrian jihadists to Nagorno-Karabakh|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-putin-macron/france-accuses-turkey-of-sending-syrian-mercenaries-to-nagorno-karabakh-idUSKBN26L3SB|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004084924/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-putin-macron/france-accuses-turkey-of-sending-syrian-mercenaries-to-nagorno-karabakh-idUSKBN26L3SB |archive-date=4 October 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|work=Reuters|quote="We now have information which indicates that Syrian fighters from jihadist groups have (transited) through Gaziantep (southeastern Turkey) to reach the Nagorno-Karabakh theatre of operations"}}</ref> while Russia expressed concern over "illegal armed units" from Syria and Libya being present in the conflict zone.<ref>{{cite web |title=Comment by the Information and Press Department on the movement of foreign mercenaries to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict zone |url=https://www.mid.ru/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/cKNonkJE02Bw/content/id/4363834|access-date=2020-10-04|website=mid.ru}}</ref> [[Syrian President]] [[Bashar al-Assad]] reiterated Macron's concerns.<ref name="assad">{{cite web|date=6 October 2020|title=Syria's Assad blames Turkey for fighting between Azeris and Armenians|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/syrias-assad-says-turkeys-erdogan-main-instigator-in-nagorno-karabakh-644704|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009013802/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/syrias-assad-says-turkeys-erdogan-main-instigator-in-nagorno-karabakh-644704|archive-date=9 October 2020|access-date=10 October 2020}}</ref> On 3 October 2020, Armenian Prime Minister [[Nikol Pashinyan]] stated that Syrian fighters, together with [[Turkish Land Forces|Turkish army]] specialists, were involved, along with circa 150 senior Turkish military officers, allegedly directing military operations.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-03|title=150 Turkish high ranking military officers in Azerbaijani command centers – PM Pashinyan|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1030164/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009093117/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1030164/ |archive-date=2020-10-09|access-date=2020-10-10|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|quote=Prime Minister of Armenia Nikol Pashinyan announced that the analysis of the developments of the previous day show that 150–200 soldiers of the enemy attack 1 military position of the Defense Army of Artsakh.}}</ref> The [[National Security Service (Armenia)|National Security Service of Armenia]] presented intercepts, allegedly between the Turkish and Azerbaijani military, and between the Azerbaijani military and mercenaries.<ref>{{cite web|title=СРОЧНО! СНБ Армении представила факт участия Турции и наемников-террористов в боях против Карабаха|url=https://news.am/rus/news/605835.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009092839/https://news.am/rus/news/605835.html|archive-date=2020-10-09|access-date=2020-10-10|publisher=News.am|language=ru}}</ref> U.S. Secretary of State [[Mike Pompeo]] stated that Turkey's involvement in the conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia has increased the risk in the region, inflaming the situation by arming the Azerbaijanis.<ref>{{cite web|last=Pavlovska|first=Elena|date=2020-10-16|title=Pompeo criticizes Turkey's involvement in Nagorno-Karabakh conflict |url=https://www.neweurope.eu/article/pompeo-criticizes-turkeys-involvement-in-nagorno-karabakh-conflict/|access-date=2020-10-16|website=neweurope.eu|publisher=New Europe}}</ref> On 2 October 2020, Russian investigative newspaper ''[[Novaya Gazeta]]'' reported 700–1,000 militants had apparently been sent to Azerbaijan and detailed their transport and recruitment itinerary, referring to the Hamza Division and the Samarkand and Nureddin Zinki Brigades.<ref>{{cite web|title=В бой вступают наемники|url=https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2020/10/02/87340-v-boy-vstupayut-naemniki|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008030747/https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2020/10/02/87340-v-boy-vstupayut-naemniki|archive-date=2020-10-08|access-date=2020-10-10|website=novayagazeta.ru |publisher=Novaya Gazeta|language=ru}}</ref> The [[State Security Service of Georgia|Georgian State Security Service]] stated news about the passage of Syrian fighters from Turkey through Georgia to Azerbaijan was disinformation.<ref name="georgiarefuses">{{cite web|title=В Тбилиси заявили, что боевики из Сирии не перебрасываются в Азербайджан через Грузию|url=https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/9619351|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008225014/https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/9619351|archive-date=2020-10-08|access-date=2020-10-10|website=tass.ru|agency=TASS|language=ru}}</ref> On 3 October 2020, Elizabeth Tsurkov, an American expert on Syria, reported on videos of Arabic-speaking foreigners, who she identified as likely Syrian mercenaries in [[Horadiz]], urging compatriots to join them.<ref name="bbc_061020"/><ref>{{cite news|date=2020-10-03|title=Syrians in the Karabakh conflict zone, geolocated|publisher=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944|url-status=live|access-date=2020-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008201843/https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944|archive-date=2020-10-08}}.</ref> Subsequently, Tsurkov detailed the recruitment, by the Hamza Division and Sultan Murad and Sultan Suleyman Shah Brigades, of at least a thousand mercenaries to Azerbaijan, including civilians with no fighting experience who had been informed they would be guarding [[Petroleum industry in Azerbaijan|oil facilities]] but were then sent to the front.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-16|title=The Syrian Mercenaries Fighting Foreign Wars for Russia and Turkey |url=https://www.nybooks.com/daily/2020/10/16/the-syrian-mercenaries-fighting-foreign-wars-for-russia-and-turkey/|access-date=2020-10-16|website=nybooks.com|publisher=The New York Review of Books}}</ref> On 5 October 2020, Russian News Agency ''[[RIA Novosti]]'' stated that 322 Syrian mercenaries were in the conflict zone and that 93 had been killed, while 430 from Syria had already arrived.<ref>{{cite web |title=Источник рассказал о гибели в Карабахе 93 сирийских наемников|url=https://ria.ru/20201005/karabakh-1578209189.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006221356/https://ria.ru/20201005/karabakh-1578209189.html|archive-date=2020-10-06|access-date=2020-10-10|website=ria.ru|publisher=RIA Novosti|language=ru}}</ref> On 6 October 2020, Russia's [[Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia)|Foreign Intelligence Service]] alleged that several thousand fighters from Middle East terrorist organizations had arrived in Nagorno-Karabakh to fight for Azerbaijan, specifically from [[Jabhat al-Nusra]] ([[al-Qaeda]] branch), Firkat Hamza, and the Sultan Murad Division, stating all were linked to the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|Islamic State]] (ISIL).<ref name="alqaeda">{{cite web|date=2020-10-06|title=Разведка доложила: в Карабах прибыли террористы из Сирии и Ливии|url=https://www.gazeta.ru/army/2020/10/06/13283173.shtml?updated|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010122605/https://www.gazeta.ru/army/2020/10/06/13283173.shtml?updated|archive-date=2020-10-10|access-date=2020-10-06|website=gazeta.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref name="alqaeda1">{{cite web|date=2020-10-06|title=Нарышкин назвал "принципиально новое" в конфликте в Карабахе|url=https://www.rbc.ru/politics/06/10/2020/5f7c5b249a79477685a1fab8|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007013945/https://www.rbc.ru/politics/06/10/2020/5f7c5b249a79477685a1fab8|archive-date=2020-10-07|access-date=2020-10-06|website=rbc.ru|publisher=RBK Group|language=ru}}</ref> On 7 October 2020, [[Asia Times]] reported that mercenaries allegedly signed up to go to Azerbaijan for US$1,500 a month.<ref>{{cite web|last=Zaza|first=Ahmad|date=2020-10-07 |title=Turkey deploys Syrian mercenaries to Karabakh war|url=https://asiatimes.com/2020/10/turkey-deploys-syrian-mercenaries-to-karabakh-war/|website=asiatimes.com|publisher=Asia Times}}</ref> ''[[Kommersant]]'' states that during the first week of October up to 1,300 Syrian militants and 150 Libyan mercenaries deployed to Azerbaijan.<ref name=":17">{{cite web|last=Cherenko|first=Elena|date=2020-10-16 |title=Принуждение к конфликту|trans-title=Forcing conflict|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4537733|access-date=2020-10-16|website=kommersant.ru|publisher=Kommersant}}</ref> On 16 October 2020, ''Kommersant'' provided details of Turkish military involvement. Turkish servicemen had apparently remained in Azerbaijan after joint military drills during the summer, to coordinate and direct the planning and conducting of the operations. Six hundred servicemen had stayed on, including a tactical battalion of 200 people, 50 instructors in [[Nakhchivan (city)|Nakhchivan]], 90 military advisers in Baku, 120 flight personnel at the airbase in [[Qabala]]; 20 drone operators at [[Dollyar Air Base]], 50 instructors at the aviabase in [[Yevlakh]], 50 instructors in the 4th Army Corps in [[Perekeshkul]] and 20 others at the [[Azerbaijani Navy#Naval Bases and installations|naval base]] and [[Azerbaijan Higher Military Academy]] in Baku. According to the source, forces included 18 Turkish infantry fighting vehicles, one multiple launch rocket system, 10 vehicles and up to 34 aircraft, including 6 warplanes, 8 helicopters and up to 20 military intelligence drones.<ref name=":17"/> [[Canada]] suspended the export of its drone technology to Turkey over concerns that it is using the technology in the conflict.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-05|title=Canada to suspend arms exports to Turkey over Armenia, Azerbaijan conflict allegations|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/7379529/canada-arms-exports-turkey/|website=globalnews.ca|publisher=Global News}}</ref> At the start of the conflict, according to the SOHR, a total of 320 Syrian fighters were in Azerbaijan, primarily of Syrian-Turkmen descent from the [[Sultan Murad Division]], and initially had not participated in the fighting. It stated that Arab-majority Syrian rebel groups had in fact refused to send their fighters to Azerbaijan.<ref name="auto3">{{cite web|date=2020-09-29|title=SOHR {{!}} Reports of 4,000 Turkish-backed Syrian fighters in Azerbaijan untrue|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/186142/|access-date=2020-10-01|website=The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|archive-date=2020-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004073720/https://www.syriahr.com/en/186142/|url-status=live}}</ref> However, the SOHR confirmed the deaths of 28 fighters several days after the start of the conflict.<ref name="SOHR01">{{cite news|date=1 October 2020|title=Nagorno-Karabakh battles – Nearly 30 Turkish-backed Syrian mercenaries killed in 48 hours, over 60 others missing|website=syriahr.com|publisher=SOHR |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/186420/|url-status=live|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004151400/https://www.syriahr.com/en/186420/|archive-date=4 October 2020}}</ref> On 3 December 2020, the SOHR stated that at least 541 pro-Turkey Syrian rebel fighters, who were among more than 2,580 combatants, had been killed in the war.<ref name="syriandead"/> An unidentified SNA leader, the ''[[The Guardian]]'' and ''[[The Washington Post]]'' confirmed the deaths of dozens of Syrian fighters, most of them hired by Turkey.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Carley|first1=Patricia|date=September 29, 2020|title=Turkey recruiting Syrians to guard troops and facilities in Azerbaijan|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/azerbaijan-armenia-turkey-syrians-recruiting-guard-facilities|publisher=Middle East Eye|quote="These situations are dangerous and this is not our battle, the Shia have been our number one enemy supporting the Syrian regime for 10 years", he said, adding that they will not just be used as guards and 30 Syrians have already been killed in fighting on the front.|access-date=October 10, 2020|archive-date=October 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002075651/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/azerbaijan-armenia-turkey-syrians-recruiting-guard-facilities|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=McKernan|first=Bethan|date=2 October 2020|title=Syrian recruit describes role of foreign fighters in Nagorno-Karabakh|newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/02/syrian-recruit-describes-role-of-foreign-fighters-in-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009090919/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/02/syrian-recruit-describes-role-of-foreign-fighters-in-nagorno-karabakh|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Fahim|first1=Kareem|last2=Khurshudyan|first2=Isabelle |last3=Zakaria|first3=Zakaria|title=Deaths of Syrian mercenaries show how Turkey, Russia could get sucked into Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/azerbaijan-armenia-turkey-nagorno-karabakh/2020/10/13/2cdca1e6-08bf-11eb-8719-0df159d14794_story.html|access-date=2020-10-16|issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/azerbaijan-armenia-turkey-nagorno-karabakh/2020/10/13/2cdca1e6-08bf-11eb-8719-0df159d14794_story.html|title=Deaths of Syrian mercenaries show how Turkey, Russia could get sucked into Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|date=2020-10-14|website=washingtonpost.com|publisher=The Washington Post|access-date=14 October 2020}}</ref> Prime Minister Pashinyan in an interview given to French newspaper ''[[Le Figaro]]'' wrote that 30% of Azerbaijani forces killed in hostilities were foreign mercenaries.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-06|title=Haut-Karabakh: la guerre n'aurait pas commencé "sans l'engagement actif de la Turquie", affirme le Premier ministre arménien|url=https://video.lefigaro.fr/figaro/video/haut-karabakh-la-guerre-naurait-pas-commence-sans-lengagement-actif-de-la-turquie-affirme-le-premier-ministre-armenien/|access-date=2020-10-06|website=lefigaro.fr|publisher=Le Figaro}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-06|title="The international community must intervene as swiftly as possible to prevent the spread of violence" – PM Pashinyan's interview with Le Figaro|url=https://www.primeminister.am/en/interviews-and-press-conferences/item/2020/10/02/Nikol-Pashinyan-interview-Le-Figaro/ |access-date=2020-10-06|website=primeminister.am|publisher=Government of Armenia}}</ref> Azerbaijani officials, including President [[Ilham Aliyev|Aliyev]] and his aid [[Hikmet Hajiyev]], denied the transfer of Syrian mercenaries, with Hajiyev stating that “Rumours of militants from Syria allegedly being redeployed to Azerbaijan is another provocation by the Armenian side”.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ilham Aliyev was interviewed by France 24 TV channel|url=https://en.president.az/articles/43037|access-date=2020-12-05|website=Official website of President of Azerbaijan Republic|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Azerbaijan denies Turkey sent it fighters from Syria|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/9/28/azerbaijan-denies-turkey-sent-it-fighters-from-syria|access-date=2020-12-05|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref> Jason Epstein, a public affairs consultant, and Irina Tsukerman, an American national security analyst stated in their opinion article that because of its “improved standing military and sophisticated and effective weapons”, Azerbaijan did not need foreign fighters, including Syrians.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-20|title=A pro-Western Azerbaijan deserves American support {{!}} Opinion|url=https://www.newsweek.com/pro-western-azerbaijan-deserves-american-support-opinion-1540120|access-date=2020-12-05|website=Newsweek|language=en}}</ref> [[Nezavisimaya Gazeta]] and [[:ru:Росбалт|Rosbalt]] also questioned “the sources of information” of the accusations regarding the participation of Syrian mercenaries in the war, pointing to the study by the Caspian and Black Sea Analysis Foundation (CCBS), a [[Bulgaria]]-based analytical center, which mentioned that the accusations were based on messages from [[social media]] users, and also suggested that the first publication on this matter was done on 21 September by Kevork Almasyan of whose statement was then used by adding random photos of Syrian fighters as evidence. CCBS further mentioned that even the photograph of a deceased soldier (Serdar Temelli), who had died during the Turkish [[Operation Tiger Claw]] in northern Iraq, was used to illustrate the mercenaries in Karabakh.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Сирийских наемников "отправляют" в Карабах виртуально / СНГ / Независимая газета|url=https://www.ng.ru/cis/2020-10-17/100_2010162230.html|access-date=2020-12-05|website=www.ng.ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Сирийские наемники в Карабахе: рожденные соцсетями|url=https://www.rosbalt.ru/world/2020/10/17/1868555.html|access-date=2020-12-05|website=Росбалт|language=ru}}</ref> Historian and Russian literature researcher Boris Sokolov in his article in the [[Kyiv]]-based ''[[The Day (Kyiv)|The Day]],'' stated that there was “no convincing evidence” of the presence of Syrian mercenaries.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sokolov|first=Boris|title=Почему победил Азербайджан и проиграла Армения|url=https://day.kyiv.ua/ru/article/den-planety/pochemu-pobedil-azerbaydzhan-i-proigrala-armeniya|access-date=2020-12-06|website=The Day – Kyiv based newspaper}}</ref> === Pakistani militants === {{see also|Azerbaijan–Pakistan relations}} On 17 October 2020, the Armenian National Security Service stated that Azerbaijan was smuggling in a significant amount of ammunition, mercenaries and "terrorists" from Afghanistan and Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/286679/|title=Azerbaijan smuggling in more terrorists, arms – Armenia NSS|date=2020-10-17|website=panarmenian.net|publisher=PanARMENIAN.net|access-date=2020-10-17}}</ref> Pakistan rejected this allegation as "irresponsible propaganda", and said the claims by the Armenian government had no substance.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1585565/fo-rejects-baseless-claim-by-armenian-pm-about-pakistani-forces-involvement-in-karabakh-conflict|title=FO rejects 'baseless' claim by Armenian PM about Pakistani forces' involvement in Karabakh conflict|work=Dawn|date=17 October 2020|access-date=1 December 2020|first=Naveed|last=Siddiqui}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://tass.com/pressreview/1217255|title=Press review: Has Pakistan entered the Karabakh conflict and why Pompeo is touring S. Asia|date=2020-10-28|website=tass.com|publisher=[[TASS]]}}</ref> Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in an interview with the Indian media ''[[WION]]'' that there was "information that militants from [[Pakistan]] are involved in the war against Karabakh."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wionews.com/world/pakistan-is-sending-armed-terrorists-to-azerbaijan-armenian-pm-tells-wion-337721|title=Pakistan is sending armed terrorists to Azerbaijan, Armenian PM tells WION|date=2020-10-24|website=wionnews.com|publisher=[[WION (TV channel)|WION]]}}</ref> He told Russian reporters about Pakistan’s active role in the conflict. The President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, stated that Pakistan had supported Baku diplomatically "but military assistance is out of the question." On 28 October 2020, ''[[Kommersant]]'' reported that at least one batch of militants with weapons and ammunition were formed and sent from Pakistan's [[Peshawar]] to Azerbaijan to participate in hostilities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4549481|title=В Карабах из-за Гиндукуша|date=2020-10-28|website=km.ru|publisher=[[Kommersant]]|lang=ru|trans-title=To Karabakh due to Hindu Kush}}</ref> === Armenian diaspora volunteers === [[File:Arayik Harutyunyan awarding a volunteer on November 2 2020.jpg|thumb|Artsakh's president [[Arayik Harutyunyan]] awarding an Armenian volunteer for allegedly capturing a Syrian mercenary on 2 November 2020.<ref name="ArmenianPOWs" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Artsakh President awarded members of the volunteer unit who captured a Syrian mercenary in the Karabakh conflict zone|url=https://www.panorama.am/en/news/2020/11/02/Artsakh-President/2392969#.X6EFuXFK-e8.link|publisher=Panorama|date=2 November 2020|access-date=3 November 2020}}</ref>]] On 28 September 2020, the Azerbaijani MoD alleged that among the Armenian casualties were "mercenaries" of Armenian origin from Syria and a variety of Middle East countries.<ref name="Syrianmercs">{{cite news |date=28 September 2020|title=Vagif Dargahli: 'There are mercenaries of Armenian origin from Syria and different countries of the Middle East among the losses of the enemy' |website=apa.az|url=https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Vagif-Dargahli:-%22There-are-mercenaries-of-Armenian-origin-from-Syria-and-different-countries-of-the-Middle-East-among-the-losses-of-the-enemy%22-331402|url-status=live|access-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929174638/https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Vagif-Dargahli:-%22There-are-mercenaries-of-Armenian-origin-from-Syria-and-different-countries-of-the-Middle-East-among-the-losses-of-the-enemy%22-331402|archive-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> On the same day, the [[Ministry of Defense (Turkey)|Turkish Minister of Defence]] stated that Armenia must "send back the mercenaries and terrorists it brought from abroad".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/erdogan-urges-armenia-to-end-occupation-in-upper-karabakh-158669|title=Erdoğan urges Armenia to 'end occupation in Upper Karabakh'|newspaper=Hurriyet Daily News|date=28 September 2020|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008022039/https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/erdogan-urges-armenia-to-end-occupation-in-upper-karabakh-158669|url-status=live}}</ref> Two days later, Azerbaijani authorities asked the international community to "adequately respond to the use of terrorist forces by Armenia".<ref name="ASALAinvolvement">{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/domestic-news/Hikmet-Hajiyev:-%22International-community-should-adequately-respond-to-the-use-of-terrorist-forces-by-Armenian-against-Azerbaijan%22-331711|title=Hikmet Hajiyev: "International community should adequately respond to the use of terrorist forces by Armenian against Azerbaijan"|website=apa.az|date=30 September 2020|access-date=30 September 2020|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001061433/https://apa.az/en/domestic-news/Hikmet-Hajiyev:-%22International-community-should-adequately-respond-to-the-use-of-terrorist-forces-by-Armenian-against-Azerbaijan%22-331711|url-status=live}}</ref> On 30 September 2020, the SOHR also stated that Armenian-born Syrian fighters were being transported to Armenia to fight against Azerbaijan.<ref name="SyrianArmenian">{{cite news|date=30 September 2020|title=Armenia–Azerbaijan conflict {{!}} First Syrian fighter of Ankara-backed factions killed in Azerbaijan|publisher=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/186288/|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-date=5 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005180045/https://www.syriahr.com/en/186288/|url-status=live}}</ref> The next day, Azerbaijani authorities stated that Armenia had widely employed foreign "terrorist forces" and "mercenaries" against it, with there being evidence of people of Armenian origin from the [[Middle East]], especially [[Syria]] and [[Lebanon]], and subsequently [[Russia]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Greece]], the [[United Arab Emirates]], and other countries.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://apa.az/en/frontline-news/Azerbaijani-MFA:-Foreign-terrorist-and-mercenaries-being-used-by-Armenia-against-Azerbaijan-332119|title=Azerbaijani MFA: Foreign terrorist and mercenaries being used by Armenia against Azerbaijan|website=apa.az|date=5 October 2020|access-date=5 October 2020}}</ref> A [[Novaya Gazeta]] report, citing [[Ministry of Interior and Municipalities (Lebanon)|Lebanese Ministry of Internal Affairs]] intelligence, stated around 500 ethnic Armenian Lebanese had travelled to fight in Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2020/10/02/87340-v-boy-vstupayut-naemniki|title=В бой вступают наемники|date=2 October 2020|access-date=13 October 2020|website=novayagazeta.ru|last=el-Hayek|first=Wadih|archive-url=https://archive.is/ki0sC|archive-date=4 October 2020 |language=ru}}</ref> In early October, ''Komsomolskaya Pravda'' reported that Armenians from Lebanon, who were members of [[Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia]], a militant group listed as a terrorist organization by the United States, had supported Armenia in the war.<ref name="KPSyria" /> ''Greek City Times'' have reported that about 500–800 [[Armenians in Greece|Armenians from Greece]], as well as some [[Greeks]] volunteered to the war on Armenia's side.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://greekcitytimes.com/2020/10/03/former-non-commissioned-officer-im-going-to-artsakh-with-500-800-greeks-to-crush-the-turks/ |title=Former non-commissioned officer: "I'm going to Artsakh with 500–800 Greeks to crush the Turks" |date=October 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=Greek City Times |language=en }}</ref> An Armenian defence ministry official had said many from the diaspora applied to volunteer without giving a precise number. Hundreds from as far afield as [[Argentina]] and the [[United States]] have rushed back to Armenia for combat training, a local instructor says. Karapet Aghajanyan, the combat instructor in [[Yerevan]], who trains local and foreign volunteers, told [[Reuters]] around 10 Lebanese-Armenians had received training in his camp.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-armenia-azerbaijan-lebanon-idUKKBN27H157|title=Despite Lebanon's woes, Armenians spring to action for Nagorno-Karabakh|first=Maria Semerdjian, Ellen|last=Francis|date=1 November 2020|website=reuters.com}}</ref> [[France 24]] spoke to soldiers including Armenian diaspora from [[France]] fighting in the Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20201027-armenian-diaspora-pitches-in-as-nagorno-karabakh-truce-crumbles|title=Armenian diaspora pitches in as Nagorno-Karabakh truce crumbles|date=27 October 2020|website=france24.com}}</ref> === Kurdish militias === {{See also|Armenian–Kurdish relations}} On 30 September 2020, Turkish sources alleged that approximately 300 [[Kurdistan Workers' Party|PKK]] militants were transported to Nagorno-Karabakh via Iran. However, these claims were not substantiated by evidence.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/turkey-iran-russia-benefit-from-azerbaijan-armenia-conflict-analysis-646951|title=Turkey, Iran, Russia benefit from Azerbaijan, Armenia conflict – analysis|date=2020-10-26|author=Seth J. Frantzman|website=jpost.com|publisher=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://eurasianet.org/question-of-syrian-mercenaries-takes-over-armenia-azerbaijan-information-war|title=Question of Syrian mercenaries takes over Armenia-Azerbaijan information war|date=2020-10-01|website=eurasianet.org|publisher=[[Eurasianet]]}}</ref> The Armenian President, Armen Sarkissian, has denied the Turkish allegations of PKK fighters being present in Armenia, describing them as "absolute nonsense".<ref>{{cite news|date=29 September 2020|title=Turkish claims of PKK fighters in Armenia absolute nonsense: Armen Sarkissian|website=alarabia.net|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/features/2020/09/30/Turkish-claims-of-PKK-fighters-in-Armenia-absolute-nonsense-Armen-Sarkissian|access-date=30 September 2020}}</ref> On 6 October 2020, the [[State Security Service (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijani State Security Service]] (SSS) claimed, citing intercepts, that Armenia had employed foreign mercenaries, including members of Kurdish militant groups whom Armenia had brought from [[Iraq]] and Syria, to fight Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/accidents-incidents-news/SSS-announces-facts-approving-fighting-of-PKK-terrorists-on-the-Armenian-side-against-Azerbaijan-332242|title=SSS announces facts, approving fighting of PKK terrorists on the Armenian side against Azerbaijan|website=apa.az|date=5 October 2020|access-date=5 October 2020|quote=The Republic of Armenia uses foreign mercenaries, including members of the Kurdish terrorist groups whom Armenia has brought from Iraq and Syria, in its aggression against Azerbaijan, Public Relations Department of the State Security Service (SSS) told APA. State Security Service of the Republic of Azerbaijan has intercepted conversations of the terrorists related to the PKK who are participating in combat activities against Azerbaijan. According to the intercepted conversations, the terrorists discuss the precarious situation on Armenia's side and numerous losses. They also talk about how the Azerbaijani side effectively uses drones and regret that they have come to the war zone being deceived by the Armenians. Here we present the above-mentioned materials.}}</ref> On the same day, Russia's [[Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia)|Foreign Intelligence Service]] alleged that there were Kurdish extremist groups, which, according to ''[[Al-Monitor]]'', are fighting on the Armenian side, while there is no direct evidence of it.<ref>{{cite web|first=Kirill|last=Semenov|url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2020/10/russia-recuit-syria-kurds-fighting-armenia-azerbaijan.html#ixzz6bcB3Sdip|title=Will Russia recruit Syrian Kurds to fight in Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict?|publisher=Al-Monitor|date=14 October 2020|access-date=22 October 2020|quote=In this context, it was beneficial for the Russian side to stress the presence of "Kurdish extremist groups", which, according to the intelligence service, came to participate in the conflict on the side of Armenia. While there is no direct evidence of this yet, the potential deployment of Kurdistan Workers Party units or affiliated organizations in the zone of the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict would be extremely sensitive for Turkey. If confirmed, instead of Ankara having eliminated the "Kurdish threat" at the southern borders of the country, a "terrorist hotbed" could be being created at Turkey's northern borders. This could be one price of Turkey's support for Azerbaijan.}}</ref> In early October, ''[[Komsomolskaya Pravda]]'' reported that there was evidence of Armenia being supported by the [[Martyr Nubar Ozanyan Brigade]] militants, part of the [[Syrian Democratic Forces]], and associated with the PKK.<ref name="KPSyria">{{Cite web |first=Mikhail |last=Ivanov |url=https://www.kp.ru/daily/217190.5/4297301/ |title=Разбор мифа: так чьи же всё-таки наёмники сражаются в Карабахе? |work=[[Komsomolskaya Pravda]] |date=2 October 2020 |access-date=8 December 2020 |language=ru }}</ref><ref name="KPSyriaen">{{Cite web |first=Igor |last=Nikiforov |url=https://news.ru/en/world/media-armenia-attracts-syrian-and-lebanese-war-veterans-to-karabakh/ |title=Media: Armenia attracts Syrian and Lebanese war veterans to Karabakh |work=News.ru |date=2 October 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |language=en }}</ref> This was denied by Armenia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.am/eng/news/608647.html|title=Armenian President: We must negotiate with Turkey as a party to the conflict, not as a mediator|date=2020-10-18 |website=news.am|publisher=News.am}}</ref> === Arms supplies === ==== Israel ==== Israel, a major trading partner and weapons supplier for Azerbaijan, was reported to had continued to ship weapons, especially drones, during the war.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-09-30|title=Israel sending weapons to Azerbaijan as fight with Armenia rages on: Sources|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/world/2020/10/01/Israel-sending-weapons-to-Azerbaijan-as-fight-with-Armenia-rages-on-Sources|access-date=2020-10-07|publisher=Al Arabiya English|archive-date=2020-10-03|archive-url=https://archive.today/20201003120240/https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/world/2020/10/01/Israel-sending-weapons-to-Azerbaijan-as-fight-with-Armenia-rages-on-Sources|url-status=live}}</ref> Nikol Pashinyan heavily criticized Israel for selling arms to Azerbaijan and its allies saying that they are working with "mercenaries and terrorists", who were "targeting peaceful population".<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/armenian-pm-to-post-israel-joins-forces-with-the-devil-647790?fbclid=IwAR0xp4eFD3InNMqKPeGZyrZ3PxBn2VmafimourA4N_l-WN8EzMS9rJ_xJis|title=Armenian PM to Post: Israel joins forces with the devil|website=jpost.com|publisher=the Jerusalem Post|date=2020-11-03}}</ref><ref name="Israel1">{{cite web|url=https://hyepress.com/2020/11/03/pashinyan-to-israel-you-lined-yourselves-up-with-turkey-terrorists-and-syrian-mercenaries/?fbclid=IwAR3ERqKFQzhyvoP64rIyA6ZwcbLoN1F_bH5C1y2cq9sXTti3FtMhG0Vic8U|title=Pashinyan To Israel: You've Aligned With Turkey, Terrorists And Syrian Mercenaries|date=2020-11-03|website=hyepress.com|publisher=Hye Press|quote=Israel has armed Azerbaijan with advanced military including killer drones and illegal cluster bombs outlawed by the UN. Pashinyan says Israel is arming Azerbaijan who is carrying out a second Armenian Genocide – this time in Karabakh.}}</ref> ==== Russia, Iran and Georgia ==== During the conflict, Azerbaijani and Iranian media reported that Russian weaponry and military hardware were being transported to Armenia via Iran.<ref name="bneIranArmeniaarmsshipment">{{cite news |url=https://www.intellinews.com/iran-denies-allowing-passage-of-weapons-into-armenia-after-video-emerges-on-social-media-192945/|title=Iran denies allowing passage of weapons into Armenia after video emerges on social media|website=intellinews.com|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> On 29 September 2020, the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iran)|Iranian Foreign Ministry]] denied these reports.<ref name="Irandeniesarmstrade1">{{cite web|url=https://en.mfa.gov.ir/portal/NewsView/612094|title=Spokesman Denies Claim That Arms Transferred via Iran to Armenia|website=mfa.gov.ir|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930142643/https://en.mfa.gov.ir/portal/NewsView/612094|url-status=live}}</ref> The next day, Azerbaijani government-affiliated media outlets shared footage reportedly showing the materiel being transported.<ref name="AzerbaijanclaimsIRARMarmstrade1">{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Video-footages-spread-regarding-weapons-and-military-equipment-transport-from-Iran-to-Armenia-colorredNEW-FACTScolor-colorredVIDEOcolor-331624|title=Video footages spread regarding weapons and military equipment transport from Iran to Armenia|website=apa.az|date=30 September 2020 |access-date=30 September 2020|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930142803/https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Video-footages-spread-regarding-weapons-and-military-equipment-transport-from-Iran-to-Armenia-colorredNEW-FACTScolor-colorredVIDEOcolor-331624|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="AzerbaijanclaimsIRARMarmstrade2">{{cite news |url=https://www.azernews.az/karabakh/169670.html|title=Military supplies for Armenia being shipped through Iran|website=azernews.az|publisher=AzerNews|date=30 September 2020|access-date=30 September 2020 |archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930142908/https://www.azernews.az/karabakh/169670.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3307948.html|title=Military supplies for Armenia being shipped through Iran|website=trend.az|publisher=Trend News Agency|date=30 September 2020|access-date=30 September 2020|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930143038/https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3307948.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Azerbaijani MP [[Sabir Rustamkhanli]] alleged that Iran was engaged in transporting weapons from various countries to Armenia.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://report.az/milli-meclis/mm-kubada-sefirlik-tesis-olunmasi-layihesini-qebul-etdi/|title=Deputat: "İran müxtəlif ölkələrdən gələn silah-sursatı Ermənistana daşımaqla məşğuldur"|website=report.az|publisher=Report Information Agency|date=30 September 2020|access-date=30 September 2020 |language=az|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930143135/https://report.az/milli-meclis/mm-kubada-sefirlik-tesis-olunmasi-layihesini-qebul-etdi/|url-status=live}}</ref> Subsequently, in the Azerbaijani Parliament, Rustamkhanli suggested opening an Azerbaijani embassy in Israel.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/foreign-news/Opening-Azerbaijani-Embassy-to-Israel-suggested-in-Azerbaijani-Parliament-331631|title=Opening Azerbaijani Embassy to Israel suggested in Azerbaijani Parliament|website=apa.az|date=30 September 2020|access-date=30 September 2020|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930121234/https://apa.az/en/foreign-news/Opening-Azerbaijani-Embassy-to-Israel-suggested-in-Azerbaijani-Parliament-331631|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Presidential Administration of Iran|Chief of Staff of the President of Iran]], in a phone call with the [[Prime Minister of Azerbaijan|Deputy Prime Minister of Azerbaijan]], denied the reports and stated that they were aimed at disrupting both countries' [[Azerbaijan–Iran relations|relations]].<ref name="Irandeniesarmstrade2">{{cite news |url=https://www.iribnews.ir/fa/news/2841669/%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1-%DA%A9%D9%85%DA%A9-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7-%D8%A8%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA|title=شایعات مبنی بر کمک ایران به ارمنستان کاملا بی اساس است|website=iribnews.ir |publisher=Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting|date=30 September 2020|access-date=30 September 2020|language=fa|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930143337/https://www.iribnews.ir/fa/news/2841669/%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1-%DA%A9%D9%85%DA%A9-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7-%D8%A8%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA|url-status=live}}</ref> Iranian state-affiliated media stated that trucks depicted in the footage consisted of shipments of [[Kamaz]] trucks that the Armenian government had previously purchased from Russia.<ref name="Irandeniesarmstrade4">{{cite news|url=https://www.iribnews.ir/fa/news/2841827/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AE%D8%A7%DA%A9-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86|title=انتقال کامیونهای روسی از خاک ایران!|website=iribnews.ir|publisher=Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting|date=29 September 2020|access-date=30 September 2020|language=fa|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930143710/https://www.iribnews.ir/fa/news/2841827/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AE%D8%A7%DA%A9-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86|url-status=live}}</ref> Azerbaijan's president initially stated that [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] had not allowed the transportation of weapons through its territory and thanked Georgia, as a partner and friend.<ref>{{cite news |title=Azerbaijani president Aliyev: Georgia has prevented transit for arms supply for Armenia|url=https://agenda.ge/en/news/2020/2914|publisher=agenda.ge|date=September 2020}}</ref> However, in a subsequent interview, he alleged that Armenia was misusing one of its [[Ilyushin Il-76|Il-76]] cargo planes for civil flights, to secretly transport fighters and [[9M133 Kornet|Kornet anti-tank missiles]] from Russia through Georgian airspace into Armenia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Алиев: Иран и Грузия закрыли воздушное пространство и наземные дороги для доставки оружия в Армению|url=https://report.az/ru/nagorno-karabakhskiy-konflikt/aliev-iran-i-gruziya-zakryli-vozdushnoe-prostranstvo-i-nazemnye-dorogi-dlya-dostavki-oruzhiya-v-armeniyu/|access-date=2020-10-28|website=Информационное Агентство Репорт|language=ru}}</ref> Georgia responded by stating that its airspace was closed to all military and military cargo flights but not for civil and humanitarian ones.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-17|title=Karabakh: Georgia Says Not Responsible for Civilian Flights|url=https://civil.ge/archives/375897|access-date=2020-10-28|website=civil.ge}}</ref> ==== Serbia ==== Azerbaijan has stated that Armenia is employing Serbian weapons, alleged to have been transported via Georgia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Serbia is Playing With Fire, Delivering Arms to Armenia {{!}} Balkan Insight|url=https://balkaninsight.com/2020/10/02/serbia-is-playing-with-fire-delivering-arms-to-armenia/|access-date=2020-10-07|website=balkaninsight.com|archive-date=2020-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006182614/https://balkaninsight.com/2020/10/02/serbia-is-playing-with-fire-delivering-arms-to-armenia/|url-status=live}}</ref> In response, the [[President of Serbia]], [[Aleksandar Vučić]], stated that Serbia considers both Armenia and Azerbaijan to be friends and "brotherly nations", insisting that Serbian weapons were not being used in Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://globalvoices.org/2020/10/08/serbian-government-first-flaunts-then-denies-having-sold-weapons-to-both-armenia-and-azerbaijan/|title=Serbian government first flaunts, then denies having sold weapons to both Armenia and Azerbaijan|date=8 October 2020|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009221751/https://globalvoices.org/2020/10/08/serbian-government-first-flaunts-then-denies-having-sold-weapons-to-both-armenia-and-azerbaijan/|url-status=live}}</ref> == International reactions == === OSCE Minsk Group === On 2 October 2020, the [[OSCE Minsk Group]], responsible for mediating the [[peace process]] in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict since 1992, condemned the fighting and called on those involved in the conflict to respect their [[Geneva Conventions|obligations to protect civilians]]. The Minsk Group stated that participation by "external parties" was working against the peace process. The group called for an immediate ceasefire, and "substantive negotiations, in good faith and without preconditions".<ref name="MinskGroup_2Oct2020"/> === Supranational and regional organizations === [[File:Ilham Aliyev received Baghdad Amreyev, Mustafa Rifat Adham Ikramov, and Marat Sharshekeev1.jpg|thumb|right|Secretary-General of the [[Turkic Council]], Baghdad Amreyev, in [[Baku]] on 2 November 2020.]] [[President of the European Council]] [[Charles Michel]] called for a bilateral cessation of hostilities, as did the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]] (OSCE)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gumrukcu|first1=Tuvan|last2=Tétrault-Farber|first2=Gabrielle|last3=Soldatkin|first3=Vladimir|editor1-last=Heritage|editor1-first=Timothy|editor2-last=Evans|editor2-first=David|editor3-last=Wallis |editor3-first=Daniel|title=Armenia–Azerbaijan clashes kill at least 16, undermine regional stability|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan/armenia-azerbaijan-clashes-kill-at-least-16-undermine-regional-stability-idUSKBN26I06E?il=0|access-date=27 September 2020|work=Reuters|date=27 September 2020|archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928175742/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan/armenia-azerbaijan-clashes-kill-at-least-16-undermine-regional-stability-idUSKBN26I06E?il=0|url-status=live }}</ref> on 1 October and 5 October 2020, and [[Secretary-General of the United Nations]] [[António Guterres]] followed by the [[United Nations Security Council]] (UNSC). Following a closed council meeting, the Security Council issued a statement. It condemned the use of force and reiterated the Secretary-General's call to immediately cease fighting, deescalate tensions and return to meaningful negotiations. It further expressed concern at "large scale military actions", regret at the death toll and impact on civilian populations, and complete support for the "central role" of the OSCE, urging both sides to cooperate towards an urgent return of dialogue without setting preconditions.<ref name="f24_300920" /> On 18 October 2020, the UN Secretary-General again called on Armenia and Azerbaijan to respect the humanitarian truce and condemned attacks on civilians.<ref>{{cite web|last=Melimopoulos|first=Arwa Ibrahim,Elizabeth|title=UN chief urges Nagorno-Karabakh rivals to respect truce |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/18/armenia-accuses-azerbaijan-of-violating-truce-in-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=2020-10-19|website=aljazeera.com}}</ref> Similarly, Secretary General of [[NATO]], [[Jens Stoltenberg]], expressed deep concern for the escalation of hostilities and called for the sides to immediately halt fighting and progress towards a peaceful resolution, urging NATO-member Turkey to use its influence to that end.<ref name="UPI">{{cite news|title=NATO to continue to support Turkey, Secretary-General says|url=https://www.upi.com/Defense-News/2020/10/05/NATO-to-continue-to-support-Turkey-Secretary-General-says/1431601916532/|publisher=United Press International|date=5 October 2020}}</ref><ref name=":20">{{cite web|title=NATO chief tells Turkey to help calm Karabakh conflict |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/1996983/nato-chief-tells-turkey-to-help-calm-karabakh-conflict|access-date=2020-10-09|website=Bangkok Post|publisher=Reuters}}</ref> Stoltenberg expressed NATO's neutrality and said that both "Armenia and Azerbaijan have been valued NATO partners for more than 25 years".<ref>{{cite news|title=Armenian president accuses Turkey in visit to NATO |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/international/world-news-politics/armenian-president-accuses-turkey-in-visit-to-nato-905323.html|publisher=Deccan Herald|date=21 October 2020}}</ref> NATO and the [[European Union]] (EU) have refused to publicly criticize Turkey's involvement in the conflict.<ref name="UPI"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Nato and EU silent on Turkey, despite Armenia's appeal |url=https://euobserver.com/foreign/149833|publisher=EUobserver|date=23 October 2020}}</ref> Secretary General of the [[Organization of American States]] [[Luis Almagro]] demanded that Azerbaijan cease hostilities,<ref>{{cite web|last=OAS|date=2020-09-27|title=OAS – Organization of American States: Democracy for peace, security, and development|url=https://www.oas.org/en/media_center/press_release.asp?sCodigo=E-098/20|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001013846/https://www.oas.org/en/media_center/press_release.asp?sCodigo=E-098%2F20|archive-date=2020-10-01|access-date=2020-09-28|publisher=OAS – Organization of American States}}</ref> whereas the [[Turkic Council]] demanded an unconditional withdrawal of Armenia from the occupied territories of Azerbaijan,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.turkkon.org/en/haberler/statement-of-the-secretary-general-of-the-turkic-council_2075|title=Statement of the Secretary General of the Turkic Council|website=turkkon.org|publisher=Turkic Council|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020 |archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928175702/https://www.turkkon.org/en/haberler/statement-of-the-secretary-general-of-the-turkic-council_2075|url-status=dead}}</ref> and adding that [[Turkic world]] have stood by "brotherly Azerbaijan".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://menafn.com/1101060499/We-as-the-Turkic-Council-and-the-Turkic-world-have-stood-by-brotherly-Azerbaijan-Turkic-Council-SecGe|title=We, as the Turkic Council and the Turkic world, have stood by brotherly Azerbaijan – Turkic Council SecGen|date=3 November 2020}}</ref> The [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] initially condemned Armenian "provocations"<ref>{{cite web|title=OIC Condemns Repeated Provocations and Aggresion by Armenian Military Forces against Azerbaijan|url=https://www.oic-oci.org/topic/?t_id=23879&ref=14184&lan=en|website=Organisation of Islamic Cooperation}}</ref> and subsequently expressed concern regarding Armenia's violations of the 10 October 2020 humanitarian ceasefire and conditional solidarity with the Republic of Azerbaijan, highlighting the OIC stance and that of the UNSC and urging a political solution to the conflict, and affirming respect for Azerbaijan's sovereignty, territorial integrity, and internationally recognized borders.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cooperation|first=Organization of Islamic|date=2020-10-14|title=OIC Reaffirms its Solidarity with the Republic of Azerbaijan |url=https://www.oic-oci.org/topic/ampg.asp?t_id=24820&t_ref=15170&lan=en|access-date=2020-10-18|publisher=OIC Reaffirms its Solidarity with the Republic of Azerbaijan}}</ref> On 19 October 2020, at the request of Russia, the United States, and France, the [[United Nations Security Council]] held closed consultations on the situation in Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.interfax.ru/world/732210|title=СБ ООН обсудил меры по контролю за соблюдением перемирия в Карабахе|date=2020-10-20|access-date=2020-10-28}}</ref> After discussions, a draft declaration was prepared on behalf of the [[Presidency of the United Nations Security Council|President of the Security Council]]. The draft declaration did not contain a reference to the [[List of United Nations Security Council resolutions on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|previous UN Security Council resolutions]] regarding the topic. According to Hikmat Hajiyev, this project was mainly prepared by Russia and France.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.is/https://report.az/en/nagorno-karabakh-conflict/hikmat-hajiyev-comments-on-discussions-in-un-security-council-on-armenian-azerbaijani-conflict/|title=Members of Non-Aligned Movement refuse to adopt document against Azerbaijan|date=2020-10-23|access-date=2020-10-29}}</ref> However, non-permanent members of the Security Council, who are the members of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]] at the same time, twice violated the silence procedure, insisting on the inclusion in the statement of a reference to the UN Security Council resolutions. Following the persistent and principled position of the member states of the Non-Aligned Movement, the draft statement in question was formally withdrawn. President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev, who is also the Chairman of Non-Aligned Movement <ref>https://en.president.az/articles/40878</ref> thanked those states including [[Indonesia]], [[Niger]], [[Tunisia]], [[Vietnam]], [[South Africa]], [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]], and the [[Dominican Republic]] for their fair position, announcing that he will continue to defend the interests of the member states, international law, and justice in the UN and other international organizations.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://azertag.az/ru/xeber/Pomoshchnik_Prezidenta_Xikmet_Gadzhiev_prokommentiroval_obsuzhdeniya_v_Sovete_Bezopasnosti_OON_po_armyano_azerbaidzhanskomu_konfliktu-1622313|title=Помощник Президента Хикмет Гаджиев прокомментировал обсуждения в Совете Безопасности ООН по армяно-азербайджанскому конфликту|date=2020-10-23|access-date=2020-10-28|website=apa.az}}</ref> === Countries === ==== Russia ==== Being a co-chair of [[OSCE Minsk Group]], Russia's main role in this conflict is that of a mediator. On 2 October 2020, along with the other two co-chairs of the Group, France and the U.S., it called for immediate cessation of hostilities in Nagorno-Karabakh, and asked both sides to continue negotiations without preconditions.<ref>{{cite web|title=France, Russia and US call for immediate truce in Nagorno-Karabakh|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20201002-france-russia-and-us-call-for-immediate-truce-in-nagorno-karabakh|publisher=France 24|date=2 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> On 6 October 2020, the Russian Foreign Minister [[Sergei Lavrov]] and his Iranian counterpart [[Mohammad Javad Zarif]] expressed concern about the involvement of Syrian and Libyan fighters in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, with the possible support of Turkey.<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia ready for "mutual concessions" with Azerbaijan|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/6/assad-calls-erdogan-the-main-instigator-in-in-nagorno-karabakh|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=6 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Russia, Iran concerned about Syrian and Libyan fighters in Nagorno-Karabakh – Moscow |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/armenia-azerbaijan-russia-iran/russia-iran-concerned-about-syrian-and-libyan-fighters-in-nagorno-karabakh-moscow-idINKBN26N2TQ|publisher=Reuters|date=2 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> Both Russia and Armenia are part of a mutual defence pact. However, on 8 October 2020, President [[Vladimir Putin]] expressed that the fighting is not happening on the territory of Armenia and therefore Russia would not intervene in the current conflict.<ref>{{cite web|title=Putin Says Fighting Is Not Taking Place In Territory Of Armenia|url=https://caspiannews.com/news-detail/putin-says-fighting-is-not-taking-place-in-territory-of-armenia-2020-10-8-0/|publisher=Caspian News|date=8 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> He also affirmed Russia's good relations with both Armenia and Azerbaijan. On 9 October 2020, Lavrov mediated a ceasefire after 10 hours of talks between Armenian and Azerbaijani Foreign Ministers in Moscow. The ceasefire was quickly broken.<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia and Azerbaijan accuse each other of violating Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire|url=https://ca.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-diplomacy-idCAKBN26V005|publisher=Reuters|date=10 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> On 22 October 2020, Putin indicated that the root of the conflict lines in interethnic clashes between Armenians and Azerbaijanis in the 1980s, and specifically referred to the [[Sumgait pogrom|massacre of Armenians in Sumgait]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Путин заявил о почти пяти тысячах погибших в Карабахе|url=https://ria.ru/20201023/putin-1581111641.html|publisher=Ria|date=23 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Putin: Karabakh conflict started with brutal crimes against Armenian people|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/22/putin-karabakh-conflict-started-with-brutal-crimes-against-armenian-people/|publisher=Public Radio of Armenia|date=22 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> ==== United States ==== On 27 September 2020, United States president [[Donald Trump]] said his administration was "looking at [the conflict] very strongly" and that it was seeing whether it could stop it.<ref name="DJTReuters">{{cite web|date=28 September 2020|title=Trump says U.S. will seek to stop violence between Armenia, Azerbaijan|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-trump-idUSKBN26I124|website=reuters.com |publisher=Reuters}}</ref> Presidential candidate and former Vice President [[Joe Biden]] demanded that Turkey "stay out" of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.<ref name="KellyNagornoKarabakh">Laura Kelly, [https://thehill.com/policy/international/518794-biden-says-turkey-must-stay-out-of-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict Biden says Turkey must stay out of Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004092433/https://thehill.com/policy/international/518794-biden-says-turkey-must-stay-out-of-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict|date=2020-10-04}} ''The Hill'' 29 September 2020</ref> In a letter to [[United States Secretary of State|U.S. Secretary of State]] [[Mike Pompeo]], Senate Foreign Relations Committee ranking member [[Bob Menendez]], Senate Minority Leader [[Chuck Schumer]], and several other lawmakers called for the Trump administration to immediately suspend [[United States military aid|U.S. military aid]] [[Azerbaijan–United States relations|to Azerbaijan]],<ref>{{cite news|date=2 October 2020|title=Senate and House Leaders to Secretary of State Pompeo: Cut Military Aid to Azerbaijan; Sanction Turkey for Ongoing Attacks Against Armenia and Artsakh|publisher=The Armenian Weekly|url=https://armenianweekly.com/2020/10/02/senate-and-house-leaders-to-secretary-of-state-pompeo-cut-military-aid-to-azerbaijan-sanction-turkey-for-ongoing-attacks-against-armenia-and-artsakh/ |url-status=live|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005130156/https://armenianweekly.com/2020/10/02/senate-and-house-leaders-to-secretary-of-state-pompeo-cut-military-aid-to-azerbaijan-sanction-turkey-for-ongoing-attacks-against-armenia-and-artsakh/|archive-date=5 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="defensenews">{{cite news|date=6 October 2020|title=Democrats urge halt to security aid to Azerbaijan in Armenia conflict|publisher=Defense News|url=https://www.defensenews.com/congress/2020/10/06/democrats-urge-halt-to-security-aid-to-azerbaijan-in-armenia-conflict/|url-status=live|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010113902/https://www.defensenews.com/congress/2020/10/06/democrats-urge-halt-to-security-aid-to-azerbaijan-in-armenia-conflict/|archive-date=10 October 2020}}</ref> sent through [[The Pentagon|Pentagon]]'s "building partner assistance program".<ref name="defensenews"/><ref>{{cite news|date=17 July 2019|title=US Allocates US$100 million in Security Aid to Azerbaijan in 2018–19|publisher=USC Institute of Armenian Studies|url=https://armenian.usc.edu/us-allocates-100-million-in-security-aid-to-azerbaijan/|url-status=live|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008151829/https://armenian.usc.edu/us-allocates-100-million-in-security-aid-to-azerbaijan/|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref> [[Eliot Engel]], chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, called the influence of third party actors like Turkey "troubling".<ref>{{cite news|date=September 29, 2020|title=Democrats warn Turkey over involvement in Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict |work=The Hill|url=https://thehill.com/policy/international/518737-democrats-warn-turkey-over-involvement-in-azerbaijan-armenia-conflict|url-status=live|access-date=October 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004085716/https://thehill.com/policy/international/518737-democrats-warn-turkey-over-involvement-in-azerbaijan-armenia-conflict|archive-date=October 4, 2020}}</ref> On 15 October 2020, Pompeo urged both sides to respect the humanitarian ceasefire and stated, "We now have the Turks, who have stepped in and provided resources to Azerbaijan, increasing the risk, increasing the firepower that's taking place in this historic fight... The resolution of that conflict ought to be done through negotiation and peaceful discussions, not through armed conflict, and certainly not with third party countries coming in to lend their firepower to what is already a powder keg of a situation".<ref name="statepompeointerview">{{cite web|date=15 October 2020|title=Secretary Michael R. Pompeo With Erick Erickson of The Erick Erickson Show on WSB Atlanta|url=https://www.state.gov/secretary-michael-r-pompeo-with-erick-erickson-of-the-erick-erickson-show-on-wsb-atlanta/|access-date=16 October 2020 |website=state.gov|publisher=The United States Department of State}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> A number of U.S. congressmen were more vocal in their criticism of the Azerbaijani side. On 22 October 2020, Representative [[Frank Pallone]] said he would introduce a bipartisan resolution with the backing of several dozen colleagues that "support[s] the Republic of Artsakh, recognizing its right to self-determination, and condemning Azerbaijan and Turkey for aggression".<ref>[https://pallone.house.gov/media/press-releases/pallone-introduce-bipartisan-resolution-supporting-artsakh-s-right-self-0 Pallone to Introduce Bipartisan Resolution Supporting Artsakh's Right to Self-Determination] 22 October 2020</ref> At least one congressman, [[Brad Sherman]], called for the imposition of sanctions against Azerbaijan through the [[Magnitsky Act]].<ref>{{cite web|date=10 October 2020|title=Rep. Brad Sherman calls for applying Global Magnitsky sanctions on Azeri officials|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1031116.html|access-date=26 October 2020|publisher=Armenpress}}</ref> On 23 October 2020, President Trump stated that "good progress" was being made on reaching an agreement in the conflict, saying: "We are talking about this; we are talking with Armenia. We have very good relations with Armenia. They're great people and we're going to help them".<ref>{{cite web|date=23 October 2020|title=Armenians are great people and we're going to help them – Donald Trump |url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/23/armenians-are-great-people-and-were-going-to-help-them-donald-trump/|access-date=26 October 2020|publisher=Public Radio of Armenia}}</ref> On 25 October 2020, U.S. National Security Advisor [[Robert C. O'Brien]] announced that Armenia has accepted a ceasefire, Azerbaijan has not yet but they are "pushing them to do so".<ref>{{cite web|date=25 October 2020|title=Armenia has accepted a ceasefire, Azerbaijan has not – Robert O'Brien|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/25/armenia-has-accepted-a-ceasefire-azerbaijan-has-not-robert-obrien/|access-date=26 October 2020 |publisher=Public Rdio of Armenia}}</ref> Later that day it was announced that both sides had agreed with a humanitarian ceasefire from the next day morning.<ref>{{cite web|date=25 October 2020 |title=Humanitarian ceasefire in Nagorno Karabakh to be effective at 08:00 on 26 October 2020|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/25/ceasefire-in-nagorno-karabakh-to-be-effective-0800-a-m-on-october-26-2020/ |access-date=26 October 2020|publisher=Public Radio of Armenia}}</ref> The [[Embassy of Armenia, Washington, D.C.|Armenian ambassador to the United States]], [[Varuzhan Nersesyan]], had invited [[United States]] intervention in the conflict, as had his [[Embassy of Azerbaijan, Washington, D.C.|Azerbaijani counterpart]] [[Elin Suleymanov]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Exclusive: Armenia, Azerbaijan Speak Out, Here's What They Want from U.S.|url=https://www.newsweek.com/exclusive-armenia-azerbaijan-speak-out-want-us-1535699|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002013430/https://www.newsweek.com/exclusive-armenia-azerbaijan-speak-out-want-us-1535699|archive-date=2 October 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|website=newsweek.com|publisher=Newsweek}}</ref> ==== Turkey ==== [[File:Ilham Aliyev received delegation led by Turkish Foreign Minister.jpg|thumb|right|Azerbaijani President [[Ilham Aliyev]] and the Turkish Foreign Minister [[Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu]] on 6 October 2020.]] The government of [[Turkey]] expressed support for Azerbaijan. Turkey blamed Armenia for violating the ceasefire<ref name="aj_270920">{{cite web|title=Armenia-Azerbaijan clashes: How the world reacted|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/9/27/armenia-azerbaijan-clashes-world-reactions|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927124156/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/9/27/armenia-azerbaijan-clashes-world-reactions|archive-date=27 September 2020|access-date=27 September 2020 |website=aljazeera.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Armenia and Azerbaijan erupt into fighting over disputed Nagorno-Karabakh|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54314341|url-status=live|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928055530/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54314341|archive-date=28 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Pakistan expresses "deep concern", assures support to Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|publisher=The News International|location=Karachi |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/721049-pakistan-expresses-concerns-over-nagorno-karabakh-conflict-assures-support-to-azerbaijan|url-status=live|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928092958/https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/721049-pakistan-expresses-concerns-over-nagorno-karabakh-conflict-assures-support-to-azerbaijan|archive-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> and Turkish President Erdogan initially urged Azerbaijan to persist with its campaign until it had retaken all territory lost in the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.<ref name=":20"/> Erdogan criticized the failed activities of the OSCE Minsk Group in the last 25 years as "stalling tactics" preventing a diplomatic solution.<ref name="reuters14oct">{{cite news|title=Turkey's Erdogan says Minsk group stalling on Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-turkey-erdogan-idUSKBN26Z1P8|access-date=21 October 2020|publisher=Reuters|date=14 October 2020}}</ref> Further, Turkey issued a statement on 1 October 2020 dismissing the joint demands from France, Russia, and the United States calling for a ceasefire.<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia-Azerbaijan: Both sides defy Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire calls|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54366616|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001030106/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54366616|archive-date=1 October 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|website=bbc.com|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref name="Reuters OSCE">{{cite web|last1=Bagirova|first1=Nailia|last2=Hovhannisyan|first2=Nvard|title=Turkey rebuffs Russia, France and U.S. over Nagono-Karabakh ceasefire moves|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan/turkey-rebuffs-russia-france-and-u-s-over-nagono-karabakh-ceasefire-moves-idUSKBN26M5IJ|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001202829/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan/turkey-rebuffs-russia-france-and-u-s-over-nagono-karabakh-ceasefire-moves-idUSKBN26M5IJ|archive-date=1 October 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|website=reuters.com|publisher=Reuters}}</ref> [[Northern Cyprus]], a self-declared state [[List of states with limited recognition|recognized only by Turkey]], expressed support for Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web|date=29 September 2020|title=Turkish Cypriot side sends messages of support to Azerbaijan|url=https://cyprus-mail.com/2020/09/29/turkish-cypriot-side-sends-messages-of-support-to-azerbaijan|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010113903/https://cyprus-mail.com/2020/09/29/turkish-cypriot-side-sends-messages-of-support-to-azerbaijan|archive-date=10 October 2020|access-date=10 October 2020}}</ref> Turkey accused [[Canada]] of a "double standard" in freezing military exports to Turkey but not [[Saudi Arabia]], which is involved in [[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen|military intervention in Yemen]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Turks accuse Canada of "double standard" in freezing military exports to Turkey but not Saudi Arabia|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-turks-accuse-canada-of-double-standard-in-freezing-military-exports/|publisher=The Globe and Mail|date=6 October 2020}}</ref> ==== Others ==== [[File:Ilham Aliyev received delegation led by Special Envoy of Iranian President1.jpg|thumb|right|[[President of Iran|Iranian Presidential Envoy]] led by [[Abbas Araghchi]] in [[Baku]] on 28 October 2020.]] Syrian President [[Bashar al-Assad]] blamed Turkey for the conflict,<ref name="assad"/> while Greek foreign minister [[Nikos Dendias]], on a visit to Yerevan on 16 October 2020, said that it was critical to end foreign interference, warning that Turkey's intervention was raising serious international concerns.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Statement by Minister of Foreign Affairs, N. Dendias, following his meeting with the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Armenia, Zohrab Mnatsakanyan (Yerevan, 16 October 2020)|url=https://www.mfa.gr/en/current-affairs/top-story/statement-by-minister-of-foreign-affairs-dendias-following-his-meeting-with-the-minister-of-foreign-affairs-of-armenia-zohrab-mnatsakanyan-yerevan-16102020.html|access-date=16 October 2020|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Hellenic Republic|date=16 October 2020 }}</ref> Israeli President [[Reuven Rivlin]] expressed sorrow at the resumption of violence and loss of life, stating that Israel's long-standing cooperation and relations with Azerbaijan was not for offensive purposes, adding that Israel was interested in promoting relations with Armenia and was prepared to offer humanitarian aid.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rivlin speaks with Armenian president, hopes ambassador will return soon|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/rivlin-speaks-with-armenian-president-hopes-ambassador-will-return-soon-644575|access-date=2020-10-05|website=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> However, Nikol Pashinyan heavily criticized Israel for selling arms to Azerbaijan and its allies saying that they are working with "mercenaries and terrorists", who are targeting a peaceful population.<ref name="auto2"/><ref name="Israel1"/> Armenia recalled its ambassador to Israel for consultations. Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan also rejected the [[humanitarian aid]] proposed by Israel and stated that the country should send that aid to the "terrorists".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/armenian-pm-to-post-israel-joins-forces-with-the-devil-6477904|title=Armenian PM to Post: Israel joins forces with the devil|date=2020-11-03|website=jpost.com|publisher=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|quote=Humanitarian aid by a country that is selling weapons to mercenaries, which they are using to strike a civilian peaceful population? I propose that Israel send that aid to the mercenaries and to the terrorists as the logical continuation of its activities.}}</ref> [[Israel]]i Defence Minister [[Benny Gantz]] accused Turkey of disrupting peace efforts in the region and called for international pressure on Turkey to dissuade "direct terrorism".<ref name="news24">{{Cite web|date=2020-10-06|title=Azerbaijan–Armenia war: Saudi Arabia calls for boycott of Turkish goods, Israel urges NATO action against Turkey|url=https://news24online.com/news/world/azerbaijan-armenia-war-saudi-arabia-calls-boycott-turkish-goods-israel-urges-nato-action-against-turkey-2248ea3f|access-date=2020-10-07|website=News24 English}}</ref> Israel declined to comment on the possibility of halting support for Azerbaijan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Israel may halt its weapons sale to Azerbaijan, Armenian ambassador says|url=https://www.jpost.com/international/israel-may-halt-its-weapons-sale-to-azerbaijan-armenian-ambassador-says-644602|access-date=2020-10-07|website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com}}</ref> [[Hungary]] stated it backed Azerbaijan's territorial integrity, adding it supports the reduction of tensions in the escalating conflict and a negotiated OSCE Minsk Group solution.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hungarytoday.hu/hungary-nagorno-karabakh-conflict-eu-summit-azerbaijan/|title=Hungarian Gov't Stands by Azerbaijan in Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict|first=Fanni|last=Kaszás|newspaper=Hungary Today|date=1 October 2020|access-date=2 October 2020|archive-date=5 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005043618/https://hungarytoday.hu/hungary-nagorno-karabakh-conflict-eu-summit-azerbaijan/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://index.hu/kulfold/2020/10/01/azeri/|title=Magyarország kiáll Azerbajdzsán mellett a hegyi-karabahi konfliktusban|first=Viktor|last=Buzna|newspaper=[[Index (Hungarian website)|Index]]|date=1 October 2020|access-date=2 October 2020|language=hu}}</ref> [[Ukraine]] stated that it supports Azerbaijan's territorial integrity, would not provide military assistance to either state,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3110781-avakov-ukraine-wont-provide-military-assistance-to-armeniaazerbaijan-conflict-parties.html|title=Avakov: Ukraine won't provide military assistance to Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict parties|newspaper=Ukrinform|date=2 October 2020|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-date=5 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005050512/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3110781-avakov-ukraine-wont-provide-military-assistance-to-armeniaazerbaijan-conflict-parties.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/ukraine-supports-azerbaijans-territorial-integrity/1993930|title=Ukraine supports Azerbaijan's territorial integrity|first=Tahla|last=Yavuz|newspaper=[[Anadolu Agency]]|date=2 October 2020|access-date=2 October 2020|archive-date=5 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005122528/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/ukraine-supports-azerbaijans-territorial-integrity/1993930|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3109423-ukraine-at-osce-calls-for-peaceful-settlement-of-nagornokarabakh-conflict.html|title=Ukraine at OSCE calls for peaceful settlement of Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|newspaper=[[Ukrinform]]|date=30 September 2020|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-date=3 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003013149/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3109423-ukraine-at-osce-calls-for-peaceful-settlement-of-nagornokarabakh-conflict.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and wanted to avoid an ethnic conflict between its own [[Armenians in Ukraine|Armenian]] and [[Azerbaijanis in Ukraine|Azerbaijani]] communities.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.unian.info/politics/nagorno-karabakh-kuleba-calls-on-officials-to-make-balanced-comments-11168372.html|title=Kuleba calls on officials to make balanced comments on Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict|newspaper=[[Ukrainian Independent Information Agency]]|date=2 October 2020|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-date=5 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005060429/https://www.unian.info/politics/nagorno-karabakh-kuleba-calls-on-officials-to-make-balanced-comments-11168372.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Pakistan]] supported Azerbaijan's position, stating that peace between both parties depended on the implementation of [[List of United Nations Security Council resolutions on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|UN Security Council resolutions concerning the conflict]] and a withdrawal of Armenian forces from Azerbaijani-claimed territories.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2268909/pm-pays-tribute-to-azeri-forces-valiantly-defending-their-territorial-integrity|title=PM pays tribute to Azeri forces 'valiantly defending their territorial integrity'|work=The Express Tribune|date=18 October 2020|access-date=1 December 2020}}</ref> [[Iran]] stated that no military solution to the conflict existed and expressed support for Azerbaijan's territorial integrity, emphasizing the need for a ceasefire and political dialogue and expressing concern over the conflict.<ref name="spokesman" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/453300/Tehran-urges-Armenia-to-respect-Azerbaijan-s-territorial-integrity|title=Tehran urges Armenia to respect Azerbaijan's territorial integrity|date=6 October 2020|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010113905/https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/453300/Tehran-urges-Armenia-to-respect-Azerbaijan-s-territorial-integrity|url-status=live}}</ref> While the [[supreme leader]] [[Ali Khamenei]] told that Azerbaijan is "entitled to liberate its occupied territories", and that the security of Armenian minority should be ensured.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/165482/Iran-s-policies-not-to-change-with-change-of-US-gov|title=Iran's policies not to change with change of US gov.|date=3 November 2020}}</ref> [[Albania]] stated that it supports territorial integrity of Azerbaijan and called both sides to solve conflict with peaceful negotiations.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://albaniandailynews.com/news/president-meta-accepts-azerbaijan-ambassador-s-credentials |title=President Meta accepts Azerbaijan ambassador's credentials |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=22 October 2020 |website=albaniandailynews.com |quote=I confirmed Albania's support for the territorial integrity of Azerbaijan..}}</ref> Representatives of countries, including [[Argentina]],<ref>{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Preocupación argentina por los enfrentamientos entre Armenia y Azerbaiyán|language=es|trans-title=Argentine concern over the clashes between Armenia and Azerbaijan|work=cancilleria.gob.ar|agency=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship]]|url=https://www.cancilleria.gob.ar/es/actualidad/noticias/preocupacion-argentina-por-los-enfrentamientos-entre-armenia-y-azerbaiyan|url-status=live|access-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002033731/https://www.cancilleria.gob.ar/es/actualidad/noticias/preocupacion-argentina-por-los-enfrentamientos-entre-armenia-y-azerbaiyan|archive-date=2 October 2020}}</ref> [[Canada]],<ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=Joint statement by Canada and the United Kingdom on the Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict|work=canada.ca|agency=[[Global Affairs Canada]]|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2020/09/joint-statement-by-canada-and-the-united-kingdom-on-the-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict.html|url-status=live|access-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003214605/https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2020/09/joint-statement-by-canada-and-the-united-kingdom-on-the-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict.html|archive-date=3 October 2020}}</ref> [[Chile]],<ref>{{cite news|date=29 September 2020|title=Chile expresa su preocupación por enfrentamientos entre Armenia y Azerbaiyán|language=es|trans-title=Chile expresses concern over clashes between Armenia and Azerbaijan|work=minrel.gob.cl|agency=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Chile)]]|url=https://minrel.gob.cl/chile-expresa-su-preocupacion-por-enfrentamientos-entre-armenia-y/minrel/2020-09-29/192927.html|url-status=live|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010113831/https://minrel.gob.cl/chile-expresa-su-preocupacion-por-enfrentamientos-entre-armenia-y/minrel/2020-09-29/192927.html|archive-date=10 October 2020}}</ref> [[China]],<ref>{{Cite news|author=Reuters Staff|date=2020-09-28|title=China says hopes Armenia, Azerbaijan resolve differences via talks|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/armenia-azerbaijan-china-idUSB9N2G5048|url-status=live|access-date=2020-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003010737/https://www.reuters.com/article/armenia-azerbaijan-china-idUSB9N2G5048|archive-date=2020-10-03}}</ref> [[Croatia]],<ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=Croatia calls for ceasefire in Nagorno-Karabakh|work=[[N1 (TV channel)|N1]]|location=Zagreb|url=http://hr.n1info.com/English/NEWS/a558425/Croatia-calls-for-ceasefire-in-Nagorno-Karabakh.html|url-status=live|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008211601/http://hr.n1info.com/English/NEWS/a558425/Croatia-calls-for-ceasefire-in-Nagorno-Karabakh.html|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref> [[Estonia]],<ref>{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Estonia plans to initiate UNSC consultations on Nagorno-Karabakh|newspaper=TASS Russian News Agency|url=https://tass.com/world/1205663|url-status=live|access-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001045854/https://tass.com/world/1205663|archive-date=1 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=30 September 2020|title=Riigikogu parliamentary groups express concern for Armenia, Azerbaijan|newspaper=[[Eesti Rahvusringhääling]]|url=https://news.err.ee/1141138/riigikogu-parliamentary-groups-express-concern-for-armenia-azerbaijan|url-status=live|access-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002144352/https://news.err.ee/1141138/riigikogu-parliamentary-groups-express-concern-for-armenia-azerbaijan|archive-date=2 October 2020}}</ref> [[France]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Blamont|first1=Matthias|date=27 September 2020|title=France calls on Armenia, Azerbaijan to end hostilities|work=[[Reuters]]|editor1-last=Evans|editor1-first=Catherine|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-france/france-calls-on-armenia-azerbaijan-to-end-hostilities-idUSKBN26I0CE|url-status=live|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927122302/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-france/france-calls-on-armenia-azerbaijan-to-end-hostilities-idUSKBN26I0CE|archive-date=27 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="TASS OSCE">{{cite web|title=Putin, Macron, Trump call for talks on Nagorno-Karabakh without preconditions|url=https://tass.com/politics/1207437|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001170317/https://tass.com/politics/1207437|archive-date=1 October 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|website=TASS Russian News Agency|publisher=TASS}}</ref><ref name="FT OSCE">{{cite web|last1=Foy|first1=Henry|last2=Pitel|first2=Laura|last3=Peel|first3=Michael|title=Russia, France and US demand Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire|url=https://www.ft.com/content/3963793e-2530-41b9-a8b9-e3b3c7993f27|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004214204/https://www.ft.com/content/3963793e-2530-41b9-a8b9-e3b3c7993f27|archive-date=4 October 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|website=Financial Times|publisher=The Financial Times, Ltd.}}</ref> [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]],<ref name="Georgia">{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Georgia concerned with resumption of hostilities between Armenia, Azerbaijan|work=Agenda.ge|url=https://agenda.ge/en/news/2020/2991|url-status=dead|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929173856/https://agenda.ge/en/news/2020/2991|archive-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> [[Germany]],<ref name="aj_270920" /> [[Greece]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Simos|first1=Andriana|date=28 September 2020|title=Greece calls on Armenia-Azerbaijan to stop military operations immediately|agency=[[The Greek Herald]]|url=https://greekherald.com.au/news/world/greece-calls-on-armenia-azerbaijan-to-stop-military-operations-immediately/|url-status=live|access-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008203428/https://greekherald.com.au/news/world/greece-calls-on-armenia-azerbaijan-to-stop-military-operations-immediately/|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref> [[India]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-01|title=Armenia-Azerbaijan war rages on for fifth day, India voices concern and calls for restraint|url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/armenia-azerbaijan-war-rages-on-for-fifth-day-india-voices-concern-and-calls-for-restraint-2313878.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002064112/https://zeenews.india.com/india/armenia-azerbaijan-war-rages-on-for-fifth-day-india-voices-concern-and-calls-for-restraint-2313878.html|archive-date=2020-10-02|access-date=2020-10-02|website=Zee News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-02|title=Armenia-Azerbaijan flare-up: India asks all sides to cease hostilities|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/armenia-azerbaijan-flare-up-india-asks-all-sides-to-cease-hostilities-6664061/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004072221/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/armenia-azerbaijan-flare-up-india-asks-all-sides-to-cease-hostilities-6664061/|archive-date=2020-10-04|access-date=2020-10-02|website=The Indian Express}}</ref> [[Indonesia]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Arbar|first1=Thea Fathanah|date=3 October 2020|title=Perang Armenia vs Azerbaijan, Ini Sikap RI|language=id-ID|work=CNBC Indonesia|url=https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20201002105642-4-191144/perang-armenia-vs-azerbaijan-ini-sikap-ri|url-status=live|access-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007202733/https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20201002105642-4-191144/perang-armenia-vs-azerbaijan-ini-sikap-ri|archive-date=7 October 2020}}</ref> [[Iran]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hafezi|first1=Parisa|date=27 September 2020|title=Iran calls for immediate end to the conflict between Armenia, Azerbaijan – TV|work=[[Reuters]]|editor1-last=Evans|editor1-first=Catherine|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-armenia-azerbaijan-iran-idUKKBN26I0K7|url-status=live|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002033844/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-armenia-azerbaijan-iran-idUKKBN26I0K7|archive-date=2 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="Rouhani FARS">{{cite web|title=Rouhani: Iran Ready to Help Resolve Dispute between Armenia, Azerbaijan|url=https://en.farsnews.ir/13990709000952|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010113834/https://en.farsnews.ir/13990709000952|archive-date=10 October 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|website=FARS News Agency|publisher=FARS News Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Iran cannot tolerate conflict on its borders: Spox|work=Iran Press|url=https://iranpress.com/content/28215|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010113832/https://iranpress.com/content/28215|archive-date=2020-10-10}}</ref> [[Kazakhstan]],<ref>{{cite web|date=27 September 2020|title=Statement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kazakhstan over the escalation of the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict|url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mfa/press/news/details/zayavlenie-mid-rk-v-svyazi-s-eskalaciey-armyano-azerbaydzhanskogo-konflikta?lang=en|access-date=1 October 2020|agency=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Kazakhstan)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kazakhstan]]}}</ref> [[Latvia]],<ref>{{cite news|date=30 September 2020|title=Latvian minister urges Armenia and Azerbaijan to cease hostilities|newspaper=Vestnik Kavkaza|url=https://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Latvian-minister-urges-Armenia-and-Azerbaijan-to-cease-hostilities.html|url-status=live|access-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002124636/https://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Latvian-minister-urges-Armenia-and-Azerbaijan-to-cease-hostilities.html|archive-date=2 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="LatvLith">{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Lithuanian, Latvian FMs concerned over Armenia's large-scale provocation against Azerbaijan|newspaper=[[Trend News Agency]]|url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3305967.html|url-status=live|access-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929141233/https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3305967.html|archive-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> [[Lithuania]],<ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=Linkevičius: Lithuania calls on Armenia and Azerbaijan to stop military action|newspaper=[[Delfi (web portal)|Delfi]]|url=https://en.delfi.lt/politics/linkevicius-lithuania-calls-on-armenia-and-azerbaijan-to-stop-military-action.d?id=85347055|url-status=live|access-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001030025/https://en.delfi.lt/politics/linkevicius-lithuania-calls-on-armenia-and-azerbaijan-to-stop-military-action.d?id=85347055|archive-date=1 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="LatvLith" /> [[Moldova]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Avanesov|first=Alexander|date=28 September 2020|title=Президент Молдовы призывает Армению и Азербайджан остановить огонь|language=ru|newspaper=Arminfo|url=https://arminfo.info/full_news.php?id=55465}}</ref> [[Poland]],<ref>{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Polish MFA expresses deep concern with reported military clashes around Nagorno-Karabakh|work=en.trend.az|agency=Trend News Agency|url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/karabakh/3306239.html|url-status=live|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008022043/https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/karabakh/3306239.html|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref> [[Romania]],<ref>{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Conflict militar între Armenia și Azerbaidjan în regiunea Nagorno-Karabah|language=ro|newspaper=Radio Europa Liberă România|url=https://romania.europalibera.org/a/conflict-militar-intre-armenia-si-azerbaidjan-in-regiunea-nogorno-karabah/30860686.html|url-status=dead|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003073442/https://romania.europalibera.org/a/conflict-militar-intre-armenia-si-azerbaidjan-in-regiunea-nogorno-karabah/30860686.html|archive-date=3 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Grigoryan|first=Anna|date=27 September 2020|title=Ռումինիան հայկական, ադրբեջանական կողմերին կոչ է անում վերսկսել քաղաքական երկխոսությունը|language=hy|newspaper=[[Armenpress]]|location=[[Yerevan]]|url=https://armenpress.am/arm/news/1029007.html|url-status=live|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008194208/https://armenpress.am/arm/news/1029007.html|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref> [[Russia]],<ref name="TASS OSCE" /><ref name="FT OSCE" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Темникова|first=Ксения|date=27 September 2020|title=Россия призвала Ереван и Баку прекратить огонь в Нагорном Карабахе|url=https://iz.ru/1066007/2020-09-27/rossiia-prizvala-erevan-i-baku-prekratit-ogon-v-nagornom-karabakhe|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001161541/https://iz.ru/1066007/2020-09-27/rossiia-prizvala-erevan-i-baku-prekratit-ogon-v-nagornom-karabakhe|archive-date=2020-10-01|access-date=2020-10-10|website=Известия}}</ref> [[Saudi Arabia]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bahrain News Agency|url=https://www.bna.bh/en/index.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902233604/https://www.bna.bh/en/index.aspx|archive-date=2019-09-02|access-date=2020-09-29|website=bna.bh}}</ref> the United Kingdom,<ref>{{Cite web|last=News|first=Mirage|date=2020-09-29|title=By Canada and United Kingdom on Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict {{!}} Mirage News|url=https://www.miragenews.com/by-canada-and-united-kingdom-on-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict/,%20https://www.miragenews.com/by-canada-and-united-kingdom-on-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict|access-date=2020-09-29|website=miragenews.com|language=en-AU}}</ref> the United States,<ref name="TASS OSCE" /><ref name="FT OSCE" /><ref>{{cite news|last1=Schroeder|first1=Pete|date=27 September 2020|title=U.S. urges immediate halt to violence between Azerbaijan and Armenia|work=[[Reuters]]|editor1-last=Cooney|editor1-first=Peter|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-usa/u-s-urges-immediate-halt-to-violence-between-azerbaijan-and-armenia-idUSKBN26I0YO?il=0|url-status=live|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927235301/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-usa/u-s-urges-immediate-halt-to-violence-between-azerbaijan-and-armenia-idUSKBN26I0YO?il=0|archive-date=27 September 2020}}</ref> [[Uruguay]],<ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=Gobierno del Uruguay expresa preocupación por escalada de violencia en la región de Nagorno – Karabaj|language=es|trans-title=Government of Uruguay expresses concern over escalation of violence in the Nagorno-Karabakh region|work=gub.uy|agency=[[Ministry of Foreign Relations (Uruguay)]]|url=https://www.gub.uy/ministerio-relaciones-exteriores/comunicacion/noticias/gobierno-del-uruguay-expresa-preocupacion-escalada-violencia-region-nagorno|url-status=live|access-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002043026/https://www.gub.uy/ministerio-relaciones-exteriores/comunicacion/noticias/gobierno-del-uruguay-expresa-preocupacion-escalada-violencia-region-nagorno|archive-date=2 October 2020}}</ref> and the [[Holy See]],<ref name="aj_270920" /> have called for a peaceful resolution to the conflict. [[Afghanistan]] called for an end to Armenian occupation in Nagorno-Karabakh while calling for a cease-fire, urging the parties involved to resolve the long-standing crisis peacefully.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kabul calls for end to occupation in Nagorno-Karabakh|work=Anadolu Agency|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/kabul-calls-for-end-to-occupation-in-nagorno-karabakh/1989233|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009050347/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/kabul-calls-for-end-to-occupation-in-nagorno-karabakh/1989233|archive-date=2020-10-09}}</ref> [[Bosniaks|Bosniak]] [[List of members of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina|member]] of the [[Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] [[Šefik Džaferović]] and the leader of the [[Party of Democratic Action]], [[Bakir Izetbegović]], voiced support for Azerbaijan, condemning Armenia and comparing the situation with the 1992–1995 [[Bosnian War]].<ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=Džaferović i Izetbegović podupiru Azerbajdžan i osuđuju Armeniju, nadaju se trajnom rješenju|work=[[Jutarnji list]]|location=[[Zagreb]]|url=https://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/svijet/dzaferovic-i-izetbegovic-podupiru-azerbajdzan-i-osuduju-armeniju-nadaju-se-trajnom-rjesenju-15021822|url-status=live|access-date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929073846/https://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/svijet/dzaferovic-i-izetbegovic-podupiru-azerbajdzan-i-osuduju-armeniju-nadaju-se-trajnom-rjesenju-15021822|archive-date=29 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=28 September 2020|title=Afghanistan backs Azerbaijan in its clashes with Armenia|url=https://menafn.com/1100870261/Afghanistan-backs-Azerbaijan-in-its-clashes-with-Armenia|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008000732/https://menafn.com/1100870261/Afghanistan-backs-Azerbaijan-in-its-clashes-with-Armenia|archive-date=8 October 2020|access-date=10 October 2020}}</ref> [[Cyprus]] condemned Azerbaijan for breaching [[Bishkek Protocol|the ceasefire]] and for any escalating actions, calling for a return to peaceful negotiations.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Press Releases Article – PIO|url=https://www.pio.gov.cy/en/press-releases-article.html?id=15921|access-date=2020-10-18|website=pio.gov.cy|language=en}}</ref> The unrecognized or partially recognized countries of [[Transnistria]], [[Abkhazia]] and [[South Ossetia]] recognize the independence of the Republic of Artsakh and have expressed support for it.<ref name="AbkTransOss">{{cite news|last=Shariy|first=Vitaly|date=29 September 2020|title=Карабахская "разморозка": реакция из Абхазии|language=ru|newspaper=Echo of the Caucasus|url=https://www.ekhokavkaza.com/a/30864802.html|url-status=live|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003063322/https://www.ekhokavkaza.com/a/30864802.html|archive-date=3 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=Глава МИД Приднестровья поддержал коллегу из Нагорного Карабаха|language=ru|newspaper=EADaily|url=https://eadaily.com/ru/news/2020/09/28/glava-mid-pridnestrovya-podderzhal-kollegu-iz-nagornogo-karabaha|url-status=live|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930232254/https://eadaily.com/ru/news/2020/09/28/glava-mid-pridnestrovya-podderzhal-kollegu-iz-nagornogo-karabaha|archive-date=30 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=The Pridnestrovian MFA's statement on the armed conflict escalation between Azerbaijan and the Republic of Artsakh|publisher=[[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Transnistria)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]|url=http://mfa-pmr.org/en/node/8166|url-status=live|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008062934/http://mfa-pmr.org/en/node/8166|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2 October 2020|title=Парламент Абхазии обеспокоен резким обострением конфликта в Нагорном Карабахе|language=ru|newspaper=NEWS.am|url=https://news.am/rus/news/605604.html|url-status=live|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008002233/https://news.am/rus/news/605604.html|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Южная Осетия призвала мировое сообщество остановить военный конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе|language=ru|newspaper=[[Kommersant]]|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4509726|url-status=live|access-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930002526/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4509726|archive-date=30 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=29 September 2020|title=Парламент Южной Осетии осудил "реваншистские действия" Баку против Арцаха|language=ru|newspaper=EADaily|url=https://eadaily.com/ru/news/2020/09/29/parlament-yuzhnoy-osetii-osudil-revanshistskie-deystviya-baku-protiv-arcaha|url-status=live|access-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008212004/https://eadaily.com/ru/news/2020/09/29/parlament-yuzhnoy-osetii-osudil-revanshistskie-deystviya-baku-protiv-arcaha|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref> The Russian-Armenian film director [[Sarik Andreasyan]] accused Ukraine by addressing the [[President of Ukraine]] [[Volodymyr Zelensky]] in supplying [[Azerbaijan]] with [[phosphorus bomb]]s. Zelensky answered his post in [[Instagram]] by denying any involvement in the conflict.<ref>Daryna Antoniuk. ''[https://www.kyivpost.com/ukraine-politics/russian-media-accuses-ukraine-of-selling-banned-weapon-to-azerbaijan-zelensky-denies.html Zelensky dismisses fake news about Ukraine selling chemical weapons to Azerbaijan]''. [[Kyiv Post]]. 3 November 2020</ref><ref>[https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/700838.html Ukraine does not support war, unlike another well-known country – Zelensky responses to Andreasyan's accusations]. [[Interfax-Ukraine]]. 3 November 2020</ref> ===Humanitarian organizations=== Human rights groups have objected to the use of heavy explosive weapons with wide-area effects in densely populated civilian areas and urged both sides to end the conflict and join the Convention on Cluster Munitions.<ref name="amnestyintl">{{cite web |title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: Use of artillery salvos and ballistic missiles in populated areas must stop immediately |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/10/armenia-azerbaijan-use-of-artillery-salvos-and-ballistic-missiles-in-populated-areas-must-stop-immediately/ |website=amnesty.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: Don't Attack Civilians |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/09/30/armenia/azerbaijan-dont-attack-civilians |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en |date=30 September 2020}}</ref> Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have criticized Azerbaijan<ref name=amnestyintl/><ref>{{cite web |title=Azerbaijan: Cluster Munitions Used in Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/10/23/azerbaijan-cluster-munitions-used-nagorno-karabakh |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en |date=23 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: Civilians must be protected from use of banned cluster bombs |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/10/armenia-azerbaijan-civilians-must-be-protected-from-use-of-banned-cluster-bombs/ |website=amnesty.org |language=en}}</ref> and Armenia<ref>{{cite web |title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: First confirmed use of cluster munitions by Armenia 'cruel and reckless' |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/10/armenia-azerbaijan-first-confirmed-use-of-cluster-munitions-by-armenia-cruel-and-reckless/ |website=amnesty.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name=nkrforces /> for the use of cluster munitions. === Proposed sanctions === On 10 November 2020, after the reached ceasefire agreement, French [[Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs|Foreign Minister]] [[Jean-Yves Le Drian]] stated that [[Turkey]] must accept the terms of the ceasefire concluded by the parties to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, otherwise the [[European Union]] may impose additional [[International sanctions|sanctions]] against the country.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/9966993|title=ЕС может ввести жесткие санкции против Турции при нарушении перемирия в Карабахе|date=2020-11-10|website=tass.ru|publisher=[[TASS]]|language=ru}}</ref> On 18 November 2020, the [[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|Dutch Parliament]] adopted a motion calling the government to impose individual sanctions against Azerbaijani President [[Ilham Aliyev]], his relatives, key figures of the Azerbaijani offensive and [[Syrian National Army|Syrian militants]] deployed by Turkey in Nagorno-Karabakh. The deputies approved another resolution, which says that the latest outbreak of violence in Nagorno-Karabakh was initiated by Azerbaijan with the support of Turkey.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thesaxon.org/netherlands-supported-sanctions-against-aliyev/7647/|title=Netherlands supported sanctions against Aliyev|date=2020-11-18|website=thesaxon.org|publisher=The Saxon}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.dutchnews.nl/news/2020/11/dutch-coalition-mps-call-for-eu-weapons-embargo-against-turkey/|title=Dutch coalition MPs call for EU weapons embargo against Turkey|date=2020-11-11|website=dutchnews.nl|publisher=Dutch News}}</ref> On 19 November 2020, the U.S. [[New Jersey]] Senator [[Bob Menendez]] demanded United States sanctions on Turkey and Azerbaijan for aggression against Armenia and Artsakh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxla.com/news/sen-bob-menendez-demands-u-s-sanctions-on-turkey-azerbaijan|title=Sen. Bob Menendez demands U.S. sanctions on Turkey, Azerbaijan|date=2020-11-19|website=foxla.com|publisher=[[KTTV]]}}</ref> === Minorities abroad === ==== Armenians ==== {{multiple image | align = right | direction = horizontal | image1 = Pro-Armenian Protest in the USA.jpg | width1 = 160 | image2 = Protesta pro-Armènia a Barcelona.jpg | width2 = 210 | footer = [[Armenian diaspora]] held numerous protests globally in support of Armenia and Artsakh (pictured in [[Los Angeles]] (''left'') and [[Barcelona]] (''right'')). }} Ethnic Armenian populations around the world have lobbied for peace negotiations.<ref name=":16" /> On 1 October, the South Ossetian Armenian community condemned Azerbaijan and Turkey, urging recognition of Artsakh's independence.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://cominf.org/en/node/1166532516|title=The Armenian community in South Ossetia calls on the world community to condemn the actions of Azerbaijan against the Republic of Artsakh|publisher=State Information and Press Committee of South Ossetia|date=1 October 2020|access-date=4 October 2020|archive-date=7 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007230233/http://cominf.org/en/node/1166532516|url-status=live}}</ref> The next day, [[Armenians in Samtskhe–Javakheti]], in Georgia, expressed concern and their intention to send aid.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://jam-news.net/georgia-javakheti-saakashvili-armenia-azerbaijan-karabakh-war/|title=How the escalation in Karabakh has affected Armenians living in Georgia|last=Ayvazyan|first=Aghunik|newspaper=JAMnews|date=2 October 2020|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008205259/https://jam-news.net/georgia-javakheti-saakashvili-armenia-azerbaijan-karabakh-war/|url-status=live}}</ref> Subsequently, Georgia closed its [[Armenia–Georgia border|border with Armenia]], indicating frustration within Georgia's Armenian minority.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lomsadze|first1=Giorgi|date=6 October 2020|title=Armenia and Azerbaijan to Georgian mediation: Thanks, but no thanks|work=Eurasianet|url=https://eurasianet.org/armenia-and-azerbaijan-to-georgian-mediation-thanks-but-no-thanks|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=7 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007004340/https://eurasianet.org/armenia-and-azerbaijan-to-georgian-mediation-thanks-but-no-thanks|url-status=live}}</ref> Croatia's Armenian diaspora's leader asked for support against what she described as a genocide against the Armenians.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 October 2020 |title=Armenci u Hrvatskoj: 'Ne tražimo pomoć, nego samo podršku da se ne dogodi genocid' |url=https://www.sibenik.in/svijet/armenci-u-hrvatskoj-ne-trazimo-pomoc-nego-samo-podrsku-da-se-ne-dogodi-genocid/128100.html# |work=Šibenik.hr |location=Šibenik |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008201433/https://www.sibenik.in/svijet/armenci-u-hrvatskoj-ne-trazimo-pomoc-nego-samo-podrsku-da-se-ne-dogodi-genocid/128100.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On 5 October, [[Armenian Americans]] protested outside the [[Los Angeles]] (LA) [[CNN]] building, calling for more accurate coverage.<ref>{{cite news|date=5 October 2020|title=Armenian protesters in L.A. decry 'false equivalence' in media coverage of conflict|work=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-10-05/armenian-protesters-in-l-a-decry-violence-in-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=2020-10-10|archive-date=2020-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009055040/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-10-05/armenian-protesters-in-l-a-decry-violence-in-nagorno-karabakh|url-status=live}}</ref> On 11 October, the LA community held a 100,000-person strong protest march to the Turkish Consulate, in tandem with smaller protests in [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]], [[San Francisco]], [[New York City]], [[Boston]] and elsewhere in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-12|title=Tens of thousands protest outside L.A.'s Turkish Consulate in solidarity with Armenia|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-10-11/armenian-protest-turkish-consulate|access-date=2020-10-13|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Sennott|first1=Adam|last2=Lotan|first2=Gal Tziperman|date=11 October 2020|title='America has to do something': Local Armenian Americans protest Azerbaijan conflict |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/10/11/metro/local-armenian-americans-protest-turkish-conflict/|access-date=2020-10-13|work=The Boston Globe|language=en-US}}</ref> LA's mayor expressed support for Armenia and the city's Armenian community by lighting up [[Los Angeles City Hall|City Hall]] with the [[Armenian flag]]'s colours.<ref>{{cite web| title =We stand with the people of Armenia – Los Angeles Mayor| work =[[Public Radio of Armenia]]| date =October 5, 2020 | url =https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/05/we-stand-with-the-people-of-armenia-los-angeles-mayor/| access-date =October 15, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title =LA city hall building is illuminated with colors of Armenian flag| work =News.am| date = October 15, 2020| url =https://news.am/eng/news/607963.html| access-date =October 15, 2020}}</ref> A protest was held in [[Orange County, California|Orange Country]] during President Trump's pre-election rally calling on him to sanction Turkey and Azerbaijan; Trump praised them by saying, "the people from Armenia have great spirit for their country".<ref>{{cite web|title=Rally held in OC, Armenian community calling on President Trump to sanction Turkey, Azerbaijan|url=https://www.foxla.com/news/rally-held-in-oc-armenian-community-calling-on-president-trump-to-sanction-turkey-azerbaijan|work=[[KTTV]]|date=19 October 2020|access-date=19 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Trump: Armenians have a great spirit for their country|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1032038|work=Armenpress|date=19 October 2020|access-date=19 October 2020}}</ref> Protests have occurred all over Europe demanding recognition of Artsakh's independence, with the largest rallies held in [[Paris]], France and in front the [[Justus Lipsius building|Council of the European Union]] in [[Brussels]], Belgium.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Այլևս երբեք-ի ի՞նչն է անհասկանալի. Սփյուռքը պահանջում է զսպել թուրք-ադրբեջանական ագրեսիան, պատերազմը լուսաբանել օբյեկտիվ|url=http://armtimes.com/hy/article/198456|access-date=2020-10-13|website=Armtimes.com|language=hy |trans-title=Diaspora demands to curb Turkish-Azerbaijani aggression, to cover war objectively}}</ref> A major rally was held in [[Aleppo]], Syria by Armenians and Syrians condemning Azerbaijan and Turkey.<ref>{{cite web|title=Thousands of Armenians and Arabs protest in Syria, condemn Azerbaijani-Turkish aggression|url=https://news.am/eng/news/609908.html|work=News.am|date=26 October 2020|access-date=27 October 2020}}</ref> Armenian communities have also protested globally, notably in Argentina,<ref name=":19">{{cite web|title=Armenians in Argentina decry Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/2000291/armenians-in-argentina-decry-nagorno-karabakh-conflict|work=Bangkog Post|date=11 October 2020|access-date=18 October 2020}}</ref> Australia,<ref>{{cite web|date=18 October 2020|title=Սիդնեյում հայ համայնքի ներկայացուցիչները փակել են կամուրջը՝ ի նշան Ադրբեջանի ագրեսիայի դեմ բողոքի|url=https://news.am/arm/news/608526.html|access-date=18 October 2020|work=Nees.am}}</ref> Canada,<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian Montrealers protest in front of Montreal City Hall|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/7400443/armenian-montrealers-protest-montreal-city-hall/|work=Global News|date=15 October 2020|access-date=18 October 2020}}</ref> and Uruguay.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ուրուգվայի հայ համայնքի հարյուրավոր ներկայացուցիչներ բողոքի ակցիայի են դուրս եկել|url=https://www.shantnews.am/news/view/778494.html|work=Shant News|date=8 October 2020|access-date=18 October 2020}}</ref> In October 2020, an organized email campaign by the Armenians resulted in hundreds of emails being sent to [[SpaceX]] and the media requesting that SpaceX cancel their upcoming satellite launch for Turkey. SpaceX did not respond.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Coldeway |first1=Devin |title=Armenian email campaign asks SpaceX not to aid Turkish regime with satellite launch |url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/10/27/armenian-email-campaign-asks-spacex-not-to-aid-turkish-regime-with-satellite-launch/ |website=techcrunch.com |access-date=October 29, 2020 |date=October 27, 2020}}</ref> On October 29, 2020, several hundred Armenians gathered outside SpaceX headquarters in Los Angeles to protest the launch of the Turkish satellite and to persuade SpaceX from doing so. Protesters believe the satellite could be used for military purposes. SpaceX has still not responded and representatives refused to speak to the news.<ref>{{cite web|date=October 30, 2020|title=Armenian community protests at SpaceX HQ in Hawthorne over Turkish satellite launch|url=https://abc7.com/armenian-protest-turkey-spacex-turksat/7468290/|access-date=October 30, 2020|publisher=ABC 7}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Habeshian|first1=Sareen|date=29 October 2020|title=Armenian Americans protest outside SpaceX headquarters in Hawthorne, call on Elon Musk to nix satellite launch for Turkish government|url=https://ktla.com/news/armenian-americans-protest-outside-spacex-headquarters-in-hawthorne-call-on-elon-musk-to-nix-satellite-launch-for-turkish-government/|access-date=30 October 2020|publisher=KTLA}}</ref> On September 27, a nationwide fundraising campaign was launched by [[Armenia Fund]] under the motto "We and Our Borders: All for Artsakh"; getting more than $170&nbsp;million donations.<ref>{{cite web|title=''Hayastan'' All-Armenian Fund initiates fund-raising for Artsakh|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029057/|work=Armenpress|date=27 September 2020|access-date=27 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="donatione" /> On October 28, an online musical event featuring Armenian and foreign artists was held to raise awareness and funds for Artsakh.<ref>{{cite web|title=Iconic musicians unite for Concert for Artsakh|url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/10/22/2112977/0/en/Iconic-musicians-unite-for-Concert-for-Artsakh|work=[[GlobeNewswire]]|date=22 October 2020|access-date=27 October 2020}}</ref> After the end of hostilities, $100 million of the donations were redirected to the government. It was met with criticism by president Sarkissian and some of the donatores, who demanded refund.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Arshakyan |first1=Tevos |title=Призрак гражданской войны в Армении и паралич власти {{!}} ArmenianReport |url=https://armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/267680/ |website=armenianreport.com |access-date=12 December 2020 |language=ru |date=12 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="donatione">{{cite web|url=https://mirrorspectator.com/2020/12/10/armenian-president-wants-government-to-return-100-million-donation/|title=Armenian President Wants Government to Return $100 Million Donation|work=[[The Armenian Mirror-Spectator]]|date=10 December 2020|access-date=12 December 2020}}</ref> On 4 November, around 8:30&nbsp;p.m. local time, reportedly a group of six to eight Armenian men between 20 and 30 years old walked into a Turkish restaurant on [[Beverly Drive|South Beverly Drive]], saying that they came to "kill the Turks",<ref name="istanbulcafeattack" /> began destroying property inside the establishment and physically attacking the employees both inside and in an alley outside.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Christina |last=Gonzalez |url=https://www.foxla.com/news/beverly-hills-police-investigating-hate-crime-against-turkish-restaurant |title=Beverly Hills police investigating hate crime against Turkish restaurant |date=6 November 2020 |access-date=6 November 2020 |language=en |work=[[KTTV|Fox 11 Los Angeles]] }}</ref> The victims sustained minor injuries and refused medical treatment at the scene.<ref name="istanbulcafeattack">{{Cite web |url=https://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2020/11/05/beverly-hills-hate-crime-restaurant-pro-armenia/ |title=Police Investigating Hate Crime At Beverly Hills Restaurant That Left Employees With Minor Injuries |date=5 November 2020 |access-date=6 November 2020 |language=en |work=[[KCBS-TV|CBS Los Angeles]] }}</ref> [[Beverly Hills Police Department]] began investigating the incident as a [[hate crime]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.foxla.com/video/868057 |title=Hate crime being investigated at Beverly Hills Turkish restaurant |date=6 November 2020 |access-date=6 November 2020 |language=en |work=[[KTTV|Fox 11 Los Angeles]] }}</ref> Beverly Hills Mayor called it an "unacceptable act of hate and violence", adding that there was "no place for this behavior.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Michael |last=Wittner |url=https://patch.com/california/beverlyhills/beverly-hills-cops-investigate-armenia-related-hate-crime |title=Beverly Hills Investigating Attack At Turkish Restaurant |date=5 November 2020 |access-date=6 November 2020 |language=en |work=[[Patch (website)|Patch]] }}</ref> [[Embassy of Turkey, Washington, D.C.|Turkey's ambassador to US]], strongly condemned the attack, calling [[Mayor of Los Angeles|Los Angeles Mayor]] to do the same, and urging federal and local authorities to protect [[Turkish Americans]] there.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.yenisafak.com/en/news/turkish-envoy-slams-us-senator-over-remarks-3552487 |title=Turkish envoy slams US senator over remarks |date=6 November 2020 |access-date=6 November 2020 |language=en |work=[[Yeni Şafak]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first1=Servet |last1=Gunerigok |first2=Ovunc |last2=Kutlu |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/turkeys-us-envoy-condemns-attack-on-turkish-restaurant/2033941 |title=Turkey's US envoy condemns attack on Turkish restaurant |date=6 November 2020 |access-date=6 November 2020 |language=en |agency=[[Anadolu Agency]] }}</ref> On the night of 7 November, two unknown individuals fired upon the building of the Honorary Consulate of Azerbaijan in [[Kharkiv]], [[Ukraine]]. No one was injured in the incident. Kharkiv police launched a criminal case on the same day.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Tapdig |last=Farhadoglu |url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/az%C9%99rbaycan%C4%B1n-xarkovdak%C4%B1-konsullu%C4%9Fu-at%C9%99%C5%9F%C9%99-tutulub-/5651779.html |title=Azərbaycanın Xarkovdakı konsulluğu atəşə tutulub |work=Amerikanın Səsi |publisher=[[Voice of America]] |date=7 November 2020 |access-date=6 December 2020 |language=az }}</ref> The Azerbaijani MoFA condemned the incident and accused the "radical Armenian forces" of being its perpetrators.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Rashad |last=Vagifoglu |url=https://report.az/en/foreign-politics/mfa-condemns-attack-on-azerbaijani-consulate-in-kharkiv/ |title=MFA condemns attack on Azerbaijani consulate in Kharkiv |work=[[Report Information Agency]] |date=7 November 2020 |access-date=6 December 2020 |language=en }}</ref> ==== Azerbaijanis and Turks ==== [[File:Azerbaijanis and Turks organize a demonstration of support for Azerbaijan in Nagorno-Karabakh conflicts, Beyazıt Square, Istanbul.jpg|thumb|right|[[Turkish people|Turks]] and [[Azerbaijanis in Turkey|Azerbaijanis]] demonstrating in support of Azerbaijan in [[Turkey]].]] On 1 October, [[Ali Khamenei]]'s representatives in [[Iranian Azerbaijan|four provinces]] ([[Ardabil Province|Ardabil]], [[East Azerbaijan Province|East Azerbaijan]], [[West Azerbaijan Province|West Azerbaijan]] and [[Zanjan Province|Zanjan]]) stated that Nagorno-Karabakh belonged to Azerbaijan, that there was a need to return the territory, and that Azerbaijan's government had acted in accordance with the law.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran-54342771|title=نمایندگان آیت‌الله خامنه‌ای در چهار استان: قره‌باغ متعلق به جمهوری آذربایجان است|date=1 October 2020|work=[[BBC News]]|language=fa|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004074442/https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran-54342771|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="spokesman">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran-54433131|title=دولت ایران: ارمنستان باید 'مناطق اشغالی' جمهوری آذربایجان را تخلیه کند|date=6 October 2020|work=[[BBC News]]|language=fa|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010113903/https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran-54433131|url-status=live}}</ref> The next day, several protests erupted in Iranian cities, including the capital [[Tehran]] and [[Tabriz]], in support of Azerbaijan. [[Iranian Azerbaijani]] demonstrators chanted pro-Azerbaijan slogans.<ref>{{cite news |title=Iran fears spillover from Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.dw.com/en/iran-fears-spillover-from-nagorno-karabakh/a-55250556 |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=12 October 2020}}</ref> The local security forces intervened, detaining at least 38 people.<ref>{{cite web|date=2 October 2020|title=Protests Erupt In Iran Backing Azerbaijan In Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/protests-erupt-in-iran-backing-azerbaijan-in-nagorno-karabakh-conflict/30870217.html|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009193448/https://www.rferl.org/a/protests-erupt-in-iran-backing-azerbaijan-in-nagorno-karabakh-conflict/30870217.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The same day, around 50 Azerbaijani representatives from the 5,000-strong community in Moldova expressed their support for Azerbaijan in the capital [[Chișinău]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://azertag.az/es/xeber/1601971|title=Los azerbaiyanos de Moldova expresaron su apoyo al ejército azerbaiyano|newspaper=Azerbaijan State News Agency|date=2 October 2020|access-date=4 October 2020|language=es|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008080314/https://azertag.az/es/xeber/1601971|url-status=live}}</ref> On 3 October, [[Azerbaijanis in Georgia]] indicated a readiness to fight for Azerbaijan and the desire that Azerbaijan retake Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref>{{cite news|last=Amirjanova|first=Shalala|date=2 October 2020|title=Azerbaijanis in Georgia ready to fight for Azerbaijan – report from Marneuli|newspaper=JAMnews|url=https://jam-news.net/georgia-azerbaijanis-conflict-in-karabakh/|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008152558/https://jam-news.net/georgia-azerbaijanis-conflict-in-karabakh/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 16 October, [[Azerbaijanis in the United Kingdom|Azerbaijanis]], Iranian Azerbaijanis, and [[Turks in the United Kingdom|Turks]] living in the United Kingdom gathered in front of [[Amnesty International]]'s [[London]] headquarters and held a protest rally, condemning the shelling of residential areas and civilians in Ganja, Mingachevir, Tartar, and other regions.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Azerbaijanis-living-in-Britain-hold-protest-rally-in-front-of-Amnesty-International-building-colorredPHOTOcolor-333101 |title=Azerbaijanis living in Britain hold protest rally in front of Amnesty International building – PHOTO |date=11 October 2020 |access-date=18 October 2020 |website=APA.az |language=en }}</ref> The next day, [[Azerbaijani Americans]] held a rally in [[Chicago]], condemning the [[2020 Ganja ballistic missile attacks|attacks on Ganja]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/social-news/Rally-condemning-Ganja-terror-held-in-Illinois-state-of-US-333186 |title=Rally condemning Ganja terror held in Illinois state of US |date=17 October 2020 |access-date=18 October 2020 |website=APA.az |language=en }}</ref> The following day, [[Azerbaijanis in the United Kingdom|British Azerbaijanis]] commemorated those killed during the attacks in front of the [[Embassy of Azerbaijan, London|Azerbaijani embassy in London]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/europe/People-who-were-killed-in-Ganja-commemorated-in-front-of-Azerbaijani-Embassy-in-Great-Britain-333252 |title=People, who were killed in Ganja, commemorated in front of Azerbaijani Embassy in Great Britain |date=18 October 2020 |access-date=18 October 2020 |website=APA.az |language=en }}</ref> while [[Azerbaijanis in Georgia|Georgian Azerbaijanis]] held a rally in front the [[Georgian Parliament Building (Tbilisi)|Parliament Building]] in [[Tbilisi]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/foreign-news/Campaign-in-support-to-Azerbaijan-held-in-front-of-parliament-building-in-Tbilisi-colorredPHOTOSESSIONcolor-333268 |title=Campaign in support to Azerbaijan held in front of parliament building in Tbilisi – PHOTOSESSION |date=18 October 2020 |access-date=18 October 2020 |website=APA.az |language=en }}</ref> On the same day, [[Azerbaijanis in Russia|Russian Azerbaijanis]] dedicated part of the entrance door of [[Embassy of Azerbaijan in Moscow|Azerbaijan's embassy to Russia]] in [[Moscow]] to the memory of the victims of the 17 October attack.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/foreign-news/Victims-of-act-of-terrorism-committed-by-Armenia-in-Azerbaijans-Ganja-city-were-commemorated-in-Moscow-333276 |title=Victims of act of terrorism committed by Armenia in Azerbaijan's Ganja city were commemorated in Moscow |date=18 October 2020 |access-date=18 October 2020 |website=APA.az |language=en }}</ref> Protests erupted in Tabriz, with many Iranian Azerbaijanis chanting pro-Azerbaijani slogans and protesting Iran's alleged arms support to Armenia via the [[Nurduz|Nordooz]] border crossing.<ref>{{cite news |title=Iran on edge as Azeri minority backs Karabakh war |url=https://asiatimes.com/2020/10/iran-on-edge-as-azeri-minority-backs-karabakh-war/ |work=[[Asia Times]] |date=8 October 2020}}</ref> Iranian security forces intervened, detaining over 200 people.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/tebrizde-qarabaga-destek-mitinqi/5626266.html |title=Təbrizdə keçirilən aksiyada İran-Ermənistan sərhəd məntəqəsinin qapadılması tələb edilib |publisher=[[Voice of America]] |date=18 October 2020 |access-date=19 October 2020 |language=az }}</ref> On 23 October, American Azerbaijanis gathered in a pro-Trump rally and voiced their support for Azerbaijan,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/karabakh/3322267.html |title=The slogan "Karabakh is Azerbaijan" was raised at the rally of the US President |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] |date=23 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref> while in [[San Francisco]] and [[Minnesota]], Azerbaijanis rallied and condemned Armenia for "the ballistic missile attacks" on cities.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/society/3323334.html |title=US Azerbaijanis hold protest in San Francisco against Armenian terror (PHOTOS) |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] |date=25 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3324164.html |title=Azerbaijani compatriots living in Minnesota hold protest rally (PHOTO) |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] |date=26 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3324163.html |title=Azerbaijanis hold rally in California, condemning Armenian terror (PHOTO) |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] |date=26 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref> On 26 October, Azerbaijanis organized rallies in [[Bielefeld]], [[Germany]], and [[Copenhagen]], [[Denmark]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3324148.html |title=Protest rally against Armenian attack on Ganja held in Bielefeld, Germany (PHOTO) |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] |date=26 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3324157.html |title=Azerbaijanis in Denmark hold protest rally against Armenian terror (PHOTO) |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] |date=26 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref> Amid tensions among protesters over Nagorno-Karabakh, dozens of Turks and Azerbaijanis marched through the streets of [[Lyon]], France in the evening of 28 October 2020 and reportedly chanted pro-Erdogan slogans while threatening Armenians.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=2020-10-29|title=Video shows Turkish and Azeri nationals 'looking for Armenians' in France|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/turks-azeris-lyon-france-armenians-vienne-video-b1422175.html|access-date=2020-11-02|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-28|title="Where are the Armenians?!" : punitive expedition of dozens of Turks in the streets of Décines|url=https://www.lyonmag.com/article/111100/8220-vous-etes-ou-les-armeniens-8221-expedition-punitive-de-dizaines-de-turcs-dans-les-rues-de-decines|access-date=2020-11-02|website=Lyonmag.com|language=fr-FR}}</ref> It followed clashes between members of France's Turkish and Armenian communities on a motorway connecting Lyon and Marseille on Wednesday morning. A demonstration of support for Armenia led to the blocking of the A7 motorway. Four people were reportedly wounded after violence broke out, including a 23-year-old Armenian who was hospitalized after receiving a hammer blow.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=After clashes between Armenians and Turks on the A7, clashes spread to Vienna and the suburbs of Lyon {{!}} En24 World|url=https://www.en24news.com/2020/10/after-clashes-between-armenians-and-turks-on-the-a7-clashes-spread-to-vienna-and-the-suburbs-of-lyon.html|access-date=2020-11-02|language=en-US}}</ref> A few days later, the [[Lyon Armenian Genocide Memorial]] was vandalized with pro-Turkey graffiti and insults, reportedly by the [[Grey Wolves (organization)|Grey Wolves]], a Turkish ultranationalistic group.<ref>{{cite web|date=1 November 2020|title=Lyon: le mémorial du génocide arménien profané par des tags pro-Turquie|url=https://www.nouvelobs.com/societe/20201101.OBS35493/lyon-le-memorial-du-genocide-armenien-profane-par-des-tags-pro-turquie.html|access-date=2 November 2020|work=[[L'Obs]]}}</ref> Following the memorial's vandalisation, France banned the Grey Wolves and enhanced security near Armenian schools and churches in Lyon.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/france-bans-turkish-ultra-nationalist-grey-wolves-group/a-55503469|title=France bans Turkish ultra-nationalist Grey Wolves group|work=[[Deutsche Welle]]|date=4 November 2020|access-date=5 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lyoncapitale.fr/actualite/rhone-presence-militaire-renforcee-pres-des-etablissements-scolaires-et-lieux-de-culte-armeniens/|title=Rhône&nbsp;: sécurité renforcée près des établissements scolaires et lieux de culte arméniens|work=Lyon Capitale|date=5 November 2020|access-date=5 November 2020}}</ref> === Sports === Due to the conflict, [[UEFA]] announced that the [[2020–21 UEFA Nations League C]] home matches of Armenia and Azerbaijan would no longer be hosted in the countries; instead [[Armenia national football team|Armenia]] will play their designated "home" game in [[Tychy]], Poland; while [[Azerbaijan national football team|Azerbaijan]] will play in [[Elbasan]], Albania.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/sports/international-soccer-games-moved-from-armenia-azerbaijan-1.5134331 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-10-10 |archive-date=2020-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010113903/https://www.ctvnews.ca/sports/international-soccer-games-moved-from-armenia-azerbaijan-1.5134331 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 31 October 2020, the [[Football Federation of Armenia|Armenian Football Federation]] called on [[FIFA]] and UEFA for sanctions against Azerbaijani club [[Qarabağ FK]], after its PR and media manager Nurlan Ibrahimov made a [[Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan|hate speech]] on social network calling to "kill all the Armenians, old and young, without distinction".<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian Football Federation Complains About Qarabag 'Hate' Post|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/armenian-football-federation-complains-about-qarabag-hate-post-01604170205|work=[[Barron's (newspaper)|Barron's]]|date=31 October 2020|access-date=1 November 2020}}</ref> The next day, he was punished in an administrative manner for the calls he made expressing cruelty against another nation and inciting national, racial or religious hatred while behaving emotionally on social network.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/accidents-incidents-news/Person-making-harmful-calls-on-social-networks-was-punished-in-administrative-manner-334490 |title=Person making harmful calls on social networks was punished in administrative manner |agency=[[Azeri Press Agency]] |date=1 November 2020 |access-date=1 November 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.is/6oQFW |archive-date=1 November 2020 }}</ref> UEFA announced that it has life banned the Qarabağ official for the "racist and other discriminatory conduct” targeting Armenians and fined Qarabağ €100,000.<ref>{{cite web|title=UEFA To Investigate Qarabag 'Hate' Post Targeting Armenians|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/uefa-to-investigate-qarabag-hate-post-targeting-armenians-01604337304|work=Barron's|date=2 November 2020|access-date=3 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1758476/sport|title=UEFA ban Qarabag official for Armenia comments|work=Arab News|date=4 November 2020|access-date=5 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/soccer/uefa-gives-soccer-official-life-ban-for-racist-behavior/2020/11/26/1f68f1f4-2ff7-11eb-9dd6-2d0179981719_story.html|title=UEFA gives soccer official life ban for racist behavior|work=[[The Washington Post]]|date=26 November 2020|access-date=26 November 2020}}</ref> Shortly after the UEFA sanction, Ibrahimov was declared wanted in Armenia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/11/27/armenia-puts-qarabag-fk-press-officer-nurlan-ibrahimov-on-wanted-list/|title=Armenia declares Qarabag FK press officer Nurlan Ibrahimov wanted|work=Public Radio of Armenia|date=27 November 2020|access-date=28 November 2020}}</ref> === Celebrities === Celebrities have commented on the conflict, with some amending their initial positions, including [[Cardi B]] and [[Elton John]] who subsequently claimed that they were not taking any sides.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ghazanchyan|first1=Siranush|date=October 5, 2020|title=Elton John calls attention to Azerbaijani-Turkish aggression against Artsakh|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/05/elton-john-calls-attention-to-azerbaijani-turkish-aggression-against-artsakh/|access-date=October 15, 2020|website=Public Radio of Armenia|publisher=Public Radio of Armenia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=ZORNOSA|first1=LAURA|date=October 7, 2020|title=Cardi B apologizes for misstep and asks for peace in Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/music/story/2020-10-07/cardi-b-armenia-fundraiser-twitter-apology|access-date=October 15, 2020|website=Los Angeles Times|publisher=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Those in favor of Armenia include [[Mel Gibson]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Mel Gibson expresses solidarity with Armenians amid Azerbaijan's aggression against Nagorno-Karabakh (Artsakh) |url=https://gagrule.net/mel-gibson-expresses-solidarity-with-armenians-amid-azerbaijans-aggression-against-nagorno-karabakh-artsak |website=gagrule.net |access-date=October 29, 2020 |date=October 27, 2020}}</ref> [[Ronda Rousey]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Former UFC champ Ronda Rousey shows solidarity with Armenia over conflict with Azerbaijan|url=https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2020/10/6/21504324/former-ufc-champ-ronda-rousey-solidarity-armenia-conflict-azerbaijan-news|access-date=October 14, 2020}}</ref> [[Henrikh Mkhitaryan]],<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ghazanchyan|first1=Siranush|date=October 3, 2020|title=Henrikh Mkhitaryan: Stop aggression against Armenians and global peace|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/03/henrikh-mkhitaryan-stop-aggression-against-armenians-and-global-peace/|access-date=October 15, 2020|publisher=Public Radio of Armenia}}</ref> [[Peter Gabriel]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Peter Gabriel's Comments on Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict |url=https://en.168.am/2020/10/07/39778.html |website=168.am |publisher=168.am |access-date=October 15, 2020 |date=October 7, 2020}}</ref> [[Sean Penn]],<ref>{{cite web |title='Armenians are being slaughtered by Trump pal Erdogan' – US actor Sean Penn |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1032634.html |publisher=Armen Press |access-date=October 27, 2020 |date=October 24, 2020}}</ref> [[Michael B. Jordan]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Hollywood star Michael B Jordan expresses support to Armenia|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1030977/|access-date=October 14, 2020}}</ref> [[Kylie Jenner]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1031331.html|title=Kylie Jenner expresses support to Armenia and Artsakh|date=12 October 2020|access-date=7 December 2020}}</ref> [[Tinashe]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Tinashe Twitter|url=https://mobile.twitter.com/Tinashe/status/1313991236550787077|access-date=October 16, 2020}}</ref> [[Cher]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Zonrnosa |first1=Laura |title=Why these Armenian American celebs are speaking out about a chronic conflict |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/story/2020-10-08/kardashians-armenian-american-celebs-talk-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict-online |website=Los Angeles Times |publisher=Los Angeles Times |access-date=October 15, 2020 |date=October 8, 2020}}</ref> [[Bill Belichick]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Bill Belichick says Trump administration should 'take action against' Turkey and Azerbaijan in conflict|url=https://www.boston.com/sports/new-england-patriots/2020/11/18/bill-belichick-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict|work=[[Boston.com]]|date=18 November 2020|access-date=7 December 2020}}</ref> [[Cam Newton]], [[Tristan Thompson]], [[Big Sean]], [[Ne-Yo]], among others.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://style.news.am/eng/news/74597/ne-yo-big-sean-tristan-thompson-and-other-celebrities-stand-with-armenia-and-artsakh.html|title=Ne-Yo, Big Sean, Tristan Thompson and other celebrities stand with Armenia and Artsakh|work=News.am|date=20 October 2020|access-date=7 December 2020}}</ref> [[Kim Kardashian]] and other Kardashians have posted video messages in support of Armenia; donating $1&nbsp;million to the [[Armenia Fund]].<ref name="kimk">{{cite web|last1=Shafer|first1=Ellise|date=October 11, 2020|title=Kim Kardashian West Donates $1 Million to Armenia Fund Amid Ongoing Conflict With Azerbaijan|url=https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/kim-kardashian-west-armenia-donation-azerbaijan-1234800606/|access-date=October 14, 2020|website=Variety|publisher=Variety}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kim Kardashian West donates $1 million to Armenia Fund |url=https://www.msn.com/en-gb/entertainment/celebrity/kim-kardashian-west-donates-dollar1-million-to-armenia-fund/ar-BB19WD9j |website=MSN |publisher=MSN |access-date=October 14, 2020 |date=October 12, 2020}}</ref> Rapper [[Kanye West]] posted a tweet stated he would pray for Armenia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kanye West: Praying for Armenia|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/09/29/kanye-west-praying-for-armenia/|access-date=October 14, 2020}}</ref> Armenian-American rock band [[System of a Down]] released their first material in 15 years since 2005 album ''[[Hypnotize (album)|Hypnotize]]'', "[[Protect the Land]]" and "[[Genocidal Humanoidz]]" in response to the crisis. They used the singles as a fundraiser for the [[Armenia Fund]], with the intention to raise awareness of the war.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/system-of-a-down-new-songs-protect-the-land-genocidal-humanoidz-1085942/|title=Hear System of a Down's First New Music in 15 Years, 'Protect the Land' and 'Genocidal Humanoidz'|publisher=[[Rolling Stone]]|last=Grow|first=Kory|date=6 November 2020|access-date=6 November 2020}}</ref> [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] footballer [[Mesut Özil]] and singer [[Sami Yusuf]] tweeted in support of Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20201014-arsenals-ozil-favors-azerbaijan-in-karabakh-dispute/|title=Arsenal's Ozil favours Azerbaijan in Karabakh dispute|access-date=October 14, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sami Yusuf expresses support to Azerbaijan|url=https://azertag.az/en/xeber/Sami_Yusuf_expresses_support_to_Azerbaijan-1599263|access-date=October 14, 2020}}</ref> Former [[Barcelona FC|Barcelona]] player [[Ronaldinho]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/karabakh/3326115.html |title=Ronaldinho films video message in support of Azerbaijan |date=29 October 2020 |access-date=29 October 2020 |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] |language=en }}</ref> and American actor [[Chuck Norris]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Chuck-Norris-congratulates-Azerbaijan-on-liberation-of-Karabakh-VIDEO.html |title=Chuck Norris congratulates Azerbaijan on liberation of Karabakh (VIDEO) |date=2 December 2020 |access-date=9 December 2020 |work=Vestnik Kavkaza |archive-url=https://archive.is/KedlT |archive-date=9 December 2020 |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://menafn.com/1101219476/Chuck-Norris-congratulates-Azerbaijan-on-liberation-of-its-territories-VIDEO |title=Chuck Norris congratulates Azerbaijan on liberation of its territories [VIDEO] |date=2 December 2020 |access-date=9 December 2020 |work=[[Mena Report|MENAFN]] |archive-url=https://archive.is/LgSmA |archive-date=9 December 2020 |language=en }}</ref> both released a video message in support of Azerbaijan. Several Turkish celebrities, including [[Sinan Akçıl]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sabah.com.tr/magazin/2020/10/22/sinan-akcil-azeri-sarkici-saide-guliyeva-ile-duet-yapti|title=Sinan Akçıl, Azeri şarkıcı Saide Guliyeva ile düet yaptı|access-date=2020-10-28}}</ref> [[Hadise]], [[Bergüzar Korel]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.habererk.com/magazin/hadise-ve-berguzar-korel-den-azerbaycan-a-destek-h135771.html|title=Hadise ve Bergüzar Korel'den Azerbaycan'a destek|access-date=2020-10-28}}</ref> [[Acun Ilıcalı]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gunboyugazetesi.com.tr/unlu-televizyoncu-acun-ilicalidan-azerbaycan-mesaji-65432h.htm|title=Ünlü televizyoncu Acun Ilıcalı'dan Azerbaycan mesajı|access-date=2020-10-28}}</ref> [[Kenan İmirzalıoğlu]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.takvim.com.tr/galeri/yasam/kim-milyoner-olmak-isterde-kenan-imirzalioglundan-gardas-azerbaycana-selam-kardeslerimize-selam-ve-sevgilerimizle|title=Kim Milyoner Olmak İster'de Kenan İmirzalıoğlu'ndan gardaş Azerbaycan'a selam: "Kardeşlerimize selam ve sevgilerimizle"|access-date=2020-10-28}}</ref> [[Tarkan (singer)|Tarkan]], [[Cem Yılmaz]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ahaber.com.tr/magazin/2020/10/19/tarkan-ve-cem-yilmazdan-ermenistanin-katliamlarina-23-gun-sonra-tepki|title=Tarkan ve Cem Yılmaz'dan Ermenistan'ın katliamlarına 23 gün sonra tepki!.|access-date=2020-11-01}}</ref> also shared their condolences and support to Azerbaijan. === Recognition of Artsakh === {{Further|Political status of Nagorno-Karabakh}} [[File:French Senate adopts resolution calling for recognition of the Republic of Artsakh.png|thumb|[[Senate (France)|French Senate]] adopts resolution calling for recognition of the [[Republic of Artsakh]]. 25 November 2020]] Due to the ongoing hostilities, the urgent motion on recognizing the independence of the Republic of Artsakh has been passed in different cities and towns.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/16/city-of-milan-urges-italian-authorities-to-recognize-the-republic-of-artsakh/ |title=City of Milan urges Italian authorities to recognize the Republic of Artsakh |date=2020-10-16 |website=www.armradio.am |publisher=[[Public Radio of Armenia]] |access-date=2020-10-16 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aquibergueda.cat/2020/11/05/lajuntament-de-berga-condemna-lagressio-militar-dazerbaidjan-a-la-republica-dartsakh-i-la-col·laboracio-de-turquia/#disqus_thread|title=L'Ajuntament de Berga condemna l'agressió militar de l'Azerbaidjan a la República d'Artsakh i la col·laboració de Turquia|date=2020-11-05|website=aquibergueda.cat|publisher=Aqui Bergueda}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.glendaleca.gov/Home/ShowDocument?id=59441|title=RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF GLENDALE, STATE OF CALIFORNIA, RECOGNIZING THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARTSAKH|date=2020-10-27|website=glendaleca.gov|publisher=Government of Glendale}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-30|title=Il Comune di Asolo fa un piccolo grande passo verso il riconoscimento della Repubblica armena di Artsakh|url=https://www.qdpnews.it/asolo/41959-asolo-prima-nel-fare-un-piccolo-grande-passo-verso-il-riconoscimento-della-repubblica-armena-del-artsakh|access-date=2020-11-04|website=QDP il Quotidiano del Piave, notizie dell'Alta Marca Trevigiana.|language=it-it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ALBO PRETORIO DIGITALE – Comune di Cerchiara di Calabria|url=https://www.servizipubblicaamministrazione.it/servizi/saturnweb/Dettaglio.aspx?Pub=7671&RicCro=1&CE=crchrclbr791|access-date=2020-11-04|website=www.servizipubblicaamministrazione.it}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= Canada's Laval recognizes independence of Karabakh |url=https://www.philippinesnews.net/news/266897904/canadaaposs-laval-recognizes-independence-of-karabakh |access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref> On 25 November the [[Senate (France)|French Senate]] adopted resolution calling on the French government to recognize the independence of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/international/le-senat-vote-pour-la-reconnaissance-du-haut-karabakh-20201125|title=Le Sénat vote pour la reconnaissance du Haut-Karabakh|date=2020-11-25|website=lefigaro.fr|publisher=[[Le Figaro]]|language=fr}}</ref> The resolution serves as a recommendation and has no mandatory power. French Secretary of State at the Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs [[Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne (politician)|Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne]] stated that "unilateral recognition of Karabakh will do no good for anyone" and will not serve to boost mediation efforts.<ref>{{cite web |title=French Senate adopts resolution urging government to recognize Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://tass.com/world/1228017 |website=TASS |access-date=26 November 2020}}</ref> Armenian PM Nikol Pashinyan stated that the decision made by the French Senate was "historical."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1035914/|title=Recognition of Artsakh's independence enters into international agenda – PM Pashinyan|date=2020-12-03|website=armenpress.am|publisher=[[Armenpress]]}}</ref> The [[Foreign relations of Artsakh|Artsakh Foreign Ministry]] issued a statement expressing its gratitude, calling the French Senate vote “courageous,” expressing hope that it will serve as an example for other institutions, among the French National Assembly, and other countries to follow suit.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://asbarez.com/198774/stepanakert-yerevan-welcome-french-senate-vote/|title=Stepanakert, Yerevan Welcome French Senate Vote|date=2020-11-26|website=asbarez.com|publisher=[[Asbarez]]}}</ref> The French Ambassador to Azerbaijan, Zacharie Gross, had stated that "unilateral recognition of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic is not the policy of the French government".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fbf5e9d10a1c302d6fbeb5e%26Fransa%20s%C9%99firi%3A%20%22Da%C4%9Fl%C4%B1q%20Qaraba%C4%9F%C4%B1n%20tan%C4%B1nmas%C4%B1%20Fransa%20h%C3%B6k%C3%BCm%C9%99tinin%20siyas%C9%99ti%20deyil%22%262020-11-26T07%3A52%3A54%2B00%3A00&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:19c29148-3b24-4851-a33d-2768969682a8&pinned_post_asset_id=5fbf5e9d10a1c302d6fbeb5e&pinned_post_type=share |title=Fransa səfiri: "Dağlıq Qarabağın tanınması Fransa hökümətinin siyasəti deyil" |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |date=26 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |language=az }}</ref> Azerbaijan's parliament condemned the resolution of the French Senate and called on the Azerbaijani government to appeal to the OSCE to remove France from the OSCE Minsk Group co-chairmanship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Azerbaijani Parliament calls on government to appeal to the OSCE to withdraw France from co-chair |url=https://apa.az/en/domestic-news/Azerbaijani-Parliament-calls-on-government-to-appeal-to-the-OSCE-to-withdraw-France-from-co-chair-336365 |website=APA |access-date=26 November 2020}}</ref> The parliament's chairman, [[Sahiba Gafarova]], stated that the resolution had "distorted the essence of the conflict." Stressing that France is a co-chair of the OSCE Minsk Group, Gafarova added that "this country, which speaks of freedom and democracy, has never made a distinction between the occupier and the occupied, and has shown a biased position."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fbf632365be0302b81c482d%26Sahib%C9%99%20Qafarova%3A%20%22Fransa%20he%C3%A7%20vaxt%20i%C5%9F%C4%9Fal%C3%A7%C4%B1%20il%C9%99%20i%C5%9F%C4%9Fala%20m%C9%99ruz%20qalan%20aras%C4%B1nda%20f%C9%99rq%20qoymay%C4%B1b%22%262020-11-26T08%3A14%3A58%2B00%3A00&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:f851ae3a-4145-4f4d-8bde-e25ec8b07f4d&pinned_post_asset_id=5fbf632365be0302b81c482d&pinned_post_type=share |title=Sahibə Qafarova: "Fransa heç vaxt işğalçı ilə işğala məruz qalan arasında fərq qoymayıb" |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |date=26 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |language=az }}</ref> The Azerbaijani Foreign Ministry also issued a note of protest to the French Ambassador.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fbfc89510a1c302d6fbebf6%26Az%C9%99rbaycan%20Xarici%20%C4%B0%C5%9Fl%C9%99r%20Nazirliyi%20Fransa%20S%C9%99firin%C9%99%20etiraz%20notas%C4%B1%20verib%262020-11-26T15%3A27%3A33%2B00%3A00&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:421e8205-2064-40d8-a67e-1fd287503bc7&pinned_post_asset_id=5fbfc89510a1c302d6fbebf6&pinned_post_type=share |title=Azərbaycan Xarici İşlər Nazirliyi Fransa Səfirinə etiraz notası verib |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |date=26 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |language=az }}</ref> On 27 November, Turkey's [[Justice and Development Party (Turkey)|Justice and Development Party]] (AKP), the [[Republican People's Party (Turkey)|Republican People's Party]] (CHP), the [[Nationalist Movement Party]] (MHP) and the [[Good Party|İYİ Party]] issued a joint statement condemning the French Senate's resolution on Artsakh's recognition.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/dort-partiden-fransa-senatosuna-kinama-1794369 |title=Dört partiden Fransa Senatosu'na kınama |work=[[Cumhuriyet]] |date=27 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |language=tr }}</ref> However, two days later, the French Foreign Ministry issued a statement that it does not recognize "the self-proclaimed Nagorno-Karabakh Republic".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/30971851.html |title=Karabakh Not Recognized By France |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=27 November 2020 |website=azatutyun.am |publisher=Azatutyun }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Haut-Karabagh – Déclaration de la porte-parole (26 novembre 2020) |url=https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/armenie/evenements/article/haut-karabagh-declaration-de-la-porte-parole-26-11-20 |website=Ministère de l’Europe et des Affaires étrangères |access-date=1 December 2020}}</ref> On 3 December 2020, the [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]] of France also adopted a resolution urging the French Government to recognize Artsakh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.notretemps.com/droit/l-assemblee-nationale-pour-la-afp-202012,i232950|title=L'Assemblée nationale pour la reconnaissance du Haut-Karabakh, le gouvernement contre|date=2020-12-03|website=notretemps.com|publisher=Notre Temps|language=fr}}</ref> Before the vote, French Foreign Minister [[Jean-Yves Le Drian]] spoke out against such recognition, saying that it would be counterproductive for both France and the Karabakh peace process.<ref>{{cite web |title=French Lower House Also Calls For Karabakh's Recognition |url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/30982737.html |website=Azatutyun |access-date=6 December 2020}}</ref> Artsakh MFA commented that the recognition will "guarantee the rights of the citizens of Artsakh to live freely in their native land" and that the political settlement of the conflict should be based on the right to [[self-determination]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.am/eng/news/617163.html|title=Karabakh MFA comment on French National Assembly's resolution on Artsakh|date=2020-12-04|website=news.am|publisher=NEWS.am}}</ref> The next day, Azerbaijan sent a note of protest to the French Ambassador.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fca348afe66a902d10056b7%26Az%C9%99rbaycan%20Fransa%20S%C9%99firin%C9%99%20etiraz%20notas%C4%B1%20verib%262020-12-04T13%3A07%3A23.267Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:fc59af58-71cd-41c6-aafe-62763634ffcd&pinned_post_asset_id=5fca348afe66a902d10056b7&pinned_post_type=share |title=Azərbaycan Fransa Səfirinə etiraz notası verib |date=4 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> Also, the Azerbaijani Foreign Ministry responded to the decision by calling it "another completely baseless, unfriendly and provocative activity" by the French parliament, adding that this "biased" resolution was part of a "sustained campaign" against Azerbaijan. The ministry, citing the resolution's title, also accused members of the French National Assembly of "adding religious overtones" to the conflict, and stressed that the resolution had no legal force.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc9d74bfe66a902d1005632%26Az%C9%99rbaycan%20X%C4%B0N%20Fransa%20Milli%20Assambleyas%C4%B1%20t%C9%99r%C9%99find%C9%99n%20q%C9%99bul%20edilmi%C5%9F%20q%C9%99tnam%C9%99%20il%C9%99%20ba%C4%9Fl%C4%B1%20%C5%9F%C9%99rh%20verib%262020-12-04T06%3A30%3A54.969Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:d954c4d0-372e-4e81-92c5-6630b08b693b&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc9d74bfe66a902d1005632&pinned_post_type=share |title=Azərbaycan XİN Fransa Milli Assambleyası tərəfindən qəbul edilmiş qətnamə ilə bağlı şərh verib |date=4 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> Some international analysts called on France to step down from its position as a co-chair of the Minsk Group due to its support for Armenia, as its status as mediator requires that it maintains neutrality.<ref>{{cite news |title=France struggles to retain Karabakh sway after Armenia defeat |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20201127-france-struggles-to-retain-karabakh-sway-after-armenia-defeat |access-date=6 December 2020 |agency=AFP |publisher=France 24 |date=27 November 2020}}</ref> On 22 November 2020 President of Russia Vladimir Putin said that from the point of view of the international law Nagorno-Karabakh is a part of Azerbaijan. Vladimir Putin's Press Secretary [[Dmitry Peskov]] stated that Russia, the same as other countries, did not change its position on the status of Nagorno-Karabakh, and the ownership of this territory is determined by the resolutions of the UN Security Council. According to Peskov, there was "no one in charge" in Karabakh, and Russia coordinates its activities in the region with two parties to the conflict, Azerbaijan and Armenia.<ref>{{cite news |title=Песков подтвердил позицию России по статусу Карабаха |url=https://iz.ru/1095876/2020-12-04/peskov-podtverdil-pozitciiu-rossii-po-statusu-karabakha |access-date=6 December 2020 |agency=Известия |date=4 December 2020}}</ref> == See also == * [[2014 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes]] * [[List of ongoing armed conflicts]] * [[List of territorial disputes]] {{Portal bar|Azerbaijan|War}} ==Notes== {{notelist}} == References == {{Reflist}} == External links == * {{Commons category-inline}} * [https://www.euronews.com/2020/10/07/watch-live-azerbaijan-and-armenia-leaders-speak-exclusively-to-euronews Interview with the leaders of Azerbaijan and Armenia] * {{cite web | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YU2v38hRRbg | title = The Armenia and Azerbaijan war, explained | publisher = [[Vox (website)|Vox]] | date = 3 December 2020 }} {{Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict}} [[Category:2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war| ]] [[Category:Armenia–Azerbaijan border]] [[Category:Conflicts in 2020]] [[Category:2020 in Armenia]] [[Category:2020 in Azerbaijan]] [[Category:2020 in international relations]] [[Category:Battles in 2020]] [[Category:Battles involving the Republic of Artsakh]] [[Category:Wars involving Armenia]] [[Category:Wars involving Azerbaijan]] [[Category:Drone warfare]] [[Category:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]] [[Category:September 2020 events in Asia]] [[Category:October 2020 events in Asia]] [[Category:Articles containing video clips]]'
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext)
'<noinclude>{{User:RMCD bot/subject notice|1=Second Nagorno-Karabakh War|2=Talk:2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war#Requested move 29 November 2020 }} </noinclude>{{short description|Armed conflict between Azerbaijan and self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh and their allies}} {{pp-semi|small=yes}} {{Use British English|date=September 2020}} {{use dmy dates|date=September 2020}} {{infobox military conflict | conflict = 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war | partof = the [[Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]] and the [[Russia–Turkey proxy conflict]] | image = QarabaghWarMap(2020).svg | image_size = 300px | caption = <small>For a more detailed map, see the [[Template:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict detailed map|Nagorno-Karabakh conflict detailed map]]</small> | date = {{nowrap|{{Start date|2020|9|27|df=y}} – {{End date|2020|11|10|df=y}}<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=09|day1=27|year1=2020|month2=11|day2=10|year2=2020}})<ref name="peace">{{cite web|url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/11/09/armenian-pm-announces-end-to-nagorno-karabakh-hostilities-a71997|title=Deal Struck to End Nagorno-Karabakh War|publisher=The Moscow Times |access-date=10 November 2020|date=10 November 2020}}</ref>}} | place = [[Nagorno-Karabakh]] and [[Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh|surrounding Armenian-occupied territories]], [[Armenia–Azerbaijan border]] | width = 300px | coordinates = | map_type = | latitude = | longitude = | map_size = | map_caption = | map_label = | territory = During the war: * Azerbaijan gains control of 5 cities, 4 towns, 286 villages,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://azertag.az/xeber/Isgaldan_azad_edilmis_seher_ve_kendlerimiz-1622227 |title=İşğaldan azad edilmiş şəhər və kəndlərimiz |work=[[Azerbaijan State News Agency]] |date=1 December 2020 |access-date=1 December 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.is/Nk92x |archive-date=1 December 2020 |language=az }}</ref> and the entire [[Azerbaijan–Iran border]] Post-[[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement|ceasefire]]: * Azerbaijan retains the areas of Nagorno-Karabakh that it captured during the war, all Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh [[cession|ceded]] back to Azerbaijan by 1 December 2020. * Azerbaijan is granted direct land access to its [[Enclave and exclave|exclave]] of [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchivan]] via a corridor through [[Armenia]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Kramer|first=Andrew E.|date=10 November 2020|title=Facing Military Debacle, Armenia Accepts a Deal in Nagorno-Karabakh War|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/09/world/middleeast/armenia-settlement-nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan.html|url-status=live|access-date=11 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111011541/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/09/world/middleeast/armenia-settlement-nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan.html|archive-date=11 November 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> | result = Azerbaijani victory<!-- Do not use terms such as "decisive", per [[Template:Infobox military conflict]] --><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20201210-one-nation-two-states-on-display-as-erdogan-visits-azerbaijan-for-karabakh-victory-parade|title='One nation, two states' on display as Erdogan visits Azerbaijan for Karabakh victory parade|date=10 December 2020|publisher=[[France24]]|quote=Azerbaijan's historic win was an important geopolitical coup for Erdogan who has cemented Turkey's leading role as a powerbroker in the ex-Soviet Caucasus region.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54882564|title=Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia sign Nagorno-Karabakh peace deal|date=10 November 2020|publisher=[[BBC]]|quote=The BBC's Orla Guerin in Baku says that, overall, the deal should be read as a victory for Azerbaijan and a defeat for Armenia.}}</ref> * [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement|Ceasefire agreement]] signed on 10 November 2020.<ref name="peace"/> * Azerbaijan retains control over the territories it recaptured during the war. * Russian peacekeeping forces deployed to the region.<ref name="Turkey, Russia to set up joint center to watch Nagorno-Karabakh peace"/> * Start of the [[2020 Armenian protests]]. * [[Memorandum of understanding]] signed on 11 November 2020, for the formation of the Joint Turkish–Russian Center.<ref name="Turkey, Russia to set up joint center to watch Nagorno-Karabakh peace">{{cite web |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkey-russia-to-set-up-joint-center-to-watch-nagorno-karabakh-peace-159920|title=Turkey, Russia to set up joint center to watch Nagorno-Karabakh peace|date=11 November 2020|publisher=Hurriyet Daily News}}</ref> | combatant1 = '''{{flag|Azerbaijan}}''' * [[Syrians|Syrian]] [[Mercenary|mercenaries]]<ref name="bbckofman" /><ref name="Macron"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-turkey-syria-idUSKBN26J25A|title=Turkey deploying Syrian fighters to help ally Azerbaijan, two fighters say|work=Reuters|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008220322/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-turkey-syria-idUSKBN26J25A|url-status=live}}<br />{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54356334|title=Armenia–Azerbaijan conflict: Azerbaijan president vows to fight on|date=30 September 2020|website=bbc.com|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001213255/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54356334|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="guard">{{cite web|last1=Carley|first1=Patricia|title=Turkey recruiting Syrians to guard troops and facilities in Azerbaijan|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/azerbaijan-armenia-turkey-syrians-recruiting-guard-facilities|publisher=Middle East Eye|date=September 29, 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002075651/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/azerbaijan-armenia-turkey-syrians-recruiting-guard-facilities|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/30/nagorno-karabakh-at-least-three-syrian-fighters-killed|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: at least three Syrian fighters killed|first1=Bethan|last1=McKernan |first2=Michael|last2=Safi|date=30 September 2020|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008211028/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/30/nagorno-karabakh-at-least-three-syrian-fighters-killed|url-status=live}}</ref>{{efn|Denied by Azerbaijan<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/9/28/azerbaijan-denies-turkey-sent-it-fighters-from-syria|date=28 September 2020|title=Azerbaijan denies Turkey sent it fighters from Syria|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=7 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007050935/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/9/28/azerbaijan-denies-turkey-sent-it-fighters-from-syria|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="theguardian0410">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/04/nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan-accuses-armenia-of-rocket-attack|date=5 October 2020|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Azerbaijan accuses Armenia of rocket attack|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=11 October 2020}}</ref> and Turkey.<ref>{{cite news|title=Türkiye'nin Dağlık Karabağ'a paralı asker gönderdiği iddiası|date=29 September 2020 |url=https://www.dw.com/tr/t%C3%BCrkiyenin-da%C4%9Fl%C4%B1k-karaba%C4%9Fa-paral%C4%B1-asker-g%C3%B6nderdi%C4%9Fi-iddias%C4%B1/a-55088342|publisher=Deutsche Welle|language=tr|access-date=11 October 2020 |archive-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002022949/https://www.dw.com/tr/t%C3%BCrkiyenin-da%C4%9Fl%C4%B1k-karaba%C4%9Fa-paral%C4%B1-asker-g%C3%B6nderdi%C4%9Fi-iddias%C4%B1/a-55088342|url-status=live}}</ref>}} {{plainlist| * '''Supported by:''' * {{flag|Turkey}}<ref>{{cite web|title=F-16s Reveal Turkey's Drive to Expand Its Role in the Southern Caucasus|url=https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/f-16s-reveal-turkeys-drive-expand-its-role-southern-caucasus|publisher=Stratfor|archive-url=https://archive.today/20201010133045/https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/f-16s-reveal-turkeys-drive-expand-its-role-southern-caucasus|archive-date=10 October 2020 |date=8 October 2020|quote=The presence of the Turkish fighter aircraft ... demonstrate[s] direct military involvement by Turkey that goes far beyond already-established support, such as its provision of Syrian fighters and military equipment to Azerbaijani forces.|access-date=11 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>{{efn|Turkey and Azerbaijan deny direct involvement of Turkey.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chausovsky |first1=Eugene|title=Turkey Challenging Russia's Monopoly in the South Caucasus|url=https://cgpolicy.org/articles/turkey-challenging-russias-monopoly-in-the-south-caucasus/|agency=Center for Global Policy |date=7 October 2020|archive-url=https://archive.vn/g5dqj|archive-date=7 October 2020|quote=... it has been reported (though denied by Turkish and Azerbaijani officials) that Turkish soldiers and aircraft have been directly involved in the fighting.}}</ref><ref name="Everything We Know About The Fighting That Has Erupted Between Armenia And Azerbaijan">{{cite web|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/36777/everything-we-know-about-the-fighting-that-has-erupted-between-armenia-and-azerbaijan|title=Everything We Know About The Fighting That Has Erupted Between Armenia And Azerbaijan|publisher=The Drive |access-date=1 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="azer">{{cite news|title=Turkey supplies T-300 Kasirga rocket system to Azerbaijan|url=https://www.azernews.az/nation/102564.html|publisher=AzerNews|date=21 September 2016}}</ref>}} }} ---- {{plainlist| '''Arms suppliers:''' * {{flag|Israel}}<ref>{{cite news|last1=Melman|first1=Yossi|author-link1=Yossi Melman|title=As Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict Expands, Israel-Azerbaijan Arms Trade Thrives|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/nagorno-karabakh-conflict-israel-azerbaijan-arms-trade-armenia-iran-1.9212986|publisher=Haaretz|date=7 October 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20201010164114/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/nagorno-karabakh-conflict-israel-azerbaijan-arms-trade-armenia-iran-1.9212986|archive-date=10 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Israel sending weapons to Azerbaijan as fight with Armenia rages on sources|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/world/2020/10/01/Israel-sending-weapons-to-Azerbaijan-as-fight-with-Armenia-rages-on-Sources|agency=Al Arabiya |date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://archive.vn/L8TSF|archive-date=3 October 2020|quote=... a US intelligence source told Al Arabiya English that Israel was sending planes full of weapons to Azerbaijan.}}</ref> }} | combatant2 = '''{{flag|Armenia}}'''<br />'''{{flag|Artsakh}}''' * [[Armenian diaspora]] volunteers<ref>{{cite news|last2=Francis|first2=Ellen|last1=Semerdjian|first1=Maria|title=Despite Lebanon's woes, Armenians spring to action for Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN27H157|access-date=1 November 2020|work=Reuters|date=1 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Zargaryan|first1=Robert|title=Ուղիղ չվերթով Երևան՝ առաջնագիծ գնալու պարտաստակամությամբ|trans-title=By direct flight to Yerevan, ready to go to the front line|url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/30872246.html|website=azatutyun.am|agency=RFE/RL|date=3 October 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.vn/1CnZr|archive-date=6 October 2020|language=hy}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Cragg|first1=Gulliver|title=Armenian volunteer returns from France to fight for Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20201007-armenian-volunteer-returns-from-france-to-fight-for-nagorno-karabakh|agency=France24|date=7 October 2020|archive-url=https://archive.vn/AGD2D|archive-date=7 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Harounyan|first1=Stéphanie|title=De Marseille à Erevan, un militant marqué au front|url=https://www.liberation.fr/france/2020/10/11/de-marseille-a-erevan-un-militant-marque-au-front_1802057|newspaper=Libération|date=11 October 2020|language=fr}}</ref> ---- {{plainlist| * '''Arms suppliers:''' * {{flag|Russia}}{{efn|Alleged by Azerbaijan,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/az/dagliq_qarabag/Prezident-Ermnistanin-thluksizliyi-pulsuz-silahlanmasi-Rusiya-trfindn-tmin-edilir-609813|title=Prezident: "Ermənistanın təhlükəsizliyi, pulsuz silahlanması Rusiya tərəfindən təmin edilir"|website=apa.az|date=11 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|language=az|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011141759/https://apa.az/az/dagliq_qarabag/Prezident-Ermnistanin-thluksizliyi-pulsuz-silahlanmasi-Rusiya-trfindn-tmin-edilir-609813|url-status=live}}</ref> and reports that Russia supplied arms to Armenia via Iran.<ref name="bneIranArmeniaarmsshipment"/><ref name="AzerbaijanclaimsIRARMarmstrade1"/><ref name="AzerbaijanclaimsIRARMarmstrade2"/> It has been denied by Iran.<ref name="Irandeniesarmstrade1"/><ref name="Irandeniesarmstrade2"/>}} }} | commander1 = {{plainlist| * {{flagdeco|Azerbaijan}} [[Ilham Aliyev]] * {{flagdeco|Azerbaijan}} [[Zakir Hasanov]] * {{flagdeco|Azerbaijan}} [[Najmaddin Sadigov]] * {{flagdeco|Azerbaijan}} [[Mais Barkhudarov]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mod.gov.az/en/news/major-general-mayis-barkhudarov-we-will-fight-to-destroy-the-enemy-completely-32376.html|title=Major General Mayis Barkhudarov: "We will fight to destroy the enemy completely|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008052224/https://mod.gov.az/en/news/major-general-mayis-barkhudarov-we-will-fight-to-destroy-the-enemy-completely-32376.html|archive-date=8 October 2020|date=September 28, 2020|publisher=Azerbaijani Ministry of Defence}}</ref> * {{flagdeco|Azerbaijan}} [[Hikmat Mirzayev]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.president.az/articles/41714|title=Release of the Press Service of the President|website=president.az|publisher=Official website of the President of Azerbaijan|date=4 October 2020|access-date=7 October 2020|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009090742/https://en.president.az/articles/41714|url-status=live}}</ref> * {{flagdeco|Azerbaijan}} [[Hikmat Hasanov]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apa.az/en/domestic-news/President-Ilham-Aliyev-congratulates-1st-Army-Corps-Commander-Hikmet-Hasanov-on-liberation-of-Madagiz-from-occupation-331987|title=President Ilham Aliyev congratulates 1st Army Corps Commander Hikmet Hasanov on liberation of Madagiz from occupation|website=apa.az|date=3 October 2020|access-date=3 October 2020 |quote=President Ilham Aliyev has congratulated 1st Army Corps Commander Hikmet Hasanov on liberation of Madagiz, APA reports.}}</ref> * {{flagdeco|Azerbaijan}} [[Elchin Guliyev]]<ref name="azesbs">{{cite web|url=https://azertag.az/en/xeber/1617731|title=Release of the Press Service of the President|agency=Azerbaijan State News Agency|date=19 October 2020 |access-date=20 October 2020|quote=Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Azerbaijan, President Ilham Aliyev congratulated Chief of the State Border Service (SBS), Colonel General Elchin Guliyev on raising the Azerbaijani flag over the Khudafarin bridge, liberating several residential settlements with the participation of the SBS, and instructed to convey his congratulations to all personnel. Colonel General Elchin Guliyev reported that the State Border Service personnel will continue to decently fulfill all the tasks set by the Commander-in-Chief.}}</ref> }} | commander2 = {{plainlist| * {{flagdeco|Artsakh}} [[Arayik Harutyunyan]] * {{flagdeco|Artsakh}} [[Jalal Harutyunyan]]{{WIA}}<ref name=jalal>{{cite web|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/27/jalal-harutyunyan-wounded-mikael-arzumanyan-appointed-artsakh-defense-minister|title=Jalal Harutyunyan wounded, Mikael Arzumanyan appointed Artsakh Defense Minister|date=27 October 2020}}</ref> * {{flagdeco|Artsakh}} [[Mikael Arzumanyan]]<ref name=jalal /> * {{flagdeco|Artsakh}} Artur Sargsyan{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.am/eng/news/611128.html|title=Artsakh Defense Army deputy commander killed|date=2 November 2020}}</ref> * {{flagdeco|Armenia}} [[Nikol Pashinyan]] * {{flagdeco|Armenia}} [[David Tonoyan]] * {{flagdeco|Armenia}} [[Onik Gasparyan]] * {{flagdeco|Armenia}} [[Tiran Khachatryan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/22/tiran-khachatryan-national-hero-of-the-republic-of-armenia/|title=Tiran Khachatryan – National Hero of the Republic of Armenia|date=2020-10-22|website=armradio.am|publisher=Public Radio of Armenia}}</ref> }} | units1 = {{flagicon image|Coat of arms of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces.png|size=15px}} [[Azerbaijani Armed Forces]] * {{flagicon image|Azerbaijani Land Forces badge.svg|size=15px}} [[Azerbaijani Land Forces]] ** {{flagicon image|Azerbaijan 1st Army.svg|size=15px}} 1st Corps<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3310257.html |title=President Ilham Aliyev congratulates Commander of 1st Army Corps Hikmat Hasanov on liberation of Madagiz |date=3 October 2020 |access-date=24 November 2020 |work=[[Trend News Agency]] |language=en }}</ref> ** {{flagicon image|Azerbaijan 2nd Army.svg|size=15px}} 2nd Corps<ref name=warontherocks /> ** {{flagicon image|Azerbaijan 3rd Army.svg|size=15px}} 3rd Corps<ref name="mk">{{cite web|url=https://www.mk.ru/politics/2020/11/07/ekspert-ocenil-poteri-armenii-i-azerbaydzhana-v-nagornom-karabakhe.html|title=Эксперт оценил потери Армении и Азербайджана в Нагорном Карабахе|language=ru|publisher=Moskovsky Komsomolets|date=7 November 2020|access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref> ** {{flagicon image|Azerbaijan 4th Army.svg|size=15px}} 4th Corps<ref name="mk" /> ** {{flagicon image|Azerbaijan 5th Army.svg|size=15px}} [[Nakhchivan Army]]<ref name="mk" /> * {{flagicon image|Azerbaijani Special Forces badge.svg|size=15px}} [[Special Forces of Azerbaijan|Special Forces]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bizimyol.info/az/news/301032.html?fbclid=IwAR10M4ffyYzs0y-HxzHaE7SeZkQz9QK5fZFXP0RTtSKgBfhGFQO_Ev6feuc|title=Qarabağın qəlbi necə azad olundu: 300 spartalının əfsanəsi gerçək oldu Şuşada|work=Bizim Yol|language=az|date=9 November 2020|access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref> * {{flagicon image|Azerbaijani Air Forces badge.svg|size=15px}} [[Azerbaijani Air Forces]]<ref name="war">{{Cite web |url=https://news.milli.az/society/903183.html |title=Bu gün general olan 4 hərbçi kimdir? |trans-title=Who are the 4 servicemen that became generals today? |date=7 December 2020 |access-date=8 December 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.is/EZgsB |archive-date=7 December 2020 |work=[[Day.az|Milli.az]] |language=az }}</ref> * {{flagicon image|Azerbaijani Navy badge.svg|size=15px}} [[Azerbaijani Navy]] ** Marines<br /> {{flagicon image|Azerbaijan Border Guards seal.svg|size=15px}} [[State Border Service (Azerbaijan)|State Border Service]]<ref name="azesbs" /><br /> {{flagicon image|Символ МВД АР.jpg}} [[Ministry of Internal Affairs (Azerbaijan)|Ministry of Internal Affairs]] * {{flagicon image|Azerbaijani Internal Troops emblem.svg|size=15px}} [[Internal Troops of Azerbaijan|Internal Troops]]<ref name="samir">{{Cite web |first=Murad |last=Ahmad |url=https://qafqazinfo.az/news/detail/susaya-ermenilerin-icinden-kecib-getdik-xeberleri-olmadi-xtd-zabitivideo-307243 |title="Şuşaya ermənilərin içindən keçib getdik, xəbərləri olmadı" – XTD üzvü +Video |trans-title="We went to Shusha through Armenians, they didn't know" – SOF member + Video |date=3 December 2020 |access-date=5 December 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.is/yZC3C |archive-date=5 December 2020 |work=Qafqazinfo |language=az }}</ref><br /> {{flagicon image|Emblem of the Foreign Intelligence Service of Azerbaijan.jpg|size=15px}} [[Foreign Intelligence Service (Azerbaijan)|Foreign Intelligence Service]] * {{flagicon image|YARASA Flag.svg|size=15px}} YARASA Special Forces<ref>{{Cite web |first=Mirmahmud |last=Kazimoglu |url=https://report.az/herbi-xeberler/xarici-kesfiyyat-xidmetinin-yarasa-xususi-bolmesi-ilk-defe-numayis-etdirildi/ |title=Xarici Kəşfiyyat Xidmətinin YARASA xüsusi bölməsi ilk dəfə nümayiş etdirildi |date=10 December 2020 |access-date=10 December 2020 |work=[[Report Information Agency]] |language=az }}</ref> Syrian mercenaries<ref name="SOHR1"/><ref name="Everything We Know About The Fighting That Has Erupted Between Armenia And Azerbaijan"/> * {{flagicon image|Logo of the Hamza Division.jpg}} [[Hamza Division (Aleppo)|Hamza Division]] * {{flagicon image|Sultan Murat Tümeni Flag.svg}} [[Sultan Murad Division]] | units2 = {{flagicon image|Army Artsakh.jpg}} [[Artsakh Defence Army]]<br />{{flagicon image|Armmil zinanshan.jpg}} [[Armed Forces of Armenia]]<br />{{flagicon image|National Security Service of the Republic of Armenia.png|size=15px}} [[National Security Service (Armenia)|National Security Service]]<ref>[https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1034989/ 46 servicemen of Armenia NSS border troops killed during NK war]</ref> | strength1 = {{plainlist| * Unknown regular military * 2,580 Syrian fighters<ref name="syriandead"/>}} {{Collapsible list|title=Equipment:|Various types of tanks and armored vehicles including [[T-90]], [[T-72]], [[BMP-1]], [[BMP-2]], [[BMP-3]] and [[BTR-80|BTR-82]]<ref name="Everything We Know About The Fighting That Has Erupted Between Armenia And Azerbaijan"/><ref name="What Open Source Evidence Tells Us About The Nagorno-Karabakh War">{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/sebastienroblin/2020/10/23/what-open-source-evidence-tells-us-about-the-nagorno-karabakh-war/?sh=81195e26f4be|title=What Open Source Evidence Tells Us About The Nagorno-Karabakh War|work=Forbes|access-date=12 November 2020}}</ref> |Unknown number of [[Bayraktar TB2]] [[Unmanned combat aerial vehicle|combat drone]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/a-military-breakdown-of-the-azerbaijan-armenia-conflict-40175 |first=Adam|last=Bensaid|publisher=TRTWorld|title=A military breakdown of the Azerbaijan–Armenia conflict|date=29 September 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=7 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007172235/https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/a-military-breakdown-of-the-azerbaijan-armenia-conflict-40175|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="What Open Source Evidence Tells Us About The Nagorno-Karabakh War"/> |Unknown number of [[IAI Harop]], [[Aeronautics Defense Orbiter|Orbiter 1K]] and [[STM Kargu]] [[Loitering munition|suicide drones]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/israeli-drones-in-azerbaijan-raise-questions-on-use-in-the-battlefied-644161|title=Israeli drones in Azerbaijan raise questions on use in the battlefield|first=Seth J.|last=Frantzman|newspaper=Jerusalem Post|date=1 October 2020 |access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009015409/https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/israeli-drones-in-azerbaijan-raise-questions-on-use-in-the-battlefied-644161|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.milliyet.com.tr/galeri/son-dakika-goruntu-dunyayi-calkaladi-siha-vurdu-bir-baska-drone-6319256|title=Son dakika... Görüntü dünyayı çalkaladı! SİHA vurdu, bir başka drone...|publisher=Milliyet|language=tr|date=1 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011141818/https://www.milliyet.com.tr/galeri/son-dakika-haberleri-ermeni-komutanlarla-masada-oturana-bak-6319256|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=cnnturk/> |Unknown number of converted [[Antonov An-2]] used as unmanned drone for different roles<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hetq.am/en/article/123071|title=Azerbaijani Military Retools Old Crop Duster Planes as Attack Drones|date=14 October 2020|publisher=Hetq Online}}</ref> | Various [[Multiple rocket launcher|MLRs]] including [[Kasirga rocket system|TRG-300]] guided MLRs and [[BM-30 Smerch]]es<ref>{{cite web|title=Missiles, rockets and drones define Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict |url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/missiles-rockets-and-drones-define-azerbaijan-armenia-conflict-644365|publisher=The Jerusalem Post|access-date=18 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="What Open Source Evidence Tells Us About The Nagorno-Karabakh War"/> | Various [[Surface-to-air missile|anti-aircraft missiles]] including [[S-300 missile system|S-300]]s<ref name="Azerbaijan shoots down Armenian Su-25 fighter jet">{{cite web |url=https://www.trtworld.com/asia/azerbaijan-shoots-down-armenian-su-25-fighter-jet-40674|title=Azerbaijan shoots down Armenian Su-25 fighter jet|publisher=TRT World|access-date=12 November 2020}}</ref> | Various artillery<ref name="Cities under fire as Armenia-Azerbaijan fighting intensifies">{{cite web|url=https://today.rtl.lu/news/world/a/1590159.html|title=Cities under fire as Armenia-Azerbaijan fighting intensifies|publisher=RTL Today|access-date=12 November 2020}}</ref> }} | strength2 = {{plainlist| * Unknown regular military}} {{Collapsible list|title=Equipment:| [[T-72]] tanks and various types of armored vehicles including [[BMP-1]], [[BMP-2]] and [[MT-LB]]<ref name="Everything We Know About The Fighting That Has Erupted Between Armenia And Azerbaijan"/><ref name="What Open Source Evidence Tells Us About The Nagorno-Karabakh War"/> | [[Scud|Scud-B]] and [[OTR-21 Tochka]] [[tactical ballistic missile]]s<ref name="What Open Source Evidence Tells Us About The Nagorno-Karabakh War"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia, Azerbaijan announce new attempt at cease-fire|url=https://apnews.com/article/international-news-ilham-aliyev-azerbaijan-armenia-51d168ecbfe86cfd9a9ba08767f6e1d7|publisher=AP News|access-date=19 October 2020}}</ref> | Various [[Multiple rocket launcher|MLRs]] including [[BM-30 Smerch]]es, [[WM-80 MRL|WM-80]]s and [[BM-21 Grad]]s <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f943a7ac4548e02bf3cc26b%26%262020-10-24T14%3A30%3A19.028Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:fe950852-c7ae-417d-a14b-229013c4b98b&pinned_post_asset_id=5f943a7ac4548e02bf3cc26b&pinned_post_type=share|title=Село Тапкаракоюнлу, примерно в 60 километрах от города Гянджа. Военный показывает журналистам ракету "Смерч" перед разминированием.|date=24 October 2020|access-date=24 October 2020|language=ru|publisher=BBC Russian Service}}</ref><ref name="What Open Source Evidence Tells Us About The Nagorno-Karabakh War"/> | Various [[Surface-to-air missile|anti-aircraft missiles]] including [[S-300 missile system|S-300]]s, [[9K33 Osa|Osa]]s and [[9K35 Strela-10|Strela-10]]s<ref name="Everything We Know About The Fighting That Has Erupted Between Armenia And Azerbaijan"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Azerbaijani used TB2 drone to destroy second S-300 SAM of Armenia|url=https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2020/10/11/azerbaijani-used-tb2-drone-to-destroy-second-s-300-sam-of-armenia/|publisher=Global Defense Corp|access-date=1 November 2020}}</ref> | Various types of [[anti-tank guided missile]]s<ref name="Everything We Know About The Fighting That Has Erupted Between Armenia And Azerbaijan"/> | Various artillery<ref name="Cities under fire as Armenia-Azerbaijan fighting intensifies"/> | [[Sukhoi Su-25|Su-25]] [[Close air support|ground attack aircraft]]<ref name="Azerbaijan shoots down Armenian Su-25 fighter jet"/> }} | casualties1 = '''Per Azerbaijan:''' * 2,783 servicemen killed<ref name="2783soldiers" /><ref name="azMoDlist">{{cite web|date=8 December 2020|title=List of servicemen who died as Shehids in the Patriotic War |url=https://mod.gov.az/en/news/list-of-servicemen-who-died-as-shehids-in-the-patriotic-war-34027.html |access-date=8 December 2020|publisher=[[Ministry of Defence (Azerbaijan)|Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Azerbaijan]]}}</ref> * 100+ servicemen missing<ref name="2783soldiers" /> * 10 servicemen captured<ref>[https://apnews.com/article/russia-azerbaijan-armenia-prisoner-exchange-4b435d7594c119ced5830273cd388744 Azerbaijan, Armenia exchange prisoners as part of peace deal]<br>[https://www.news.az/news/span-classred-highlightazerbaijani-hostages-released-from-armenian-captivity-arrive-in-baku-span Azerbaijani captives, including Shahbaz Guliyev and Dilgam Asgarov, who were held hostage by Armenians, brought home]</ref> '''Per [[Syrian Observatory for Human Rights|SOHR]]:''' * 541 Syrian mercenaries killed<ref name="syriandead">{{cite web|date=3 December 2020|title=SOHR exclusive {{!}} Death toll of mercenaries in Azerbaijan is higher than that in Libya, while Syrian fighters given varying payments |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/194516/|access-date=3 December 2020|publisher=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights}}</ref> ---- See [[Casualties of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war|Casualties]] for details | casualties2 = '''Per Armenia:''' * 2,996 servicemen killed<ref name="ArmenianKIA1">{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Artsakh military death toll reaches 2996 as retrieval and identification of bodies continues |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1037547.html |work=Armenpress |date=2020-12-11 |access-date=2020-12-11}}</ref> * 60+ servicemen captured<ref name="ARMPOW1" /> ---- See [[Casualties of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war|Casualties]] for details | casualties3 = {{plainlist| * 100 Azerbaijani<ref name="AzerCivs">{{Cite web |url=https://www.azernews.az/aggression/173628.html |title=Civilian death toll in Armenian attacks reaches 100 |date=8 December 2020 |access-date=8 December 2020 |work=AzerNews |language=en }}</ref> and 55 Armenian civilians killed<ref name="ArmenianKIA2">{{Cite news|date=2020-12-05|title=Armenian protesters demand prime minister quit over deal with Nagorno-Karabakh|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/05/armenian-protesters-demand-prime-minister-quit-over-deal-with-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=2020-12-06|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> * 416 Azerbaijani and 148 Armenian civilians injured<ref name="AzerCivs"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1033921/|title=50 Armenian civilians killed by Azerbaijani armed forces so far|date=4 November 2020|access-date=4 November 2020}}<br />[https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1031392.html Azerbaijani targeting of civilians has claimed lives of 31 in Artsakh]</ref> * 3 Azerbaijani civilians missing {{small|(per Azerbaijan)}}<ref>[https://axar.az/news/toplum/523865.html]</ref> and ~40 Armenian{{small|(per NKR)}}<ref name="Armmissing" /> * 1 Russian [[Mi-24]] [[2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown|shot down]], 2 crew members killed, 1 injured<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/nagorno-karabakh-russian-helicopter-shot-down-over-armenia/a-55547913|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Russian helicopter shot down over Armenia|first=Deutsche|last=Welle (dw.com)|publisher=DW}}</ref> * 1 Russian civilian killed<ref name="russianboy" /> * 2 Armenian,<ref>{{cite web|title=Caucasus: 4 Journalists Injured in Nagorno-Karabakh Fighting|url=https://www.voanews.com/press-freedom/caucasus-4-journalists-injured-nagorno-karabakh-fighting|publisher=Voice of America|date=1 October 2020|access-date=21 October 2020}}</ref> 1 Azerbaijani,<ref name="anarshushali" /> 2 French<ref>{{cite web|title=Two French journalists seriously wounded after shelling in Nagorno-Karabakh|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-journalists-condit-idUSKBN26M5U7|work=Reuters|date=1 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=1 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001144332/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-journalists-condit-idUSKBN26M5U7|url-status=live}}</ref> and 3 Russian journalists injured<ref>{{cite news|url=https://rg.ru/2020/10/08/mid-rf-rossijskie-zhurnalisty-v-karabahe-poluchili-srednie-i-tiazhelye-raneniia.html|title=МИД РФ: Российские журналисты в Карабахе получили средние и тяжелые ранения |date=2020-10-08|publisher=Rossiyskaya Gazeta|access-date=2020-10-08|language=ru|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011141852/https://rg.ru/2020/10/08/mid-rf-rossijskie-zhurnalisty-v-karabahe-poluchili-srednie-i-tiazhelye-raneniia.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * 1 Iranian civilian injured from stray fire<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/iran-comes-under-attack-as-fighting-between-armenia-azerbaijan-spreads-across-border/|title=Iran comes under attack as fighting between Armenia–Azerbaijan spreads across border|work=Almasdar News|date=3 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009042858/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/iran-comes-under-attack-as-fighting-between-armenia-azerbaijan-spreads-across-border/|url-status=live}}</ref> * 40,000 Azerbaijanis<ref name="azerbaijandisplaced">{{cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/SP/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=26464&LangID=E|title=Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: Bachelet warns of possible war crimes as attacks continue in populated areas|publisher=Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights|date=2 November 2020|access-date=2 November 2020}}</ref> and 100,000 Armenians displaced<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/uneasy-peace-takes-hold-in-contested-region-of-azerbaijan PBS NewsHour – Uneasy peace takes hold in contested region of Azerbaijan]</ref><ref name="riadisplaced">{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20201024/karabakh-1581290908.html|title=Глава МИД Армении назвал число беженцев из-за ситуации в Карабахе|agency=RIA Novosti |date=23 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020|language=ru}}</ref><ref name="armenpress90000">{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1032601.html|title=Nearly 90,000 people displaced, lost homes and property in Nagorno Karabakh|publisher=ArmenPress|date=24 October 2020|access-date=24 October 2020}}</ref>}}<!-- <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan/un-says-nagorno-karabakh-attacks-could-be-war-crimes-idUSKBN27I1RK|title=U.N. says Nagorno-Karabakh attacks could be war crimes|date=2020-11-02|website=reuters.com|agency=Reuters}}</ref> --> | notes = | campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Nagorno-Karabakh conflict}}{{Campaignbox 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war}} }} [[File:2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war every day (Liveuamap).webm|thumb|Day-by-day animation of the war. Red: Artsakh; blue: captured by the Azerbaijani army; dotted blue: regions in which Azerbaijani special forces were active.]] The '''2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war''',{{efn|{{*}}In Armenia, local media sometimes refer to it as '''Azerbaijani aggression''' ({{lang-hy|ադրբեջանական ագրեսիա|translit=adrbejanakan agreˈsia}}, {{IPA-hy|ɑdɾbɛdʒɑnɑˈkɑn ɑgˈɾɛsjɑ}})<ref>{{cite news|title="Azerbaijani aggression has been pre-planned" – Armenian FM sends letter to UN Secretary-General|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029461.html|agency=Armenpress|date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20201011091411/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029461.html|archive-date=11 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ghazanchyan|first1=Siranush|title=26 more Armenian troops killed repelling Azerbaijani aggression|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/09/26-more-armenian-troops-killed-repelling-azerbaijani-aggression/ |agency=Public Radio of Armenia|date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20201011091401/https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/09/26-more-armenian-troops-killed-repelling-azerbaijani-aggression/|archive-date=11 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> or the '''Azerbaijani-Turkish aggression''' ({{lang-hy|ադրբեջանա-թուրքական ագրեսիա|translit=adrbejana-t'urk'akan agreˈsia}}, {{IPA-hy|ɑdɾbɛdʒɑnɑ-tʰuɾkʰɑkɑn ɑgˈɾɛsjɑ}}).<ref>{{cite news|title=Protest in front of the White House against the Azerbaijani-Turkish aggression|url=https://www.1lurer.am/en/2020/10/09/Protest-in-front-of-the-White-House-against-the-Azerbaijani-Turkish-aggression/331184|publisher=1lurer.am|agency=Public TV of Armenia|date=9 October 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201011091531/https://www.1lurer.am/en/2020/10/09/Protest-in-front-of-the-White-House-against-the-Azerbaijani-Turkish-aggression/331184|archive-date=11 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>{{indent}}{{*}}In Azerbaijan, it has been referred to '''Second Karabakh War''' ({{Lang-az|İkinci Qarabağ müharibəsi}}),<ref>{{cite news|title=Prezident İlham Əliyevin rəhbərliyi ilə Müdafiə Nazirliyinin Mərkəzi Komanda Məntəqəsində operativ müşavirə keçirilib – YENİLƏNİB|url=https://apa.az/az/dagliq_qarabag/Prezident-Ilham-liyevin-rhbrliyi-il-Mudafi-Nazirliyinin-Mrkzi-Komanda-Mntqsind-operativ-musavir-kecirilib-colorredYENILNIBcolor-612152|website=apa.az|date=25 October 2020|access-date=25 October 2020|language=az}}</ref> '''The Patriotic War''' ({{Lang-az|Vətən müharibəsi}}),<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.science.gov.az/news/open/14376 |title=Vətən Müharibəsində dövlətimizin və ordumuzun yanındayıq |publisher=[[Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences]] |date=30 September 2020 |access-date=21 November 2020 |language=az }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://azeridefence.com/az%C9%99rbaycanda-yeni-h%C9%99rbi-orden-medallar-v%C9%99-f%C9%99xri-ad-t%C9%99sis-edilib/ |title=Azərbaycanda yeni hərbi orden, medallar və fəxri ad təsis edilib |work=AzeriDefence |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=21 November 2020 |language=az }}</ref> '''Operation for peace enforcement of Armenia''' ({{Lang-az|Ermənistanı sülhə məcburetmə əməliyyatı}}),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Assistant-to-President-of-Azerbaijan:-%22First-phase-of-operation-for-peaceenforcement-of-Armenia-was-successfully-completed%22-332582|title=Assistant to President of Azerbaijan: "First phase of operation for peaceenforcement of Armenia was successfully completed"|date=11 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010125828/https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Assistant-to-President-of-Azerbaijan:-%22First-phase-of-operation-for-peaceenforcement-of-Armenia-was-successfully-completed%22-332582|url-status=live}}</ref> or '''Counter-offensive operation'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://menafn.com/1100863723/Defense-Ministry-Azerbaijan-Armys-Troops-launches-counter-offensive-operation-along-entire-front|date=29 September 2020|title=Defense Ministry: Azerbaijan Army's Troops launches counter-offensive operation along entire front}}</ref> ({{lang-az|Əks-hücum əməliyyatı}}) by the government.}} code-named '''Operation Iron Fist''' ({{lang-az|Dəmir Yumruq əməliyyatı}})<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://report.az/qarabag/azerbaycan-ordusu-dusmene-qarsi-emeliyyatlari-demir-yumruq-adi-altinda-kecirib/ |title=Azərbaycan Ordusu düşmənə qarşı əməliyyatları "Dəmir yumruq" adı altında keçirib |work=[[Report Information Agency]] |date=10 December 2020 |access-date=10 December 2020 |language=az }}</ref> by Azerbaijan, was an armed conflict between [[Azerbaijan]], supported by [[Turkey]], and the self-proclaimed [[Republic of Artsakh]] together with [[Armenia]], in the disputed region of [[Nagorno-Karabakh]] and [[Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh|surrounding territories]]. It was the latest escalation of an unresolved [[Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|conflict over the region]], which is internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan, but partially governed by Artsakh, a [[List of states with limited recognition|breakaway state]] with an Armenian ethnic majority.{{efn|At the end of Soviet period, the [[Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast]] was recorded as being populated by 76.9% Armenians, 21.5% Azerbaijanis, and 1.5% other groups, totalling 188,685 persons, in the 1989 census. The surrounding districts, occupied by the Republic of Artsakh since the 1994 ceasefire, were recorded in the 1979 census to have a population of 97.7% [[Azerbaijanis]], 1.3% [[Kurds]], 0.7% [[Russians]], 0.1% [[Armenians]], and 0.1% [[Lezgins]], for a total of 186,874 persons. This does not include the populations of [[Fuzuli District]] and [[Agdam District]], which were only partially under Armenian control before the 2020 war.}} Clashes began on the morning of 27 September 2020 along the [[Nagorno-Karabakh Line of Contact]], which had been established in the aftermath of the [[First Nagorno-Karabakh War]] (1988–1994). In response, Armenia and Artsakh introduced [[martial law]] and total [[mobilization]],<ref name="bbc_270920">{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Armenia and Azerbaijan erupt into fighting over disputed Nagorno-Karabakh|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54314341|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928055530/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54314341|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://in.reuters.com/article/armenia-azerbaijan-martial-law/nagorno-karabakh-announces-martial-law-and-total-mobilization-idINKBN26I086?il=0|title=Nagorno-Karabakh announces martial law and total mobilization|work=Reuters|date=27 September 2020|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011141606/https://in.reuters.com/article/armenia-azerbaijan-martial-law/nagorno-karabakh-announces-martial-law-and-total-mobilization-idINKBN26I086?il=0|url-status=live}}</ref> while Azerbaijan introduced martial law,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/armenia-azerbaijan-curfew/azerbaijans-parliament-approves-martial-law-curfews-presidents-aide-idINKBN26I0OU|title=Azerbaijan's parliament approves martial law, curfews – president's aide|work=Reuters|date=27 September 2020|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928062034/https://www.reuters.com/article/armenia-azerbaijan-curfew/azerbaijans-parliament-approves-martial-law-curfews-presidents-aide-idINKBN26I0OU|url-status=live}}</ref> a [[curfew]] and partial mobilization.<ref>{{cite web|title=Azerbaijan's president orders partial military mobilization |url=https://tass.com/world/1205799|access-date=2020-10-26|website=tass.com}}</ref> Turkey provided military support to Azerbaijan, although the extent of this support has been disputed.<ref name="russiamatters01"/><ref name="voa28sep">{{cite news|last1=Jones|first1=Dorian|title=Turkey Vows Support for Azerbaijan in Escalating Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict|url=https://www.voanews.com/south-central-asia/turkey-vows-support-azerbaijan-escalating-nagorno-karabakh-conflict|publisher=Voice of America|date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://archive.vn/OjQNm|archive-date=30 September 2020|quote={{-'}}Turkey is already supporting Azerbaijan militarily, through technical assistance through arms sales, providing critical military support, especially in terms of armed drones and technical expertise', said Turkish analyst Ilhan Uzgel.}}</ref> Turkey's involvement is thought to have been an attempt to extend its sphere of influence, both by increasing the standing of Azerbaijan in the conflict and by marginalizing Russia's influence over the region.<ref name="russiamatters01"/><ref name="nyt_011020"/> International analysts believe that fighting likely began with an Azerbaijani [[Offensive (military)|offensive]],<ref name="russiamatters01">{{cite web|last1=Kofman|first1=Michael|title=Armenia–Azerbaijan War: Military Dimensions of the Conflict|url=https://www.russiamatters.org/analysis/armenia-azerbaijan-war-military-dimensions-conflict|website=russiamatters.org|publisher=Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs|archive-url=https://archive.vn/7V4MH|archive-date=3 October 2020|date=2 October 2020|quote=On 27 September 2020, Azerbaijan launched a military offensive, resulting in fighting that spans much of the line of contact in the breakaway region of Nagorno-Karabakh...}}</ref><ref name="eurasianet_290920">{{cite web|last1=Kucera|first1=Joshua|date=29 September 2020|title=As fighting rages, what is Azerbaijan's goal?|url=https://eurasianet.org/as-fighting-rages-what-is-azerbaijans-goal|access-date=29 September 2020|website=eurasianet.org|quote=The Azerbaijani offensive against Armenian forces is its most ambitious since the war between the two sides formally ended in 1994.|archive-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004115811/https://eurasianet.org/as-fighting-rages-what-is-azerbaijans-goal |url-status=live}}</ref> with the primary goal of reclaiming the less mountainous districts of southern Nagorno-Karabakh, which were easier to take than the region's well-fortified interior.<ref name="eadaily_021020"/> The war was marked by the deployment of [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|drones]], sensors, long-range heavy artillery<ref name=":2">{{cite web|last=Gatopoulos|first=Alex|title=The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is ushering in a new age of warfare|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2020/10/11/nagorno-karabakh-conflict-ushering-in-new-age-of-warfare|access-date=2020-10-15|website=aljazeera.com}}</ref> and [[missile]] strikes, as well as by state propaganda and the use of official social media accounts in online [[information warfare]].<ref name=":9">{{cite news|last=Mirovalev|first=Mansur|date=15 October 2020|title=Armenia, Azerbaijan battle an online war over Nagorno-Karabakh|agency=Al Jazeera|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2020/10/15/karabakh-info-war}}</ref> Total casualties on both sides may be in the low thousands.<ref name=":4"/> Numerous countries and the [[United Nations]] strongly condemned the fighting and called on both sides to de-escalate tensions and resume meaningful negotiations without delay.<ref name="f24_300920">{{cite web |date=2020-09-30|title=UN Security Council calls for immediate end to fighting in Nagorno-Karabakh|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200930-un-security-council-calls-for-immediate-end-to-fighting-in-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=2020-09-30|agency=Associated Press|website=france24.com|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009133111/https://www.france24.com/en/20200930-un-security-council-calls-for-immediate-end-to-fighting-in-nagorno-karabakh|url-status=live}}</ref> Three ceasefires brokered by Russia, France, and the United States failed to stop the fighting.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hovhannisyan|first1=Nvard |last2=Bagirova|first2=Nailia|date=2020-10-13 |title=Nagorno-Karabakh conflict unacceptable: EU|agency=The Canberra Times|url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/6991293/nagorno-karabakh-conflict-unacceptable-eu/?cs=14232|access-date=2020-11-17}}</ref> Following [[Battle of Shusha (2020)|the capture]] of [[Shusha]], the second-largest settlement in Nagorno-Karabakh, a [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement|ceasefire agreement]] was signed between the President of Azerbaijan, [[Ilham Aliyev]], the Prime Minister of Armenia, [[Nikol Pashinyan]], and the President of Russia, [[Vladimir Putin]], ending all hostilities in the area from 00:00, 10 November 2020 [[Moscow Time]].<ref name="RIANovosti">{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20201110/karabakh-1583847112.html|title=Путин выступил с заявлением о прекращении огня в Карабахе|date=9 November 2020|access-date=9 November 2020|agency=RIA Novosti|language=ru}}</ref><ref name="RIA Novosti">{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20201110/karabakh-1583845291.html|title=Пашинян заявил о прекращении боевых действий в Карабахе|date=9 November 2020|access-date=9 November 2020|agency=RIA Novosti|language=ru}}</ref><ref name=":18">{{cite news|date=2020-11-10|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Russia deploys peacekeeping troops to region|work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54885906|access-date=2020-11-11}}</ref> The President of Artsakh, [[Arayik Harutyunyan]], also agreed to end the hostilities.<ref name="ria.ru">{{cite web |url=https://ria.ru/20201110/karabakh-1583847338.html|title=Президент непризнанной НКР дал согласие закончить войну|date=9 November 2020|access-date=9 November 2020|agency=RIA Novosti|language=ru}}</ref> Under the agreement, the warring sides will keep control of their currently held areas within Nagorno-Karabakh, while Armenia will return the surrounding territories it occupied in 1994 to Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan will also gain land access to its [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchivan]] exclave bordering [[Turkey]] and [[Iran]].<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/09/world/middleeast/armenia-settlement-nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan.html</ref> Approximately 2,000 Russian soldiers will be deployed as peacekeeping forces along the Lachin corridor between Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh for a mandate of at least five years.<ref name="peace"/> According to the Azerbaijani Defense Ministry, the ceasefire was breached on 26 November, in the village of [[Sor, Azerbaijan|Sor]], and reported that three Azerbaijani servicemen were killed and two were wounded in an Armenian attack. Also, according to the Azerbaijani authorities, on 8 December, one Azerbaijani serviceman was killed and an [[Azercell]] employee was seriously injured during the installation of communication facilities and transmission equipment near [[Hadrut]].<ref name="bbchadrut" /> The first major breach of the ceasefire that was confirmed by the Russian peacekeeping forces in the region occurred on 11 December, near [[Hadrut]]. [[Çaylaqqala|Khtsaberd]] (Çaylaqqala), [[Köhnə Tağlar|Hin Tagher]] (Köhnə Tağlar) villages, as well as the [[Katarovank]] monastery had become an Artsakh holdout in the [[Hadrut Province]] during the war.<ref name=CNDec12>[https://www.civilnet.am/news/2020/12/03/A-Piece-of-Hadrut-Remains-Armenian/411299 CIVILNET – A Piece of Hadrut Remains Armenian]</ref> [[#Post-ceasefire clashes|Clashes]] erupted around the Armenian holdout pocket despite the [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement|ceasefire agreement]], and it has been reported that the Azerbaijani forces seized control of Hin Tagher on 12 December, with some clashes continuing in the area.<ref name=AzbarezDec13>[http://asbarez.com/199167/president-sarkissian-says-government-has-not-provided-satisfactory-explanation-about-attacks-on-hadrut/ President Sarkissian Says Government Has Not ‘Provided Satisfactory Explanation’ About Attacks on Hadrut]</ref><ref name=RFERLDec13>[https://www.rferl.org/a/azerbaijan-says-four-soldiers-killed-amid-cease-fire-violations-in-nagorno-karabakh/30998371.html Azerbaijan Says Four Soldiers Killed Amid Cease-Fire Violations In Nagorno-Karabakh]</ref><ref name="hadrutcontrol" /> Later, Artsakh authorities confirmed that six of their servicemen had been injured.<ref name="hadrutaljazeera" /> Both sides accused each other of reigniting the conflict. The Russian peacekeeping forces requested both sides to respect the ceasefire.<ref name="hadrutscmp" /> On 13 December, the Russian peacekeeping contingent took control of Hin Tagher.<ref name="russiatagher" /> However, the next day, the Russian Ministry of Defence released a map showing both villages outside of the borders of the peacekeeping mission,<ref name="infografika" /> and both came under Azerbaijan's control.<ref name="bbcvillages">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/azerbaijan-55253513 |title=Hadrutun iki kəndi yenidən Azərbaycanın nəzarətindədir |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=13 December 2020 |website=bbc.com |publisher=BBC Azeri service |access-date=17 December 2020 |quote=}}</ref> {{TOC limit}} == Background == {{further|History of Nagorno-Karabakh}} The territorial ownership of Nagorno-Karabakh is fiercely contested between Armenians and Azerbaijanis. The [[Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|current conflict]] has its roots in events following [[World War I]] and today the region is ''[[de jure]]'' part of Azerbaijan, although large parts are ''[[de facto]]'' held by the internationally unrecognised [[Republic of Artsakh]], which is supported by Armenia.<ref>{{cite news|date=2016-04-06|title=Nagorno-Karabakh profile|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-18270325|access-date=2020-10-06}}</ref> ===Soviet era=== {{main|Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast}} During the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] era, the predmoninantly Armenian-populated region was governed as an [[Autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union|autonomous oblast]] within the [[Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic|Azerbaijan SSR]].<ref>{{cite web |title=UNHCR publication for CIS Conference (Displacement in the CIS) – Conflicts in the Caucasus |url=https://www.unhcr.org/publications/refugeemag/3b5583fd4/unhcr-publication-cis-conference-displacement-cis-conflicts-caucasus.html |website=UNHCR |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |access-date=18 November 2020 |date=1 May 1996 |quote=This mountain enclave, mostly inhabited by people of Armenian language and origin, had been placed under Azerbaijan’s jurisdiction in the 1920s, and was entirely surrounded by villages populated by Azeris.}}</ref> As the [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|Soviet Union began to disintegrate]] during the late 1980s the question of Nagorno-Karabakh's status re-emerged, and on 20 February 1988 the parliament of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast passed a resolution requesting transfer of the oblast from the Azerbaijan SSR to the [[Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic|Armenian SSR]]. Azerbaijan rejected the request several times,<ref name=":11"/> and ethnic violence began shortly thereafter with a series of pogroms between 1988 and 1990 against Armenians in [[Sumgait pogrom|Sumgait]], [[Kirovabad pogrom|Ganja]] and [[Baku pogrom|Baku]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.economist.com/europe/2020/10/29/the-fighting-in-nagorno-karabakh-reflects-decades-of-conflict|title=The fighting in Nagorno-Karabakh reflects decades of conflict|via=The Economist}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=de Waal|first=Thomas|title=Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War|title-link=Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War|publisher=New York University Press|year=2003|isbn=978-0-8147-1945-9|location=New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/blackgardenarmen00waal/page/n104 90]|quote=Around ninety Armenians died in the Baku pogroms.|author-link=Thomas de Waal}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-11-27-mn-1060-story.html|title=Soviet Tells of Blocking Slaughter of Armenians: General Reports His Soldiers Have Suppressed Dozens of Massacre Attempts by Azerbaijanis|date=27 November 1988|work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Broers|first=Laurence|title=Armenia and Azerbaijan: Anatomy of Rivalry|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=2019|isbn=978-1-4744-5055-3|location=Edinburgh|page=18|quote=Armenians see the campaign that emerged in 1987 to unify Karabakh and Armenia as peaceful, yet met with organized pogroms killing dozens of Armenians in the Azerbaijani cities of Sumgait, Kirovabad (today's Ganja) and Baku in 1988–1990.}}</ref> and against Azerbaijanis in [[Gugark massacre|Gugark]] and [[1988 violence in Shusha and Stepanakert|Stepanakert]].<ref name="nytgugark" /><ref name="bbcpogrom" /><ref name="trud" /><ref name="kavkazpogrom" /> Following the [[Law on Abolishment of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast|revocation of Nagorno-Karabakh's autonomous status]], a [[1991 Nagorno-Karabakh independence referendum|referendum]] was held in the region on 10 December 1991. The referendum was boycotted by the Azerbaijani population, which then constituted around 22.8% of the region's population; 99.8% of participants voted in favor. In early 1992, following the Soviet Union's collapse, the region descended into outright war.<ref name=":11">{{cite book|last=De Waal|first=Thomas |url=https://catalogue.solent.ac.uk/openurl/44SSU_INST/44SSU_INST:VU1?u.ignore_date_coverage=true&rft.mms_id=9997123365104796|title=Black Garden Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War, 10th Year Anniversary Edition, Revised and Updated|date=2013|isbn=978-0-8147-7082-5|oclc=1154881834}}</ref> ===First Nagorno-Karabakh War=== {{main|First Nagorno-Karabakh War}} The [[First Nagorno-Karabakh War]] resulted in the displacement of approximately 725,000 Azerbaijanis and 300,000–500,000 Armenians from both Azerbaijan and Armenia.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Haider |first1=Hans |title=Gefährliche Töne im "Frozen War" |url=https://www.wienerzeitung.at/nachrichten/welt-europa/weltpolitik/513109_Gefaehrliche-Toene-im-Frozen-War.html |access-date=18 November 2020 |work=Wiener Zeitung |date=2 January 2013 |language=de}}</ref> The 1994 [[Bishkek Protocol]] brought the fighting to an end and resulted in significant Armenian territorial gains: in addition to controlling most of Nagorno-Karabakh, the Republic of Artsakh also occupied the surrounding Azerbaijani populated districts of [[Agdam District|Agdam]], [[Jabrayil District|Jabrayil]], [[Fuzuli District|Fuzuli]], [[Kalbajar District|Kalbajar]], [[Qubadli District|Qubadli]], [[Lachin District|Lachin]] and [[Zangilan District|Zangilan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Military occupation of Azerbaijan by Armenia|url=http://www.rulac.org/browse/conflicts/military-occupation-of-azerbaijan-by-armenia|access-date=27 September 2020|publisher=Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts Project}}</ref> The terms of the Bishkek agreement produced a [[frozen conflict]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Grant |first1=Stan |title=A hundred-year 'frozen conflict' has restarted — and it's a pattern we've seen before |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-09-30/armenia-azerbaijan-conflict-represents-a-war-of-identity/12713140 |access-date=18 November 2020 |work=ABC News (Australia) |date=29 September 2020 |language=en-AU}}</ref> and long-standing international mediation attempts to create a peace process were initiated by the [[OSCE Minsk Group]] in 1994, with the interrupted [[Madrid Principles]] being the most recent iteration prior to the 2020 war.<ref>{{cite web|last=Palmer|first=James|title=Why Are Armenia and Azerbaijan Heading to War?|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/09/28/why-are-armenia-azerbaijan-heading-to-war-nagorno-karabakh/|access-date=2020-10-08|publisher=Foreign Policy}}</ref><ref name="MinskGroup_2Oct2020">{{cite web|title=Statement by the Co-Chairs of the OSCE Minsk Group |author=OSCE Minsk Group|url=https://www.osce.org/minsk-group/465711|date=2020-10-02|access-date=2020-10-09|publisher=Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019120749/https://www.osce.org/minsk-group/465711|archive-date=2020-10-19|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[United Nations Security Council]] adopted [[List of United Nations Security Council resolutions on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|four resolutions]] in 1993 calling for the withdrawal of "occupying forces" from the territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh,<ref>Resolutions 822, 853, 874 and 884: * {{cite web|url=http://unscr.com/files/1993/00822.pdf|title=Resolution 822 (1993)|date=30 April 1993|website=unscr.com|publisher=United Nations Security Council}} * {{cite web|url=http://unscr.com/files/1993/00853.pdf|title=Resolution 853 (1993)|date=29 July 1993|website=unscr.com|publisher=United Nations Security Council}} * {{cite web|url=http://unscr.com/files/1993/00874.pdf|title=Resolution 874 (1993)|date=14 October 1993|website=unscr.com|publisher=United Nations Security Council}} * {{cite web|url=http://unscr.com/files/1993/00884.pdf|date=12 November 1993 |title=Resolution 884 (1993)|website=unscr.com|publisher=United Nations Security Council}}</ref> and in 2008 the [[United Nations General Assembly|General Assembly]] adopted [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 62/243|a resolution]] demanding the immediate withdrawal of Armenian occupying forces,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2008/ga10693.doc.htm|title=General Assembly adopts resolution reaffirming territorial integrity of Azerbaijan, demanding withdrawal of all Armenian forces|date=14 March 2008 |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> although the co-chairs of the OSCE Minsk Group, Russia, France and USA, voted against it.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://undocs.org/en/A/62/PV.86|title=United Nations A/62/PV.86 General Assembly Sixty-second session|date=2008-03-14|website=undocs.org|publisher=United Nations}}</ref> ===Frozen conflict=== {{main|Nagorno-Karabakh conflict}} {{see also|July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes}} For three decades multiple violations of the ceasefire occurred, the most serious being the four-day [[2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]].<ref name="diplomatie_150720"/> Surveys indicated that the inhabitants of Nagorno-Karabakh did not want to be part of Azerbaijan, and in August 2019, in a declaration in favour of unification, the Armenian prime minister Nikol Pashinyan stated "Artsakh is Armenia, full stop".<ref name=":15">{{cite web|last1=Toal|first1=Gerard |last2=O’Loughlin|first2=John|last3=Bakke|first3=Kristin M.|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: what do residents of the contested territory want for their future?|url=http://theconversation.com/nagorno-karabakh-what-do-residents-of-the-contested-territory-want-for-their-future-147690|access-date=2020-10-15|publisher=The Conversation}}</ref> Further [[July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes|skirmishes]] occurred on the [[Armenia–Azerbaijan border|border between Armenia and Azerbaijan]] in July 2020.<ref name="diplomatie_150720">{{cite web |title=Armenia/Azerbaijan – Border clashes between the two countries (15 July 2020)|url=https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/armenia/news/article/armenia-azerbaijan-border-clashes-between-the-two-countries-15-jul-2020|publisher=Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs (France)|access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref> Thousands of Azerbaijanis demonstrated for war against Armenia in response, and Turkey voiced its firm support for Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Weise|first1=Zia|last2=Cienski|first2=Jan|last3=Herszenhorn|first3=David M.|date=28 September 2020|title=The Armenia–Azerbaijan conflict explained |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/the-nagorno-karabakh-conflict-explained-armenia-azerbaijan/|publisher=Politico|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> On 29 July 2020, Azerbaijan conducted a series of [[military exercise]]s that lasted from 29 July to 10 August 2020,<ref>{{cite web|title=Игра мускулами: зачем Азербайджан проводит учения с Турцией |url=https://www.gazeta.ru/politics/2020/07/28_a_13168861.shtml|access-date=27 September 2020|website=gazeta.Ru|language=ru}}</ref> followed by further exercises in early September with the involvement of Turkey.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/diplomacy/turkey-azerbaijan-military-drills-intimidate-armenia-president-aliyev-says|title=Turkey-Azerbaijan military drills intimidate Armenia, President Aliyev says|publisher=Daily Sabah|date=20 September 2020|access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref> Prior to the resumption of hostilities, allegations emerged that Turkey had facilitated the transfer of hundreds of [[Syrian National Army]] members from the [[Hamza Division (Aleppo)|Hamza Division]] to Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web |first=Ron|last=Synovitz|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/are-syrian-mercenaries-helping-azerbaijan-fight-for-nagorno-karabakh-/30895331.html|title=Are Syrian Mercenaries Helping Azerbaijan Fight For Nagorno-Karabakh?|publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|date=15 October 2020|access-date=22 October 2020|archive-url=https://archive.is/llvdP|archive-date=22 October 2020}}</ref> The government of Azerbaijan denied the involvement of foreign fighters.<ref>{{cite web|date=3 October 2020|title=Azerbaijani President: There is not a single evidence of any foreign presence in Azerbaijan |url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Azerbaijani-President:-There-is-not-a-single-evidence-of-any-foreign-presence-in-Azerbaijan-331951|access-date=3 October 2020|website=apa.az|quote=There is not a single evidence of any foreign presence in Azerbaijan. We have capable army. We have enough people in our army, we have enough people in our reserves. I announced a partial mobilization, which will allow us to involve tens of thousands of reservists. If necessary, so we don't need it. Armenia needs it, because Armenian population is declining. And it is only two million people.}}</ref> == Course of the conflict == {{main|Timeline of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war}} === Overview === [[File:September 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes.png|thumb|right|Approximate frontlines at the time of the ceasefire, with Azerbaijan's territorial gains during the war in red, the Lachin corridor under Russian peacekeepers in blue, and areas returned by Armenia to Azerbaijan hashed.]] The accounts of engagements in this conflict rely primarily on official statements from belligerents.{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}} The engagements have been characterized by the use of [[armoured warfare]]; [[Drone strike|drone warfare]],<ref name=":6">{{cite news|title=The Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict hints at the future of war|journal=The Economist : United Kingdom|publisher=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/europe/2020/10/10/the-azerbaijan-armenia-conflict-hints-at-the-future-of-war|access-date=2020-10-09|issn=0013-0613}}</ref> especially the use of Turkish-made [[Bayraktar TB2]] and [[Israel]]i [[loitering munition]] Harop drones;<ref name=":4"/><ref name=":2"/> [[Artillery|heavy artillery]]; [[rocket]] attacks; and [[trench warfare]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}} Throughout the campaign, Azerbaijan has relied heavily on drones to strike at Armenian/Artsakh forces, and managed to inflict heavy losses. Having successfully targeted tanks, artillery, and air defense systems, Azerbaijani drones also began targeting units of soldiers. However, some Azerbaijani drones were shot down.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bulos|first=Nabih|date=2020-10-15|title=A new weapon complicates an old war in Nagorno-Karabakh|url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-10-15/drones-complicates-war-armenia-azerbaijan-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=2020-10-28|newspaper=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref name=":12"/> It has also featured the deployment of [[cluster munition]]s, which are [[Convention on Cluster Munitions|banned by the majority of the international community]] but not by Armenia or Azerbaijan:<ref>{{cite web|title=United Nations Treaty Collection|url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-6&chapter=26&lang=en|access-date=2020-10-05|website=treaties.un.org|archive-date=2020-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618150323/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-6&chapter=26&lang=en|url-status=live}}</ref> international third parties have confirmed that Armenia had deployed cluster munitions on civilian-populated areas outside of the conflict zone,<ref name="hrw" /> and international third parties have confirmed evidence of Azerbaijan's use of cluster munitions against civilian areas of Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: Civilians must be protected from use of banned cluster bombs|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/10/armenia-azerbaijan-civilians-must-be-protected-from-use-of-banned-cluster-bombs/|access-date=2020-10-25|website=amnesty.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Freeman|first=Colin|date=2020-10-05|title=Azerbaijan dropping cluster bombs on civilian areas in war with Armenia|journal=Daily Telegraph|publisher=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/10/05/azerbaijan-dropping-cluster-bombs-civilian-areas-war-armenia/|access-date=2020-10-25|issn=0307-1235}}</ref> A series of attacks have inflicted mass civilian casualties in [[Ganja, Azerbaijan]], while civilian residences and infrastructure in [[Stepanakert]], Artsakh's capital, and elsewhere have been targeted, inflicting casualties and causing extensive damage.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hauer|first=Neil|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Sirens, shelling and shelters in Stepanakert|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/16/nagorno-karabakh-sirens-shelling-and-shelters-in-stepanakert|access-date=2020-10-19|website=aljazeera.com}}</ref> Disinformation and misinformation have accompanied the conflict.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-10-26|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: The Armenian-Azeri 'information wars'|work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54614392|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref> The amount of territory contested is relatively restricted, but the conflict has expanded beyond the borders of Nagorno-Karabakh due to the level of conflict and kind of munitions deployed and spilled over international borders. Shells and rockets have landed in [[East Azerbaijan Province]] in [[Iran]], although causing no damage,<ref>{{cite news|last=Hashemzadeh|first=Mehri|title=اصابت راکت به روستای خلف بیگلو خسارت مالی و جانی نداشت|date=27 September 2020|url=https://www.isna.ir/news/99070604539/|editor-last=Teymouri|editor-first=Robab|publisher=Iranian Students News Agency|language=fa|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rocket attack on northwest of Iran border|publisher=Islamic World News|url=https://english.iswnews.com/15568/rocket-attack-on-northwest-of-iran-border/|access-date=2020-10-01|archive-date=2020-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002122159/https://english.iswnews.com/15568/rocket-attack-on-northwest-of-iran-border/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and Iran has reported several unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) downed or crashed within its territory,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jewishpress.com/news/middle-east/iran-news/iran-reports-crash-of-israeli-made-azeri-drone-in-clashes-with-armenia/2020/10/13/|title=Iran Reports Crash of Israeli-Made Azeri Drone in Clashes with Armenia|date=13 October 2020|publisher=Jewish Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Geopolitics.news|date=2020-09-30|title=Iran shoots down suspected Azerbaijani drone|url=https://geopolitics.news/euroasia/iran-shoots-down-suspected-azerbaijani-drone/|access-date=2020-10-05|publisher=Geopolitics News|archive-date=2020-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010123414/https://geopolitics.news/euroasia/iran-shoots-down-suspected-azerbaijani-drone/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|title='Мы предупреждали Алиева!': Иран сбил азербайджанский военный самолёт|url=https://avia.pro/news/my-preduprezhdali-alieva-iran-sbil-azerbaydzhanskiy-voennyy-samolyot|access-date=2020-10-05|website=avia.pro|archive-date=2020-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002115459/https://avia.pro/news/my-preduprezhdali-alieva-iran-sbil-azerbaydzhanskiy-voennyy-samolyot|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Desk|date=2020-09-29|title=Iran confirms its air defenses shot down foreign drone in East Azerbaijan|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/iran-confirms-its-air-defenses-shot-down-foreign-drone-in-east-azerbaijan/|access-date=2020-09-30|publisher=Al-Masdar News|archive-date=2020-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003072747/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/iran-confirms-its-air-defenses-shot-down-foreign-drone-in-east-azerbaijan/|url-status=live}}</ref> while Georgia stated that two UAVs had crashed in [[Kakheti|Kakheti Province]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://police.ge/en/shinagan-saqmeta-saministros-gantskhadeba/14025|title=Statement of the Ministry of Internal Affairs|publisher=Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia|access-date=7 October 2020|date=7 October 2020|archive-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010123414/https://police.ge/en/shinagan-saqmeta-saministros-gantskhadeba/14025|url-status=live}}</ref> The conflict began with an Azerbaijani ground offensive that included armored formations, supported by artillery and drones, including [[loitering munition]]s. Armenian and Artsakh troops were forced back from their first line of defense in Artsakh's southeast and northern regions, but inflicted significant losses on Azerbaijani armored formations with anti-tank guided missiles and artillery, destroying dozens of vehicles. Azerbaijan made heavy use of drones in strikes against Armenian air defenses, taking out 13 short-range surface-to-air missile systems. Azerbaijani forces used drones to systematically isolate and destroy Armenian/Artsakh positions. Reconnaisance drones would locate a military position on the front lines and the placement of reserve forces, after which the position would be shelled along with roads and bridges that could potentially be used by the reserves to reach the position. After the Armenian/Artsakh position had been extensively shelled and cut off from reinforcement, the Azerbaijanis would move in superior forces to overwhelm it. This tactic was repeatedly used to gradually overrun Armenian and Artsakh positions.<ref name=ecfr/> Azerbaijani troops managed to make limited gains in the south in the first three days of the conflict. For the next three days, both sides largely exchanged fire from fixed positions. In the north, Armenian/Artsakh forces counterattacked, managing to retake some ground. Their largest counterattack took place on the fourth day, but incurred heavy losses when their armor and artillery units were exposed to Azerbaijani attack drones, loitering munitions, and reconnaissance drones spotting for Azerbaijani artillery as they maneuvered in the open.<ref name="warontherocks">{{cite web|date=2020-10-14|title=The Second Nagorno-Karabakh War, Two Weeks In |url=http://warontherocks.com/2020/10/the-second-nagorno-karabakh-war-two-weeks-in/|access-date=2020-10-16|publisher=War on the Rocks}}</ref> On the sixth day, Azerbaijan and Armenia/Artsakh began trading missile and rocket artillery strikes against infrastructure. Among the targets hit were [[Stepanakert]], the capital of Artsakh, which was repeatedly shelled with rocket artillery, a bridge linking Armenia with Nagorno-Karabakh, which was taken out in a missile strike, and [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]], which was hit [[2020 Ganja ballistic missile attacks|four times]] by Armenian and Artsakh missiles, with [[Ganja International Airport]] among the targets. On the morning of the seventh day, Azerbaijan launched a major offensive. The Azerbaijani Army's First, Second, and Third Army Corps, reinforced by reservists from the Fourth Army Corps, began an advance in the north, making some territorial gains, but the Azerbaijani advance stalled.<ref name=warontherocks/> Most of the fighting subsequently shifted to the south, in terrain that is relatively flat and underpopulated as compared to the mountainous north. Azerbaijani forces [[Aras Valley campaign|launched offensives]] toward [[Jabrayil]] and [[Füzuli (city)|Füzuli]], managing to break through the multi-layered Armenian/Artsakh defensive lines and recapture a stretch of territory held by Armenian troops as a buffer zone, but the fighting subsequently stalled.<ref name=warontherocks/> After the shelling of [[Khojavend (town)|Khojavend (Martuni)]],<ref>{{cite news|date=15 October 2020|title=Taking Up Arms in Nagorno-Karabackh|publisher=Bloomberg|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2020-10-15/taking-up-arms-in-nagorno-karabackh-video}}</ref> Artsakh authorities began mobilizing civilians.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-15|title=Nagorno-Karabakh volunteers get weapons as clashes intensify|url=https://apnews.com/article/azerbaijan-armenia-c016829766e7f8a84708be53b6fcef21|access-date=2020-10-15|agency=AP NEWS}}</ref> Just before 04:00 (00:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]) on 10 October 2020, Russia reported that both Armenia and Azerbaijan had agreed on a humanitarian ceasefire after ten hours of talks in Moscow (the Moscow Statement) and announced that both would enter "substantive" talks.{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}} After the declared ceasefire, the President of Artsakh admitted Azerbaijan had been able to achieve some success, moving the front deep into Artsakh territory;<ref name="movingdeeper">{{cite news|date=2020-10-14|title=Конфликт в Карабахе: Азербайджан ударил по территории Армении|language=ru|publisher=BBC Russian Service|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f86c247c4548e02bf3cb153%26%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%20%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8F%20%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%8F%3A%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%20%D0%9D%D0%9A%D0%A0%262020-10-14T09%3A18%3A00.674Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:189add94-ce6d-4bcb-898a-6fb236258776&pinned_post_asset_id=5f86c247c4548e02bf3cb153&pinned_post_type=share|access-date=2020-10-14}}</ref> the Armenian Prime Minister announced that Armenian forces had conducted a "partial retreat".<ref name="partialretreat">{{cite web|date=2020-10-14|title=Пашинян заявил о частичном отступлении в Карабахе|url=https://ria.ru/20201014/karabakh-1579764261.html?fbclid=IwAR1orDnUuP25us0xGeYB0iY1EC-cMLDYWhGS0pm3KwNlDjYLSQT3gCXLCoY|access-date=2020-10-15|publisher=RIA Novosti|language=ru}}</ref> The ceasefire quickly broke down and the Azerbaijani advance continued. Within days Azerbaijan announced the capture of dozens of villages on the southern front.<ref>Chiragov, Fuad: [https://jamestown.org/program/azerbaijan-makes-strategic-advances-along-karabakhs-northern-southern-flanks/ Azerbaijan Makes Strategic Advances Along Karabakh’s Northern, Southern Flanks] – ''[[The Jamestown Foundation]]''</ref> A second ceasefire attempt midnight 17 October 2020 was also ignored.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54686682?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f971bd849467302d61cdec7%26%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B%20%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%20%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%20%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%20%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE%20%D0%B8%D0%B7%20%D0%B2%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%262020-10-26T18%3A56%3A26.219Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:99078f11-17be-44e3-9acc-d586b733b3fe&pinned_post_asset_id=5f971bd849467302d61cdec7&pinned_post_type=share|title=Минобороны Азербайджана опубликовало еще одно видео из взятого села|date=26 October 2020|access-date=26 October 2020 |publisher=BBC Russian Service|language=ru}}</ref> Azerbaijan announced the capture of Jabrayil on 9 October 2020 and Füzuli on 17 October 2020. Azerbaijani troops also captured the [[Khoda Afarin Dam]] and [[Khodaafarin Bridges]]. Azerbaijan announced that the border area with Iran was fully secured with the capture of Agbend on 22 October 2020.<ref>{{cite web|title=Azerbaijan claims "full control" of border with Iran|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/international/article/azerbaijan-claims-full-control-of-border-with-iran/671484|access-date=2020-10-28|website=timesnownews.com}}</ref> Azerbaijani forces then turned northwest, [[Lachin offensive|advancing towards the Lachin corridor]], the sole highway between Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh, putting it within artillery range. According to Artsakh, a counterattack repelled forward elements of the Azerbaijani force and pushed them back. Armenian/Artsakh resistance had managed to halt the Azerbaijani advance to within 25 kilometers of the Lachin corridor by 26 October 2020. Artsakh troops who had retreated into the mountains and forests began launching small-unit attacks against exposed Azerbaijani infantry and armor, and Armenian forces launched a counteroffensive near the far southwestern border between Armenia and Azerbaijan.<ref>[https://asiatimes.com/2020/10/azerbaijans-next-move-will-make-or-break-karabakh-war/ Azerbaijan's next move will make or break Karabakh war] – Asia Times</ref> On 26 October 2020, a US-brokered ceasefire came into effect, but fighting resumed within minutes.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54686284 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: US-brokered ceasefire frays soon after starting] – BBC News</ref><ref>[https://www.forbes.com/sites/sebastienroblin/2020/10/26/despite-ceasefire-fate-of-the-nagorno-karabakh-may-turn-on-the-lachin-corridor/ Despite Ceasefire, Fate Of The Nagorno-Karabakh May Turn On The Lachin Corridor] – Roblin, Sebastien: Forbes</ref> Three days later, the Artsakh authorities stated that the Azerbaijani forces were {{cvt|5|km}} from [[Shusha]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54686682?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f9ae1e749467302d61ce2af%26%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%20%D0%9D%D0%9A%D0%A0%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%2C%20%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%20%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%20-%20%D0%B2%20%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%20%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%20%D0%BE%D1%82%20%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B8%262020-10-29T15%3A38%3A16.880Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:083b4e4a-bb84-48ca-8f7b-15c5cd831799&pinned_post_asset_id=5f9ae1e749467302d61ce2af&pinned_post_type=share|title=Глава НКР заявил, что азербайджанская армия – в пяти километрах от Шуши|date=29 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020|publisher=BBC Russian Service|language=ru}}</ref> On 8 November 2020, Azerbaijani forces [[Battle of Shusha (2020)|seized Shusha]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ft.com/content/c9dab829-3b4a-4464-a0c3-4d5c51aa1b0e|title= Azerbaijan captures strategic city in Nagorno-Karabakh|date=9 November 2020|publisher=Financial Times}}</ref> the second-largest city in Artsakh before the war, located 15 kilometers from [[Stepanakert]], the republic's capital.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hovhannisyan|first1=Nvard|last2=Bagirova|first2=Nailia|date=2020-11-09|title=Fierce fighting in Nagorno-Karabakh after Azeris say they advance|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan/fighting-rages-around-strategic-city-in-nagorno-karabakh-armenia-says-idUSKBN27P1FL |access-date=2020-11-09}}</ref> === Ceasefire agreement === {{main|2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement}} [[File:2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire map.svg|thumb|upright=1.2|Map of the ceasefire agreement {{legend|#B0EBA1|Azerbaijan outside of the conflict zone}} {{legend|#FFB380|Armenia}} {{legend|#37C871|Areas recaptured by Azerbaijan during the war, to stay under its control}} {{legend|#AFE9DD|[[Agdam District]]: evacuated by Armenia by 20 November<ref name="DW-NK">{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/nagorno-karabakh-azeri-army-enters-first-territory-ceded-by-armenia/a-55671735|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Azeri army enters first territory ceded by Armenia|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]|website=[[DW.com]]|date=20 November 2020|access-date=23 November 2020|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="AlJ-NK">{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/20/azerbaijan-army-enters-district-handed-over-by-armenia|title=Azerbaijan enters Nagorno-Karabakh district after peace deal|publisher=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]|website=[[aljazeera.com|AlJazeera.com]]|date=20 November 2020|access-date=23 November 2020|df=dmy-all}}</ref>}} {{legend|#87DECD|[[Kalbajar District]]: evacuated by Armenia by 25 November<ref name="RadioFree">{{cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/azerbaijani-forces-enter-second-district-returned-by-armenia-under-nagorno-karabakh-truce/30967755.html|title=Azerbaijani Forces Reclaim Second District From Armenians Under Nagorno-Karabakh Truce|website=[[RFERL.org]]|publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]|language=en|date=25 November 2020|access-date=25 November 2020|df=dmy-all}}</ref>}} {{legend|#D7F4EE|[[Lachin District]]: evacuated by Armenia by 1 December<ref name="enteredlachin">{{cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/azerbaijani-forces-enter-third-district-under-nagorno-karabakh-truce/30977052.html |title=Azerbaijani Forces Enter Third District Under Nagorno-Karabakh Truce |language=en |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 December 2020 |website=[[RFERL.org]] |publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] }}</ref>}} {{legend|#FFCCAA|Part of [[Nagorno-Karabakh]] with no scheduled cession to Azerbaijan}} {{legend|#BA8895|Lachin corridor, monitored by Russian peacekeepers}} {{legend-line|darkred solid 2px|Access roads into Nagorno-Karabakh}} {{legend-line|lightgreen solid 2px|New Azerbaijani transport corridor to be established}} {{legend-line|black dotted 2px|[[Nagorno-Karabakh Line of Contact|Line of contact]] before the 2020 conflict.}} {{legend-line|black dashed 1.5px|Other areas claimed by Artsakh}} ]] On 9 November 2020, in the aftermath of the capture of Shusha, a ceasefire agreement was signed by the President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, the Prime Minister of Armenia, Nikol Pashinyan, and the President of Russia, Vladimir Putin, ending all hostilities in the zone of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict from 10 November 2020, 00:00 Moscow time.<ref name="RIANovosti"/><ref name="RIA Novosti"/><ref name=":18"/> The President of Artsakh, Arayik Harutyunyan, also agreed to end the hostilities.<ref name="ria.ru"/> Under the terms of the deal, both belligerent parties were to exchange prisoners of war and the bodies of the fallen. Furthermore, Armenian forces were to withdraw from Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh by 1 December 2020, while a peacekeeping force, provided by the [[Russian Ground Forces]] and led by Lieutenant General [[Rustam Muradov]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.turan.az/ext/news/2020/11/free/politics%20news/en/129784.htm|title=General Rustam Muradov is appointed Commander of Russian peacekeepers in Karabakh|date=11 November 2020|access-date=11 November 2020|publisher=Turan Information Agency}}</ref> of just under 2,000 soldiers would be deployed for a minimum of five years along the line of contact and the Lachin corridor linking Armenia and the Nagorno-Karabakh region. Additionally, Armenia undertook to "guarantee safety" of passage between Azerbaijan′s [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchivan]] exclave and mainland Azerbaijan in both directions, while Russia′s [[Border Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation|border troops]] (under the [[Federal Security Service]]) were to "exercise control over the transport communication".<ref name="kremlinagreem">{{cite news|date=10 November 2020|title=Заявление Президента Азербайджанской Республики, Премьер-министра Республики Армения и Президента Российской Федерации|publisher=[[Kremlin.ru]]|language=ru|url=http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/64384|access-date=15 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="peace2">{{cite web|date=10 November 2020|title=Пашинян заявляет о подписании мирного соглашения |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54686682?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fa9bb8967645202b6c4e0c2%26%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BD%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82%20%D0%BE%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%262020-11-09T21%3A58%3A34.129Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:cff55216-dfba-4dc6-9a6a-bdf38d9793c7&pinned_post_asset_id=5fa9bb8967645202b6c4e0c2&pinned_post_type=share|access-date=10 November 2020|publisher=BBC Russian Service|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=10 November 2020|title=Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia sign Nagorno-Karabakh peace deal|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54882564|access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref> On December 15, 2020, after several weeks of cease fire, the sides finally exchanged prisoners of war. 44 Armenian and 12 Azeri prisoners were exchanged.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Armenia, Azerbaijan exchange first prisoners after war|url=https://news.yahoo.com/armenia-azerbaijan-exchange-first-prisoners-143236612.html|access-date=2020-12-15|website=news.yahoo.com|language=en-US}}</ref> It's unclear if more prisoners remain in captivity on either side. === Non-military actions taken by Armenia and Azerbaijan === Since the beginning of the conflict, both Armenia and Azerbaijan declared [[martial law]], limiting the [[freedom of speech]]. Meanwhile, a new law came into effect since October 2020 in Armenia, which prohibits negative coverage of the situation at the front.<ref>{{cite web|first=Dimitri|last=Avaliani|url=https://jam-news.net/karabakh-conflict-news-information-war-journalists-armenia-azerbaijan/|title=The (dis)information war around Karabakh|date=28 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020|publisher=JAM News}}</ref> Restrictions have been reported on the work of international journalists in Azerbaijan, with no corresponding restrictions reported in Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-08|title='France is no longer an honest broker', say Azeri officials ahead of Nagorno-Karabakh talks |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20201008-france-is-no-longer-an-honest-broker-say-azeri-officials-ahead-of-nagorno-karabakh-talks|access-date=2020-10-21|publisher=France 24}}</ref> ==== Armenia ==== [[File:Broadcasting events of the frontline. Republic Square, Yerevan, Armenia.jpg|thumb|right|A pro-military billboard in [[Republic Square, Yerevan|Republic Square]], [[Yerevan]] on 7 October 2020.]] On 28 September 2020, Armenia banned men aged over 18 listed in the mobilization reserve from leaving the country.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://tass.com/armeniaazerbaij-conflict/1206133|title=Armenian cabinet bans all men from mobilization reserve aged over 18 from leaving state|website=tass.com|agency=TASS|access-date=28 September 2020|date=28 September 2020|archive-date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929044004/https://tass.com/armeniaazerbaij-conflict/1206133|url-status=live}}</ref> The next day, it postponed the trial of former President [[Robert Kocharyan]] and other former officials charged in the 2008 post-election unrest case, owing to one of the defendants, the former Defence Minister of Armenia, [[Seyran Ohanyan]], going to Artsakh during the conflict.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029400.html|title=Kocharyan trial delayed as indicted ex-defense minister Seyran Ohanyan heads to Artsakh amid attack|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|access-date=29 September 2020|date=29 September 2020|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930163710/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029400.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On 1 October 2020, the [[National Security Service (Armenia)|Armenian National Security Service]] (NSS) stated that it had arrested and charged a former high-ranking Armenian military official with treason on suspicion of spying for Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029750.html|title=Armenia ex-military official charged with high treason on suspicion of spying for Azeri intelligence |website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|date=1 October 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-date=3 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003145424/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029750.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Three days later, the NSS stated that it had arrested several foreign citizens on suspicion of spying.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1030334.html|title=NSS Armenia arrests foreign citizens on intelligence suspicions|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|date=4 October 2020 |access-date=4 October 2020|archive-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004220058/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1030334.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Protesting [[Israel]]i [[Defense industry of Israel|arms sales]] to Azerbaijan, Armenia has recalled its ambassador to Israel.<ref>{{cite news|date=1 October 2020|title=Armenia recalls ambassador to Israel over arms sales to Azerbaijan|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-israel/armenia-recalls-ambassador-to-israel-over-arms-sales-to-azerbaijan-idUSKBN26M76L|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009224731/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-israel/armenia-recalls-ambassador-to-israel-over-arms-sales-to-azerbaijan-idUSKBN26M76L|url-status=live}}</ref> On 8 October 2020, the [[President of Armenia|Armenian President]], [[Armen Sarkissian]], dismissed the director of the NSS.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1030826.html|title=Director of Armenia's National Security Service dismissed|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|access-date=8 October 2020|date=8 October 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011140742/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1030826.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Subsequently, the Armenian government toughened the martial law and prohibited criticizing state bodies and "propaganda aimed at disruption of the defense capacity of the country".<ref name="armenianmartiallaw">{{cite web|url=https://jam-news.net/armenia-spy-caught-martial-law-toughened/ |title=Stepanakert man detained after convincing soldiers to forfeit positions to Azerbaijani army|publisher=Jam News|date=9 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011140742/https://jam-news.net/armenia-spy-caught-martial-law-toughened/|url-status=live}}</ref> On the same day, the Armenian MoD canceled ''a [[Novaya Gazeta]]'' correspondent's journalistic accreditation, officially for entering Nagorno-Karabakh without accreditation.<ref name="novayagazeta">{{cite web|url=https://meduza.io/amp/news/2020/10/08/mid-armenii-lishil-akkreditatsii-zhurnalista-novoy-gazety-ilyu-azara-posle-reportazha-iz-nagornogo-karabaha|title=МИД Армении лишил аккредитации журналиста "Новой газеты" Илью Азара после репортажа из Нагорного Карабаха |website=meduza.io|date=8 October 2020|access-date=8 October 2020|language=ru|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008203958/https://meduza.io/amp/news/2020/10/08/mid-armenii-lishil-akkreditatsii-zhurnalista-novoy-gazety-ilyu-azara-posle-reportazha-iz-nagornogo-karabaha|url-status=live}}</ref> On 9 October 2020, Armenia tightened its security legislation.<ref name="armenianmartiallaw"/> On 21 October 2020, the Armenian Cabinet of Ministers temporarily banned the import of [[Economy of Turkey|Turkish goods]], the decision will come into force on 31 December 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20201021/armeniya-1580851789.html |title=Правительство Армении запретило импорт турецких товаров|publisher=RIA Novosti|date=21 October 2020|access-date=21 October 2020 |language=ru}}</ref> The following day, the [[National Assembly (Armenia)|Armenian parliament]] passed a law to write off the debts of the Armenian servicemen wounded during the clashes and the debts of the families of those killed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jam-news.net/debts-have-been-written-off-for-the-families-of-servicemen-they-have-also-received-compensation/|title=Debt write-offs for soldiers' families and tax breaks for military service in Armenia|publisher=JAM News|date=22 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> On 27 October 2020, the Armenian president Armen Sarkissian dismissed the head of the counterintelligence department of the National Security Service, Major General Hovhannes Karumyan and the chief of staff of the border troops of the National Security Service Gagik Tevosyan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54686682?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f981b6249467302d61cdf75%26%D0%92%20%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%20%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B8%20%D0%B8%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%262020-10-27T13%3A06%3A43.560Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:6b5f42eb-3695-495e-8f64-5b11e65e4b10&pinned_post_asset_id=5f981b6249467302d61cdf75&pinned_post_type=share|title=В Армении уволены начальник контрразведки и начштаба погранохраны|publisher=BBC Russian Service|date=27 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020|language=ru}}</ref> On 8 November 2020, Sarkissian yet again dismissed the interim head of the National Security Service.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54686682?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fa7ea3249467302d61cf875%26%D0%92%20%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%20%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%20%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%20%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B8%262020-11-08T13%3A12%3A37.907Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:ad1d9282-5442-4b27-821e-159945577a65&pinned_post_asset_id=5fa7ea3249467302d61cf875&pinned_post_type=share|title=В Армении снова уволен глава контрразведки|publisher=BBC Russian Service|date=8 November 2020|access-date=8 November 2020|language=ru}}</ref> As of 8 November 2020, one Armenian activist was fined by the police for his anti-war post.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://oc-media.org/armenian-police-fine-peace-activist-over-anti-war-post/?fbclid=IwAR1H9jdP14q5IghiLF6mmHgK_zHcuu3bzzUaDuu0EpA0Ao1gXjhPvyCss2U|title=Armenian police fine peace activist over anti-war post|publisher=OC Media|date=8 November 2020|access-date=8 November 2020}}</ref> ==== Azerbaijan ==== [[File:Azerbaijani flag in Baku during the conflict in Karabakh 30 (edited).jpg|thumb|right|[[Flag of Azerbaijan|Azerbaijani flag]] in Jafar Jabbarly Square near the [[28 May (Baku Metro)|28 May]] station in [[Baku]] on 10 October 2020.]] On 27 September 2020, Azerbaijani authorities restricted internet access shortly after the clashes began,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://tvrain.ru/news/vlasti_azerbajdzhana_ogranichili_dostup_k_internetu_posle_obstrelov_v_karabahe-516731/|title=Власти Азербайджана ограничили доступ к интернету после обстрелов в Карабахе |website=tvrain.ru|publisher=Dozhd|date=27 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020|language=ru|archive-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004151626/https://tvrain.ru/news/vlasti_azerbajdzhana_ogranichili_dostup_k_internetu_posle_obstrelov_v_karabahe-516731/|url-status=live}}</ref> stating it was "in order to prevent large-scale Armenian provocations." The government made a noticeable push to use [[Twitter]], which was the only unblocked platform in the country. Despite the restrictions, some Azerbaijanis still used [[Virtual private network|VPN]]s to bypass.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/12/04/while-armenia-azerbaijan-fought-over-nagorno-karabakh-their-citizens-battled-social-media/|title=While Armenia and Azerbaijan fought over Nagorno-Karabakh, their citizens battled on social media|work=[[The Washington Post]]|date=4 December 2020|access-date=6 December 2020}}</ref> The [[National Assembly (Azerbaijan)|National Assembly of Azerbaijan]] declared a curfew in [[Baku]], [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]], [[Goygol District|Goygol]], [[Yevlakh District|Yevlakh]] and a number of districts from midnight on 28 September 2020,<ref>{{cite web|title=Azərbaycanda komendant saatı elan olundu|url=https://www.azerbaycan24.com/azerbaycanda-komendant-saati-elan-olundu/|website=azerbaycan24.com|access-date=27 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927135515/https://www.azerbaycan24.com/azerbaycanda-komendant-saati-elan-olundu/ |archive-date=27 September 2020|language=az|date=27 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Bu gecədən komendant saatı elan olunur|url=https://aqreqator.az/az/siyaset/1029826|website=aqreqator.az|access-date=27 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927135427/https://aqreqator.az/az/siyaset/1029826|archive-date=27 September 2020|language=az|date=27 September 2020}}</ref> under the Interior Minister, [[Vilayet Eyvazov]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Vilayat-Eyvazov-appointed-commandant-of-areas-where-curfew-is-applied-colorred-ORDERcolor-331394|title=Vilayat Eyvazov appointed commandant of areas where curfew is applied|website=apa.az|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}{{Dead link|date=October 2020|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> [[Azerbaijan Airlines]] announced that all airports in Azerbaijan would be closed to regular passenger flights until 30 September 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.azal.az/az/offer/549|title=Mətbuat xidmətinin məlumatı |website=azal.az |publisher=Azerbaijan Airlines |access-date=28 September 2020 |language=az|date=28 September 2020 |archive-date=6 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706180846/https://www.azal.az/az/offer/549|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Military Prosecutor's Offices of Fizuli, Tartar, Karabakh and Ganja began criminal investigations of war and other crimes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genprosecutor.gov.az/az/post/2785|title=Mətbuat xidmətinin MƏLUMATI – cəbhədəki son vəziyyət|website=genprosecutor.gov.az|publisher=Prosecutor General's Office of Azerbaijan|access-date=28 September 2020|language=az|date=27 September 2020|archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928071020/https://genprosecutor.gov.az/az/post/2785 |url-status=live}}</ref> Also on 28 September 2020, the President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, issued a decree authorising a partial mobilization in Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mincom.gov.az/en/view/news/992/order-of-the-president-of-the-republic-of-azerbaijan-on-the-announcement-of-partial-mobilization-in-the-republic-of-azerbaijan|title=Order of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the announcement of partial mobilization in the Republic of Azerbaijan|publisher=Ministry of Transport, Communications and High Technologies (Azerbaijan)|access-date=12 October 2020|date=28 September 2020}}</ref> On 8 October 2020, Azerbaijan recalled its ambassador to [[Greece]] for consultations, following allegations of [[Armenians in Greece|Armenians from Greece]] arriving in Nagorno-Karabakh to fight against Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ekathimerini.com/257836/article/ekathimerini/news/azerbaijan-recalls-its-ambassador-to-greece-for-consultations|title=Azerbaijan recalls its ambassador to Greece for consultations |website=ekathimerini.com|access-date=8 October 2020|date=8 October 2020}}</ref> Three days later, the [[State Security Service (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijani State Security Service (SSS)]] warned against a potential Armenian-backed terror attack.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.azernews.az/aggression/170802.html|title=State Security Service issues warning over Armenian terror threat|publisher=AzerNews|access-date=29 October 2020|date=16 October 2020}}</ref> On 17 October 2020, the Azerbaijani MoFA stated that member of the [[State Duma|Russian State Duma]] from the ruling [[United Russia]], [[Vitaly Milonov]], was declared ''[[persona non grata]]'' in [[List of people declared personae non gratae in Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]] for visiting Nagorno-Karabakh without permission from the Azerbaijani government.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://report.az/ru/nagorno-karabakhskiy-konflikt/deputatu-gosdumy-zapretili-vezd-v-azerbajdzhan/|title=Депутату Госдумы запретили въезд в Азербайджан|agency=Report Information Agency|access-date=16 October 2020|language=ru|date=16 October 2020}}</ref> On 24 October 2020, by recommendation of the [[Central Bank of Azerbaijan]], the member banks of the Azerbaijani Banks' Association unanimously adopted a decision to write off the debts of the military servicemen and civilians who died during the conflict.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Consumer-credits-of-our-martyred-military-servicemen-and-civilian-citizens-who-sustained-damage-as-result-of-enemy-provocation-to-be-completely-written-off-333780|title=Consumer credits of our martyred military servicemen and civilian citizens who sustained damage as result of enemy provocation to be completely written off|website=apa.az|access-date=16 October 2020|date=16 October 2020}}</ref> On 29 October 2020, the President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, issued a decree on the formation of temporary commandant's offices in the areas that the Azerbaijani forces seized control of during the conflict. According to the decree, the commandants will be appointed by the [[Ministry of Internal Affairs (Azerbaijan)|Ministry of Internal Affairs]], but they will have to coordinate with other executive bodies of the government, including [[Ministry of Defence (Azerbaijan)|Ministry of Defense]], the [[State Border Service (Azerbaijan)|State Border Service]], the [[State Security Service (Azerbaijan)|State Security Service]], and [[ANAMA]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://president.az/articles/44886|title=Azərbaycan Respublikasının işğaldan azad olunmuş ərazilərində müvəqqəti xüsusi idarəetmənin təşkili haqqında Azərbaycan Respublikası Prezidentinin Fərmanı|first=Ilham|last=Aliyev|author-link=Ilham Aliyev|website=president.az|publisher=Presidential Administration of Azerbaijan|date=29 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020 |language=az}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54686682?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f9ad00667645202b6c4c77c%26%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%20%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82%20%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%262020-10-29T14%3A21%3A59.656Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:5370b84f-3e8a-43ec-9afd-c8cfee40a0b3&pinned_post_asset_id=5f9ad00667645202b6c4c77c&pinned_post_type=share|title=Азербайджан создает комендатуры отвоеванных районов|publisher=BBC Russian Service|date=29 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020|language=ru}}</ref> On 31 October 2020, after gaining control of the territories on the border with Iran, Azerbaijan has established control over four more border posts.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mil.in.ua/uk/news/azerbajdzhan-vidnovyv-shhe-chotyry-prykordonni-zastavy/|title=Azerbaijan has restored four more border posts|date=2020-10-31|website=mil.in.ua|publisher=Ukrainian military portal|access-date=2020-10-31}}</ref> By 4 November 2020, six peace activists from Azerbaijan have been called to questioning by the State Security Service, due to their anti-war activism in Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2020/1029/In-Azerbaijan-and-Armenia-a-brave-few-call-for-end-to-fighting|title=In Azerbaijan and Armenia, a brave few call for end to fighting|publisher=The Christian Science Monitor|date=31 October 2020|access-date=5 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Azerbaijani peace activists called for questioning|url=https://oc-media.org/azerbaijani-peace-activists-called-for-questioning/|publisher=OC Media|date=13 October 2020|access-date=2 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=28 September 2020|title=Anti-war activist detained by Azerbaijani security service|url=https://oc-media.org/anti-war-activist-detained-by-azerbaijani-security-service/|access-date=2 November 2020|publisher=C Media}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Live updates: Day 37 of war in Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://oc-media.org/live-updates-day-37-of-war-in-nagorno-karabakh/|publisher=OC Media|date=2 November 2020|access-date=2 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://oc-media.org/live-updates-day-39-of-war-in-nagorno-karabakh/|title=Live updates: Day 39 of war in Nagorno-Karabakh|publisher=OC Media|date=4 November 2020|access-date=5 November 2020}}</ref> On 12 December, a decree by President Aliyev lifted the curfew that had been imposed in September.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.trend.az/azerbaijan/society/3348700.html|title=С сегодняшнего дня в Азербайджане отменен комендантский час|publisher=[[Trend News Agency|Trend]]| language=ru| access-date =11 December 2020}}</ref> == Aftermath == === Armenia === [[File:Protests in Yerevan against the 2020 ceasefire agreement in Nagorno-Karabakh.jpg|thumb|[[2020 Armenian protests|Protests]] in [[Yerevan]] against the Armenian prime minister Nikol Pashinyan on 18 November.]] Shortly after the news about the [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement|signing the ceasefire agreement]] broke in the early hours of 10 November, [[2020 Armenian protests|violent protests]] erupted in [[Armenia]] against [[Nikol Pashinyan]], claiming he was a "traitor" for having accepted the peace deal.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kramer|first=Andrew E.|date=2020-11-10|title=Facing Military Debacle, Armenia Accepts a Deal in Nagorno-Karabakh War|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/09/world/middleeast/armenia-settlement-nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan.html|access-date=2020-11-10 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Protesters also seized the parliament building by breaking a metal door, and pulled the [[President of the National Assembly of Armenia]] [[Ararat Mirzoyan]] from a car and beat him.<ref>{{cite web|date=10 November 2020|title=Протестующие в Ереване избили спикера парламента Армении|url=https://ria.ru/20201110/armeniya-1583852881.html|access-date=11 November 2020|website=РИА Новости|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Demonstrators seized the building of the Armenian parliament|url=https://www.interfax.ru/world/736343|access-date=2020-11-11|website=interfax.ru|language=ru}}</ref> Throughout November, numerous Armenian officials resigned from their posts, including the Armenian minister of foreign affairs, [[Zohrab Mnatsakanyan]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/world/2020/11/16/Armenia-s-foreign-minister-resigns-week-after-ceasefire-deal-with-Azerbaijan |title=Armenia's foreign minister resigns week after ceasefire deal with Azerbaijan |work=[[Al-Arabiya]] |date=16 November 2020 |access-date=16 December 2020 |language=en }}</ref> the minister of defence, [[David Tonoyan]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/20/armenian-defence-minister-tenders-resignation-says-aravot-daily |title=Armenian defence minister tenders resignation: Report |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=16 December 2020 |language=en }}</ref> head of the same ministry’s military control service, [[Movses Hakobyan]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1035242/ |title=Head of Armenian defense ministry’s military control service resigns |work=[[Armenpress]] |date=18 November 2020 |access-date=16 December 2020 |language=en }}</ref> and the spokesman of Armenia's Defense Ministry, [[Artsrun Hovhannisyan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news.az/news/official-representative-of-armenias-defense-ministry-resigns|title=Official representative of Armenia's Defense Ministry resigns|date=12 November 2020}}</ref> After the ceasefire agreement was signed, President [[Armen Sarksyan]] held a meeting with [[Karekin II]], where they both made a call to declare 22 November as the Day of Remembrance of the Heroes who fell for the Defense of the Motherland in the Artsakh Liberation War.<ref>{{Cite web|title=November 22 declared a Day of Remembrance of fallen soldiers|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/11/13/president-catholicos-call-to-declare-november-22-as-day-of-remembrance-of-fallen-soldiers/|access-date=2020-11-13|website=Public Radio of Armenia|language=en-US}}</ref> On 16 November, he declared that snap parliamentary elections and Pashinyan’s resignation were inevitable, proposing that a process be overseen and managed by an interim "National Accord Government".<ref>http://asbarez.com/198526/governments-resignation-and-snap-elections-are-inevitable-says-president/?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=54effa186d9281db58bb07f20b391419d2258afd-1605661421-0-Ad5gvCc5DcDa39gcFgB5oHzDDI1Daus2B1gDuhMWAq-_kRk8aZqUbb9oPFFYW_H751U27NjeMErHugjskezGtl4H-7uyIry6CEgsu5iDTrCO_xT1l4DuJsPbJZZaxxQ_8QLwvTfkyrzS0Uy8yM2tHjeYi-7qo4u7HbT7e0xteEsT02mVIL_dqMx6qokOyxMPD0yeSIi5aPhz4C2F2Bg2zu1ryczef1etI1O1eU5nOIuEzu_nYtFLrkZ1eQoHEy1Iv4dQhjFOPvRVqcy6epSJKp4cHz9YmUPFYbCGuLbQWikKDMpS8vSQoYmlFH2bPzzwxpENaz2ZfGHVt_tpzWJVgz_4nkaP9GsEuhjzKvshg89TIK7P7URKFb0Zam6wRLMTgCQBnlTrkcI8gt6RrJOsvA8ZUynt1LCJ5fWkYV0A40Kr</ref> On 10 December, the Armenian media reported that an Azerbaijani citizen was detained at night near [[Berdavan, Armenia|Berdavan]] in [[Tavush Province]]. It was reported that an Azerbaijani civilian was observed in Berdavan between 4:00 and 5:00 in the morning. The executive head of Berdavan, Smbat Mugdesyan, said that the [[National Security Service (Armenia)|NSS]] had taken him away and that he did not know other details. According to the Armenian media, a criminal case was opened against the detained citizen on suspicion of illegally crossing to the [[Armenia–Azerbaijan border|Armenian state border]]. The name of the detained Azerbaijani was not disclosed. According to the ''BBC Azerbaijani Service'', Azerbaijan's [[Ministry of Internal Affairs (Azerbaijan)|Internal Affairs]], [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Azerbaijan)|Foreign Affairs]] and [[Ministry of Defence (Azerbaijan)|Defence]] Ministries said they had no information about the incident.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/azerbaijan-55270879 |title=Bu günün xəbərləri: Ermənistanda "Azərbaycan vətəndaşı saxlanılıb", hərbi vəziyyət ləğv edilir, Azərbaycan Türkiyədən avtobus alır |date=11 December 2020 |access-date=11 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> On 12 December, the Azerbaijani trucks, accompanied by the [[International Committee of the Red Cross]] and the Russian peacekeepers, entered [[Davit Bek, Armenia|David Bek]] in [[Syunik Province]] of Armenia to pick up the bodies of fallen soldiers. The Armenian officials refuted the media reports of Azerbaijani vehicles entered [[Goris]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/267701/ |title=Власти Гориса заверили, что по городу не разъезжают машины с азербайджанскими номерами |date=12 December 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=Armenian Report |language=ru }}</ref> On 16 December, the family members of the missing Armenian soldiers gathered in front of the Armenian ministry of defence building. Demanding information about their loved ones, they were not allowed into the building, and the Armenian military representatives didn't responded to them either. This was followed by a scuffle, when the family members of the missing Armenian soldiers broke through to the building.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/268038/ |title=Родители без вести пропавших солдат прорвались к зданию МО, минуя КПП |date=16 December 2020 |access-date=16 December 2020 |language=ru |work=Armenian Report }}</ref> === Azerbaijan === [[File:Azerbaijani people celebrating victory in Karabakh. Sheikh Shamil street.jpg|thumb|Celebrations in [[Baku]], Azerbaijan after the peace treaty.]] The peace agreement and the end of the war was seen as a victory and was widely celebrated in Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web|last=Agency|first=Anadolu|date=2020-11-10|title=Euphoric Azerbaijanis celebrate "victorious" Nagorno-Karabakh peace deal|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/euphoric-azerbaijanis-celebrate-victorious-nagorno-karabakh-peace-deal/news|access-date=2020-11-10|website=Daily Sabah}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Dixon|first=Robyn|date=10 November 2020|title=Cease-fire in Nagorno-Karabakh provokes protests in Armenia, celebrations in Azerbaijan|newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/nagorno-karabakh-ceasefire-armenia-russia-azerbaijan/2020/11/10/b1b9bcc0-231b-11eb-9c4a-0dc6242c4814_story.html|access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref> On 10 November 2020, crowds waved flags in [[Baku]] after the peace deal was announced.<ref>{{cite news|date=2020-11-10|title=Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia sign Nagorno-Karabakh peace deal|work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54882564|access-date=2020-11-11}}</ref> On 11 November, the [[President of Azerbaijan]], [[Ilham Aliyev]], at a meeting with wounded Azerbaijani servicemen who took part in the war, said that new orders and medals would be established in Azerbaijan, and that he gave appropriate instructions on awarding civilians and servicemen who showed "heroism on the battlefield and in the rear and distinguished themselves in this war." He also proposed the names of these orders and medals.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.president.az/articles/46142 |title=Ilham Aliyev and First Lady Mehriban Aliyeva met with servicemen undergoing treatment at Clinical Medical Center 1 |date=11 November 2020 |access-date=22 November 2020 |work=[[President of Azerbaijan|President.az]] |publisher=[[Presidential Administration of Azerbaijan]] |language=en }}</ref> About a week later, at a plenary session of the [[National Assembly (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijani National Assembly]], a draft law on amendments to the law "On the establishment of orders and medals of the Republic of Azerbaijan" was submitted for discussion.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.president.az/articles/46142 |title=Vətən Müharibəsində qələbə münasibətilə Azərbaycan Respublikasının orden və medallarının təsis edilməsi ilə əlaqədar "Azərbaycan Respublikasının orden və medallarının təsis edilməsi haqqında" Azərbaycan Respublikasının Qanununda dəyişiklik edilməsi barədə AZƏRBAYCAN RESPUBLİKASININ QANUNU |trans-title=LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN on amendments to the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan "On the establishment of orders and medals of the Republic of Azerbaijan" in connection with the establishment of orders and medals of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the occasion of victory in the Great Patriotic War |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=22 November 2020 |publisher=[[National Assembly (Azerbaijan)|National Assembly of Azerbaijan]] |language=az }}</ref> Seventeen new orders and medals were established on the same day in the first reading in accordance with the bill "On the establishment of orders and medals of the Republic of Azerbaijan".<ref name="parliament">{{Cite web |url=http://armiya.az/ru/news/166994 |title=Парламент Азербайджана утвердил в первом чтении законопроект об учреждении новых орденов и медалей Отечественной войны |trans-title=The Parliament of Azerbaijan approved in the first reading the bill on the establishment of new orders and medals of the Patriotic War |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=22 November 2020 |work=Armiya.az |language=ru }}</ref> On 12 November, the [[Ministry of Internal Affairs (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijani Ministry of Internal Affairs]] stated that it had moved the [[Shusha]] police department, which was previously located in [[Tartar District]], into [[Shusha]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/az/hadise/Susa-Polis-Sobsi-Susa-shrin-kocurulub-komendant-tyin-olunub-614886 |title=Şuşa Polis Şöbəsi Şuşa şəhərinə köçürülüb, komendant təyin olunub |date=12 November 2020 |access-date=24 November 2020 |work=[[Azeri Press Agency]] |language=az }}</ref> while on 14 November, the control of the [[Madagiz|Sugovushan reservoir]] was transferred to the [[Ministry of Emergency Situations (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijani Ministry of Emergency Situations]] from the military.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news.az/news/mes-takes-sughovushan-reservoir-under-protection?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=b90ab15c6364aca4de683bb85cd1f0de2d414772-1605617604-0-AdeJbnoCWC_OqhzZnf3YkLurMnrPF6tRhR3SbMsHkUNy5zcX8-EhZeTdacOjuKsJeW2tByn3VruvfajJW2s9we44-QVFM0L-PeBPe6VeMXCNdPZL-Nw9f8dSfKZ94nzTPRDrWAwYMSt6kOqu9XRVPrBknzYWCplemcqFEYYujRki75bQKDfpYf1_f1g_DF9b2u-Mk04_YS_xmElLKNZmvJ9K19M2ew-PS77YyYWeCw-WUsfqe9OOyFsTUiLjkmV4wqZmAYHYLwFKysyHvuClxH-Ib2A8yCu36qWJOT3IgqkJcMEcBhCeXvjTQ7Zv5L2XR_dGmB90N6uFdGhwlBZzzIzALmJ0q-1aKoNkhqQOIblkGrqI74eos9_zV6gqQ_NbCSF5S5fk1VfqosMqeoMpuBfAr3i7zLhmVIAajxmGNRr_h0yUfdEO6CZ2Z6ri37e5_A |title=MES takes Sugovushan Reservoir under protection |date=14 November 2020 |access-date=24 November 2020 |work=News.az |language=en }}</ref> On 15 November, the [[Armenian Apostolic Church]] claimed that Ghazanchetsots Cathedral had been defaced after the Azerbaijani forces took control of Shusha, prompting a statement by the Armenian Foreign Ministry denouncing the act; the Azerbaijani president Aliyev issued a statement saying that the Christian churches would be protected.<ref name="heintz-delay">{{cite news|last1=Heintz|first1=Jim|date=15 November 2020|title=Azerbaijan delays takeover, denounces fleeing Armenians|work=AP News|agency=AP|url=https://apnews.com/article/peacekeeping-forces-azerbaijan-russia-vladimir-putin-armenia-07679eadaeb535be478331e6113463c9|access-date=15 November 2020}}</ref> Also, on December 1, Azerbaijan's First Deputy [[Ministry of Culture (Azerbaijan)|Minister of Culture]], Acting Minister [[Anar Karimov]], told ''France24'' that Karabakh's Christian cultural heritage would be protected by the government. Noting the Armenian [[Armenian Church, Baku|Saint Gregory the Illuminator Church in Baku]], Karimov stressed that the Christian religious monuments in Karabakh were "inherited from our ancestors."<ref>{{Cite web |first=Marc |last=Perelman |url=https://www.france24.com/en/tv-shows/the-interview/20201201-nagorno-karabakh-christian-sites-not-in-danger-of-destruction-says-azerbaijani-minister |title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Christian sites 'not in danger of destruction,' says Azerbaijan minister |date=1 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=France24 |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc725a065be0302b81c5330%26Anar%20K%C9%99rimov%3A%20%22Qaraba%C4%9Fdak%C4%B1%20xristian%20m%C9%99d%C9%99ni%20v%C9%99%20dini%20abid%C9%99l%C9%99r%20biz%C9%99%20%C9%99cdadlar%C4%B1m%C4%B1zdan%20qal%C4%B1b%20v%C9%99%20onlar%C4%B1%20qoruyuruq%22%262020-12-02T05%3A28%3A44.670Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:bf4bd763-1319-4c3e-90db-ae4b4a8dd423&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc725a065be0302b81c5330&pinned_post_type=share |title=Anar Kərimov: "Qarabağdakı xristian mədəni və dini abidələr bizə əcdadlarımızdan qalıb və onları qoruyuruq" |date=2 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> [[File:Ilham Aliyev in Fuzuli city in 16 November 2020 (2).jpg|thumb|right|President Ilham Aliyev visiting Fuzuli on 16 November.]] On mid-November, Aliyev and [[Vice President of Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan's First Vice-President]], [[Mehriban Aliyeva]], visited [[Fuzuli District|Fuzuli]] and [[Jabrayil District|Jabrayil]] Districts, both of which were ghost towns in ruins after the Armenian forces occupied it in 1993.<ref name="afpoccupation">{{Cite web |first=Tofik |last=Babayev |url=https://news.yahoo.com/azerbaijans-fizuli-ghost-town-karabakh-144520120.html |title=Azerbaijan's Fizuli a ghost town after Karabakh battles |date=19 November 2020 |access-date=24 November 2020 |work=[[Agence France-Presse]] |language=en }}</ref> Aliyev ordered the [[State Agency of Azerbaijan Automobile Roads]] to construct a new highway, starting from [[Alxanlı]], which will connect Fuzuli to [[Shusha]].<ref>{{Cite web |first=Mushvig |last=Mehdiyev |url=https://caspiannews.com/news-detail/azerbaijani-president-visits-liberated-districts-vows-to-rebuild-damaged-villages-and-cities-2020-11-18-49/ |title=Azerbaijani President Visits Liberated Districts, Vows to Rebuild Damaged Villages and Cities |date=19 November 2020 |access-date=24 November 2020 |work=Caspian News |language=en }}</ref> In Jabrayil, Aliyev stated that a "new master plan" will be drawn up to rebuild the city.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3336059.html |title=Victory monuments will be erected in all cities and life will return here – President of Azerbaijan |date=17 November 2020 |access-date=24 November 2020 |work=[[Trend News Agency]] |language=en }}</ref> He also visited the [[Khodaafarin Bridges]], in the border with Iran.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.president.az/articles/46840 |title=Ilham Aliyev and First Lady Mehriban Aliyeva visited liberated from occupation Fuzuli and Jabrayil districts, as well as Fuzuli and Jabrayil cities |date=16 November 2020 |access-date=24 November 2020 |work=[[President of Azerbaijan|President.az]] |publisher=[[Presidential Administration of Azerbaijan]] |language=en }}</ref> According to the Azerbaijani economist Toghrul Valiyev, fully reconstructing Jabrayil, Fuzuli, [[Zangilan]], and [[Qubadlı|Gubadly]], all which basically have no infrastructure left, would likely take 10 years and cost about $15 billion.<ref name="reconstruct">{{Cite web |first=Ulkar |last=Natiqqizi |url=https://eurasianet.org/azerbaijan-starts-rebuilding-in-newly-won-territories |title=Azerbaijan starts rebuilding in newly won territories |date=19 November 2020 |access-date=24 November 2020 |work=[[Eurasianet]] |language=en }}</ref> According to the head of the NGO Humanitarian Research Public Union, Avaz Hasanov, Azerbaijan will also likely try to attract private financing for the reconstruction.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/356403/ |title=Аналитики в Баку оценили затраты на послевоенное восстановление территорий |trans-title=Analysts in Baku estimate the costs of post-war restoration of territories |date=12 November 2020 |access-date=24 November 2020 |work=[[Caucasian Knot]] |language=ru }}</ref> Meanwhile, [[Azerbaijan Railways]] also announced its plans to rebuild the rail line connecting [[Stepanakert]] to [[Yevlakh]].<ref name="reconstruct" /> On 18 November, the Azerbaijani MP Tahir Mirkishili stated that a consortium was formed between the state-owned Azergold and a foreign company to mine for gold in Zangilan, [[Vejnəli]], and [[Kalbajar]].<ref>{{Cite web |first=Huseyn |last=Veliyev |url=https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan_energy_and_industry/Azerbaijan-signs-contracts-for-drilling-operations-at-gold-deposits-in-Zangelan-and-Kalbajar-335753 |title=Azerbaijan signs contracts for drilling operations at gold deposits in Zangelan and Kalbajar |date=18 November 2020 |access-date=24 November 2020 |work=[[Azeri Press Agency]] |language=en }}</ref> Also, [[PASHA Holding|PASHA Bank]] and [[Kapital Bank]] announced that they plan to open new branches across the region.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Ayya |last=Lmahamad |url=https://www.azernews.az/business/172798.html |title=More banks to open branches on Azerbaijan's liberated territories |date=17 November 2020 |access-date=24 November 2020 |work=AzerNews |language=en }}</ref> Meanwhile, organizers of the [[Turkvision Song Contest]] stated that they were exploring the possibility of holding the contest's 2021 version in Shusha.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Shafiga |last=Nazimgizi |url=https://report.az/en/cultural-policy/shusha-may-host-turkvision-song-contest/ |title=Shusha may host Turkvision Song Contest |date=18 November 2020 |access-date=24 November 2020 |work=[[Report Information Agency]] |language=en }}</ref> On 23 November, the units of the State Fire Control Service of the Azerbaijani Ministry of Emergency Situations started operating in several districts in Karabakh controlled by Azerbaijan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fbb751710a1c302d6fbe6bd%26FHN%3A%20%22D%C3%B6vl%C9%99t%20Yan%C4%9F%C4%B1n%20N%C9%99zar%C9%99ti%20Xidm%C9%99tinin%20yerli%20strukturlar%C4%B1%20i%C5%9F%C4%9Faldan%20azad%20olunmu%C5%9F%20%C9%99razil%C9%99rd%C9%99%20f%C9%99aliyy%C9%99t%C9%99%20ba%C5%9Flay%C4%B1b%22%262020-11-23T08%3A38%3A48.911Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:827cc73b-9b78-4010-bbf3-f6522c391a97&pinned_post_asset_id=5fbb751710a1c302d6fbe6bd&pinned_post_type=share |title=FHN: "Dövlət Yanğın Nəzarəti Xidmətinin yerli strukturları işğaldan azad olunmuş ərazilərdə fəaliyyətə başlayıb" |date=23 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> The next day, archeological finds in [[Azykh Cave]] were brought to Baku by the representatives of the Azerbaijani State Security Service and placed in the Archaeological Fund of the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography of [[Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences|ANAS]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fbccb8610a1c302d6fbe819%26Az%C4%B1x%20ma%C4%9Faras%C4%B1na%20aid%20arxeoloji%20tap%C4%B1nt%C4%B1lar%C4%B1n%20Bak%C4%B1ya%20g%C9%99tirildiyi%20bildirilib%262020-11-24T09%3A06%3A55%2B00%3A00&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:8a98e423-0a0f-4958-bf81-90af6797ecf3&pinned_post_asset_id=5fbccb8610a1c302d6fbe819&pinned_post_type=share |title=Azıx mağarasına aid arxeoloji tapıntıların Bakıya gətirildiyi bildirilib |date=24 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> On 25 November, the [[International Civil Aviation Organization]] (ICAO) approved the inclusion of six more Azerbaijani airports in the international spatial index catalog, including Aghdam, Fuzuli and [[Stepanakert Airport|Stepanakert]] airports. The codes of these airports will be added to the updated edition of the ICAO Registry, which will be published in December.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fbe8d9610a1c302d6fbeaa5%26A%C4%9Fdam%2C%20Fizuli%20v%C9%99%20Xank%C9%99ndi%20aeroportlar%C4%B1%20beyn%C9%99lxalq%20m%C9%99kan%20indeksl%C9%99ri%20kataloquna%20daxil%20edil%C9%99c%C9%99k%262020-11-25T17%3A23%3A45%2B00%3A00&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:8c04e316-6488-4704-990a-40f592087b77&pinned_post_asset_id=5fbe8d9610a1c302d6fbeaa5&pinned_post_type=share |title=Ağdam, Fizuli və Xankəndi aeroportları beynəlxalq məkan indeksləri kataloquna daxil ediləcək |date=25 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> On 28 November, a civilian car hit a mine in [[Aşağı Seyidəhmədli]], in Fuzuli District, killing four people,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc24c8810a1c302d6fbef53%26F%C3%BCzulid%C9%99%20minaya%20d%C3%BC%C5%9F%C9%99n%204%20n%C9%99f%C9%99r%20%C3%B6l%C3%BCb%262020-11-28T13%3A15%3A13.151Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:8fcd5f99-5271-4281-91c9-fff52ec64c26&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc24c8810a1c302d6fbef53&pinned_post_type=share |title=Füzulidə minaya düşən 4 nəfər ölüb |date=28 November 2020 |access-date=28 November 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> including the editor-in-chief of the ''Gaidish'' newspaper, the media outlet of the Fuzuli District Executive Power.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://report.az/qarabag/fuzulide-helak-olanlardan-biri-bas-redaktordur/ |title=Füzulidə həlak olanlardan biri baş redaktordur |date=28 November 2020 |access-date=28 November 2020 |work=[[Report Information Agency]] |language=az }}</ref> After that, the Azerbaijani Prosecutor General's Office and the Ministry of Internal Affairs appealed to citizens not to visit the newly acquired territories without the necessary permission until they are completely cleared of mines and other explosive devices.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc25aecfe66a902d1004c41%26Ba%C5%9F%20Prokurorluq%20v%C9%99%20Daxili%20%C4%B0%C5%9Fl%C9%99r%20Nazirliyi%20v%C9%99t%C9%99nda%C5%9Flara%20m%C3%BCraci%C9%99t%20edib%262020-11-28T14%3A13%3A01.201Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:633715b3-8e09-4a2d-9792-8c1468471301&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc25aecfe66a902d1004c41&pinned_post_type=share |title=Baş Prokurorluq və Daxili İşlər Nazirliyi vətəndaşlara müraciət edib |date=28 November 2020 |access-date=28 November 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> [[File:Azerbaijani jets during the 2020 victory parade 2.jpg|thumb|right|Azerbaijani [[Sukhoi Su-25]] fighter jets during the [[Baku Victory Parade of 2020|victory parade]] in Baku on 10 December.]] 27 September and 10 November were declared [[Memorial Day (Azerbaijan)|Memorial Day]] and [[Victory Day (Azerbaijan)|Victory Day]] respectively,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc7574610a1c302d6fbf69e%26H%C9%99r%20il%20sentyabr%C4%B1n%2027-si%20Az%C9%99rbaycanda%20An%C4%B1m%20G%C3%BCn%C3%BC%20kimi%20qeyd%20olunacaq%262020-12-02T09%3A01%3A14.917Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:27045536-6d7a-476e-bb34-b438c5d4e1da&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc7574610a1c302d6fbf69e&pinned_post_type=share |title=Hər il sentyabrın 27-si Azərbaycanda Anım Günü kimi qeyd olunacaq |date=2 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc75b4e10a1c302d6fbf6a4%2610%20noyabr%20-%20Az%C9%99rbaycanda%20Z%C9%99f%C9%99r%20G%C3%BCn%C3%BC%20kimi%20t%C9%99sis%20olunub%262020-12-02T09%3A18%3A57.062Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:80291d10-807c-43c6-aed7-5e2e8be46797&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc75b4e10a1c302d6fbf6a4&pinned_post_type=share |title=10 noyabr – Azərbaycanda Zəfər Günü kimi təsis olunub |date=2 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> although the latter's date was changed to 8 November as it overlapped with [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk|Mustafa Kemal Ataturk]]'s [[Death and state funeral of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk|Memorial Day]] in Turkey.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc8b50410a1c302d6fbf833%26Az%C9%99rbaycanda%20Z%C9%99f%C9%99r%20G%C3%BCn%C3%BCn%C3%BCn%20vaxt%C4%B1%20d%C9%99yi%C5%9Fdirilib%262020-12-03T09%3A52%3A14.575Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:191f4415-82ba-4cff-af24-e815dcef7472&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc8b50410a1c302d6fbf833&pinned_post_type=share |title=Azərbaycanda Zəfər Gününün vaxtı dəyişdirilib |date=3 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> It was also announced that the new station in the [[Baku Metro]] will be named "November 8" at the suggestion of Aliyev.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/azerbaijan-55226952 |title=İlham Əliyevin təklifi ilə yeni metrostansiya "8 noyabr" adlanacaq, Baş infeksionist Təyyar Eyvazov: "Epidemioloji vəziyyət pisləşməkdə davam edir" |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |date=8 December 2020 |access-date=8 December 2020 |language=az }}</ref> On the same day, President Aliyev signed a decree on the establishment of the YASHAT Foundation to support the families of those wounded and killed during the war, and general control over the management of the foundation was transferred to the [[ASAN service]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/azerbaijan-55226953 |title=İlham Əliyev yaralıların və həlak olanların ailələrinə dəstək üçün YAŞAT Fondu yaradıb |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |date=8 December 2020 |access-date=8 December 2020 |language=az }}</ref> On December 2, by the decree of the Azerbaijani president, Ilham Aliyev, some servicemen were discharged from military service.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc6292910a1c302d6fbf514%26Sabahdan%20b%C9%99zi%20h%C9%99rbi%20qulluq%C3%A7ular%20t%C9%99rxis%20edil%C9%99c%C9%99kl%C9%99r%262020-12-01T11%3A29%3A46.494Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:90d59a9f-005e-4b89-b4b5-b83c9e00355b&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc6292910a1c302d6fbf514&pinned_post_type=share |title=Sabahdan bəzi hərbi qulluqçular tərxis ediləcəklər |date=1 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> On the same day, the Association of Banks of Azerbaijan announced that the bank debts of servicemen and civilians killed during the war in Azerbaijan would be completely written off.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc792fd65be0302b81c53cf%26Az%C9%99rbaycanda%20h%C9%99lak%20olmu%C5%9F%20h%C9%99rb%C3%A7il%C9%99rin%20v%C9%99%20m%C3%BClki%20%C5%9F%C9%99xsl%C9%99rin%20bank%20borclar%C4%B1%20tam%20silin%C9%99c%C9%99k%262020-12-02T13%3A13%3A34.597Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:fd97ac50-800f-4796-aae6-10774e1997fd&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc792fd65be0302b81c53cf&pinned_post_type=share |title=Azərbaycanda həlak olmuş hərbçilərin və mülki şəxslərin bank borcları tam silinəcək |date=1 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> The next day, [[Azerbaijan National Agency for Mine Action|ANAMA]] announced that the demining operation of the road to [[Madagiz]] had been completed.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc86d5dfe66a902d10054e9%26ANAMA%3A%20%22Suqovu%C5%9Fana%20%C3%A7%C9%99kil%C9%99c%C9%99k%20avtomobil%20yolunu%20minalardan%20t%C9%99mizl%C9%99m%C9%99%20%C9%99m%C9%99liyyat%C4%B1%20ba%C5%9Fa%20%C3%A7at%C4%B1b%22%262020-12-03T04%3A54%3A07.403Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:1678f16b-14c8-4392-ace9-cbbce08c94d7&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc86d5dfe66a902d10054e9&pinned_post_type=share |title=ANAMA: "Suqovuşana çəkiləcək avtomobil yolunu minalardan təmizləmə əməliyyatı başa çatıb" |date=3 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> That same day, a decree by Aliyev ordered the establishment of the Patriotic War Memorial Complex and Victory Museum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Patriotic War Memorial Complex and Victory Museum to be established in Baku|url=https://mod.gov.az/en/news/patriotic-war-memorial-complex-and-victory-museum-to-be-established-in-baku-33997.html|access-date=2020-12-05|website=MINISTRY OF DEFENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN|language=en}}</ref> On 4 December, at 12:00 ([[UTC+04:00|GMT+4]]) local time, a [[moment of silence]] was held in Azerbaijan to commemorate the fallen soldiers of the war.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3344857.html |title=Azerbaijan commemorates bright memory of martyrs with minute of silence (VIDEO) |date=4 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=[[Trend News Agency]] |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/domestic-news/Azerbaijan-observes-minute-of-silence-to-honor-Martyrs-of-Patriotic-War |title=Azerbaijan observes minute of silence to honor Martyrs of Patriotic War |date=4 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=[[Azeri Press Agency]] |language=en }}</ref> In this regard, [[Flag of Azerbaijan|flags]] were lowered across the country, and traffic halted, while ships moored in the [[Bay of Baku]], as well as cars honked their horns.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc9f232fe66a902d100564c%26%C4%B0kinci%20Qaraba%C4%9F%20M%C3%BCharib%C9%99sind%C9%99%20h%C9%99lak%20olanlar%C4%B1n%20xatir%C9%99si%20bir%20d%C9%99qiq%C9%99lik%20s%C3%BCkutla%20an%C4%B1l%C4%B1b%262020-12-04T08%3A25%3A11.817Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:509620c7-dc35-4d5f-a439-18839d871a17&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc9f232fe66a902d100564c&pinned_post_type=share |title=İkinci Qarabağ Müharibəsində həlak olanların xatirəsi bir dəqiqəlik sükutla anılıb |date=4 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> A unity prayer was held at the [[Heydar Mosque]] in Baku in memory of those killed in the war, and ''[[Shaykh al-Islām]]'' [[Allahshukur Pashazadeh]], chairman of the Religious Council of the Caucasus, said that "Sunnis and Shiites prayed for the souls of our martyrs together." In addition to the capital, commemoration ceremonies were held in mosques in [[Sumgait|Sumgayit]], [[Quba|Guba]], Ganja, [[Shamakhi]], [[Lankaran]], [[Shaki, Azerbaijan|Shaki]], in churches in Baku and Ganja, and in the [[Synagogue of the Ashkenazi Jews in Baku|synagogue of Ashkenazi Jews in Baku]]. In addition, people visited the [[Martyrs' Lane]] in Baku.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fca17e665be0302b81c565d%26Az%C9%99rbaycand%C9%99%20m%C9%99scid%2C%20sinaqoq%20v%C9%99%20kils%C9%99l%C9%99rd%C9%99%20an%C4%B1m%20m%C9%99rasiml%C9%99ri%20ke%C3%A7irilib%262020-12-04T11%3A28%3A39.928Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:39cc9ad0-65bd-4ebd-97d1-34e57a8444b0&pinned_post_asset_id=5fca17e665be0302b81c565d&pinned_post_type=share |title=Azərbaycandə məscid, sinaqoq və kilsələrdə anım mərasimləri keçirilib |date=4 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev and Vice President Mehriban Aliyeva also visited the Martyrs' Lane.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fca1cf4fe66a902d1005684%26%C4%B0lham%20%C6%8Fliyev%20v%C9%99%20Mehriban%20%C6%8Fliyeva%20%C5%9E%C9%99hidl%C9%99r%20xiyaban%C4%B1n%C4%B1%20ziyar%C9%99t%20edibl%C9%99r%262020-12-04T11%3A35%3A09.735Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:34e96249-2e0a-4b81-9b66-d07b6810895c&pinned_post_asset_id=5fca1cf4fe66a902d1005684&pinned_post_type=share |title=İlham Əliyev və Mehriban Əliyeva Şəhidlər xiyabanını ziyarət ediblər |date=4 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> The next day, the [[Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Population (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijani Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Population]] stated that the State Social Protection Fund under the ministry had given the status of ''[[shahid]]'' to 94 Azerbaijani civilians who died during the war, proving the same rights provided to the members of the families of the fallen soldiers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/azerbaijan-55044797 |title=Ağdamda zərər dəymiş 1260 obyektə baxış keçirilib, 94 mülkiyə şəhid statusu verilib, Alban-udi dini icması Kəlbəcərdəki Xudavəng monastırını ziyarət edib |date=5 December 2020 |access-date=6 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> On 9 December, President Aliyev awarded 83 servicemen with the title of [[Hero of the Patriotic War]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://axar.az/news/toplum/521963.html |title=Bu hərbçilərə Vətən Müharibəsi Qəhrəmanı adı verildi |date=9 December 2020 |access-date=9 December 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.is/zXyrt |archive-date=9 December 2020 |work=Axar.az |language=az }}</ref> 204 servicemen with [[Karabakh Order]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/az/azerbaycan-ordusu/Silahli-Quvvlrin-hrbi-qulluqculari-tltif-edilib-colorredSIYAHIcolor-618932ar |title=Silahlı Qüvvələrin hərbi qulluqçuları təltif edilib – SİYAHI |date=9 December 2020 |access-date=9 December 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.is/jLmwH |archive-date=9 December 2020 |work=[[Azeri Press Agency]] |language=az }}</ref> and 33 servicemen with [[Zafar Order]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://az.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3347531.html |title=Silahlı Qüvvələrin bir sıra hərbi qulluqçuları təltif olunub |date=9 December 2020 |access-date=9 December 2020 |work=[[Trend News Agency]] |language=az }}</ref> On 12 December, the martial law will be lifted by the decree of the President Ilham Aliyev.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/region-55212136 |title=Azərbaycanda hərbi vəziyyət ləğv edilir, İlham Əliyev azad edilmiş ərazilərdə bərpa işləri ilə bağlı: "Artıq bəzi ölkələrin şirkətlərinə dəvət göndərilib" |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |date=7 December 2020 |access-date=8 December 2020 |language=az }}</ref> On 10 December, a [[Baku Victory Parade of 2020|victory parade was held]] in honor of the Azerbaijani victory on [[Azadliq Square, Baku|Azadliq Square]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-03|title=Baku preparing for grandiose Victory Parade – VIDEO|url=https://www.azerbaycan24.com/en/baku-preparing-for-grandiose-victory-parade-ndash-video/|access-date=2020-12-04|website=www.azerbaycan24.com|language=en-AU}}</ref> with 3,000 military servicemen who distinguished themselves during the war marched alongside military equipment, unmanned aerial vehicles and aircraft,<ref name="showcase">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/azerbaijan-55260110 |title=Zəfər paradında əsgərlərin marşı, yeni silah və hərbi texnika – şəkillərdə |date=10 December 2020 |access-date=10 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> as well as Armenian war trophies,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Makarenko|first=Alena|date=2 December 2020|title=Эрдоган приедет на парад победы в Баку: мнение политолога date|url=https://360tv.ru/news/mir/pobedy-v-azerbajdzhane/|access-date=10 December 2020|work=360 TV|language=ru}}</ref> and Turkish soldiers and officers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/bak%C4%B1da-z%C9%99f%C9%99r-parad%C4%B1-ke%C3%A7irildi/5694375.html |title=Bakıda "Zəfər Paradı" keçirildi |date=10 December 2020 |access-date=10 December 2020 |work=Amerikanın Səsi |publisher=[[Voice of America]] |language=az }}</ref> Turkish President Erdoğan attended the [[Military parades in Azerbaijan|military parade]] as part of a [[state visit]] to Baku.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/t%C3%BCrkiy%C9%99-prezidenti-az%C9%99rbaycana-s%C9%99f%C9%99r%C9%99-g%C9%99lib/5692916.html |title=Türkiyə Prezidenti Azərbaycana səfərə gəlib |date=9 December 2020 |access-date=10 December 2020 |work=Amerikanın Səsi |publisher=[[Voice of America]] |language=az }}</ref> === Return of occupied territories === [[File:Russian peacekeepers and Azerbaijani military personnel near Vank village.png|thumb|right|Russian peacekeepers and Azerbaijani military personnel near [[Dadivank]] of [[Kalbajar District]].]] Ahead of the transfer of [[Kalbajar District]] from Artsakh to Azerbaijan under the terms of the ceasefire agreement, ethnic Armenians burnt their homes, many of which were once inhabited by Azerbaijanis,<ref name="afpoccupation" /> to prevent them being reinhabited by the Azerbaijanis.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20201113-armenians-flee-homes-as-azerbaijan-takeover-looms |title=Armenians flee homes as Azerbaijan takeover looms |date=13 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[France24]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first=Anelise |last=Borges |url=https://www.euronews.com/2020/11/14/nagorno-karabakh-ethnic-armenians-set-fire-to-their-homes-rather-than-hand-them-to-azerbai |title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Ethnic Armenians set fire to their homes rather than hand them to Azerbaijan |date=14 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[Euronews]] }}</ref> The district had been mostly inhabited by ethnic Azerbaijanis before the First Nagorno-Karabakh War and was re-settled by ethnic Armenians from Armenia, as well as [[Aşağı Ağcakənd]] and [[Gülüstan, Goranboy|Gülüstan]] in Azerbaijan, which they fled from the latter during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.<ref>The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: A Legal Analysis. Heiko Krüger. Springer, 2010. {{ISBN|3642117872}}, 9783642117879. p. 102</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/armenia-to-begin-handing-over-territory-to-azerbaijan-under-terms-of-truce/30950886.html |title=Azerbaijan Extends Deadline For Armenia To Withdraw From Key District Under Karabakh Truce |date=15 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] }}</ref> Some Armenians took their dead relatives' remains with them,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/nov/14/nagorno-karabakh-villagers-burn-their-homes-ahead-of-peace-deal |title=Armenians residents in Kalbajar burn their homes before Azerbaijan handover |date=14 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] }}</ref> and ''Reuters'' reported that villagers were "carting off everything they could as trucks nearby loaded up with household possessions".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-village-idUSKBN27U0FQ |title=Armenians set fire to homes before handing village over to Azerbaijan |date=14 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[Reuters]] }}</ref> Reports of house burning emerged on 13 November,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://oc-media.org/live-updates-some-armenian-residents-of-kalbajar-burn-homes/ |title=Live updates: Some Armenian residents of Kalbajar burn homes |date=13 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[OC Media]] }}</ref> and on 15 November ''Agence France-Presse'' reported that in [[Çərəktar]] at least six houses were set on fire.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Hervé |last=Bar |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/11/15/azerbaijan-extends-armenian-pullout-deadline-from-disputed-area-a72048 |title=Azerbaijan Extends Armenian Pullout Deadline From Disputed Area |date=15 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Moscow Times]] }}</ref> The ''BBC Russian Service'' reported that houses were burning in neighboring [[Dadivank]] and other nearby villages, and trees were cut down for firewood, which is expensive in Armenia.<ref name="bbcrussian">{{Cite web |first1=Yuri |last1=Wendik |first2=Gabriel |last2=Shaim |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/features-54930278 |title=Новый исход. Армяне бегут из Карабаха, сжигая свои дома |date=13 November 2020 |access-date=28 November 2020 |work=BBC Russian Service }}</ref> Azerbaijan denounced civilians leaving the area for burning houses and committing what it termed "ecological terror";<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/world/asia/ecological-terror-azerbaijan-delays-takeover-denounces-fleeing-armenians-20201116-p56eu6.html?ref=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_source=rss_feed |title='Ecological terror': Azerbaijan delays takeover, Armenians torch homes |date=15 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[Brisbane Times]] }}</ref> President Ilham Aliyev called Armenians who destroyed their properties a "wild enemy".<ref name="wildburning">{{Cite web |url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20201120-armenia-hands-over-aghdam-to-azerbaijan-as-part-of-nagorno-karabakh-ceasefire |title=Armenia hands over Aghdam to Azerbaijan as part of Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=24 November 2020 |work=[[France24]] }}</ref> At Armenia's request, Azerbaijan extended the deadline for Armenians to fully vacate Kalbajar District by 10 days, until 25 November. Azerbaijan's Presidential Office stated that it took the worsening weather and the fact that there was only one road to Armenia into consideration when agreeing to extend the deadline.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/15/armenia-cedes-disputed-land-to-azerbaijan-after-peace-deal |title=Azerbaijan extends Armenian pullout deadline from Kalbajar |date=15 November 2020 |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] }}</ref> The first district to be handed over to Azerbaijan was [[Agdam District]], on 20 November.<ref name="DW-NK"/><ref name="AlJ-NK"/> Prior to the transfer of control, Armenians living in the district also set their homes on fire,<ref name="agdamjazeera" /> and on 19 November, ''Agence France-Presse'' reported that Armenian soldiers had destroyed their headquarters in [[Agdam]]. Agdam was a predominantly Azerbaijani town until the 1993 [[Battle of Aghdam|battle over the city]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Azerbaijan enters land ceded by Armenia |url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/7022312/azerbaijan-enters-land-ceded-by-armenia/ |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=The Canberra Times |agency=Australian Associated Press |date=20 November 2020 |language=en-AU}}</ref> after which it became a [[ghost town]],<ref name="agdamjazeera">{{Cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/20/azerbaijan-army-enters-district-handed-over-by-armenia |title=Azerbaijan enters Nagorno-Karabakh district after peace deal |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=20 November 2020 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] }}</ref> referred to by locals as the "[[Hiroshima]] of the [[Caucasus]]".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The story of FK Qarabag: How a team born from war now prepares to host Chelsea in the Champions League |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/fk-qarabag-champions-league-chelsea-preview-how-born-from-war-to-champions-league-debut-a8069506.html |work=[[The Independent]] |date=22 November 2017 |access-date=28 November 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first=Lusine |last=Musayelyan |title=Life Among Ruins of Caucasus' Hiroshima |url=https://iwpr.net/global-voices/life-among-ruins-caucasus-hiroshima |work=[[Institute for War and Peace Reporting]] |access-date=28 November 2020 }}</ref> The ''Associated Press'' reported that [[Agdam Mosque|Aghdam Mosque]], which had been vandalized with [[graffiti]] and used as a stable for cattle and swine, was the town's only structurally whole building.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Kostya |last=Manenkov |url=https://apnews.com/article/azerbaijan-handover-region-armenia-2d0d88c012fdd16732cecd35d134cabf |title=Azerbaijani leader hails handover of region ceded by Armenia |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=24 November 2020 |work=[[Associated Press]] }}</ref> [[Rustam Muradov]], commander of the Russian peacekeeping task force in the region, stated that the handover operation had been carried out without incident.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan-army-enters-aghdam-armenians-flee/30959905.html |title=Azerbaijani Troops Take Control Of Agdam As Armenians Flee |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=20 November 2020 |work=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] }}</ref> The transfer was celebrated in Baku, where cars paraded through the city with Azerbaijani, Russian and Turkish flags.<ref name="wildburning" /> On November 24, with the permission of the Azerbaijani military, some Armenians returned to Gülablı to collect their clothing and were offered residency in Agdam as Azerbaijani citizens.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fbd078e10a1c302d6fbe87c%26A%C4%9Fdam%C4%B1n%20G%C3%BClabl%C4%B1%20k%C9%99ndind%C9%99%20Az%C9%99rbaycan%20h%C9%99rb%C3%A7isi%20il%C9%99%20erm%C9%99ni%20%C9%99halinin%20s%C3%B6hb%C9%99ti%262020-11-24T13%3A15%3A59.499Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:730dfa78-10e5-4625-8720-ceb01a98dd23&pinned_post_asset_id=5fbd078e10a1c302d6fbe87c&pinned_post_type=share |title=Ağdamın Gülablı kəndində Azərbaycan hərbçisi ilə erməni əhalinin söhbəti |date=24 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> On 22 November, the Azerbaijani military reported that it had defused more than 150 mines in the district.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/azerbaijani-military-defuses-more-150-102733023.html |title=Azerbaijani military defuses more than 150 mines in Agdam |date=22 November 2020 |access-date=20 November 2020 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |via=[[Yahoo News]] }}</ref> On 25 November, Kalbajar became the second district to be returned to Azerbaijan.<ref name="RadioFree"/> Armenian forces blew up their military headquarters before evacuating the district.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fbd428165be0302b81c45ba%26%262020-11-24T17%3A27%3A40.932Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:12f464b3-7597-472c-b4c0-0304d20338f2&pinned_post_asset_id=5fbd428165be0302b81c45ba&pinned_post_type=share |title=Ermənistan hərbçiləri Kəlbəcər rayonunu qaytarmazdan əvvəl ordakı erməni hərbi qərargahını partladıblar. |date=24 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/25/azerbaijani-army-enters-kalbajar-region-returned-by-armenia |title=Azerbaijani army enters Kalbajar, region returned by Armenia |date=25 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en }}</ref> Armenians left [[Dadivank]] Monastery, and its abbot decided to transport the monastery's Christian art of significance, including bells and [[khachkar]]s, to Armenia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.am/eng/news/612601.html |title=Father Hovhannes of Artsakh's Dadivank Monastery to bring bells and cross to Armenia |date=10 November 2020 |access-date=12 November 2020 |work=News.am}}</ref> After the withdrawal of Armenian forces from the region, the monastery was placed under the protection of the Russian peacekeeping forces.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1034897.html |title=Dadivank under protection of Russian peacekeepers |date=14 November 2020 |access-date=14 November 2020 |work=Armenpress.am}}</ref> However, on 28 November 2020, the [[Ministry of Defence (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijani Ministry of Defence]] released footage from inside the monastery.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc269bf10a1c302d6fbefc5%26K%C9%99lb%C9%99c%C9%99r%20rayonunun%20V%C9%99ng%20k%C9%99ndind%C9%99n%20video%262020-11-28T15%3A16%3A16.513Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:f67a714e-06b9-4ff2-a2a4-632624a4e168&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc269bf10a1c302d6fbefc5&pinned_post_type=share |title=Kəlbəcər rayonunun Vəng kəndindən video |date=28 November 2020 |access-date=28 November 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service }}</ref> The Azerbaijani authorities allowed the Armenian monks to stay in the monastery. On 4 December 2020, representatives of the [[Udi people|Udi]] community of Azerbaijan visited the monastery and performed a prayer inside.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ru.oxu.az/war/446310 |title=Между удинами и армянскими священниками возник спор в монастыре Худаванг Кельбаджарского района – ВИДЕО |date=4 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=Oxu.az |archive-url=https://archive.is/2gjVi |archive-date=4 December 2020 |language=ru }}</ref> The next day, Rafig Danakari, the deputy chairman of the Udi Christian Orthodox community, was appointed preacher at the monastery.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.azernews.az/nation/173559.html |title=Preacher appointed to Khudavan monastery in Azerbaijan's Kalbajar |date=5 December 2020 |access-date=6 December 2020 |work=AzerNews |archive-url=https://archive.is/kYRCw |archive-date=6 December 2020 |language=en }}</ref> Also, President Aliyev vowed to rebuild and revive Kalbajar District,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apnews.com/article/international-news-azerbaijan-armenia-f1ce47fea3ecb8f85f9b7670f385343c |title=Azerbaijani leader vows to revive region ceded by Armenia |date=25 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=[[Associated Press]] |language=en }}</ref> and there was a celebratory rally in Baku.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fbe688c10a1c302d6fbea60%26K%C9%99lb%C9%99c%C9%99rin%20qaytar%C4%B1lmas%C4%B1%20Bak%C4%B1da%20avtoy%C3%BCr%C3%BC%C5%9Fl%C9%99%20qeyd%20olunub%262020-11-25T14%3A53%3A39.306Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:95664dbb-2668-4ae1-97ad-e2c001b9c3bb&pinned_post_asset_id=5fbe688c10a1c302d6fbea60&pinned_post_type=share |title=Kəlbəcərin qaytarılması Bakıda avtoyürüşlə qeyd olunub |date=25 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> Internally displaced Azerbaijanis from Kalbajar who had settled in Ganja also celebrated the occasion.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fbe103e10a1c302d6fbe9bb%26%262020-11-25T08%3A05%3A34.406Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:4a45088a-d473-4bc7-acdc-d461253b85ae&pinned_post_asset_id=5fbe103e10a1c302d6fbe9bb&pinned_post_type=share |title=Gəncədə məskunlaşan Kəlbəcərdən olan məcburi köçkünlər Kəlbəcər Mədəniyyət Evinin Gəncədə yerləşən inzibati binasının qarşısına toplaşıblar, BBC News Azərbaycan müxbirləri deyiblər. |date=25 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> The [[Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijani Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources]] stated that it would evaluate the mineral deposits of Kalbajar District in order to calculate "the amount of damage caused to Azerbaijan" during the period of Armenian occupation.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.azernews.az/business/173150.html |title=Azerbaijan to monitor fields in Kalbajar – Head of National Geological Exploration Service |date=27 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=AzerNews }}</ref> On 26 November, Armenian media reported that a group of 250 Azerbaijani soldiers had arrived at [[Zod gold mine]], one of the largest gold deposits in the South Caucasus,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Kelbajar%C2%A0gold-depositsto-remain-on-territory-of-Azerbaijan.html |title=Kelbajar gold deposits to remain on territory of Azerbaijan |date=27 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=Vestnik Kavkaza }}</ref> located on the border of Kalbajar District and Gegharkunik Province in Armenia,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc0dedf10a1c302d6fbecec%26Az%C9%99rbaycan%20MN%20Zod%20m%C9%99d%C9%99ni%20il%C9%99%20ba%C4%9Fl%C4%B1%20yay%C4%B1lan%20x%C9%99b%C9%99rl%C9%99r%C9%99%20%C5%9F%C9%99rh%20verm%C9%99yib%262020-11-27T11%3A42%3A42.951Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:c9a5197d-4efa-4ec4-b10e-eb521784e57c&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc0dedf10a1c302d6fbecec&pinned_post_type=share |title=Azərbaycan MN Zod mədəni ilə bağlı yayılan xəbərlərə şərh verməyib |date=27 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/266347/ |title=Глава общины Гегамасар: "Азербайджанские ВС отошли назад в районе Сотка в Армении" |date=27 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=ArmenianReport }}</ref> and demanded its handover, establishing a military post at the mine.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/266327/ |title=В Генштабе ВС Армении не видят поводов для волнения из-за появления азербайджанских солдат в Сотке |date=27 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=ArmenianReport }}</ref> The Armenian defense ministry refuted this account,<ref>{{Cite web |first=Siranush |last=Ghazanchyan |url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/11/26/azerbaijani-troops-have-not-entered-the-area-of-sotk-gold-mine-defense-ministry/ |title=Azerbaijani troops have not entered the area of Sotk gold mine – Defense Ministry |date=26 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=[[Public Radio of Armenia]] }}</ref> stating that Azerbaijani forces, having found an Armenian border checkpoint unacceptable, contacted the Armenian side via loudspeaker and negotiated with Russian peacekeepers over the issue. Armenian and Azerbaijani authorities started to demarcate the border on the same day.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Kristine |last=Aghalaryan |url=https://hetq.am/en/article/124762 |title=Azerbaijani troops have not entered the area of Sotk gold mine – Defense Ministry |date=26 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=Hetq.am }}</ref> Armenian military authorities then stated that half of the mine area had been passed to Azerbaijan.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Seda |last=Ghukasyan |url=https://hetq.am/en/article/124778 |title=Half of Sotk Gold Mine Now in Azerbaijan, Says Armenian Military Official |date=27 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=Hetq.am }}</ref> Ahead of the transfer of [[Lachin District]], a predominantly-Azerbaijani and [[Kurds in Azerbaijan|Kurdish]] populated region before its occupation by the Armenian Armed Forces in 1992,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/azerbaijan-54941977 |title=Laçın – məğrur rayonun hekayəsi |date=1 December 2020 |access-date=1 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> which resulted in its population fleeing the region, and the Armenian forces burning [[Lachin]], the district's administrative center, which was re-settled by ethnic Armenian migrants from Armenia, to Azerbaijan, some ethnic Armenians fled from the city of Lachin,<ref name="vendik">{{Cite web |first=Yuri |last=Vendik |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/features-54930281 |title=Армяне оставляют Лачин, несмотря на конец войны в Карабахе и прибытие российских миротворцев |date=17 November 2020 |access-date=1 December 2020 |work=BBC Russian Service |language=ru }}</ref> despite the Russian supervision over the [[Lachin corridor|land corridor]] passing thorough the city,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc5d44065be0302b81c5174%26Rusiya%20M%C3%BCdafi%C9%99%20Nazirliyi%3A%20La%C3%A7%C4%B1n%20d%C9%99hlizind%C9%99%20h%C9%99r%C9%99k%C9%99t%C9%99%20s%C3%BClhm%C9%99raml%C4%B1lar%20n%C9%99zar%C9%99t%20edir%262020-12-01T05%3A31%3A34.947Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:04ce8c76-c12d-4840-b332-7e7b989d48a5&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc5d44065be0302b81c5174&pinned_post_type=share |title=Rusiya Müdafiə Nazirliyi: Laçın dəhlizində hərəkətə sülhməramlılar nəzarət edir |date=1 December 2020 |access-date=1 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> which links Nagorno-Karabakh with Armenia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tass.com/world/1229757 |title=Azerbaijani troops enter Lachin district in Nagorno-Karabakh |work=TASS |date=30 November 2020 |access-date=1 December 2020 }}</ref> The Russian peacekeepers also set up a post in a town previously called [[Zabux|Zabukh]] by the local Azerbaijanis before it was destroyed in 1992, but later built on the ruins of the village, inhabited by [[Armenians in Lebanon|Lebanese-Armenians]].<ref name="vendik" /> From 27 November, citing the city's self-proclaimed mayor, Narek Aleksanyan, who called on the ethnic Armenian population to not flee the region, the Armenian media alleged that "the agreement has been amended," adding that Lachin, [[Sus, Azerbaijan|Sus]], and Zabukh would not be handed over to Azerbaijan. These claims were refuted by the chairman of the Azerbaijan-based Center for Social Research, MP Zahid Oruj. According to ''BBC Russian Service'' correspondent, Yuri Vekdik, despite Aleksanyan's calls, the vast majority of Armenian settlers in Lachin, as well as the Lebanese-Armenians in Zabux, had fled the region.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/azerbaijan-55136684 |title=Laçın şəhəri ermənilərdəmi qalır? Ermənilərə belə deyilib, amma onlar şəhəri tərk edir |date=30 November 2020 |access-date=1 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> On 1 December, the Azerbaijani forces, with tanks and a column of trucks, entered the district,<ref name="enteredlachin" /> and the Azerbaijani MoD released a footage from the city of Lachin.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc5de8165be0302b81c5176%26Az%C9%99rbaycan%20M%C3%BCdafi%C9%99%20Nazirliyi%20La%C3%A7%C4%B1nda%20d%C3%B6vl%C9%99t%20bayra%C4%9F%C4%B1n%C4%B1n%20as%C4%B1lmas%C4%B1%20bar%C9%99d%C9%99%20video%20yay%C4%B1b%262020-12-01T06%3A12%3A11.913Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:7dd33a7e-7937-4723-b44a-b50d644a41a1&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc5de8165be0302b81c5176&pinned_post_type=share |title=Azərbaycan Müdafiə Nazirliyi Laçında dövlət bayrağının asılması barədə video yayıb |date=1 December 2020 |access-date=1 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> In [[Barda, Azerbaijan|Barda]], IDPs from Lachin, holding the flags of Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Pakistan, celebrated the return of the district.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc60b80fe66a902d10051e9%26B%C9%99rd%C9%99d%C9%99%20la%C3%A7%C4%B1nl%C4%B1lar%20La%C3%A7%C4%B1n%C4%B1n%20qaytar%C4%B1lmas%C4%B1n%C4%B1%20qeyd%20edirl%C9%99r%262020-12-01T09%3A33%3A36.878Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:a166bf54-6e22-464f-825d-0388a3080508&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc60b80fe66a902d10051e9&pinned_post_type=share |title=Bərdədə laçınlılar Laçının qaytarılmasını qeyd edirlər |date=1 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> The Azerbaijani authorities stated that the district had suffered "great damage over the years", while it was administrated by the Republic of Artsakh as its [[Kashatagh Province]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/357087/ |title=Азербайджан взял под контроль Лачин спустя 28 лет |date=1 December 2020 |access-date=1 December 2020 |work=[[Caucasian Knot]] |language=ru }}</ref> According to the Azerbaijani president, Ilham Aliyev, a new corridor will be built in the region as the Lachin corridor passes through the city of Lachin, and when this corridor is ready, the city will be returned to the Azerbaijani administration.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc6011f65be0302b81c5196%26%C4%B0lham%20%C6%8Fliyev%3A%20%22Yeni%20d%C9%99hliz%20haz%C4%B1r%20olandan%20sonra%20La%C3%A7%C4%B1n%20%C5%9F%C9%99h%C9%99ri%20biz%C9%99%20qaytar%C4%B1lacaq%22%262020-12-01T08%3A41%3A47.987Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:2b98175b-1f04-466c-b371-e8b43196ccbb&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc6011f65be0302b81c5196&pinned_post_type=share |title=İlham Əliyev: "Yeni dəhliz hazır olandan sonra Laçın şəhəri bizə qaytarılacaq" |date=1 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> === Turkish-Russian peacekeeping === [[File:Марш российского миротворческого контингента в сторону Лачинского коридора.jpg|250px|thumb|right|The Russian peacekeeping contingent in [[Lachin corridor]].]] The Russian peacekeeping forces, provided by the [[15th Separate Motor Rifle Brigade]] of the [[Russian Ground Forces]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tass.com/world/1229757 |title=Azerbaijani troops enter Lachin district in Nagorno-Karabakh |work=TASS |date=30 November 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.is/CRZ9k |archive-date=1 December 2020 }}</ref> consisting of 1,960 servicemen,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://meduza.io/en/cards/1-960 |title=1,960 Here’s what Russia has pledged (and risked) with peacekeepers in Nagorno-Karabakh |work=[[Meduza]].io |date=11 November 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |language=en }}</ref> and led by Lieutenant General [[Rustam Muradov]], were dispatched to the region as part of the ceasefire agreement to monitor compliance by Armenia and Azerbaijan with its terms.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thearabweekly.com/turkey-widens-footprint-sends-peacekeepers-azerbaijan |title=Turkey widens footprint, sends ‘peacekeepers’ to Azerbaijan |work=The Arab Weekly |date=17 November 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |language=en }}</ref> The peacekeeping forces, headquartered near Stepanakert, established observation posts along the contact line in Nagorno-Karabakh and along the [[Lachin corridor]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/9956043 |title=Россия направила в Нагорный Карабах почти 2 тыс. миротворцев |work=[[TASS]] |date=10 November 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |language=ru }}</ref> ''Reuters'' reported that the peacekeeping forces were accompanied with armoured personnel carriers, tanks and multiple rocket launchers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/armenia-azerbaijan-rockets-int-idUSKBN27W2K1 |title=Russia moves rocket launchers towards Nagorno-Karabakh after peace deal |work=[[Reuters]] |date=16 November 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |language=ru }}</ref> On 17 November, the Russian peacekeeping forces started to assist the [[International Committee of the Red Cross]] on finding and exchanging the bodies of the fallen soldiers from both sides,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/17/armenia-azerbaijan-exchange-troops-bodies-as-part-of-peace-deal |title=Armenia, Azerbaijan exchange troops' bodies after ceasefire |date=17 November 2020 |access-date=29 November 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.is/WQAIE |archive-date=29 November 2020 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] }}</ref> and on 23 November, started demining operations in the region.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/30964878.html |title=Russia Starts Mine Clearance In Karabakh |date=23 November 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|Azatutyun]] |language=en }}</ref> On 11 November, the Russian and Turkish defence ministers signed a [[memorandum of understanding]] last week to create a joint monitoring center in Azerbaijan,<ref name="Turkey, Russia to set up joint center to watch Nagorno-Karabakh peace" /> although the Russian officials stated that Turkey's involvement in the peacekeeping operations will not affect Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref name="apturkishpeace" /> On 16 November, the Turkish government submitted a motion to the [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey|Grand National Assembly]] on deploying peacekeepers in Azerbaijan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/16/turkey-seeks-approval-to-deploy-peacekeepers-in-azerbaijan |title=Turkey seeks approval to deploy peacekeepers in Azerbaijan |date=16 November 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en }}</ref> The Turkish parliament approved the motion following day, giving the [[Turkish Armed Forces]] a one-year mandate on sending troops to Azerbaijan.<ref name="apturkishpeace">{{Cite web |first=Suzan |last=Fraser |url=https://apnews.com/article/turkey-russia-recep-tayyip-erdogan-azerbaijan-armenia-3cc35a16dd70fba816347e95f1072a2d |title=Turkish parliament approves peacekeepers for Azerbaijan |date=18 November 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=[[Associated Press]] |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/turkey-approves-sending-troops-to-joint-russian-monitoring-center-in-azerbaijan/30955412.html |title=Turkey Approves Sending Troops To Joint Russian Monitoring Center In Azerbaijan |date=17 November 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] |language=en }}</ref> On 1 December, the Turkish sappers arrived in Azerbaijan and started [[demining]] the Azerbaijani-controlled territories in the region, alongside the Azerbaijani sappers,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.turan.az/ext/news/2020/12/free/politics%20news/en/130434.htm |title=Turkish Sappers Arrived in Azerbaijan |date=1 December 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |work=[[Turan Information Agency]] |language=en }}</ref> and the following day, the [[Ministry of National Defense (Turkey)|Ministry of National Defence of Turkey]], [[Hulusi Akar]], stated that the Turkish government had agreed with Russia, and that the joint monitoring center was under construction.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://jam-news.net/karabakh-peacekeepers-deployment-russia-turkish-wax-regions-status-azerbaijan-news/ |title=Karabakh: Russian and Turkish peacekeepers, Azerbaijani and Armenian military – who’s where |date=21 November 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=JAMNews |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/azerbaijan-front-line/-turkish-russian-joint-karabakh-center-under-construction-/2063067 |title=Military personnel from Turkey, Russia to work together to make truce lasting in Nagorno-Karabakh: Turkish defense minister |date=2 December 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=[[Anadolu Agency]] |language=en }}</ref> According to the [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Russia)|Minister of Foreign Affairs of Russia]], [[Sergey Lavrov]], the center will operate remotely, using drones and other technical means to monitor possible violations.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20201117-nagorno-karabakh-turkey-to-send-peacekeepers-to-azerbaijan-to-monitor-truce |title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Turkey to send peacekeepers to Azerbaijan to monitor truce |date=2 December 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=[[France24]] |language=en }}</ref> On 16 December, 136 members of the [[Turkish Land Forces]] Special Mine Search Clearance Team were sent to Azerbaijan to assist in the demining of the region, as well as to train mine clearance personnel of Azerbaijan.<ref name="bbcturkdemine">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/azerbaijan-55255861 |title=Bu günün xəbərləri: 136 Türkiyə minaaxtaranı Azərbaycanda, Suqovuşan və Talış kəndlərinə gedən yollar asfaltlanır |date=16 December 2020 |access-date=16 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> By 22 November, 25,000 displaced Armenians had returned to the region.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dw.com/en/nagorno-karabakh-thousands-displaced-by-war-return-home/ |title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Thousands displaced by war return home |date=22 December 2020 |access-date=12 November 2020 |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |language=en }}</ref> On 10 December, the Mayor of Stepanakert stated that about 18,000 displaced Armenians had returned to the city.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ria.ru/20201210/stepanakert-1588586344.html |title=Мэр Степанакерта сообщил, что в город вернулись до 18 тысяч человек |date=10 December 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=[[RIA Novosti]] |language=ru }}</ref> On 11 December, a car belonging to an Armenian civilian collided with a truck of the Russian peacekeeping forces in Stepanakert–Askeran highway.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/267549/ |title=Крупное ДТП в Карабахе с участием машины российских миротворцев: погибли два человека |date=11 December 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=Armenian Report |language=ru }}</ref> === Post-ceasefire clashes === {{Location mark+ | width =320 | image = The situation in the Nagorno-Karabakh region during the peacekeeping operation as of December 12, 2020.jpg | caption = [[Çaylaqqala|Khtsaberd]] and [[Köhnə Tağlar|Hin Tagher]] villages relative to the Russian MoD map depicting the Russian peacekeeping mission as of December 12 established by the [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement]]. | float =ridht | type = thumb | marks = {{Location mark~ | width =320 | label = '''[[Çaylaqqala|Khtsaberd]]''' | background = | mark = Red pog.svg | mark_width =10 | position =left | x = 560 | y = 480 }} {{Location mark~ | width =320 | label = '''[[Köhnə Tağlar|Hin Tagher]]''' | background = | mark = Red pog.svg | mark_width =10 | position =right | x = 580 | y = 500 }}}}{{Location mark+ | width =320 | image = The situation in the Nagorno-Karabakh region during the peacekeeping operation as of December 13, 2020.jpg | caption = [[Çaylaqqala|Khtsaberd]] and [[Köhnə Tağlar|Hin Tagher]] depicted as within the boundaries of the Russian peacekeeping mission as of December 13. | float =ridht | type = thumb | marks = {{Location mark~ | width =320 | label = '''[[Çaylaqqala|Khtsaberd]]''' | background = | mark = Red pog.svg | mark_width =10 | position =left | x = 560 | y = 480 }} {{Location mark~ | width =320 | label = '''[[Köhnə Tağlar|Hin Tagher]]''' | background = | mark = Red pog.svg | mark_width =10 | position =right | x = 580 | y = 500 }}}} The villages of [[Çaylaqqala|Khtsaberd (Çaylaqqala)]] and [[Köhnə Tağlar|Hin Tagher (Köhnə Tağlar)]] as well as the [[Katarovank]] monastery, became an Artsakh holdout in the [[Hadrut Province]] during the war.<ref name=CNDec12/> In mid-December, Azerbaijani media reported that armed Armenian groups were attacking [[Azercell]] employees, who were installing equipment, and on 11 December, that an Azerbaijan soldier was injured as a result of an attack from another group of armed Armenians.<ref name="hadrutrend">{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3348647.html |title=Armenians commit terror act in Nagorno-Karabakh region |date=11 December 2020 |access-date=11 December 2020 |work=[[Trend News Agency]] |language=az }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.azvision.az/news/136508/armenians-carry-out-armed-provocation-in-nagorno-karabakh-region.html |title=Armenians carry out armed provocation in Nagorno-Karabakh region |date=11 December 2020 |access-date=11 December 2020 |work=AzVision |language=az }}</ref> This was confirmed by the Azerbaijani military authorities later on, who stated that three Azerbaijani servicemen were killed and two were wounded as a result of a "sudden attack by the Armenians" in [[Sor, Azerbaijan|Sor]], [[Khojavend District]] on 26 November. Also, according to the ministry, on 8 December, one Azerbaijani serviceman was killed and an [[Azercell]] employee was seriously injured during the installation of communication facilities and transmission equipment near Hadrut. Some Azerbaijani sources have claimed that Armenian servicemen have remained in the forests around Hadrut after the [[Battle of Hadrut|battle over the town]], and stated that these Armenian pockets were related to the clashes. Retired Azerbaijani colonel Shair Ramaldanov had stated that there could be "provocative" and "guerrilla-type" actions from the Armenian forces in the region. However, according to Ramaldanov, the Azerbaijani military authorities were taking "security measures" against them.<ref name="bbchadrut">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/azerbaijan-55285924 |title=Azərbaycan MN: "4 hərbi qulluqçumuz öldürülüb" |date=12 December 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref><ref name="voahadrut">{{Cite web |url=https://www.voanews.com/south-central-asia/azerbaijan-says-4-soldiers-killed-amid-cease-fire-violations-nagorno-karabakh |title=Azerbaijan Says 4 Soldiers Killed Amid Cease-Fire Violations in Nagorno-Karabakh |date=13 December 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |work=[[Voice of America]] |language=en }}</ref> The following day, the [[President of Azerbaijan]], [[Ilham Aliyev]] reiterated the Azerbaijani media reports, calling the incident an "act of terrorism" and<ref name="apahadrutaliyev">{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/az/dagliq_qarabag/Azrbaycan-Prezidenti-son-terror-akti-il-bagli-Ermnistana-v-ermni-yaraqlilarina-xbrdarliq-edib-619420 |title=Azərbaycan Prezidenti son terror aktı ilə bağlı Ermənistana və erməni yaraqlılarına xəbərdarlıq edib |archive-url=https://archive.is/mzg6F |archive-date=12 December 2020 |date=12 December 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=[[Azeri Press Agency]] |language=az }}</ref> threatening to crush Armenian forces with an "iron fist".<ref name="hadrutdw">{{Cite web |url=https://www.dw.com/en/nagorno-karabakh-russian-army-reports-ceasefire-breach/a-55918875 |title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Russian army reports ceasefire breach |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=12 December 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 }}</ref> Later on, the Azerbaijani military authorities accused the Armenian forces of violating the ceasefire and stated that its forces restored the ceasefire.<ref name="hadrutguardian" /> Artsakh authorities refuted that any Armenian forces had attacked Azerbaijani positions, and stated that Azerbaijani forces had launched military operations in the region, injuring six Armenian servicemen,<ref name="hadrutaljazeera">{{Cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/12/13/karabakh-ceasefire-breached-says-russian-army |title=Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire breached with fighting under way |date=13 December 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en }}</ref> while the Azerbaijani ministry of foreign affairs reiterated that the "provocative activity" was committed by the remnants of the Armenian forces.<ref name="bbchadrut" /> Later, Artsakh authorities stated that the Azerbaijani forces had launched a new offensive in [[Çaylaqqala|Khtsaberd]] and [[Köhnə Tağlar|Hin Tagher]], the only settlements in the region that were still controlled by Armenian forces. They noted that the two villages have been fully encircled by the Azerbaijani army, which controls the only road leading to them.<ref name="hadrutguardian" /> The office of the Armenian prime minister urged the Russian peacekeepers to respond.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/267723/ |title=Пресс-секретарь премьер-министра Армении призвала российских миротворцев отреагировать на атаку азербайджанцев |date=12 December 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=Armenian Report |language=ru }}</ref> Artsakh authorities confirmed that the Azerbaijani forces had entered the villages, and stated that the Russian peacekeeping forces had arrived to resolve the situation.<ref name="hadrutcontrol">{{Cite web |url=https://armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/267741/ |title=Айк Ханумян: "Азербайджанцы вошли в села Хцаберд и Ин Тахер, но ведутся переговоры" |date=12 December 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=Armenian Report |language=ru }}</ref> The Armenian President, [[Armen Sarksyan]] stated that Hin Tagher had been captured by Azerbaijani forces on 12 December, continuing their advance towards Khtsaberd.<ref name=AzbarezDec13 /><ref name=RFERLDec13 /> The Russian peacekeeping forces confirmed that the ceasefire was breached,<ref name="hadrutguardian">{{Cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/12/armenian-officials-and-azerbaijan-accuse-of-breeching-nagorno-karabakh-peace-deal |title=Nagorno-Karabakh: both sides blame each other over ceasefire violations |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 December 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 }}</ref> and requested that both sides respect the ceasefire.<ref name="hadrutscmp">{{Cite web |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/world/russia-central-asia/article/3113744/karabakh-ceasefire-ended-conflict-azerbaijan-and |title=Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire that ended conflict in Azerbaijan and Armenia in November breached, says Russian army |date=12 December 2020 |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=[[South China Morning Post]] }}</ref> On 13 December, Hin Tagher came under the control of the Russian peacekeeping contingent.<ref name="russiatagher">{{Cite web |url=https://armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/267768/ |title=Арцахское село Хин тахер, за которое шли ожесточенные бои, перешло под контроль российских миротворцев |date=13 December 2020 |access-date=16 December 2020 |work=Armenian Report |language=ru }}</ref> On the same day, the Armenian president Armen Sarkissian called on the National Assembly to convene an extraordinary session regarding the issue.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/267747/ |title=Президент Армении потребовал от МО и МИД разъяснений по Гадруту и призвал НС созвать внеочередное заседание |date=13 December 2020 |access-date=16 December 2020 |work=Armenian Report |language=ru }}</ref> and the Armenian PM Nikol Pashinyan convened an emergency meeting of the Armenian Security Council.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/267757/ |title=Пашинян созвал экстренное заседание Совбеза Армении |date=13 December 2020 |access-date=16 December 2020 |work=Armenian Report |language=ru }}</ref> However, the next day, the Russian Ministry of Defence released a map showing both villages outside of the borders of the peacekeeping mission,<ref name="infografika">{{Cite web |url=http://mil.ru/russian_peacekeeping_forces/infograf.htm |title=Инфографика |date=14 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=Ministry of Defence of Russia |language=ru }}</ref> and both came under Azerbaijan's control.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/azerbaijan-55253513 |title=Hadrutun iki kəndi yenidən Azərbaycanın nəzarətindədir |date=13 December 2020 |access-date=16 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> On 15 December, the Azerbaijani sources shared footage, apparently showing over 100 Armenian POWs from the Hadrut region. The following day, Artsakh authorities stated that they had started an investigation to identify the people in the videos,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/268004/ |titleМинобороны Армении ждет разъяснений от Армии обороны Арцаха о видеозаписях пленения азербайджанцами армянских военных |date=15 December 2020 |access-date=16 December 2020 |work=Armenian Report |language=ru }}</ref> and then reported that about 60 Armenian servicemen went missing.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-55329493 |title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Dozens of Armenian soldiers 'captured in raid' |date=16 December 2020 |access-date=16 December 2020 }}</ref> Hours later, Artsakh authorities confirmed several dozen of the troops were captured by the Azerbaijani forces.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-military/nagorno-karabakh-accuses-azeri-forces-of-capturing-its-troops-despite-ceasefire-deal-idUSKBN28Q1AR Nagorno-Karabakh accuses Azeri forces of capturing troops despite ceasefire]</ref> Meanwhile, the Armenian media reported that the Azerbaijani forces allowed about 30 Armenian soldiers who were encircled to leave the region with the help of the Russian peacekeeping forces.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/268041/ |title=Более 30 оказавшихся в азербайджанском окружении армянских военных смогли выбраться |date=16 December 2020 |access-date=16 December 2020 |work=Armenian Report |language=ru }}</ref> Then, the people in [[Shirak Province|Shirak]] blocked the road leading to the [[Armenia–Georgia border]], demanding the return of the Armenian POWs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/268027/ |title=Возмущенные тем, что правительство не интересуется пропавшими солдатами, жители Ширака перекрыли дорогу |date=16 December 2020 |access-date=16 December 2020 |work=Armenian Report |language=ru }}</ref> == Casualties, equipment losses and infrastructure damage == {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | image1 = | caption1 = Rescue teams in [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]], second-largest city of [[Azerbaijan]], at a site hit by an [[2020 Ganja ballistic missile attacks|attack]]. | image2 = Stepanakert on October 4, 2020.webm | thumbtime2 = 00:27 | caption2 = [[Stepanakert]], the capital city of the [[Republic of Artsakh]], has been heavily damaged by [[2020 bombardment of Stepanakert|shelling during the conflict]]. }} {{main|Casualties of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war}} Casualties have been high,<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|title=The human cost of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/12/the-human-cost-of-the-nagorno-karabakh-conflict|access-date=2020-10-15|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref> officially in the low thousands. According to official figures released by the belligerents, Armenia lost 2,996 troops killed,<ref name="ArmenianKIA">{{Cite news|date=2020-12-11|title=Artsakh military death toll reaches 2996 as retrieval and identification of bodies continues|language=en-GB|work=Armenpress|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1037547.html|access-date=2020-12-11}}</ref> while Azerbaijan lost 2,783 troops killed with more than 100 [[missing in action]].<ref name="APNewslosses">{{cite web | url =https://apnews.com/article/ilham-aliyev-baku-europe-azerbaijan-armenia-60f557a66cea75d936f1299a7eb4d643|title=Azerbaijan says 2,783 troops killed over Nagorno-Karabakh |publisher=AP| date=3 December 2020| accessdate =3 December 2020}}</ref> However, it was noted that the sides downplayed the number of their own casualties and exaggerated the numbers of enemy casualties and injuries.<ref name="jamnews">{{cite web | url =https://jam-news.net/karabakh-casualties-experts-opinion/|title=Military experts from Armenia and Azerbaijan question official casualty figures |publisher=JAMnews| date=3 October 2020| accessdate =18 October 2020}}</ref> Civilian areas, including major cities, have been hit, including Azerbaijan's second-largest city, Ganja, and the region's capital, Stepanakert, with many buildings and homes destroyed.<ref>{{cite news|date=2020-10-05|title=In pictures: Fighting rages in Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54418901|access-date=2020-10-05|archive-date=2020-10-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005180202/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54418901|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2020-10-04|title=Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: Major cities hit as heavy fighting continues|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54407436|access-date=2020-10-05|archive-date=2020-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004100202/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54407436|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Ghazanchetsots Cathedral]] has also been damaged.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ronzheimer |first1=Paul|last2=Moutafis|first2=Giorgos|date=9 October 2020|title=Church bombed to ruins|language=de|publisher=Bild|url=https://m.bild.de/politik/international/bild-international/bild-reporter-at-armenian-frontline-church-bombed-to-ruins-73330690,view=amp.bildMobile.html|archive-url=https://archive.vn/xwnWw|archive-date=9 October 2020}}</ref> Several outlets reported increased cases of [[COVID-19]] in Nagorno-Karabakh, particularly the city of Stepanakert, where the population is forced to live in overcrowded [[bunker]]s, due to Azerbaijan artillery and drone strikes, and difficulty in testing and contact tracing.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/virus-outbreak-pandemics-azerbaijan-armenia-europe-14f519a45ce899c2c7a52cba7c876850|title=Coronavirus spreads in Nagorno-Karabakh amid heavy fighting|date=2020-10-21|website=apnews.com|agency=Associated Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/coronavirus/coronavirus-thrives-in-karabakh-s-bomb-shelters-1.5159270|title=Coronavirus thrives in Karabakh's bomb shelters|date=2020-10-24|website=ctvnews.ca|publisher=CTV News}}</ref> === Casualties === ==== Civilians ==== The Armenian authorities stated that 55 Armenian civilians were killed during the war,<ref name="ArmenianKIA2"/> while another 40 went missing.<ref name="Armmissing">{{Cite web |url=https://oc-media.org/armenia-awaits-complete-numbers-of-killed-soldiers-and-pows/ |title=Armenia awaits complete numbers of killed soldiers and POWs |date=10 December 2020 |access-date=16 December 2020 |work=OC-Media |language=en }}</ref> According to Azerbaijani sources, the Armenian military has targeted densely populated areas containing civilian structures.<ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=One more civil person killed as a result of shelling of residential settlements by Armenia|website=apa.az|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/One-more-civil-person-killed-as-a-result-of-shelling-of-residential-settlements-by-Armenia-331411|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> As of 9 November 2020, the [[Prosecutor General's Office of Azerbaijan|Prosecutor General's Office of the Republic of Azerbaijan]] stated that during the war, as a result of reported shelling by Armenian artillery and rocketing, 100 people had been killed, while 416 people had been wounded.<ref name="AzerCivs"/> Also, during the post-war clashes, the Azerbaijani authorities stataed that an [[Azercell]] employee was seriously injured during the installation of communication facilities and transmission equipment near [[Hadrut]].<ref name="bbchadrut" /> As of 23 October 2020, the Armenian authorities has stated that the conflict had displaced more than half of Nagorno-Karabakh's population or approximately 90,000 people.<ref name="riadisplaced"/> The [[International Rescue Committee]] has also claimted that more than half of the population of Nagorno-Karabakh has been displaced by the conflict.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rescue.org/article/crisis-watch-breaking-news-international-rescue-committee|title=Crisis Watch: Breaking news from the International Rescue Committee|date=2020-11-07|website=rescue.org|publisher=International Rescue Committee}}</ref> As of 2 November 2020, the Azerbaijani authorities has stated that the conflict had displaced approximately 40,000 people in Azerbaijan.<ref name="azerbaijandisplaced"/> Seven journalists have been injured.<ref name=":12"/><ref name="anarshushali"/> On 1 October 2020, two French journalists from ''[[Le Monde]]'' covering the clashes in [[Khojavend (town)|Khojavend]] were injured by Azerbaijani shellfire.<ref>"[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/01/two-french-reporters-injured-amid-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict Two French reporters "injured" amid Armenia–Azerbaijan conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007002854/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/01/two-french-reporters-injured-amid-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict|date=2020-10-07}}", ''The Guardian'' 1 October 2020</ref> A week later, three Russian journalists reporting in [[Shusha]] were seriously injured by an Azerbaijani attack.<ref>"[https://armenpress.am/arm/news/1030925.html Շուշիի Ղազանչեցոց եկեղեցու հրթիռակոծությունից վիրավորված ռուս լրագրողներից մեկի վիճակը ծայրահեղ ծանր է] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011141032/https://armenpress.am/arm/news/1030925.html |date=2020-10-11}}" ArmenPress 8 October 2020</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.am/eng/news/606904.html|title=Russia MFA: Russian reporters wounded in Nagorno-Karabakh conflict zone to be transported to Yerevan|publisher=Armenia News|date=10 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011141035/https://news.am/eng/news/606904.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On 19 October 2020, according to Azerbaijani sources, an Azerbaijani [[AzTV]] journalist received shrapnel wounds from Armenian shellfire in Aghdam District.<ref name="anarshushali">{{cite news |url=https://ria.ru/20201019/karabakh-1580506732.html|title=Азербайджан заявил о четырех пострадавших при обстреле Агдамского района|date=19 October 2020|access-date=19 October 2020|publisher=RIA Novosti |language=ru}}</ref> [[File:Azerbaijani combattants of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.jpg|thumb|left|Wounded Azerbaijani servicemen attending the [[Baku Victory Parade of 2020|victory parade]] on 10 December.]] ==== Military ==== Artsakh authorities reported the deaths of 2,996 servicemen during the conflict,<ref name="ArmenianKIA1"/> while the Azerbaijani authorities stated that more than 5,000 Armenian servicemen were killed, and several times more were wounded as of 28 October 2020.<ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan">{{cite news|url=http://interfax.az/view/817779 |title=ВС Армении потеряли убитыми порядка 5 тыс. человек в ходе боевых действий в Карабахе – президент Азербайджана |work=Interfax |date=28 October 2020 |access-date=3 December 2020 |language=ru }}</ref> After the war, the former director of the Armenian National Security Service, [[Artur Vanetsyan]], had also stated that some 5,000 Armenians were killed during the war.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/265642/ |title=Артур Ванецян: "Поражение Армении в войне – результат некомпетентного управления" |work=Armenian Report |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=25 September 2020 |language=ru }}</ref> Also, the Armenian authorities had stated that about 60 Armenian servicemen were captured by Azerbaijan as prisoners of war.<ref name="ARMPOW1">{{Cite web |url=https://armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/266832/ |title=МИД Армении и Красный Крест объединят усилия для решения вопроса пленных |date=2 December 2020 |access-date=2 December 2020 |work=Armenian Report |language=ru }}</ref> During the post-war clashes, the Armenian government stated that several dozen more of their servicemen were captured,<ref name="sevdozcap" /> and 60 others went missing.<ref name="ARMmiss" /> On 27 October 2020, Artsakh authorities stated that its defense minister [[Jalal Harutyunyan]] was wounded in action.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/27/jalal-harutyunyan-wounded-mikael-arzumanyan-appointed-artsakh-defense-minister/|title=Jalal Harutyunyan wounded, Mikael Arzumanyan appointed Artsakh Defense Minister|date=27 October 2020|access-date=27 October 2020}}</ref> However, unofficial Azerbaijani military sources alleged that he was killed and released footage apparently showing the assassination from a drone camera.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://teleqraf.com/news/ermenistan/266523.html|title=Arutunyan belə məhv edilib – Video|date=27 October 2020|access-date=27 October 2020|language=az|website=Teleqraf.com}}</ref> During the conflict, the government of Azerbaijan did not reveal the number of its military casualties.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54338454|title=Armenia–Azerbaijan conflict: Casualties mount in Nagorno-Karabakh battle|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|date=29 September 2020|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=5 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005135938/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54338454|url-status=live}}</ref> On 3 December, Azerbaijan stated that 2,783 of its soldiers had been killed during the war, while another 100 went missing.<ref name="2783soldiers">{{Cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/12/3/azerbaijan-says-2783-soldiers-killed-in-nagorno-karabakh-clashes |title=Azerbaijan says 2,783 soldiers killed in Nagorno-Karabakh clashes |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |date=3 December 2020 |access-date=3 December 2020 |language=en }}</ref> Also, Azerbaijani authorities stated that four more Azerbaijani servicemen were killed during the post-war clashes.<ref name="bbchadrut" /> On 23 October 2020, President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, confirmed that [[Shukur Hamidov]] who was made [[National Hero of Azerbaijan]] in 2016, was killed during the operations in [[Qubadli District]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.turan.az/ext/news/2020/10/free/politics%20news/en/129051.htm |title=Hero of Azerbaijan Shukur Hamidov Died|date=23 October 2020|access-date=26 October 2020|agency=Turan Information Agency}}</ref> This was the first military casualty officially confirmed by the government. However, Armenian and Artsakh authorities have claimed 7,630 Azerbaijani soldiers and Syrian mercenaries were killed.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/11/08/azerbaijans-military-death-toll-reaches-7630/|title=Azerbaijan's military death toll reaches 7,630|website=armenpress.am|access-date=8 November 2020|date=8 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1031389.html|title=Artsakh's Defense Army publishes another list of casualties|newspaper=Armenpress|date=12 October 2020|access-date=12 October 2020}}</ref> The [[Syrian Observatory for Human Rights]] documented the death of at least 541 Syrian fighters or mercenaries fighting for Azerbaijan.<ref name="syriandead"/> On 14 November 2020, the Observatory reported the death of a commander of the [[Syrian National Army|Syrian National Army's]] [[Hamza Division (Aleppo)|Hamza Division]].<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-11-14|title= Turkish-backed mercenaries {{!}} Nearly 800 Syrian fighters killed in Libya and Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/192201/|access-date=2020-11-14|publisher=The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights}}</ref> === Infrastructure damage === [[File:Damaged Ghazanchetsots Cathedral in Shushi.png|thumb|right|upright=0.9|The [[Armenian Apostolic Church|Armenian Apostolic]] [[Ghazanchetsots Cathedral]] in [[Shusha]] was [[2020 Ghazanchetsots Cathedral shelling|shelled twice]] during the conflict.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Armenia accuses Azerbaijan of shelling Shusha cathedral |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54465172|agency=BBC News|date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://archive.vn/6BeN7|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54488386|title=Armenia Azerbaijan: Reports of fresh shelling dent ceasefire hopes|work=BBC News|date=11 October 2020|access-date=11 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Ronzheimer|first1=Paul|last2=Moutafis|first2=Giorgos|title=Church bombed to ruins|url=https://m.bild.de/politik/international/bild-international/bild-reporter-at-armenian-frontline-church-bombed-to-ruins-73330690,view=amp.bildMobile.html|publisher=Bild|date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://archive.vn/xwnWw|archive-date=9 October 2020|language=de}}</ref>]] [[File:Sharapnell damages to a house in Tartar (cropped).png|thumb|right|Azerbaijani authorities had stated that over a thousand civilian objects were damaged in the territory of the [[Tartar District]] as a result of the [[Bombardment of Tartar|bombardment of the district]].<ref name="mammadov2"/><ref name="heydarov">{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/az/dagliq_qarabag/Isci-Qrupun-rhbri-Trtrd-islri-yekunlasdirmaq-ucun-daha-3-komkci-qrup-yaradilacaq-616625 |title=İşçi Qrupun rəhbəri: "Tərtərdə işləri yekunlaşdırmaq üçün daha 3 köməkçi qrup yaradılacaq" |date=24 November 2020 |access-date=11 December 2020 |work=[[Azeri Press Agency]] |language=az }}</ref>]] The [[Ghazanchetsots Cathedral]] in [[Shusha]] [[2020 Ghazanchetsots Cathedral shelling|has been damaged]]. On 19 October 2020, strong fire broke out in a cotton plant in [[Azad Qaraqoyunlu]], [[Tartar District]], as a result of the Armenian artillery shelling, with several large hangars of the plant getting completely burned down.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://ria.ru/20201019/pozhar-1580535542.html|title=В азербайджанском Тертере загорелся хлопковый завод после обстрелов|date=19 October 2020|access-date=19 October 2020|language=ru|publisher=RIA Novosti}}</ref> An Armenian-backed Nagorno-Karabakh human rights ombudsman report noted 5,800 private properties destroyed and 520 private vehicles, with damage to 960 items of civilian infrastructure, and industrial and public and objects.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://yerkirmedia.am/hy/article/2020/10/11/23899/|title=Արցախում լրջորեն վնասվել է ավելի քան 5800 անշարժ գույք|work=[[Yerkir Media]]|date=11 October 2020|access-date=3 December 2020}}</ref> On 16 November 2020, the [[Prosecutor General's Office of Azerbaijan|Prosecutor General's Office of the Republic of Azerbaijan]] reported 3,410 private houses, 512 civilian facilities, and 120 multi-storey residential buildings being damaged throughout the war.<ref name="AzerCivs" /> === Equipment losses === By 7 October 2020, Azerbaijan reported to have destroyed about 250 tanks and other armored vehicles; 150 other military vehicles; 11 command and command-observation posts; 270 artillery units and [[MLRS]]s, including a [[BM-27 Uragan]]; 60 Armenian anti-aircraft systems, including 4 S-300 and 25 [[9K33 Osa]]s; 18 UAVs and 8 arms depots.<ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan"/><ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan2">{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Azerbaijan's-MoD:-Up-to-200-tanks-228-artillery-cannons-300-units-of-air-defense-systems-of-Armenia-destroyed-331801|title=Azerbaijan's MoD: Up to 200 tanks, 228 artillery cannons, 300 units of air defense systems of Armenia destroyed|website=apa.az|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020 |archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001213252/https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Azerbaijan%27s-MoD%3A-Up-to-200-tanks-228-artillery-cannons-300-units-of-air-defense-systems-of-Armenia-destroyed-331801|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan3">{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/frontline-news/Azerbaijani-MoD:-List-of-the-enemy's-destroyed-military-equipment-colorredLISTcolor-332284|title=Azerbaijani MoD: List of the enemy's destroyed military equipment|website=apa.az|date=7 October 2020|access-date=7 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="armenianlossesperazerbaijan4">{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Azerbaijani-President-announces-list-of-destroyed-and-looted-military-equipment-of-Armenia-332516|title=Azerbaijani President announces list of destroyed and looted military equipment of Armenia|website=apa.az|date=9 October 2020|access-date=9 October 2020|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011141826/https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Azerbaijani-President-announces-list-of-destroyed-and-looted-military-equipment-of-Armenia-332516|url-status=live}}</ref> destroyed. As of 16 October 2020, the Azerbaijani President stated that the Armenian losses were at US$2&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite news|date=16 October 2020|title=Ilham Aliyev: Armenian army suffers damage of US$2 billion|agency=Report Information Agency|url=https://report.az/en/nagorno-karabakh-conflict/ilham-aliyev-armenian-army-suffers-damage-of-2-billion/|access-date=20 October 2020}}</ref> In turn an Azerbaijani helicopter was stated to have been damaged, but its crew had apparently returned it to Azerbaijani-controlled territory without casualties.<ref name="azerbaijanihelicoptersurvived">{{cite news |url=https://report.az/herbi-xeberler/terterde-zedelenen-doyus-helikopteri-pesekarliqla-oz-erazimize-endirilib/|title=Tərtərdə zədələnən döyüş helikopteri peşəkarlıqla öz ərazimizə endirilib|access-date=29 September 2020|date=27 September 2020|website=report.az|publisher=Report Information Agency|language=az|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001213053/https://report.az/herbi-xeberler/terterde-zedelenen-doyus-helikopteri-pesekarliqla-oz-erazimize-endirilib/|url-status=live}}</ref> Later it was reported that on 12 October 2020, Azerbaijan had destroyed one [[OTR-21 Tochka#Scarab B|Tochka-U]] missile launcher. On 14 October 2020, Azerbaijan stated it had further destroyed five [[T-72]] tanks, three [[BM-21 Grad]] rocket launchers, one 9K33 Osa missile system, one [[BMP-2]] vehicle, one [[100 mm air defense gun KS-19|KS-19]] air defense gun, two [[122 mm howitzer 2A18 (D-30)|D-30]] howitzers and several Armenian army automobiles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3316263.html|title=Военная техника ВС Армении, уничтоженная сегодня ночью – СПИСОК|publisher=Trend News Agency|language=ru|date=14 October 2020|access-date=14 October 2020}}</ref> On the same day, Azerbaijan announced the destruction of three [[R-17 Elbrus]] [[tactical ballistic missile]] launchers that had been targeting [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]] and [[Mingachevir]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mod.gov.az/az/news/yasayis-menteqelerimizi-hedefe-alan-dusmen-raketleri-bolmelerimizin-qabaqlayici-zerbesi-ile-siradan-cixarilib-32975.html |title=Yaşayış məntəqələrimizi hədəfə alan düşmən raketləri bölmələrimizin qabaqlayıcı zərbəsi ilə sıradan çıxarılıb|publisher=Ministry of Defense of Azerbaijan|language=az|date=14 October 2020|access-date=14 October 2020}}</ref> BBC reporters confirmed the destruction of at least one tactical ballistic missile launcher in the vicinity of [[Vardenis]], close to the border with Azerbaijan, and posted photo evidence in support of this information.<ref>{{cite news |title=Где были ракетные комплексы Армении, которые разбомбил Азербайджан? Репортаж Би-би-си |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-54550977 |access-date=21 November 2020 |agency=BBC |date=15 October 2020}}</ref> Later American journalist Josh Friedman posted a high quality video of a destroyed Armenian ballistic missile launcher.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Friedman |first1=Josh |title=Scud Missile Taken Out In Armenia Near Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Fb_I9UPW4U |website=YouTube |access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref> Armenian and Artsakh authorities initially reported the downing of four Azerbaijani helicopters and the destruction of ten tanks and [[IFV]]s, as well as 15 drones.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|title=Ոչնչացվել են հակառակորդի 4 ուղղաթիռ, շուրջ 15 ԱԹՍ, 10 տանկ և հետևակի մարտական մեքենա. ԼՂ ՊՆ|url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/30860621.html|website=«Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան|access-date=2020-10-11|archive-date=2020-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929175806/https://www.azatutyun.am/a/30860621.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Later the numbers were revised to 36 tanks and armored personnel vehicles destroyed, two armored combat engineering vehicles destroyed and four helicopters and 27 unmanned aerial vehicles downed all within the first day of hostilities.<ref name="31killed">{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=Armenia military top brass hold tactical consultation|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029179.html|access-date=28 September 2020|archive-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002201953/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029179.html|url-status=live}}</ref> They released footage showing the [[Cooking off#Tanks|destruction]] or damage of five Azerbaijani tanks.<ref>{{cite web|date=27 September 2020|title=Tanks Ablaze As Azerbaijani Forces Attack Armenian Troops In Disputed Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/sebastienroblin/2020/09/27/tanks-ablaze-as-azerbaijani-forces-attack-armenian-troops-in-disputed-nagorno-karabakh/#7c73fb172f90|work=Forbes|access-date=11 October 2020 |archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009181317/https://www.forbes.com/sites/sebastienroblin/2020/09/27/tanks-ablaze-as-azerbaijani-forces-attack-armenian-troops-in-disputed-nagorno-karabakh/#7c73fb172f90|url-status=live}}</ref> Over the course of 2 October, the Artsakh Defence Army said they had destroyed 39 Azerbaijani military vehicles, including a [[T-90]] tank; four [[SU-25]] fighter-bombers; three [[Mi-24]] attack helicopters; and 17 UAVs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Իրավիճակի ամփոփում ժ. 18։00 դրությամբ. 02.10.2020թ.|trans-title=Situation summary h. As of 18:00. 02.10.2020 |url=https://razm.info/146648|website=razm.info|date=2 October 2020|language=hy|access-date=11 October 2020|archive-date=7 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007231427/https://razm.info/146648|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Dutch warfare research group Oryx, which documents visually confirmed losses on both sides, Armenia lost 222 tanks (destroyed: 134, damaged: 5, captured: 83), 58 armored fighting vehicles (destroyed: 25, captured: 33), and 540 trucks, vehicles and jeeps (destroyed: 261, damaged: 8, captured: 271), while Azerbaijan lost 36 tanks (destroyed: 22, damaged: 11, abandoned: 1, captured: 2, captured but later lost: 1), 14 armored fighting vehicles (destroyed: 2, damaged: 1, abandoned: 4, captured: 9), 31 trucks, vehicles and jeeps (destroyed: 16, damaged: 9, abandoned: 5, captured: 2), as well 11 old [[An-2]] aircraft, used as unmanned bait in order for Armenia to reveal the location of air defense systems. Oryx only counts destroyed vehicles and equipment of which photo or videographic evidence is available, and therefore, the actual number of equipment destroyed is higher.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Fight For Nagorno-Karabakh: Documenting Losses on The Sides Of Armenia and Azerbaijan |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2020/09/the-fight-for-nagorno-karabakh.html |website=Oryx |access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref> == Analysis == === Nationalist sentiment === {{Further|Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan|Anti-Azerbaijani sentiment in Armenia}} While Armenians and Azerbaijanis lived side by side under Soviet rule, the collapse of the Soviet Union contributed to [[racialization]] and fierce [[nationalism]], causing both Armenians and Azerbaijanis to [[stereotype]] each other, shaping respective sociopolitical discourses.<ref name=":8">{{cite web|last=Oskanian|first=Kevork|title=Perspectives {{!}} Stereotypes and hatred drive the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict {{!}} Eurasianet|url=https://eurasianet.org/perspectives-stereotypes-and-hatred-drive-the-nagorno-karabakh-conflict|access-date=2020-10-11|website=eurasianet.org}}</ref> Before, during and after the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, the growth of anti-Armenian and anti-Azerbaijan sentiment resulted in ethnic violence, including pogroms against Armenians in Azerbaijan, as in [[Sumgait pogrom|Sumgait]] and [[Baku pogrom|Baku]],<ref name="Cornell">{{cite book|last=Cornell|first=Svante|title=Azerbaijan Since Independence |publisher=M.E. Sharpe|year=2010|isbn=978-0765630032|page=48}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rferl.org: Nagorno-Karabakh: Timeline Of The Long Road To Peace |url=http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1065626.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329025222/http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1065626.html|archive-date=29 March 2014|access-date=2 January 2020}}</ref><ref name="rferl2">{{cite news|date=3 February 2003|title=Newsline|newspaper=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1142847.html|url-status=live |access-date=31 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006122039/http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1142847.html|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=17 June 2013 |title=The South Caucasus Between The EU and the Eurasian Union|url=http://www.css.ethz.ch/publications/pdfs/CAD-51-52.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029210003/http://www.css.ethz.ch/publications/pdfs/CAD-51-52.pdf|archive-date=29 October 2013|access-date=3 July 2013|work=Caucasus Analytical Digest #51–52 |publisher=Forschungsstelle Osteuropa, Bremen and Center for Security Studies, Zürich|page=21|issn=1867-9323}}</ref> and against Azerbaijanis in Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh, as at [[Gugark massacre|Gugark]] and [[1988 violence in Shusha and Stepanakert|Stepanakert]].<ref name="nytgugark">{{cite web|last=Barringer|first=Felicity|date=7 December 1988|title=3 More Killed in Soviet Ethnic Protest |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/07/world/3-more-killed-in-soviet-ethnic-protest.html|access-date=5 November 2020|newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="bbcpogrom">{{cite web|date=August 29, 2005|title=Карабах: хронология конфликт|trans-title=Karabakh: Chronology of the conflict|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/russian/news/newsid_3681000/3681079.stm|archive-url=http://archive.is/N7Cn|archive-date=July 11, 2012|access-date=5 November 2020|work=BBC Russian Service|publisher=BBC|language=ru}}</ref><ref name="trud">{{cite web|last=Khlystun|first=Victor|date=1 February 2001|title=10 БАЛЛОВ ПО ШКАЛЕ ПОЛИТБЮРО|trans-title=10 POINTS ON THE POLITBURO SCALE|url=https://www.trud.ru/article/01-02-2001/18874_10_ballov_po_shkale_politbjuro.html|access-date=5 November 2020|newspaper=Trud|language=ru}}</ref><ref name="kavkazpogrom">{{cite journal|last=Papyan|first=Mane |date=22 April 2015|title=Gugark after Sumgait|url=https://caucasusedition.net/gugark-after-sumgait/|journal=Caucasus Edition|language=ru|archive-url=https://archive.is/w4M0c|archive-date=5 November 2020 |access-date=5 November 2020}}</ref> The incitement of hatred and promotion of hate speech is one of the main obstacles to creating the necessary conditions for a peace process.<ref>{{cite web|date=28 April 2017|title=Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination examines the report of Armenia |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=21550&LangID=E|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007070421/http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=21550&LangID=E|archive-date=7 October 2017|website=ohchr.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2020-10-14|title=Karabakh war leaves civilians shell-shocked and bitter|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54522278|access-date=2020-10-14}}</ref>{{verification needed|date=November 2020}} === Azerbaijani aims === [[File:Nj-38-4-stepanakert-ussr-iran-croppedv1.png|thumb|right|Most of Azerbaijan's initial successful advances were concentrated in the areas located along the [[Aras (river)|Aras River]], which has less mountainous terrain compared to the region's northern and central territories.]] In a 27 September 2020 interview, regional expert [[Thomas de Waal]] said that it was highly unlikely that hostilities were initiated by the Armenian side, as they were already in possession of the disputed territory and were incentivized to normalize the [[status quo]], while "for various reasons, Azerbaijan calculate[d] that military action w[ould] win it something".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ahvalnews.com/azerbaijan-armenia/armenia-lacks-incentives-launch-military-action-now-azerbaijan-moved-first|title=Armenia lacks incentives to launch military action now, Azerbaijan moved in first |first1=Thomas|last1=de Waal|publisher=Ahval News|date=27 September 2020}}</ref> The suspected immediate goal of the Azerbaijani offensive was to capture the districts of [[Fuzuli District|Fuzuli]] and [[Jabrayil District|Jabrayil]] in southern Nagorno-Karabakh, where the terrain is less mountainous and more favorable for offensive operations.<ref name="eurasianet_290920"/> According to Russian military expert Mikhail Khodarenok, Azerbaijan had carefully planned and prepared the offensive operation; however, he added that the Azerbaijani army did not appear to complete its initial objectives during the first five days of the clashes, taking neither Fuzuli nor [[Mardakert]].<ref name="eadaily_021020">{{cite web|date=2 October 2020|title='Забуксовала, заглохла': эксперт о военной операции Азербайджана в Карабахе |url=https://eadaily.com/ru/news/2020/10/02/zabuksovala-zaglohla-ekspert-o-voennoy-operacii-azerbaydzhana-v-karabahe|publisher=EurAsia Daily|language=ru|quote=Азербайджанская армия не выполнила за 5 дней ни одной задачи первого дня. Михаил Ходарёнок}}</ref> Similarly, political scientist Arkady Dubnov of the [[Carnegie Moscow Center]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Аркадий Дубнов |url=https://carnegie.ru/commentary/experts/1113|access-date=2020-10-08|publisher=Carnegie Moscow Center|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Аркадий Дубнов|url=https://globalaffairs.ru/authors/arkadij-dubnov/|access-date=2020-10-08|website=Россия в глобальной политике|language=ru}}</ref> believed that Azerbaijan had launched the offensive to improve Azerbaijan's position in a suitable season for hostilities in the terrain.<ref>{{cite web|last=Аркадий|first=Дубнов|title=Карабах: вулкан проснулся — Аркадий Дубнов — В круге СВЕТА — Эхо Москвы, 29.09.2020|url=https://echo.msk.ru/programs/sorokina/2716421-echo/|access-date=2020-10-08|website=Эхо Москвы|language=ru}}</ref> === Turkey and Russia === {{See also|Russia–Turkey proxy conflict}} The [[geostrategy|geostrategic]] interests of Russia and Turkey in the region were widely commented upon during the war.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.evnreport.com/politics/the-2020-artsakh-war-what-the-world-lacks-now-is-leadership|title=The 2020 Artsakh War: What the World Lacks Now Is Leadership -- evnreport.com|website=evnreport.com|access-date=3 December 2020}}</ref> Both were described as benefiting from the ceasefire agreement, with ''The Economist'' stating that for Russia, China and Turkey, "all sides stand to benefit economically".<ref name="economist-bloody">{{cite news |title=A peace deal ends a bloody war over Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.economist.com/europe/2020/11/14/a-peace-deal-ends-a-bloody-war-over-nagorno-karabakh |access-date=18 November 2020 |work=The Economist |date=14 November 2020}}</ref> In late October, [[2020 Kafr Takharim airstrike|massed Russian airstrikes]] targetted a training camp for [[Sham Legion|Failaq al-Sham]], one of the largest Turkish-backed Sunni Islamist rebel groups in Syria's Idlib province, killing 78 militants in an act widely interpreted as a warning shot to Ankara over the latter's involvement in the Nagorno-Karabakh fighting.<ref>{{cite news |title=Turkish-backed Syrian rebels killed in Russian airstrike |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/turkish-backed-syrian-rebels-killed-in-russian-airstrike/ar-BB1arD6d |access-date=22 November 2020 |work=MSN News |date=27 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Air raids in northwest Syria camp kill dozens of rebel fighters |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/26/airstrike-in-northwestern-syria-kills-over-50-rebel-fighters |access-date=22 November 2020 |work=Al Jazeera |date=26 October 2020}}</ref> ====Turkey==== Azerbaijan and Turkey are bound by ethnic, cultural and historic ties, and both countries refer to [[Azerbaijan–Turkey relations|their relationship]] as being one between "two states, one nation".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/turkey-territorial-disputes-azerbaijan-ankara-armenia-9a95d9690569623adedffe8c16f3588d |first=Suzan|last=Fraser|title=AP Explains: What lies behind Turkish support for Azerbaijan|date=20 October 2020|access-date=20 October 2020|work=Associated Press}}</ref> Turkey (then the [[Ottoman Empire]]) helped Azerbaijan, previously part of the [[Russian Empire]] [[Azerbaijan Democratic Republic|gain its independence]] in 1918, and became the first country to recognize Azerbaijan's independence from the [[Soviet Union]] in 1991.<ref>{{cite web|first=Chinara|last=Musayeva|url=https://tasam.org/Files/Icerik/File/history_of_azerbaijan_-_turkey_relations_e78c28df-19cc-4d90-b290-b5bb571bc6d8.pdf|title=History of Azerbaijan – Turkey Relations|publisher=Turkish Asian Center for Strategic Studies}}</ref> Turkey has also been the guarantor of the [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic]], an exclave of Azerbaijan, since 1921.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eurasianet.org/azerbaijan-building-up-forces-in-nakhchivan |first=Zaur|last=Shiriyev|title=Azerbaijan Building Up Forces in Nakhchivan|date=10 August 2017|access-date=20 October 2020|publisher=Eurasianet}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first=Laçin İdil|last=Öztığ |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/559558#:~:text=T%C3%BCrkiye%2C%201921%20y%C4%B1l%C4%B1nda%20imzalanan%20Moskova,d%C4%B1%C5%9F%20politika%20krizi%20ortaya%20%C3%A7%C4%B1km%C4%B1%C5%9Ft%C4%B1r|title=TÜRKİYE VE ERMENİSTAN İLİŞKİLERİNDE NAHÇIVAN SORUNU|date=26 January 2018|access-date=20 October 2020|journal=Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies|via=DergiPark|language=tr|volume=36|pages=413–430}}</ref> Other commentators have seen Turkey's support for Azerbaijan as part of an activist foreign policy, linking it with [[Neo-Ottomanism|neo-Ottoman]] policies in [[Turkish occupation of northern Syria|Syria]], [[Operations Claw-Eagle and Tiger|Iraq]], and the Eastern Mediterranean.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ulgen |first1=Sinan |title=A Weak Economy Won't Stop Turkey's Activist Foreign Policy |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/10/06/a-weak-economy-wont-stop-turkeys-activist-foreign-policy/ |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=Foreign Policy |date=6 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19436149.2018.1549232?src=recsys&journalCode=ccri20|doi=10.1080/19436149.2018.1549232|title=Imperial Grandeur and Selective Memory: Re-assessing Neo-Ottomanism in Turkish Foreign and Domestic Politics|year=2019|last1=Wastnidge|first1=Edward|journal=Middle East Critique|volume=28|pages=7–28|s2cid=149534930}}</ref> Turkey's highly visible role in the conflict was described by Armenians as a continuation of the [[Armenian Genocide]], the mass murder and expulsion of 1.5 million Armenians by the [[Imperial Government (Ottoman Empire)|Ottoman government]], particularly given Turkey's [[Armenian Genocide denial|continued denial of the genocide]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia says Turkey seeks to continue genocide in Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-pashinyan-idUSKBN26S0OS|work=Reuters|date=7 October 2020|access-date=22 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Turkey actions amount to "terroristic attack", continuation of genocide: Armenian PM|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/world/2020/10/07/Turkey-actions-amount-to-terroristic-attack-continuation-of-genocide-Armenian-PM |publisher=Al Arabiya|date=7 October 2020|access-date=22 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title="Defend our nation": Armenian diaspora feels pull of another war |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/03/armenian-diaspora-feels-pull-of-another-war-kardashian-azerbaijan|work=The Guardian|date=3 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia's Prime Minister Accuses Turkey of 'Reinstating the Ottoman Empire' in Sending Mercenaries to Nagorno Karabakh|url=https://time.com/5896422/armenia-azerbaijan-conflict-2020/|access-date=2020-10-16|website=time.com}}</ref> Turkey provided military support to Azerbaijan, including military experts and Syrian mercenaries.<ref name="economist-bloody" /> The access corridor stipulated by the ceasefire agreement, linking Nakhchivan and the main part of Azerbaijan through Armenia, would provide Turkey with trade access to [[Central Asia]] and China's [[Belt and Road Initiative]].<ref name="economist-bloody" /> ====Russia==== Russia had sought to maintain good [[Azerbaijan–Russia relations|relations with Azerbaijan]] and had sold weapons to both parties. Even prior to the war, Russia had possessed a [[Russian 102nd Military Base|military base in Armenia]] as part of a [[Armenia–Russia relations#Military union and cooperation|military alliance with Armenia]], and thus was obligated by treaty to defend Armenia in the case of a war. Like in Syria and in Libya's ongoing civil war, Russia and NATO-member Turkey therefore had opposing interests.<ref name=":16">{{cite web|title=Why The Armenia-Azerbaijan Fighting Could Spiral Into A Larger Regional Conflict|url=https://time.com/5894934/armenia-azerbaijan-fighting-regional-conflict/|access-date=2020-10-15|website=time.com}}</ref> Turkey appeared to use the conflict to attempt to leverage its influence in the South Caucasus along its eastern border, using both military and diplomatic resources to extend its sphere of influence in the Middle East, and to marginalize the influence of Russia, another [[regional power]].<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-09-29|title=Is Turkey a brother in arms or just extending its footprint into Nagorno-Karabakh?|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200929-is-turkey-a-brother-in-arms-or-just-extending-its-footprint-into-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=2020-10-04|publisher=France 24}}</ref><ref name="nyt_011020">{{cite news |last=Gall|first=Carlotta|date=2020-10-01|title=Turkey Jumps Into Another Foreign Conflict, This Time in the Caucasus|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/01/world/middleeast/turkey-azerbaijan-armenia-war.html|access-date=2020-10-04|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Russia had historically pursued a policy of maintaining neutrality in the conflict, and Armenia never formally requested aid.<ref name="russiamatters01"/> According to the director of the Russia studies program at the [[CNA (nonprofit)|CNA]], at the beginning of the war Russia was judged to be unlikely to intervene militarily unless Armenia incurred drastic losses.<ref name="russiamatters01"/> However, the 14 October 2020 Azerbaijani strike within Armenian territory threatened to bring the mutual defense pact to the fore.<ref name=":14">{{cite news|date=2020-10-14 |title=Azerbaijan Attack on Armenia Raises Stakes in Karabakh Conflict|publisher=Bloomberg.com|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-10-14/azerbaijan-attack-on-armenia-raises-stakes-in-karabakh-conflict|access-date=2020-10-15}}</ref> In a piece published by the Russian broadsheet ''[[Vedomosti]]'' on 10 November, Konstantin Makienko, a member of the [[State Duma]] Defence Committee, wrote that the geopolitical consequences of the war were "catastrophic" not only for Armenia but for Russia as well, because Moscow's influence in the Southern Caucasus had dwindled while "the prestige of a successful and feisty Turkey, contrariwise, ha[d] increased immensely".<ref name="vedomostimakienko">{{cite newspaper|author=Konstantin Makienko|url=https://www.vedomosti.ru/opinion/articles/2020/11/10/846462-rossiya-proigrala|title=Как Россия проиграла во второй карабахской войне |newspaper=Vedomosti|language=ru|date=10 November 2020}}</ref> Alexander Gabuev of the [[Carnegie Moscow Center]] took the opposite view, describing the peace agreement as "a win for Russia", as it had "prevented the conclusive defeat of Nagorno-Karabakh" and, by placing Russia in charge of the strategic Lachin corridor, boosted the country's leverage in the region.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gabuev |first1=Alexander |title=Viewpoint: Russia and Turkey – unlikely victors of Karabakh conflict |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54903869 |access-date=18 November 2020 |work=BBC News |agency=Carnegie Moscow Center |date=12 November 2020}}</ref> === Military tactics === Azerbaijan's oil wealth allowed it to have a consistently higher [[military budget]] than Armenia,<ref name="economist-bloody" /> and it had purchased advanced weapons systems from Israel, Russia and Turkey.<ref name=":6" /> Despite the similar size of both militaries, Azerbaijan possessed superior tanks, armored personnel carriers and infantry fighting vehicles,<ref name=":12"/> and had also amassed a fleet of Turkish and Israeli drones. Armenia built its own drones, but these were greatly inferior to Turkish and Israeli drones possessed by Azerbaijan.<ref name=":12"/> Azerbaijan had a quantitative advantage in artillery systems, particularly [[self-propelled gun]]s and long-range [[multiple rocket launcher]]s, while Armenia had a minor advantage in tactical ballistic missiles.<ref name=warontherocks/> Because of the air defence systems possessed by both sides, there was little use of manned aviation during the conflict.<ref name=":12"/> In the opinion of military analyst Michael Kofman, Director of the Russia Studies Program at the [[CNA (nonprofit)|CNA]] and a Fellow at the [[Kennan Institute]], Azerbaijan deployed mercenaries from Syria pursuing the goal of minimising Azeri troop casualties: "They took quite a few casualties early on, especially in the south-east, and these mercenaries were essentially used as expendable assault troops to go in the first wave. They calculated quite cynically that if it turned out these offensives were not successful early on, then it was best these casualties would be among mercenaries not Azerbaijani forces."<ref name="bbckofman">{{cite web|last=Butler|first=Ed|title=The Syrian mercenaries used as 'cannon fodder' in Nagorno-Karabakh|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/stories-55238803|date=10 December 2020|website=[[BBC]]}}</ref> According to Gustav Gressel, a Senior Policy Fellow at the [[European Council on Foreign Relations]], the Armenian Army was superior to the Azerbaijani Army on a tactical level, with better officers, a more agile leadership, and more highly motivated soldiers but this was overcome by Azerbaijan's ability to use drones to discover both Armenian forward and reserve positions and then use conventional artillery and ballistic missiles to isolate and destroy Armenian forces.<ref name=ecfr>[https://ecfr.eu/article/military-lessons-from-nagorno-karabakh-reason-for-europe-to-worry/ Military lessons from Nagorno-Karabakh: Reason for Europe to worry]</ref> Gressel argues that European militaries are no better prepared for anti-drone warfare than Armenia's (with only France and Germany having some limited jamming capabilities) and warns that a lack of gun-based self-propelled air-defence systems and radar systems capable of "plot-fusion" (the ability to combine radar echoes from multiple radars) which is needed to track drones make European forces extremely vulnerable to loitering munitions and small drones.<ref name=ecfr/> In the opinion voiced by Russian military expert Vladimir Yevseev after the end of the war, for reasons that were not completely clear, Armenia appeared not to have executed the mobilisation it had announced and the mobilised personnel were hardly ever deployed to the area of conflict.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.svoboda.org/a/30956980.html |title=РФ могла оказывать поддержку только с территории Ирана |date=18 November 2020|language=ru}}</ref> ==== Drone warfare ==== [[File:Baku pipelines.svg|thumb|upright=0.9|The [[Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline]] (green) is one of several pipelines running from Baku.]] Azerbaijan made highly effective use of drones and sensors, demonstrating what ''The Economist'' described as a "new, more affordable type of air power".<ref name=":6"/> Azerbaijani drones, notably the [[Bayraktar TB2]], were used to carry out precise [[Drone strike|strikes]] and carry out [[reconnaissance]], relaying the coordinates of targets to Azerbaijani artillery.<ref name=":2"/> Commentators noted that the use of drones in Nagorno-Karabakh illustrated how they enabled small countries to conduct effective air campaigns, potentially making [[Low-intensity conflict|low-level conflicts]] much more deadly.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Roblin|first1=Sébastien|title=How an explosion of cheap armed drones is changing the nature of warfare|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/cheap-drones-china-turkey-israel-are-fueling-conflicts-armenia-azerbaijan-ncna1243246|website=NBC News}}</ref> [[Close air support]] was provided by specialized suicide drones, such as [[IAI Harop]], rendering tanks vulnerable and suggesting changes are required to armored warfare doctrine.<ref>{{cite web|last=Parakilas|first=Jacob|title=Tanks versus Drones Isn't Rock, Paper, Scissors|url=https://thediplomat.com/2020/10/tanks-vs-drones-isnt-rock-paper-scissors/|access-date=2020-10-15|website=thediplomat.com}}</ref> Another suicide drone, the Turkish-made [[STM Kargu]], was also reportedly used by Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.defenceturk.net/stmnin-yerli-kamikaze-ihasi-kargu-azerbaycanda-goruldu|title=STM'nin yerli kamikaze İHA'sı KARGU Azerbaycan'da görüldü|date=29 October 2020 |language=tr}}</ref><ref name="cnnturk">{{cite web|url=https://www.cnnturk.com/dunya/ilk-kez-libyada-kullanilmisti-bu-kez-azerbaycanda-goruntulendi|title=İlk kez Libya'da kullanılmıştı! Bu kez Azerbaycan'da görüntülendi|date=28 September 2020|language=tr|publisher=CNN Türk}}</ref> ==== Targeting of pipelines ==== Concerns were raised about the security of the [[petroleum industry in Azerbaijan]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict poses threat to regional energy corridor |url=https://eurasianet.org/azerbaijan-armenia-conflict-poses-threat-to-regional-energy-corridor|publisher=Eurasianet|date=9 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=BP "deeply concerned" as pipeline attack raises stakes in Azerbaijan conflict|url=https://www.spglobal.com/platts/en/market-insights/latest-news/natural-gas/100720-bp-deeply-concerned-as-pipeline-attack-raises-stakes-in-azerbaijan-conflict |publisher=S&P Global|date=7 October 2020}}</ref> Azerbaijan claimed that Armenia targeted, or tried to target, the [[Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline]], which accounted for around 80% of country's oil exports, and the [[Baku–Novorossiysk pipeline]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Armenia-tries-to-target-Baku-Novorossiysk-pipeline-leading-to-Russia.html|title=Armenia tries to target Baku-Novorossiysk pipeline leading to Russia|date=19 October 2020|website=vestnikkavkaza.net}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Armenia reportedly attacks Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/azerbaijan-front-line/armenia-reportedly-attacks-baku-tbilisi-ceyhan-pipeline/1998053|publisher=Anadolu Agency|date=6 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Azerbaijan warns over pipelines as Nagorno-Karabakh tensions rise |url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/azerbaijan/news/azerbaijan-warns-over-pipelines-as-nagorno-karabakh-tensions-rise/|publisher=EURACTIV|date=15 October 2020}}</ref> Armenia rejected the accusations.<ref>{{cite news|title=Azerbaijan Says Pipeline Targeted In Fighting; Armenia Rejects Accusation|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/azerbaijan-says-pipeline-targeted-in-fighting-armenia-rejects-accusation/30879737.html |publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|date=7 October 2020}}</ref> ==== Use of propaganda ==== [[File:Photo of the Armenian soldier from the frontline (Yerevan, Armenia).jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|right|Billboards in [[Yerevan]] have been displaying footage released by the Armenian Ministry of Defence since the beginning of the conflict.]] {{See also|State-sponsored Internet propaganda}} Both sides have engaged in extensive [[propaganda]] campaigns through the use of official mainstream and social media accounts magnified online,<ref name=":9"/> including in Russian media. The ability of drones to record their kills has enabled a highly effective Azerbaijani propaganda campaign.<ref name=":2"/><ref name=":6"/> In Baku, digital billboards have broadcast high-resolution footage of missiles striking Armenian soldiers, tanks, and other materiel. Azerbaijan's President Ilham Aliyev told Turkish television that Azerbaijani-operated drones had reduced the number of Azerbaijan's casualties, stating, "These drones show Turkey's strength" and "empowers" Azerbaijanis.<ref name=":12">{{cite web|last=Forestier-Walker|first=Robin|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: New weapons for an old conflict spell danger |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2020/10/13/nagorno-karabakh-new-weapons-for-an-old-conflict-spell-danger|access-date=2020-10-15|website=aljazeera.com}}</ref> ==== Cyberwarfare ==== Hackers from Armenia and Azerbaijan, as well as their allied countries have actively participated in [[cyberwarfare]], with Azerbaijani hackers targeting Armenian websites and posting Aliyev's statements,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.azerbaycan24.com/en/azerbaijani-hackers-broke-into-over-90-armenian-websites-video/|title=Azerbaijani hackers broke into over 90 armenian websites – VIDEO|website=azerbaycan24.com |date=27 September 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> and Greek hackers targeting Azerbaijani governmental websites.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://artsakh.news/en/news/190391|title=Greek hackers from Anonymous Greece hacked 159 state websites of Azerbaijan|website=artsakhnews|date=23 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> There has been coordinated efforts from both sides on social media regarding postings of content. [[Misinformation]] and videos of older events have been shared as new and different events related to the war. New social media account creation that post about Armenia and Azerbaijan has spiked, with many from authentic users, but many inauthentic accounts have also been detected.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Giles|first1=Christopher|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: The Armenian-Azeri "information wars" |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54614392|publisher=BBC|access-date=October 27, 2020|date=October 26, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Fighting Over Nagorno-Karabakh Spells Spike For Twitter And Its Hashtag Narratives|url=https://gandhara.rferl.org/a/nagorno-karabakh-figiting-spike-twitter-hashtag-narratives-armenia-azerbaijan/30894315.html|publisher=Gandhara|access-date=October 27, 2020|date=October 15, 2020}}</ref> == Suspected war crimes == [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|UN Secretary-General]] [[António Guterres]] stated that "indiscriminate attacks on populated areas anywhere, including in [[Stepanakert]], [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]] and other localities in and around the immediate Nagorno-Karabakh zone of conflict, were totally unacceptable".<ref name="United Nations">{{cite web|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/10/1075672|title=Both sides obliged to 'spare and protect civilians' over Nagorno-Karabakh fighting declares UN's Guterres|date=18 October 2020|access-date=19 October 2020|publisher=United Nations}}</ref> [[Amnesty International]] stated that both Azerbaijani and Armenian forces committed war crimes during recent fighting in Nagorno-Karabakh, and called on Azerbaijani and Armenian authorities to immediately conduct independent, impartial investigations, identify all those responsible, and bring them to justice.<ref name="amnestybehead">{{cite web |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/12/armenia-azerbaijan-decapitation-and-war-crimes-in-gruesome-videos-must-be-urgently-investigated/ |title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: Decapitation and war crimes in gruesome videos must be urgently investigated |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=10 December 2020 |website=amnesty.org |publisher=[[Amnesty International]] }}</ref><ref name="guardianwarcrimes" /> Azerbaijan started an investigation on war crimes by Azerbaijani servicemen in November<ref name="azeinvestigate" /> and as of 14 December, has arrested four of its servicemen.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/12/14/azerbaijan-arrests-soldiers-suspected-of-war-crimes |title=Azerbaijan arrests soldiers suspected of war crimes |date=14 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] }}</ref> Neither Armenia, nor Artsakh has done anything in this regard. === Armenian === [[File:Destroyed apartment located in Shikharkh.png|thumb|The Armenian forces had indiscriminately shelled the town of [[Shikharkh, Azerbaijan|Shikharkh]], damaging apartments and schools.<ref name="hrwarmeniancrimes" /> The town was built for the Azerbaijani refugees of the [[First Nagorno-Karabakh War|First Nagorno-Karabakh war]].<ref name="ismayilov">{{Cite web |first=Rovshan |last=Ismayilov |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/azerbaijan/azerbaijan-life-frontlines |title=Azerbaijan: Life on the Frontlines |work=[[Eurasianet]] |via=[[ReliefWeb]] |date=5 July 2007 |access-date=11 December 2020 |language=en }}</ref>]] Armenia struck several Azerbaijani cities outside of the conflict zone, most frequently [[Tartar (city)|Tartar]], [[Beylagan (city)|Beylagan]] and [[Barda, Azerbaijan|Barda]].<ref>{{cite web|date=6 October 2020|title=Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: Azerbaijan accuses Armenian forces of shelling the towns of Tartar, Barda and Beylagan|url=https://www.france24.com/en/video/20201006-nagorno-karabakh-conflict-azerbaijan-accuses-armenian-forces-of-shelling-the-towns-of-tartar-barda-and-beylagan|website=france24.com|publisher=France 24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Julia Hahn|date=26 October 2020|title=Civilians suffer amid Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|url=https://www.dw.com/en/civilians-suffer-amid-nagorno-karabakh-conflict/a-55403694|website=dw.com|publisher=DW News}}</ref> Attacks reported by Azerbaijani authorities included an attack on Beylagan on 4 October, killing two civilians and injuring 2 others,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Two civilians killed in Armenian forces' shelling, Azerbaijan says|url=https://tass.com/world/1208343|access-date=2020-11-19|website=TASS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Safi|first1=Michael|last2=agencies|date=2020-10-05|title=Azerbaijan and Armenia accuse each other of shelling cities|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/05/azerbaijan-and-armenia-accuse-each-other-of-shelling-cities|access-date=2020-11-19|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Goranboy on 8 October killing a civilian,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Qazi|first=Anealla Safdar,Ramy Allahoum,Shereena|title=Diplomatic efforts fail to calm Nagorno-Karabakh clash: Live news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/8/azeris-and-armenians-fight-new-clashes-before-geneva-talks-live|access-date=2020-11-21|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref> Hadrut on 10 October, seriously injuring a medical worker,<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-11|title=Shelling of civilians by Armenian armed forces after humanitarian ceasefire agreement – another clear example of barbarism, Azerbaijani MFA says|url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/karabakh/3314663.html|access-date=2020-11-12|website=trend.az}}</ref> Tartar on 15 October, targeting a cemetery in the city resulting in three civilian deaths and at least five civilian injuries,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: 'Three dead' in attack at Azerbaijan cemetery|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/15/nagorno-karabakh-three-dead-in-attack-at-azerbaijan-cemetery|access-date=2020-11-19|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref> Fuzuli on 20 October, resulting in one civilian death and six injuries,<ref>{{cite web|date=30 September 2020|title=Armenian side continues to shell Fuzuli, Tartar districts|url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/karabakh/3308468.html|access-date=23 October 2020|agency=Trend News Agency}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=9 October 2020|title=Prosecutor General's Office: Three civilians injured as a result of enemy's shelling of Garabagh village, Fuzuli district|url=https://azertag.az/en/xeber/Prosecutor_General_039s_Office_Three_civilians_injured_as_a_result_of_enemys_shelling_of_Garabagh_village_Fuzuli_district-1608539|access-date=23 October 2020|agency=Azerbaijan State News Agency}}</ref> Tartar on 20 October, resulting in two civilian deaths and one civilian injury<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-20|title=Two Azerbaijani civilians killed, one injured in Armenia’s shelling of Tartar|url=https://www.azernews.az/aggression/171097.html|access-date=2020-12-12|website=AzerNews.az|language=en}}</ref> and Tartar on 10 November, resulting in one civilian injury.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MENAFN|title=Azerbaijani civilian injured in Armenian shelling of Tartar|url=https://menafn.com/1101100632/Azerbaijani-civilian-injured-in-Armenian-shelling-of-Tartar|access-date=2020-12-12|website=menafn.com}}</ref> By 9 November, there had been more than 93 civilian deaths and 416 civilian injuries in areas of Azerbaijan outside of the war zone.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-08|title=Civilian death toll in Armenian attacks reaches 100|url=https://www.azernews.az/aggression/173628.html|access-date=2020-12-10|website=AzerNews.az|language=en}}</ref> [[Human Rights Watch]] reported that on 27 September, the Armenian forces had launched an artillery attack on [[Qaşaltı Qaraqoyunlu|Qaşaltı]] of [[Goranboy District]], killing five members of the Gurbanov family, and damaged several homes. Human Rights Watch examined the severely damaged house and found several munition remnants in the courtyard that were consistent with fragments of large-caliber artillery. It also reported that the Armenian forces struck [[Hacıməmmədli, Agdam|Hacıməmmədli]] of [[Agdam District|Aghdam District]] on 1 October, in an agricultural area, at around 11:00, killing two civilians. HRW stated that they had found no evident military objectives during their visit to the village. HRW also reported that the Armenian forces had launched an artillery attack on 4 October in [[Tap Qaraqoyunlu]] of [[Goranboy District]] at about 16:30, wounding a civilian. Then, on 5 October, Human Rights Watch reported that the Armenian forces fired a munition that landed in a field about 500 meters from [[Babı]] of [[Fuzuli District]]. The Azerbaijani authorities stated that they had identified the munition as a [[R-17 Elbrus|Scud-B]] ballistic missile and measured the crater as 15 meters in diameter.<ref name="hrwarmeniancrimes" /> Armenian forces [[Bombardment of Tartar|heavily shelled the district of Tartar]] during the war, starting from 28 September. The bombardment caused widespread destruction and many civilian deaths.<ref name="euronewsdamage">{{Cite web|date=5 November 2020|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Exclusive footage shows bomb damage in border towns as violence continues|url=https://www.euronews.com/2020/10/05/nagorno-karabakh-exclusive-footage-shows-bomb-damage-in-border-towns-as-violence-continues|access-date=11 December 2020|work=[[Euronews]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name="mammadov2">{{Cite web|date=29 October 2020|title=Azerbaijan reveals details of casualties, injuries in Tartar inflicted by Armenian troops|url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3326082.html|access-date=11 December 2020|work=[[Trend News Agency]]|language=en}}</ref> Thousands of people became refugees, making the city of Tartar a ''[[ghost town]]'',<ref name="orlaguerin">{{Cite web|date=7 October 2020|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Iran warns of 'regional war' as fighting rages|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54449401|access-date=11 December 2020|work=[[BBC]]|language=en}}</ref> and fled to neighboring cities such as [[Barda, Azerbaijan|Barda]].<ref name="iwpr">{{Cite web|last=Natiqqizi|first=Ulkar|date=11 December 2020|title=Azerbaijan: War Leaves Many Homeless|url=https://iwpr.net/global-voices/azerbaijan-war-leaves-many-homeless|access-date=11 December 2020|work=[[Institute for War and Peace Reporting]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name="amnestybarda2">{{Cite web|date=29 October 2020|title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: First confirmed use of cluster munitions by Armenia ‘cruel and reckless’|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/10/armenia-azerbaijan-first-confirmed-use-of-cluster-munitions-by-armenia-cruel-and-reckless/|access-date=29 October 2020|publisher=[[Amnesty International]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name="HRWbarda">{{Cite web|date=30 October 2020|title=Armenia: Cluster Munitions Kill Civilians in Azerbaijan|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/10/30/armenia-cluster-munitions-kill-civilians-azerbaijan|access-date=30 October 2020|publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]|language=en}}</ref> The Azerbaijani authorities stated that the Armenian forces had fired 15,500 shells on the territory of Tartar District until 29 October, with over 2,000 shells being fired upon Tartar in some days. Official Azerbaijani figures show that over a thousand civilian objects, including schools, hospitals, and government buildings were either damaged or destroyed during the bombardment.<ref name="mammadov2"/> [[Human Rights Watch]] confirmed many of the targeted attacks on civilians and civilian objects, such as kindergartens and hospitals, by the Armenian forces. It also stated that the Armenian military forces had carried out unlawfully indiscriminate [[rocket]] and missile strikes on the Azerbaijani territories, and that such indiscriminate attacks were [[war crime]]s.<ref name="hrwtartar">{{Cite web|date=11 December 2020|title=Armenia: Unlawful Rocket, Missile Strikes on Azerbaijan|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/12/11/armenia-unlawful-rocket-missile-strikes-azerbaijan|access-date=11 December 2020|work=[[Human Rights Watch]]}}</ref> The constant bombardment of the city prompted the Azerbaijani to label Tartar as the ''[[Battle of Stalingrad|Stalingrad]] of Azerbaijan'',<ref name="stalingrad">{{Cite web|date=14 October 2020|title=Assistant to Azerbaijani president calls Tartar 'Stalingrad' of Azerbaijan|url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/karabakh/3316390.html|access-date=11 December 2020|work=[[Trend News Agency]]|language=en}}</ref> and the [[President of Azerbaijan]], [[Ilham Aliyev]], accused Armenia of trying to turn Tartar to the next [[Agdam|Aghdam]], also referred to as the ''[[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|Hiroshima]] of the [[Caucasus]]'' by the locals.<ref>{{cite web|date=22 November 2017|title=The story of FK Qarabag: How a team born from war now prepares to host Chelsea in the Champions League|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/fk-qarabag-champions-league-chelsea-preview-how-born-from-war-to-champions-league-debut-a8069506.html|work=Independent.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Musayelyan|first=Lusine|title=Life Among Ruins of Caucasus' Hiroshima|url=https://iwpr.net/global-voices/life-among-ruins-caucasus-hiroshima|work=[[Institute for War and Peace Reporting]]}}</ref> [[Turkey]] also condemned the Armenian shelling of a cemetery in Tartar during a funeral ceremony,<ref name="turkmfatartar">{{Cite web|date=15 October 2020|title=Ankara condemns Armenian attack on Azerbaijan’s Terter city|url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/ankara-condemns-armenian-attack-on-azerbaijans-terter-city-159184|access-date=11 December 2020|work=[[Hürriyet Daily News]]|language=en}}</ref> which foreign journalists at scene and Human Rights Watch confirmed.<ref name="dozhd">{{Cite web|date=15 October 2020|title=Кладбище в азербайджанском Тертере попало под обстрел. Три человека погибли|url=https://novayagazeta.ru/news/2020/10/15/164949-kladbische-v-azerbaydzhanskom-tertere-popalo-pod-obstrel-tri-cheloveka-pogibli|access-date=11 December 2020|work=[[Novaya Gazeta]]|language=ru}}</ref><ref name="hrwtartar" /> On 29 October, the head of the Tartar District Executive Power, Mustagim Mammadov, stated that during the war, 17 civilians killed, and 61 people injured in [[Tartar District]] as a result of the bombardment in Tartar. According to him, in total, about 1,200 people suffered from the bombardment.<ref name="mammadov2"/> The Azerbaijani authorities reported two more civilian injuries later on. [[File:Destroyed hallway in Tartar (cropped).png|250px|thumb|right|A destroyed house in Tartar.]] Between 4 and 17 October, four separate [[2020 Ganja ballistic missile attacks|missile attacks on the city of Ganja]] killed 26 civilians, including a 13-year-old Russian citizen,<ref name="russianboy">{{cite news |title=Russian teenager dies in missile attack on Ganja |url=https://news.ru/en/cis-countries/russian-citizen-dies-in-missile-attack-on-ganja/ |access-date=17 November 2020 |work=[[NEWSru]] |date=24 October 2020 |language=en}}</ref> and injured 125<ref>{{cite news|title=Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: Major cities hit as heavy fighting continues|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54407436|work=BBC News|date=4 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Azerbaijan's No. 2 city targeted in fighting with Armenia|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/azerbaijans-no-2-city-targeted-fighting-armenia-azerbaijan-armenia-nagornokarabakh-territory-city-b778901.html|publisher=The Independent|date=4 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Jamie|last=Dettmer|url=https://www.voanews.com/south-central-asia/why-azerbaijan-fighting|title=Why is Azerbaijan Fighting?|date=12 October 2020|access-date=15 October 2020|publisher=Voice of America}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first1=Elizabeth|last1=Melimopoulos|first2=Linah|last2=Alsaafin |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/11/seven-dead-by-overnight-armenian-shelling-baku-says-live|title=Nagorno-Karabakh truce frays as both sides allege attacks|date=11 October 2020|access-date=15 October 2020|publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref> with women and children among the victims.<ref name="2attackwounded">{{Cite web|last1=Melimopoulos|first1=Elizabeth|last2=Alsaafin|first2=Linah|date=11 October 2020|title=Nagorno-Karabakh truce frays as both sides allege attacks: Live|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/11/seven-dead-by-overnight-armenian-shelling-baku-says-live|access-date=15 October 2020|publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]|language=en}}</ref> The attacks were condemned by the [[European Union]],<ref>{{cite web|date=17 October 2020|title=Azerbaijan: Statement by the Spokesperson on the strikes on the city of Ganja|url=https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage_en/87141/Azerbaijan:%20Statement%20by%20the%20Spokesperson%20on%20the%20strikes%20on%20the%20city%20of%20Ganja|access-date=20 October 2020 |publisher=European External Action Service}}</ref> and Azerbaijani authorities accused the Armenian Armed Forces of "committing war crimes through the firing of ballistic missiles at civilian settlements", calling the third attack "an act of genocide".<ref name="genocide">{{cite web|date=11 October 2020|title=Armenian policy of vandalism against Azerbaijani civilian population continues – assistant to Azerbaijani president|url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/karabakh/3314618.html|access-date=15 October 2020|agency=Trend News Agency}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Prosecutor-General's-Office-and-MFA-issue-statement-on-crimes-committed-against-civilians-by-Armenians-331515|title=Prosecutor General's Office and MFA issue statement on crimes committed against civilians, by Armenians|website=apa.az|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=8 October 2020|title=Azerbaijani President: Armenia losing the battle commits war crimes against civilians in order to stop us|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Azerbaijani-President:-Armenia-losing-the-battle-commits-war-crimes-against-civilians-in-order-to-stop-us-332429|access-date=8 October 2020|website=apa.az|quote=... violence against civilians, the shelling of settlements and the destruction of peaceful cities with ballistic missiles is considered a war crime.}}</ref> Armenia denied responsibility for the attacks.<ref name="auto32">{{cite web|last1=Sullivan|first1=Rory|last2=Isaac|first2=Lindsay|date=11 October 2020|title=Azerbaijan and Armenia accuse each other of breaking ceasefire|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/10/10/europe/azerbaijan-armenia-ceasefire-intl/index.html|access-date=15 October 2020|publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=4 October 2020|title=Армения заявила, что не ведет обстрел населенных пунктов Азербайджана|url=https://ria.ru/20201004/karabakh-1578171671.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004082433/https://ria.ru/20201004/karabakh-1578171671.html|archive-date=4 October 2020|access-date=4 October 2020|publisher=RIA Novosti|language=ru}}</ref> The Artsakh Defence Army confirmed responsibility for the first attack but denied targeting residential areas, claiming that it had fired at at military targets, especially [[Ganja International Airport]].<ref name="artsakh1attack2">{{Cite web|last=McKernan|first=Bethan|date=5 October 2020|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Azerbaijan accuses Armenia of rocket attack|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/04/nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan-accuses-armenia-of-rocket-attack|access-date=15 October 2020|work=[[The Washington Post]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name="artsakh1attack">{{cite web|last=McKernan|first=Bethan|date=5 October 2020|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Azerbaijan accuses Armenia of rocket attack|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/04/nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan-accuses-armenia-of-rocket-attack|access-date=15 October 2020|work=The Washington Post}}</ref> Subsequently, both a correspondent reporting from the scene for a Russian media outlet and the airport director denied that the airport had been hit,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Война в Карабахе. Обстрел Степанакерта и удар по Гяндже – Новости на русском языке|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006141402/https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944|archive-date=2020-10-06|access-date=2020-10-04|website=BBC News Русская служба|language=ru-RU}}</ref> while a ''[[BBC News]]'' journalist, [[Orla Guerin]], visited the scene and found no evidence of any military target there.<ref name=":132">{{Cite web|date=11 October 2020|title=Armenia Azerbaijan: Reports of fresh shelling dent ceasefire hopes|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54488386|access-date=11 October 2020|work=BBC News|language=en}}</ref> On 25 October, a video emerged online of an Armenian teenager in civilian clothing helping soldiers fire artillery on Azerbaijani positions. Azerbaijan subsequently accused Armenia of using [[Children in the military|child soldiers]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/diplomacy/armenia-uses-child-soldiers-in-occupied-nagorno-karabakh-commits-war-crimes-azerbaijan |title=Armenia uses child soldiers in occupied Nagorno-Karabakh, commits war crimes: Azerbaijan|date=25 October 2020|website=dailysabah.com|publisher=Daily Sabah}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_karabakh/Azerbaijani-MFA-releases-statement-on-Armenias-using-children-as-soldiers-in-the-occupied-territories-334007|title=Azerbaijani MFA releases statement on Armenia's using children as soldiers in the occupied territories|date=27 October 2020|website=apa.az}}</ref> One day later, the Artsakh ombudsman released a statement claiming that the boy in the video was 16, was not directly engaged in military actions and was working with his father.<ref>{{cite tweet|user=ArtsakhOmbuds|number=1320795565664407559|date=26 October 2020|title=About some speculated photos of children}}</ref> The Human Rights Watch reported that on 28 October, at about 17:00, the Armenian forces fired a munition on [[Tap Qaraqoyunlu]] of [[Goranboy District]] that produced fragmentation and killed a civilian.<ref name="hrwarmeniancrimes" /> The Artsakh Defence Army [[2020 Barda missile attacks|hit the Azerbaijani town of Barda with missiles]] twice on 27 and 28 October 2020, resulting in the deaths of 26 civilians and injuring over 83, making it the deadliest attack of the conflict.<ref name="NYTimesBarda">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/28/world/europe/azerbaijan-barda-armenia-rockets-karabakh.html|title=In Azerbaijan, a String of Explosions, Screams and Then Blood|author=Carlotta Gall|date=28 October 2020|website=nytimes.com|publisher=The New York Times|quote=In all, 21 people died in downtown Barda in the rocket strike and 70 people were wounded, the government said in the evening, adding that the rockets were fired from a Russian-made Smerch multiple-rocket system and unleashed cluster bomblets. Designed to be used against armies in open spaces, cluster bombs are banned in much of the world because of their danger to civilians in residential areas.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/azerbaijan-says-19-killed-60-wounded-in-armenia-missile-attack-on-its-barda-district/articleshow/78912279.cms?from=mdr|title=Azerbaijan says 19 killed, 60 wounded in Armenia missile attack on its Barda district|date=28 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020|work=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-28|title=Civilian death toll in Armenian attacks reaches 91|url=https://www.azernews.az/aggression/171582.html|access-date=2020-10-29|website=azernews.az}}</ref> The casualties included a 39-year-old [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|Red Crescent]] volunteer, while two other volunteers were injured.<ref>{{cite web|date=28 October 2020|title=Civilians Reported Killed As Conflict Between Armenia, Azerbaijan Spills Into Urban Areas |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/armenia-azerbaijan-urged-to-seek-lasting-cease-fire-as-diplomatic-efforts-continue/30916763.html|archive-url=https://archive.is/KKR1d|archive-date=29 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020|publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty}}</ref> Civilian infrastructure and vehicles were extensively damaged.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 October 2020|title=Missile attack on Azerbaijani city of Barda: 21 dead, dozens wounded|url=https://jam-news.net/barda-28-october-21-dead-azerbaijan-nagorno-karabakh-armenia-news-photo-video/|access-date=29 October 2020|work=JAM News|language=en}}</ref> Armenia denied responsibility,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-karabakh/azerbaijan-says-14-people-killed-by-shelling-in-barda-ria-idUSKBN27D1IR|title=Azerbaijan says 14 people killed by shelling in Barda: RIA|date=28 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020 |work=Reuters}}</ref> but Amnesty International and [[Human Rights Watch]] stated that Armenia had fired, or intentionally supplied Artsakh with, the [[cluster munitions]] and [[BM-30 Smerch|Smerch rockets]] used in the attack.<ref name="amnestybarda">{{cite web|date=29 October 2020 |title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: First confirmed use of cluster munitions by Armenia "cruel and reckless"|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/10/armenia-azerbaijan-first-confirmed-use-of-cluster-munitions-by-armenia-cruel-and-reckless/|access-date=29 October 2020|publisher=Amnesty International}}</ref><ref name="nkrforces">{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/10/30/armenia-cluster-munitions-kill-civilians-azerbaijan|title=Armenia: Cluster Munitions Kill Civilians in Azerbaijan|date=30 October 2020}}</ref> Artsakh acknowledged responsibility, but said it was targeting military facilities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54686682?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f99b27045324002c52d805f%26%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81-%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%20%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%20%D0%9D%D0%9A%D0%A0%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82%20%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85%20%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%20%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D0%BE%D1%82%20%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%262020-10-28T18%3A03%3A29.579Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:33b55dff-0d65-4d37-8141-94e37dd45df1&pinned_post_asset_id=5f99b27045324002c52d805f&pinned_post_type=share |title=Пресс-секретарь лидера НКР призывает мирных азербайджанцев бежать от военных объектов|date=28 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020|language=ru|publisher=BBC Russian Service}}</ref> Marie Struthers, Amnesty International's Regional Director for Eastern Europe and Central Asia, said that the "firing of cluster munitions into civilian areas is cruel and reckless, and causes untold death, injury and misery".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/10/armenia-azerbaijan-first-confirmed-use-of-cluster-munitions-by-armenia-cruel-and-reckless/|title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: First confirmed use of cluster munitions by Armenia "cruel and reckless"|date=29 October 2020|access-date=29 October 2020|publisher=Amnesty International}}</ref> The [[Commissioner for Human Rights of the Republic of Azerbaijan|Azerbaijani ombudsman]] called the attack a "terrorist act against civilians".<ref name="apa">{{cite web|url=https://apa.az/en/frontline-news/General-Prosecutors-Office-Death-toll-from-Armenias-missile-attack-on-Azerbaijans-Barda-rises-to-19-nearly-60-people-injured-colorredUPDATED-1color-334119|title=General Prosecutor's Office: Death toll from Armenia's missile attack on Azerbaijan's Barda rises to 21, about 70 people wounded – Updated – 2|publisher=Azeri Press Agency|date=28 October 2020|access-date=28 October 2020}}</ref> The use of cluster munitions was also reported by ''The New York Times''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/28/world/europe/azerbaijan-barda-armenia-rockets-karabakh.html|title=In Azerbaijan, a String of Explosions, Screams and Then Blood|author=Carlotta Gall|date=28 October 2020 |website=nytimes.com|publisher=The New York Times|quote=In the morning, we had visited Garayusifli, a sleepy farming village just outside Barda, where people were burying victims of another rocket attack. Four people died, including a 7-year-old girl, and more than a dozen were wounded. Children had been playing on their bikes, and their parents sitting in the shade of their gardens, when the missile exploded, scattering cluster bomblets over the houses of several neighbors.}}</ref> On 7 November, according to [[Human Rights Watch]], the Armenian forces fired a rocket that struck an agricultural field near the village of [[Əyricə]] and killed a 16-year-old boy while he playing with other children. Azerbaijani authorities stated that they had identified the munition as a 9M528 Smerch rocket, which carries a warhead that produces blast and fragmentation effect. HRW reported that the researchers did not observe any military objectives in the area.<ref name="hrwarmeniancrimes" /> On 30 October 2020, Human Rights Watch reported that Armenia or Artsakh forces used cluster munition and called that Armenia should immediately cease using cluster munitions or supplying them to Nagorno-Karabakh forces.<ref name="hrw">{{Cite web|date=2020-10-30|title=Armenia: Cluster Munitions Kill Civilians in Azerbaijan|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/10/30/armenia-cluster-munitions-kill-civilians-azerbaijan|access-date=2020-11-21|website=Human Rights Watch|language=en}}</ref> In late October and early November, Azerbaijan accused the Armenian forces of using [[Allotropes of phosphorus|white phosphorus]] on civilian areas.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://oc-media.org/live-updates-day-35-of-nagorno-karabakh-fighting/ |title=Live updates: Day 35 of Nagorno-Karabakh fighting |date=31 October 2020 |access-date=28 November 2020 |work=OC Media }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first=Vafa |last=Ismayilova |url=https://www.azernews.az/karabakh/172007.html |title=Armenia actively using phosphorus shells against civilian objects |date=3 November 2020 |access-date=28 November 2020 |work=AzerNews }}</ref> Then, on 4 November, [[Azerbaijan National Agency for Mine Action]] (ANAMA) found unexploded white phosphorus munitions in [[Səhləbad]], near Tartar, which, according to Azerbaijan, was fired by the Armenian forces.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Nargiz |last=Mammadli |url=https://caspiannews.com/news-detail/armenias-army-drops-white-phosphorus-bombs-on-civilians-in-azerbaijan-2020-11-3-4 |title=Armenia's Army Drops White Phosphorus Bombs On Civilians In Azerbaijan |date=6 November 2020 |access-date=28 November 2020 |work=Caspian News }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://azertag.az/en/xeber/Armenia_uses_banned_white_phosphorous_shells_against_civilian_population____PHOTO_FACT_VIDEO-1633513 |title=Armenia uses banned white phosphorous shells against civilian population – PHOTO FACT VIDEO |date=4 November 2020 |access-date=28 November 2020 |work=[[Azerbaijan State News Agency]] }}</ref> Azerbaijani authorities had also stated that the Armenian forces were transporting white phosphorus into the region.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/31/armenia-azerbaijan-trade-fresh-accusations-of-karabakh-attacks |title=Armenia, Azerbaijan trade accusations again after new attacks |date=31 October 2020 |access-date=28 November 2020 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] }}</ref> On 20 November, Prosecutor General's Office of Azerbaijan filed a lawsuit, accusing the Armenian Armed Forces of using phosphorus ammunition in Nagorno-Karabakh, as well as in [[Tartar District]], and chemical munitions to "inflict large-scale and long-term harm to the environment" in [[Fuzuli District|Fuzuli]] and Tartar Districts, as well as around [[Shusha]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.turan.az/ext/news/2020/11/free/politics%20news/en/130104.htm |title=Lawsuit on the fact of the use of white phosphorus by Armenians in Karabakh |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=28 November 2020 |work=[[Turan Information Agency]] }}</ref> [[File:2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict - Azerbaijani soldier in rubble.png|right|thumb|An [[Azerbaijan National Agency for Mine Action|ANAMA]] employee standing among the ruins of a destroyed residential building in [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]] after an [[2020 Ganja ballistic missile attacks|Armenian missile attack]].]] In mid-November, a video of a wounded Azerbaijani soldier Amin Musayev receiving first aid by Ukrainian journalist Alexander Kharchenko and Armenian soldiers after the ceasefire came into force was spread on social media platforms. Following this, a video was released showing Musayev being abused inside a vehicle. It is reported that he was lying on the ground in the car and asked: "where are we going?" In response, the alleged Armenian soldier said, "If you behave well, go home," and cursed, after which it became clear that the Azerbaijani soldier had been kicked and tortured. On 18 November, a representative of the [[International Committee of the Red Cross]] (ICRC) in Yerevan said that information about these people was "being investigated." The ICRC's representative in Yerevan, Zara Amatuni, also declined to say whether she had any information about Musayev. The Artsakh's Ombudsman said he had no information about the Azerbaijani soldier, but that if they were injured, they were "probably in hospital in Armenia." The Azerbaijani Foreign Ministry said in a statement that the issue was being investigated and will be reported to the relevant international organizations. According to the ministry, "the information about the torture of prisoners is first checked for accuracy and brought to the attention of relevant international organizations."<ref name="musayevkarimov">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/azerbaijan-54870281 |title=Amin Musayev və Bayram Kərimovdan ailələrinə xəbər çatdırılıb |date=18 November 2020 |access-date=6 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Work |archive-url=https://archive.is/l9mOM |archive-date=6 December 2020 |language=az }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MENAFN|title=Red Cross to undertake needed steps towards captured Azerbaijani soldiers|url=https://menafn.com/1101168659/Red-Cross-to-undertake-needed-steps-towards-captured-Azerbaijani-soldiers|access-date=2020-12-09|website=menafn.com}}</ref> On 25 November, ICRC's representatives visited Musayev and Karimov in Yerevan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://vestikavkaza.ru/news/stalo-izvestno-o-sudbe-dvuh-zahvacennyh-v-plen-azerbajdzanskih-voennosluzasih.html |title=Стало известно о судьбе двух захваченных в плен азербайджанских военнослужащих |date=25 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=VestiK Kavkaza |language=ru }}</ref> On 5 December, the family of Musayev was informed of his condition through ICRC. According to a reported copy of the letter sent by Musayev, he stated that his condition was well.<ref name="musayevkarimov" /> Azerbaijan had officially accused the Armenian side of ill-treating the Azerbaijani POWs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/amnesty-international-ba%C5%9Fk%C9%99sm%C9%99-videolar%C4%B1n%C4%B1-ara%C5%9Fd%C4%B1rma%C4%9Fa-%C3%A7a%C4%9F%C4%B1r%C4%B1r/5694510.html |title=Amnesty International başkəsmə videolarını araşdırmağa çağırır |date=10 December 2020 |access-date=10 December 2020 |work=Amerikanın Səsi |publisher=[[Voice of America]] |language=az }}</ref> Musayev was returned to Azerbaijan on 15 December as part of the POW exchange deal.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Said |last=Garib |url=https://report.az/ru/karabakh/amina-musaeva-i-drugih-plennyh-priveli-v-baku/ |title=Амина Мусаева и других пленных вернули в Баку |date=10 December 2020 |access-date=10 December 2020 |work=[[Report Information Agency]] |language=ru }}</ref> On 10 December, [[Amnesty International]] released a report on videos depicting war crimes. In one of the videos, the Armenian soldiers were seen cutting the throat of an Azerbaijani captive. The captive appears to be laying on the ground, whilst gagged and bound when an Armenian soldier approaches him and sticks a knife into his throat. Independent pathological analysis confirmed that the wound sustained led to his death in minutes. Eleven other videos showing inhumane treatment and outrages upon personal dignity of Azerbaijani captives by the Armenian army has come to light. In several videos, Armenian soldiers are seen cutting the ear off a dead Azerbaijani soldier, dragging a dead Azerbaijani soldier across the ground by a rope tied around his feet, and standing on the corpse of a dead Azerbaijani soldier.<ref name="amnestybehead" /><ref name="guardianwarcrimes">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/10/human-rights-groups-detail-war-crimes-in-nagorno-karabakh |title=Human rights groups detail 'war crimes' in Nagorno-Karabakh |author=Andrew Roth |date=10 December 2020 |website=theguardian.com |publisher=[[TheGuardian.com|The Guardian]] |access-date=11 December 2020 }}</ref> On 11 December, [[Human Rights Watch]] released an extensive report about Armenia's unlawful rocket strikes on Azerbaijani civilian areas. The report investigated 18 separate strikes, which killed 40 civilians and wounded dozens more. During on-site investigations in Azerbaijan in November, Human Rights Watch documented 11 incidents in which Armenian forces used [[ballistic missiles]], [[Rocket artillery|unguided artillery rockets]], [[Large-calibre artillery|large-calibre artillery projectiles]] and cluster munitions that hit populated areas in apparently indiscriminate attacks. In at least four other cases, munitions struck civilians or civilian objects in areas where there were no apparent military targets. In addition to causing civilian casualties, the Armenian attacks damaged homes, businesses, schools, and a health clinic, and contributed to mass displacement. Human Rights Watch called the Armenian government to conduct transparent investigations into attacks by Armenian forces that violate international humanitarian law, or the laws of war.<ref name="hrwarmeniancrimes">{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/12/11/armenia-unlawful-rocket-missile-strikes-azerbaijan |title=Armenia: Unlawful Rocket, Missile Strikes on Azerbaijan |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=11 December 2020 |website=hrw.org |publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]] }}</ref> On 15 December, Human Rights Watch released another report about Armenia's use of cluster munitions in multiple attacks on Azerbaijani civilian areas. Its researchers documented four attacks with cluster munitions in three of the country’s districts, Barda, Goranboy and Tartar which killed at least seven civilians, including two children, and wounded close to 20, including two children. Human Rights Watch also stated that as Nagorno-Karabakh forces do not possess cluster munitions, it is likely that Armenian forces carried out the attacks or supplied the munitions to Nagorno-Karabakh forces.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/12/15/armenia-cluster-munitions-used-multiple-attacks-azerbaijan |title=Armenia: Cluster Munitions Used in Multiple Attacks on Azerbaijan |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=15 December 2020 |website=hrw.org |publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]] |access-date=15 December 2020 }}</ref> === Azerbaijani === [[File:InShot 20201020 202248937.webm|thumb|Camera footage of Azerbaijan's use of cluster munition on Stepanakert during a shelling on 4 October 2020.]] On 4 October 2020, the Armenian government stated Azerbaijan had deployed [[cluster munitions]] against residential targets in [[Stepanakert]]; an Amnesty International investigator condemned this.<ref>"[https://news.yahoo.com/armenia-says-azerbaijan-targeting-residential-113011026.html Armenia Says Azerbaijan Targeting Residential Areas With Missiles and Cluster Bombs]" Yahoo News 5 October 2020</ref> In an Amnesty International report, the cluster bombs were identified as "Israeli-made M095 DPICM cluster munitions that appear to have been fired by Azerbaijani forces".<ref>{{cite news|title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: Civilians must be protected from use of banned cluster bombs|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/10/armenia-azerbaijan-civilians-must-be-protected-from-use-of-banned-cluster-bombs/|agency=Amnesty International|date=5 October 2020}}</ref> The next day, Armenian Minister of Foreign Affairs [[Zohrab Mnatsakanyan]] stated to [[Fox News]] that the targeting of civilian populations in Nagorno-Karabakh by Azerbaijani forces was tantamount to [[war crime]]s and called for an end to the "aggression".<ref>{{cite web|last=Yingst|first=Trey|date=2020-10-05|title=Azerbaijan committing "war crimes" in disputed region, top Armenian diplomat tells Fox News|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/armenia-azerbaijan-war-crimes-claims-foreign-minister|access-date=2020-10-06|website=Fox News}}</ref> In November 2020, Aliyev denied using cluster munitions against civilian areas in Stepanakert on the 1, 2, and 3 October 2020 in an interview with ''BBC News'' journalist Orla Guerin, describing as "fake news" the statements of other BBC reporters who witnessed the attacks and described them as "indiscriminate shelling of a town without clear military targets".<ref>{{cite news|date=2020-11-09|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: President Ilham Aliyev speaks to the BBC|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-europe-54865589|access-date=2020-11-10}}</ref> During an on-site investigation in Nagorno-Karabakh in October 2020, [[Human Rights Watch]] documented four incidents in which Azerbaijan used Israeli-made cluster munitions against civilian areas of Nagorno-Karabakh. The HRW investigation team stated that they did not find any sort of military sites in the residential neighborhoods where the cluster munitions were used and condemned its use against civilian-populated areas. Stephen Goose, arms division director at Human Rights Watch and chair of the Cluster Munition Coalition, stated that "the continued use of cluster munitions – particularly in populated areas – shows flagrant disregard for the safety of civilians". He then added that "the repeated use of cluster munitions by Azerbaijan should cease immediately as their continued use serves to heighten the danger for civilians for years to come". The HRW investigation team also noted that numerous civilian buildings and infrastructure were heavily damaged due to shelling.<ref name="hrw123">{{cite web|date=23 October 2020 |title=Azerbaijan: Cluster Munitions Used in Nagorno-Karabakh|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/10/23/azerbaijan-cluster-munitions-used-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=23 October 2020|publisher=Human Rights Watch}}</ref> ''[[France 24]]'' reported that Azerbaijan could've used [[White phosphorus munitions|white phosphorus]] during the war, highlighting that the use of white phosphorus is strictly regulated under an international agreement that neither Azerbaijan nor Armenia have signed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20201119-nagorno-karabakh-ceasefire-armenia-accuses-azerbaijan-of-using-phosphorus-bombs|title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Armenia accuses Azerbaijan of using phosphorus bombs|date=2020-11-19|website=france24.com|publisher=[[France 24]]}}</ref> On 30 October, Armenian and Artsakh authorities had accused the Azerbaijani forces of using phosphorus to burn forests near Shusha.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://massispost.com/2020/11/azerbaijan-uses-white-phosphorus-munitions-in-karabakh/ |title=Azerbaijan Uses White Phosphorus Munitions in Karabakh |date=1 November 2020 |access-date=1 December 2020 |work=Massis Post }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ombuds.am/en_us/site/ViewNews/1355|title=Azerbaijan is using, as the current data confirms, Phosphorus munitions։ The Human Rights Defender|date=31 October 2020 |access-date=31 October 2020 |work=Human Rights Defender of Republic of Armenia}}</ref> This was supported by "Ecocide alert" from 51 non-governmental organizations under the auspices of [[Transparency International]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://transparency.am/en/news/view/3179|title=Ecocide Alert in Nagorno–Karabakh region amidst war between Armenia and Azerbaijan|date=2 November 2020 |access-date=3 December 2020 |work=Transparency International Anticorruption Center}}</ref> [[The Independent]]'s reporter had a chance to visit the National Burns Centre in Yerevan to see see the soldiers' burns, which, according to deputy director of that centre, are consistent with white phosphorus damage in 80% cases.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/armenia-azerbaijan-vicrims-nagorno-karabakh-b1774313.html|title=I want the world to ban these weapons: Treating the white phosphorus victims of the Nagorno-Karabakh war|date=16 December 2020 |access-date=17 December 2020|work=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> Azerbaijan issued a denial.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tass.com/world/1218653 |title=Baku denies reports on use of white phosphorus munitions in Nagorno-Karabakh |date=31 October 2020 |access-date=28 November 2020 |work=[[TASS]] }}</ref> In the opinion of Russian military expert Victor Murakhovsky, the images from Nagorno-Karabakh show the effect of a typical incendiary ammunition (most likely with pyrogel), which contains no phosphorus, and phosphorus is not used in modern incendiary ammunition.<ref>{{cite news |title=Эксперт прокомментировал мифы о "фосфорных боеприпасах" в Нагорном Карабахе |url=https://www.mk.ru/politics/2020/10/31/ekspert-prokommentiroval-mify-o-fosfornykh-boepripasakh-v-nagornom-karabakhe.html |access-date=13 December 2020 |agency=Московский Комсомолец}}</ref> On 16th December, Human Rights Watch published a report about two separate attacks, hours apart, on the Ghazanchetsots Cathedral on October 8 in the town of Shusha, known to Armenians as Shushi, suggesting that the church, a civilian object with cultural significance, was an intentional target despite the absence of evidence that it was used for military purposes. The weapon remnants Human Rights Watch collected at the site corroborate the use of guided munitions. “The two strikes on the church, the second one while journalists and other civilians had gathered at the site, appear to be deliberate,” said Hugh Williamson, Europe and Central Asia director at Human Rights Watch. “These attacks should be impartially investigated and those responsible held to account.” <ref name="hrw">{{cite web|date=16 December 2020|title=Azerbaijan: Attack on Church Possible War Crime|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/12/16/azerbaijan-attack-church-possible-war-crime|access-date=16 December 2020|publisher=Human Rights Watch}}</ref> On 15 October 2020, a video surfaced of two captured Armenians being executed by Azerbaijani soldiers;<ref name="bellingcat">{{cite web|title=An Execution in Hadrut|url=https://www.bellingcat.com/news/rest-of-world/2020/10/15/an-execution-in-hadrut-karabakh/|access-date=2020-10-16|website=Bellingcat}}</ref> Artsakh authorities identified one as a civilian.<ref>{{cite web|title=Azeri troops shoot Armenian war prisoners dead|url=https://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/286591/|access-date=2020-10-15|publisher=Panarmenian}}</ref> ''[[Bellingcat]]'' analysed the videos and concluded that the footage was real and that both executed were Armenian combatants captured by Azerbaijani forces between 9 and 15 October 2020 and later executed.<ref name="bellingcat"/> The [[BBC]] also investigated the videos and confirmed that the videos were from Hadrut and were filmed some time between 9–15 October 2020. A probe has been launched by Armenia's human rights defender, Arman Tatoyan, who shared the videos with [[European Court of Human Rights]] and who will also show the videos to the [[United Nations Human Rights Council|UN human rights commissioner]], the [[Council of Europe]] and other international organizations.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: 'Execution' video prompts war crime probe|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54645254|work=BBC News|date=24 October 2020}}</ref> The U.N. human rights chief, [[Michelle Bachelet]], stated that "in-depth investigations by media organisations into videos that appeared to show Azerbaijani troops summarily executing two captured Armenians in military uniforms uncovered compelling and deeply disturbing information".<ref>{{cite news|title=Possible war crimes committed in Nagorno-Karabakh, U.N. rights boss says|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-un-rights-idUSKBN27I238 |work=Reuters|date=2 November 2020}}</ref> On 10 December, Amnesty International released a report on videos depicting war crimes from both sides. In some of these videos, Azerbaijani soldiers were seen decapitating the head of an Armenian soldier as he was alive. In another video, the victim is an older man in civilian clothes who gets his throat cut before the video abruptly ends.<ref name="amnestybehead" /> On 15th December, beheadings of two elderly ethnic Armenian non-combatants by Azerbaijani armed forces have been identified by Guardian, based on the videos widely shared on messaging apps, the testimony of relatives, villagers, Artsakh ombudsman and two Armenian human rights lawyers preparing a criminal case relating to the murders. In videos posted online on 22 November and 3 December, men in uniforms consistent with those of the Azerbaijani military hold down and decapitate a man using a knife. One then places the severed head on a dead animal. “This is how we get revenge – by cutting off heads,” a voice says off-camera. The victim was identified as Genadi Petrosyan, 69, who had moved to the village in the late 1980s from the city of Sumgait in Azerbaijan and resisted leaving the village as Azerbaijani forces closed in. A video posted on a Telegram channel on 7 December showed two soldiers in uniforms consistent with the Azerbaijani military pinning down an elderly man near a tree. Another soldier passes a knife to one of the attackers, who begins slicing at the victim’s neck. The victim’s head begins to separate from the neck before the video ends. The victim was identified as Yuri Asryan, a reclusive 82-year-old who had refused to leave the village on 20 October as Azerbaijani forces approached. In another video, a villager named Kamo Manasyan is kicked and beaten as blood streams from his right eye. “How many more of you are here,” his interrogator yells in heavily accented Russian, aiming a rifle at Manasyan’s head. “Shoot me if you want,” Manasyan replies. The man hit him with the rifle instead.<ref>{{cite news|title=Two men beheaded in videos from Nagorno-Karabakh war identified|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/15/two-men-beheaded-in-videos-from-nagorno-karabakh-war-identified|work=The Guardian|date=15 December 2020}}</ref> On 16 October, according to Armenia's ombudsman report, an Azerbaijani serviceman had called the brother of an Armenian soldier from the latter's phone number, saying that his brother was with them and that they had beheaded him and were going to post his photos on the internet; according to Armenian sources, they did post the image online.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ombuds.am/en_us/site/ViewNews/1337|title=The Azeris beheaded the Armenian soldier, called and informed his brother and posted the picture on the Internet. The Human Rights Defender recorded the fact|work=The Human Rights Defender of Republic of Armenia|date=19 October 2020|access-date=19 October 2020}}</ref> The Humanitarian Aid Relief Trust included the beheading of an Armenian soldier in their reporting.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hart-uk.org/news/update-on-the-conflict-in-nagorno-karabakh-artsakh|title=Update on the Conflict in Nagorno Karabakh (Artsakh)|date=2 November 2020|access-date=2 November 2020|work=Humanitarian Aid Relief Trust}}</ref> In early November, Armenia applied to [[European Convention on Human Rights]] over the videos of the brutal treatment of the bodies of Armenian POWs, which were spread on the social network.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.am/eng/news/611104.html|title=Armenia applies to ECHR over mutilated corpses of Armenian soldiers in Azerbaijan territory|work=News.am|date=2 November 2020|access-date=28 November 2020}}</ref> On November 23, ECHR announced that it applies urgent measures in case of Armenian POWs and civilians held in Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1035659.html|title=ECHR applies urgent measures in case of Armenian POWs in Azeri custody|work=Armenpress|date=23 November 2020|access-date=28 November 2020}}</ref> [[Michael Rubin]] of the ''[[Washington Examiner]]'', referring to the beheadings, the torture and mutilations of POWs, stated that, in contrast to Aliyev's reassurance of ethnic Armenians on remaining as residents of Azerbaijan, the actions of the Azerbaijani servicemen "tell a different story".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rubin |first1=Michael |title=Azerbaijan should guarantee Armenians access to Nagorno-Karabakh's churches |url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/azerbaijan-should-guarantee-armenians-access-to-nagorno-karabakhs-churches |work=Washington Examiner |date=23 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Human Rights Watch reported about the videos depicting physical abuse and humiliation of Armenian POWs by their Azerbaijani captors, adding that the most of the captors did not fear being held accountable, as their faces were visible in the videos.<ref name="ArmenianPOWs">{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/12/02/azerbaijan-armenian-prisoners-war-badly-mistreated|title=Azerbaijan: Armenian Prisoners of War Badly Mistreated|work=Human Rights Watch|date=2 December 2020|access-date=2 December 2020}}</ref> HRW spoke with the families of some of the POWs in the videos, who provided photographs and other documents establishing their identity, and confirmed that these relatives were serving either in the [[Artsakh Defence Army]], or the [[Armed Forces of Armenia|Armenian armed forces]].<ref name="ArmenianPOWs" /> A criminal case was opened in Azerbaijan over the Armenian POWs videos with the country's Prosecutor General's Office stating that inhuman treatment could result in the criminal prosecution of some soldiers serving in the Azerbaijani Armed Forces. It also stated that many of these videos were fake.<ref name="azeinvestigate">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/azerbaijan-55044791 |title=Erməni əsirlərin cəsədlərilə qəddar rəftarı göstərən videolarla bağlı Azərbaycanda cinayət işi açılıb |date=23 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> On 14 December, the Azerbaijani security forces arrested two Azerbaijani privates and two other warrant officers accused of insulting the bodies of the Armenian servicemen and gravestones belonging to Armenians.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://qafqazinfo.az/news/detail/ermeni-meyitlerini-tehqir-eden-4-herbcimiz-hebs-edilib-resmi-308348 |title=Erməni meyitlərini təhqir edən 4 hərbçimiz həbs edilib – Rəsmi |date=14 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=Qafqazinfo.az |language=az}}</ref> == Official statements == === Armenia and Artsakh === [[File:NA moment silence.jpg|thumb|right|President of the National Assembly [[Ararat Mirzoyan]] (second from left) leads a moment of silence honoring Armenian soldiers and civilians who perished during the war.]] On 27 September 2020, the [[Prime Minister of Armenia]], [[Nikol Pashinyan]], accused the Azerbaijani authorities of a large-scale provocation. The Prime Minister stated that the "recent aggressive statements of the Azerbaijani leadership, large-scale joint military exercises with Turkey, as well as the rejection of OSCE proposals for monitoring" indicated that the aggression was pre-planned and constituted a major violation of regional peace and security.<ref name="Pashinyan">{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/rus/news/1028969.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=98f50d3be7467be095f17b6579e9d7b5127d6229-1601273684-0-AV9Aq1xDiwWlWRcSm6_QNHFtPWl-1uy_12Mp1-D0QEdVBlulmTOWF6iUl0PRCA5eWHGJZNB9c8A8DWhMdgmkcE2nhhhAMZoTQgTjPIrSI5m3Dk5Ljw28Fwyrqfel7ZwrN7ZmevRVMNm_HmziN1HTKhwryYXhcZsP2CTqei4WfHFSOrdVvjbqm2FxC3mv2pt49tCMStF53flYq4GwdJq1ESf-xzVQZzRM6ndJSQPvkh9Gbz_spC9aM3-UIOghoCEjtMyqrrb8Mc5uA5M_d75HQHfgCnDvoKZpRxNq57MjQItE|title=Агрессия со стороны Азербайджана была спланирована заранее: Пашинян|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|date=27 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020|language=ru}}</ref> The next day, Armenia's [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Armenia)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] (MoFA) issued a statement, noting that the "people of Artsakh were at war with the [[Azerbaijan–Turkey relations|Turkish–Azerbaijani alliance]]".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://armenpress.am/rus/news/1029219.html|title=Народ Арцаха воюет с турецко-азербайджанским альянсом: МИД Республики Армения|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|language=ru|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> The same day, the Armenian ambassador to Russia, Vardan Toganyan, did not rule out that Armenia may turn to [[Russia]] for fresh arms supplies.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://armenpress.am/rus/news/1029218.html |title=Вардан Тоганян не исключил, что Армения может обратиться к РФ для новых поставок оружия|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|language=ru|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> On 29 September 2020, Prime Minister Pashinyan stated that Azerbaijan, with military support from Turkey, was expanding the theater into Armenian territory.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029486.html|title=Azerbaijan expanding geography of hostilities with active support of Turkey – PM Pashinyan|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> On 30 September 2020, Pashinyan stated that Armenia was considering officially recognizing the Republic of Artsakh as an independent territory.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029566.html|title=Armenia considers officially recognizing independence of Nagorno Karabakh, Pashinyan says|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|date=30 September 2020 |access-date=30 September 2020}}</ref> The same day, the Armenian MoFA stated that the Turkish Air Force had carried out provocative flights along the front between the forces of the Republic of Artsakh and Azerbaijan, including providing air support to the Azerbaijani army.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mfa.am/hy/interviews-articles-and-comments/2020/09/30/MFA_Turkey_Statement/10476?fbclid=IwAR0ylwyRWXr1pLEQ8chg70Xf0Mkx58sLdUwKwhdkm6I5kcGr1b15I4Mo63E|title=ՀՀ ԱԳՆ հայտարարությունը Թուրքիայի ԶՈՒ ներգրավվածության վերաբերյալ|publisher=MFA|date=30 September 2020|language=hy}}</ref> On 1 October 2020, the President of Artsakh, [[Arayik Harutyunyan]], stated that Armenians needed to prepare for a long-term war.<ref>{{cite web|title=Putin, Macron call for Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire as deaths mount|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/1/putin-macron-call-for-nagorno-karabakh-ceasefire-as-deaths-mount?scrlybrkr=a02a50bf|website=aljezzera.com|publisher=Aljazzera|access-date=1 October 2020}}</ref> Two days later, the Nagorno-Karabakh (Artsakh) Foreign Ministry called on the international community to recognize the [[Political status of Nagorno-Karabakh|independence]] of the Republic of Artsakh in order to restore regional peace and security.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/285974/|title=Karabakh urges international community to recognize its independence|publisher=PanArmenian |quote=Nagorno-Karabakh (Artsakh) Foreign Ministry on Saturday, October 3 called on the international community to recognize the independence of Artsakh.}}</ref> On 6 October 2020, the Armenian prime minister, Nikol Pashinyan, stated that the Armenian side was prepared to make concessions, if Azerbaijan was ready to reciprocate.<ref>{{cite web|title=Пашинян: Ереван готов к уступкам в карабахском конфликте, если к этому же готовы в Баку|url=https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/9645263|access-date=2020-10-29|agency=ТАСС}}</ref> On 9 October 2020, Armen Sarkissian demanded that international powers, particularly, the United States, Russia and [[NATO]], do more to stop Turkey's involvement in the war and warned that [[Ankara]] is creating "another Syria in the Caucasus".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hetq.am/en/article/122861|title="Turkey creating "another Syria in Caucasus", Armenian President Tells Financial Times |date=2020-10-09|website=hetq.am|publisher=Hetq}}</ref> On 21 October 2020, Nikol Pashinyan stated that "it is impossible to talk about a diplomatic solution at this stage, at least at this stage", since the compromise option is not acceptable for Azerbaijan, while the Armenian side stated many times that it is ready to resolve the issue through compromises. Pashinyan said that "to fight for the rights of our people means, first of all, to take up arms and commit to the protection of the rights of the homeland".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/21/pm-there-is-no-diplomatic-solution-to-karabakh-issue-at-least-not-in-this-stage/|title=There is no diplomatic solution to Karabakh issue, at least not in this stage|date=2020-10-21|website=armradio.am|publisher=Public Radio of Armenia}}</ref> On 12 November 2020, Pashinyan addressed his nation, saying that "Armenia and the Armenian people are living extremely difficult days. There is sorrow in the hearts of all of us, tears in the eyes of all of us, pain in the souls of all of us". The prime minister pointed out that the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Armenia reported that the war "must be stopped immediately". And the President of Artsakh warned that if the hostilities do not stop, Stepanakert could be lost in days. Pashinyan also stated that the Karabakh issue was not resolved and is not resolved and that the international recognition of the Artsakh Republic is becoming an absolute priority.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hetq.am/en/article/124228|title=Pashinyan to Nation: "Karabakh Issue Has Not Been Resolved"|date=2020-11-12|website=hetq.am|publisher=[[Hetq]]}}</ref> === Azerbaijan === [[File:Ilham Aliyev chaired a Security Council meeting (cropped).png|thumb|right|Meeting of the [[President of Azerbaijan|Azerbaijani President]] [[Ilham Aliyev]] with the country's Security Council on 27 September 2020]] The day before the conflict, on 26 September 2020, according to the [[Ministry of Defence (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijani Ministry of Defence]], the Armenian military violated the ceasefire 48 times along the line of contact. Azerbaijan stated that the Armenian side attacked first, prompting an Azerbaijani counter-offensive.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mod.gov.az/en/frontline-news-557/|title=26 September 2020 09:40 |publisher=Defence Ministry of Azerbaijan|date=26 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> On 27 September 2020, Azerbaijan accused Armenian forces of a "willful and deliberate" attack on the front line<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gulf-times.com/story/673912/Heavy-fighting-erupts-in-Nagorny-Karabakh|title=Heavy fighting erupts in Nagorny Karabak|date=27 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020|publisher=Gulf Times}}</ref> and of targeting civilian areas, alleging a "gross violation of [[international humanitarian law]]".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://azertag.az/en/xeber/Hikmat_Hajiyev_Armenia_039s_deliberate_targeting_of_residential_areas_and_the_civilians_is_a_gross_violation_of_international_humanitarian_law-1596165|title=Hikmat Hajiyev: Armenia's deliberate targeting of residential areas and the civilians is a gross violation of international humanitarian law|website=azertag.az|publisher=Azerbaijan State News Agency|date=27 September 2020 |access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> On 28 September 2020, it stated that Armenia's actions had destroyed the peace negotiations through an act of aggression,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://report.az/dagliq-qarabag-munaqishesi/hikmet-haciyev-ordumuz-azerbaycan-erazisinin-tehlukesizliyini-temin-edir/|title=Hikmət Hacıyev: "Ordumuz Azərbaycan ərazisinin təhlükəsizliyini təmin edir"|website=report.az|publisher=Report Information Agency|language=az|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> alleged that a war had been launched against Azerbaijan, mobilized the people of Azerbaijan, and declared a [[Great Patriotic War (term)|Great Patriotic War]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://report.az/dagliq-qarabag-munaqishesi/prezidentin-komekcisi-azerbaycana-qarsi-muharibe-baslayib/|title=Prezidentin köməkçisi: "Bu, Azərbaycan xalqının Böyük Vətən Müharibəsidir"|website=report.az|publisher=Report Information Agency|language=az|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> It then stated that the deployment of the Armenian military in Nagorno-Karabakh constituted a threat to regional peace and accused Armenia of propagandising, adding that the Azerbaijani military was operating according to international law.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Hikmat-Hajiyev:-%22Armenia-prepares-very-false-and-needless-information%22-331408|title=Hikmat Hajiyev: "Armenia prepares very false and needless information" |website=apa.az|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> The Azerbaijani authorities issued a statement accusing the Armenian military of purposefully targeting civilians, including women and children.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/az/sosial_xeberler/Dovlt-Komitsi-Ermnistan-silahli-quvvlrinin-qadin-v-usaqlari-qtl-yetirmsin-dair-byanat-yayib-607424|title=Dövlət Komitəsi Ermənistan silahlı qüvvələrinin qadın və uşaqları qətlə yetirməsinə dair bəyanat yayıb|website=apa.az|language=az|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> The Azerbaijani Minister of Foreign Affairs (MoFA) denied any reports of Turkish involvement, while admitting military-technical cooperation with Turkey and other countries.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://regnum.ru/news/polit/3075510.html|title=Азербайджан ответил на обвинения Армении в привлечении наёмников|website=regnum.ru|publisher=REGNUM News Agency|language=ru|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> On 29 September 2020, the President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, spoke about Azerbaijan's [[territorial integrity]]. Aliyev stated that Armenian control of the area and aggression had led to the destruction of infrastructure and mosques, caused the [[Khojaly massacre]], and resulted in [[cultural genocide]], insulting the [[Muslim world]] and being tantamount to state-backed [[Islamophobia]] and [[anti-Azerbaijani sentiment]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://azertag.az/xeber/Prezident_Ilham_Aliyev_Islamofobiya_ve_Azerbaycanofobiya_siyaseti_artiq_Ermenistanin_resmi_ideologiyasina_chevrilib-1598429|title=Prezident İlham Əliyev: İslamofobiya və Azərbaycanofobiya siyasəti artıq Ermənistanın rəsmi ideologiyasına çevrilib|website=azertag.az|publisher=Azerbaijan State News Agency|language=az|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> The Azerbaijani MoFA demanded that Armenia stop shelling civilians and called on international organizations to ensure Armenia followed international law.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/MFA:-We-demand-from-Armenia-to-stop-shelling-civilians-331517|title=MFA: We demand from Armenia to stop shelling civilians|website=apa.az|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> The Azerbaijani Ambassador to Russia denied reports of mercenaries brought in from Turkey by Azerbaijan,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://ria.ru/20200929/naemniki-1577940972.html |title=Посол Азербайджана опроверг данные о привлечении Баку турецких наемников|website=ria.ru|agency=RIA Novosti|language=ru|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> and the [[Vice President of Azerbaijan|First Vice-President of the Republic of Azerbaijan]], [[Mehriban Aliyeva]], stated that Azerbaijan had never laid claim to others' territory nor committed crimes against humanity.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Mehriban-Aliyeva:-%22May-the-Almighty-grant-every-Azerbaijani-the-chance-to-kiss-the-sacred-Karabakh-soil!%22-331594|title=Mehriban Aliyeva: "May the Almighty grant every Azerbaijani the chance to kiss the sacred Karabakh soil!"|website=apa.az|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> On 3 October 2020, Aliyev stated that Armenia needed to leave Azerbaijan's territory (in Nagorno-Karabakh) for the war to stop.<ref>{{cite web|last=Istanbul|first=Aren Melikyan in Yerevan and Arzu Geybullaeva in|title=President of Azerbaijan tells Armenia to 'leave our territory, and then, the war will stop'|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/03/asia/azerbaijan-armenia-president-intl/index.html|access-date=2020-10-04 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> The next day, Aliyev issued an official statement that Azerbaijan was "writing a new history", describing Karabakh as an ancient Azerbaijani territory and longstanding home to Azerbaijanis, and noting that Armenians had occupied Azerbaijan's territory, destroying its religious and cultural heritage, for three decades. He added that Azerbaijan would restore its cities and destroyed mosques and accused Armenia of distorting history.<ref>{{cite news|date=4 October 2020|title=President Ilham Aliyev: Today we are writing a new history of our people and state, a glorious history |website=apa.az|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/President-Ilham-Aliyev:-Today-we-are-writing-a-new-history-of-our-people-and-state-a-glorious-history-332072|access-date=4 October 2020 |quote=As you know, Azerbaijan has been fighting to restore its territorial integrity for a week now. On the battlefield, our soldiers and officers show heroism, inflict crushing blows on the enemy, put the enemy in its place, drive the enemy out of our lands at the cost of their lives... We are restoring historical justice today because the land of Karabakh is our ancient historical land. The people of Azerbaijan have lived, created and built in these lands for centuries. But for many years, for almost 30 years, Armenian executioners have occupied our lands, destroyed all our historical, religious and cultural sites. We will restore all our cities. We will restore all our mosques destroyed by the Armenians. Life will return to these places. We have put an end to the attempts of Armenians to change our historical names and falsify history, to erase the historical and cultural heritage of the Azerbaijani people. The historical names of our settlements are being restored and they will be restored.}}</ref> Two days later, Aliyev's aide, Hikmat Hajiyev, claimed that Armenia had deployed cluster munitions against cities,<ref>{{cite news|title=Ermenistan cepheden kaçıyor sivilleri vuruyor|language=tr|work=Dünya Bülteni|url=https://www.dunyabulteni.net/ortadogu/ermenistan-cepheden-kaciyor-sivilleri-vuruyor-h479865.html}}</ref> however this has not been verified by other sources. On 7 October 2020, Azerbaijan officially notified members of the World Conference on Constitutional Justice, the Conference of European Constitutional Courts, the Association of Asian Constitutional Courts and similar organizations that it had launched the operation in line with international law to re-establish its internationally recognized territorial integrity and for the safety of its people.<ref>{{cite web|date=7 October 2020|title=Azerbaijan sends notice to world courts on military ops|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/azerbaijan-front-line/azerbaijan-sends-notice-to-world-courts-on-military-ops/1998840|access-date=18 October 2020|publisher=Anadolu Agency}}</ref> He also accused Armenia of [[Discrimination|ethnic discrimination]] on account of the historical expulsion or self-exile of ethnic minority communities, highlighting its [[Demographics of Armenia|mono-ethnic population]].<ref>{{cite web|date=8 October 2020|title=President Ilham Aliyev: "Armenia is a racist country, representatives of no other nationality can live there" |url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/President-Ilham-Aliyev:-%22Armenia-is-a-racist-country-representatives-of-no-other-nationality-can-live-there%22-332434|access-date=8 October 2020 |website=apa.az|quote=There are representatives of many nationalities living in Azerbaijan. They live like one family. Azerbaijan is known as a multicultural country worldwide. This is acknowledged by the United Nations, as well as other international organizations operating in the humanitarian field. Azerbaijan is the land of tolerance, ethnic and religious tolerance. Thousands of Armenians live in our country today and they are our citizens. They also live normally, like all other nationalities. Of course, I am sure that after the end of this war and conflict, the Armenians living in Nagorno-Karabakh today will live with us. Azerbaijan is a multinational country. This has been the case throughout history. I think this is our great advantage.}}</ref> On 10 October 2020, Azerbaijani Foreign Minister [[Jeyhun Bayramov]] stated that the truce signed on the same day was temporary.<ref>{{cite news|author=Reuters Staff|date=2020-10-10|title=Azeri foreign minister says Nagorno-Karabakh truce is temporary|work=Reuters|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-armenia-azerbaijan-foreignminister-idUKKBN26V0JK|access-date=2020-10-10}}</ref> Despite this, Aliyev stated that both parties were now attempting to determine a political resolution to the conflict.<ref name=":3">{{cite news|last=Hovhannisyan|first=Nailia Bagirova, Nvard|date=2020-10-10|title=Armenia and Azerbaijan accuse each other of violating Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire|work=Reuters|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-armenia-azerbaijan-diplomacy-idUKKBN26V007|access-date=2020-10-10}}</ref> On 21 October 2020, Aliyev, stated that Azerbaijan did not ruled out the introduction international observers and peacekeepers in Nagorno-Karabakh, but will put forward some conditions when the time comes.<ref name="aljazeerapeacekeeper">{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/22/azeri-president-says-armenians-can-have-cultural-autonomy|title=Azeri president says Armenians can have "cultural autonomy"|date=22 October 2020|access-date=22 October 2020|agency=Al Jazeera}}</ref> He then added that Azerbaijan did not agree for a referendum in Nagorno-Karabakh,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ria.ru/20201022/karabakh-1580992201.html|title=Алиев исключил возможность проведения референдума в Карабахе|date=22 October 2020|access-date=22 October 2020|language=ru|publisher=RIA Novosti}}</ref> but didn't exclude the cultural autonomy of Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh,<ref name="aljazeerapeacekeeper"/> and reaffirmed that the Azerbaijan considers Armenians living in Nagorno-Karabakh as their citizens, promising security and rights.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20201022/armyane-1581006912.html|title=Права армян в Карабахе будут полностью соблюдены, заявил Алиев|date=22 October 2020|access-date=22 October 2020|language=ru|publisher=RIA Novosti}}</ref> On 26 October 2020, Aliyev, stated that the Azerbaijani government will inspect and record the destruction by Armenian forces in Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh during the [[Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54686682?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f96ffdd67645202b6c4c36e%26%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%20%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%20%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5%20%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8%262020-10-26T16%3A57%3A03.151Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:685e43b5-6cb6-46d3-b1e3-d06cb7246c89&pinned_post_asset_id=5f96ffdd67645202b6c4c36e&pinned_post_type=share|title=Алиев грозит Армении счетом за разоренные земли|date=26 October 2020|access-date=26 October 2020|language=ru|publisher=BBC Russian Service}}</ref> == Allegations of third-party involvement == Because of the geography, history, and sensitivities of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, accusations, allegations, and statements have been made of involvement by third-party and international actors, including in media reports and by the [[Syrian Observatory for Human Rights]] (SOHR). Evidence of the presence of Syrian fighters in Azerbaijan is increasing.<ref name="bbc_061020">{{cite news|title=Война в Карабахе: сотни раненых и погибшие по обе стороны фронта|trans-title=Karabakh war: Hundreds wounded and killed on both sides of the front|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944|publisher=BBC|access-date=6 October 2020|language=ru|quote=Some results of Saturday|archive-date=6 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006141402/https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[OHCHR]] stated that there were reports about mercenaries on both sides, and called for their withdrawal from Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref name="ohchr">{{cite news |title=OHCHR {{!}} Mercenaries in and around the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict zone must be withdrawn – UN experts |url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=26494&LangID=E |access-date=13 November 2020 |work=www.ohchr.org}}</ref> === Turkey and Syrian National Army === {{See also|Azerbaijan–Turkey relations}} [[File:Recep Tayyip Erdogan 2020 visit to Baku with Ilham Aliyev 25.jpg|thumb|[[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan|Recep Tayyip Erdogan]] with [[Ilham Aliyev]] on a 2020 visit to Baku.]] Prior to the beginning of the conflict, Turkey's upped rhetoric against Armenia, as well as its recruitment of several hundred Syrian refugees had been reported the previous week by Syrian commentators, activists and others on social media, circulated among Syrian refugees, dissidents and others who monitor Syria.<ref>{{cite web|last=FRANTZMAN|first=SETH J.|date=2020-09-26|title=Is Turkey planning to recruit Syrians to fight Armenia? – The Jerusalem Post|url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/is-turkey-planning-to-recruit-syrians-to-fight-armenia-643628|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018234150/https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/is-turkey-planning-to-recruit-syrians-to-fight-armenia-643628|archive-date=2020-10-18|access-date=2020-10-18|newspaper=The Jerusalem Post|quote=Turkey has upped its rhetoric against Armenia in recent days, threatening the country and claiming Armenia is "playing with fire" and alleging Armenia has recruited "terrorists". [...] Several hundred Syrian refugees have been recruited by Turkey to fight against Armenia in the disputed Karabagh region, according to claims by Syrian commentators, activists and other reports. The claims were posted on social media this week and circulated among Syrian refugees, dissidents and others who monitor Syria.}}</ref> Detailed reporting on the evidence of Syrian fighters in Azerbaijan exists, as well as apparent Turkish military involvement, causing international concern. Two days into the conflict, several Syrian National Army (SNA) members and the SOHR<ref name="SOHR1">{{cite news |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/186036/|title=Syrian rebel fighters prepare to deploy to Azerbaijan in sign of Turkey's ambition|publisher=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights|date=28 September 2020|access-date=4 October 2020|archive-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002050822/https://www.syriahr.com/en/186036/|url-status=live}}</ref> reported that a private Turkish security company was recruiting Syrians to fight in Artsakh;<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/28/syrian-rebel-fighters-prepare-to-deploy-to-azerbaijan-in-sign-of-turkeys-ambition|title=Syrian rebel fighters prepare to deploy to Azerbaijan in sign of Turkey's ambition|first=Bethan|last=McKernan|newspaper=The Guardian|date=28 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020|archive-date=28 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928212602/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/28/syrian-rebel-fighters-prepare-to-deploy-to-azerbaijan-in-sign-of-turkeys-ambition|url-status=live}}</ref> Azerbaijan <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20200929-azerbaijan-denies-turkey-sent-syria-fighters-to-support-it/|title=Azerbaijan denies Turkey sent Syria fighters to support it |website=middleeastmonitor.com|publisher=Middle East Monitor|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020|archive-date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929123407/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20200929-azerbaijan-denies-turkey-sent-syria-fighters-to-support-it/|url-status=live}}</ref> and Turkey issued denials. ''[[France24]]'', ''[[The Independent]]'' and ''[[The Guardian]]'' have reported evidence of Syrian mercenaries recruited in Syria by Turkey to fight alongside the Azerbaijani servicemen in Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://observers.france24.com/fr/20201020-videos-document-presence-mercenaires-syriens-conflit-haut-karabakh|title=Des vidéos documentent la présence de mercenaires syriens dans le conflit du Haut-Karabakh|publisher=France24|date=20 October 2020|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/armenia-azerbaijan-syria-war-fighting-mercenary-russia-b912446.html?fbclid=IwAR0Y231bnsLeiCKcayZYrZSoKDl4quZbpZGGWDDzPU2Z2OHr80trg6IqfIk|title=We don't even know where Azerbaijan is: The Syrian mercenaries driven by poverty to die in a distant war|publisher=The Independent|date=9 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=McKernan|first=Bethan|date=2020-09-28|title=Syrian rebel fighters prepare to deploy to Azerbaijan in sign of Turkey's ambition|work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/28/syrian-rebel-fighters-prepare-to-deploy-to-azerbaijan-in-sign-of-turkeys-ambition|access-date=2020-10-26|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=McKernan |first=Bethan|date=2020-10-02|title=Syrian recruit describes role of foreign fighters in Nagorno-Karabakh|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/02/syrian-recruit-describes-role-of-foreign-fighters-in-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=2020-10-26|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> A report in ''[[The Times]]'' partially confirmed Turkish involvement in sending 200 Syrian fighters to support Azerbaijani forces;<ref>{{cite news|last=Beirut|first=Hannah Lucinda Smith, Istanbul {{!}} Marc Bennetts, Moscow {{!}} Richard Spencer|date=29 September 2020|title=Nagorno-Karabakh clashes: Turkey sends Syrian mercenaries into combat against Armenians|work=The Times|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/nagorno-karabakh-clashes-turkey-sends-syrian-mercenaries-into-combat-against-armenians-wz6cqjc57|url-status=live|access-date=30 September 2020|issn=0140-0460|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930002607/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/nagorno-karabakh-clashes-turkey-sends-syrian-mercenaries-into-combat-against-armenians-wz6cqjc57}}</ref> a Turkish-based source reported that these were acting independently of the SNA.<ref name="guard"/> [[Emmanuel Macron]] accused Turkey of dispatching Syrian "[[jihadism|jihadists]]" to Nagorno-Karabakh via [[Gaziantep]]<ref name="Macron">{{cite web|date=1 October 2020|title=France accuses Turkey of sending Syrian jihadists to Nagorno-Karabakh|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-putin-macron/france-accuses-turkey-of-sending-syrian-mercenaries-to-nagorno-karabakh-idUSKBN26L3SB|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004084924/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-putin-macron/france-accuses-turkey-of-sending-syrian-mercenaries-to-nagorno-karabakh-idUSKBN26L3SB |archive-date=4 October 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|work=Reuters|quote="We now have information which indicates that Syrian fighters from jihadist groups have (transited) through Gaziantep (southeastern Turkey) to reach the Nagorno-Karabakh theatre of operations"}}</ref> while Russia expressed concern over "illegal armed units" from Syria and Libya being present in the conflict zone.<ref>{{cite web |title=Comment by the Information and Press Department on the movement of foreign mercenaries to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict zone |url=https://www.mid.ru/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/cKNonkJE02Bw/content/id/4363834|access-date=2020-10-04|website=mid.ru}}</ref> [[Syrian President]] [[Bashar al-Assad]] reiterated Macron's concerns.<ref name="assad">{{cite web|date=6 October 2020|title=Syria's Assad blames Turkey for fighting between Azeris and Armenians|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/syrias-assad-says-turkeys-erdogan-main-instigator-in-nagorno-karabakh-644704|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009013802/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/syrias-assad-says-turkeys-erdogan-main-instigator-in-nagorno-karabakh-644704|archive-date=9 October 2020|access-date=10 October 2020}}</ref> On 3 October 2020, Armenian Prime Minister [[Nikol Pashinyan]] stated that Syrian fighters, together with [[Turkish Land Forces|Turkish army]] specialists, were involved, along with circa 150 senior Turkish military officers, allegedly directing military operations.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-03|title=150 Turkish high ranking military officers in Azerbaijani command centers – PM Pashinyan|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1030164/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009093117/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1030164/ |archive-date=2020-10-09|access-date=2020-10-10|website=armenpress.am|publisher=Armenpress|quote=Prime Minister of Armenia Nikol Pashinyan announced that the analysis of the developments of the previous day show that 150–200 soldiers of the enemy attack 1 military position of the Defense Army of Artsakh.}}</ref> The [[National Security Service (Armenia)|National Security Service of Armenia]] presented intercepts, allegedly between the Turkish and Azerbaijani military, and between the Azerbaijani military and mercenaries.<ref>{{cite web|title=СРОЧНО! СНБ Армении представила факт участия Турции и наемников-террористов в боях против Карабаха|url=https://news.am/rus/news/605835.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009092839/https://news.am/rus/news/605835.html|archive-date=2020-10-09|access-date=2020-10-10|publisher=News.am|language=ru}}</ref> U.S. Secretary of State [[Mike Pompeo]] stated that Turkey's involvement in the conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia has increased the risk in the region, inflaming the situation by arming the Azerbaijanis.<ref>{{cite web|last=Pavlovska|first=Elena|date=2020-10-16|title=Pompeo criticizes Turkey's involvement in Nagorno-Karabakh conflict |url=https://www.neweurope.eu/article/pompeo-criticizes-turkeys-involvement-in-nagorno-karabakh-conflict/|access-date=2020-10-16|website=neweurope.eu|publisher=New Europe}}</ref> On 2 October 2020, Russian investigative newspaper ''[[Novaya Gazeta]]'' reported 700–1,000 militants had apparently been sent to Azerbaijan and detailed their transport and recruitment itinerary, referring to the Hamza Division and the Samarkand and Nureddin Zinki Brigades.<ref>{{cite web|title=В бой вступают наемники|url=https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2020/10/02/87340-v-boy-vstupayut-naemniki|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008030747/https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2020/10/02/87340-v-boy-vstupayut-naemniki|archive-date=2020-10-08|access-date=2020-10-10|website=novayagazeta.ru |publisher=Novaya Gazeta|language=ru}}</ref> The [[State Security Service of Georgia|Georgian State Security Service]] stated news about the passage of Syrian fighters from Turkey through Georgia to Azerbaijan was disinformation.<ref name="georgiarefuses">{{cite web|title=В Тбилиси заявили, что боевики из Сирии не перебрасываются в Азербайджан через Грузию|url=https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/9619351|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008225014/https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/9619351|archive-date=2020-10-08|access-date=2020-10-10|website=tass.ru|agency=TASS|language=ru}}</ref> On 3 October 2020, Elizabeth Tsurkov, an American expert on Syria, reported on videos of Arabic-speaking foreigners, who she identified as likely Syrian mercenaries in [[Horadiz]], urging compatriots to join them.<ref name="bbc_061020"/><ref>{{cite news|date=2020-10-03|title=Syrians in the Karabakh conflict zone, geolocated|publisher=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944|url-status=live|access-date=2020-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008201843/https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944|archive-date=2020-10-08}}.</ref> Subsequently, Tsurkov detailed the recruitment, by the Hamza Division and Sultan Murad and Sultan Suleyman Shah Brigades, of at least a thousand mercenaries to Azerbaijan, including civilians with no fighting experience who had been informed they would be guarding [[Petroleum industry in Azerbaijan|oil facilities]] but were then sent to the front.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-16|title=The Syrian Mercenaries Fighting Foreign Wars for Russia and Turkey |url=https://www.nybooks.com/daily/2020/10/16/the-syrian-mercenaries-fighting-foreign-wars-for-russia-and-turkey/|access-date=2020-10-16|website=nybooks.com|publisher=The New York Review of Books}}</ref> On 5 October 2020, Russian News Agency ''[[RIA Novosti]]'' stated that 322 Syrian mercenaries were in the conflict zone and that 93 had been killed, while 430 from Syria had already arrived.<ref>{{cite web |title=Источник рассказал о гибели в Карабахе 93 сирийских наемников|url=https://ria.ru/20201005/karabakh-1578209189.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006221356/https://ria.ru/20201005/karabakh-1578209189.html|archive-date=2020-10-06|access-date=2020-10-10|website=ria.ru|publisher=RIA Novosti|language=ru}}</ref> On 6 October 2020, Russia's [[Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia)|Foreign Intelligence Service]] alleged that several thousand fighters from Middle East terrorist organizations had arrived in Nagorno-Karabakh to fight for Azerbaijan, specifically from [[Jabhat al-Nusra]] ([[al-Qaeda]] branch), Firkat Hamza, and the Sultan Murad Division, stating all were linked to the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|Islamic State]] (ISIL).<ref name="alqaeda">{{cite web|date=2020-10-06|title=Разведка доложила: в Карабах прибыли террористы из Сирии и Ливии|url=https://www.gazeta.ru/army/2020/10/06/13283173.shtml?updated|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010122605/https://www.gazeta.ru/army/2020/10/06/13283173.shtml?updated|archive-date=2020-10-10|access-date=2020-10-06|website=gazeta.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref name="alqaeda1">{{cite web|date=2020-10-06|title=Нарышкин назвал "принципиально новое" в конфликте в Карабахе|url=https://www.rbc.ru/politics/06/10/2020/5f7c5b249a79477685a1fab8|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007013945/https://www.rbc.ru/politics/06/10/2020/5f7c5b249a79477685a1fab8|archive-date=2020-10-07|access-date=2020-10-06|website=rbc.ru|publisher=RBK Group|language=ru}}</ref> On 7 October 2020, [[Asia Times]] reported that mercenaries allegedly signed up to go to Azerbaijan for US$1,500 a month.<ref>{{cite web|last=Zaza|first=Ahmad|date=2020-10-07 |title=Turkey deploys Syrian mercenaries to Karabakh war|url=https://asiatimes.com/2020/10/turkey-deploys-syrian-mercenaries-to-karabakh-war/|website=asiatimes.com|publisher=Asia Times}}</ref> ''[[Kommersant]]'' states that during the first week of October up to 1,300 Syrian militants and 150 Libyan mercenaries deployed to Azerbaijan.<ref name=":17">{{cite web|last=Cherenko|first=Elena|date=2020-10-16 |title=Принуждение к конфликту|trans-title=Forcing conflict|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4537733|access-date=2020-10-16|website=kommersant.ru|publisher=Kommersant}}</ref> On 16 October 2020, ''Kommersant'' provided details of Turkish military involvement. Turkish servicemen had apparently remained in Azerbaijan after joint military drills during the summer, to coordinate and direct the planning and conducting of the operations. Six hundred servicemen had stayed on, including a tactical battalion of 200 people, 50 instructors in [[Nakhchivan (city)|Nakhchivan]], 90 military advisers in Baku, 120 flight personnel at the airbase in [[Qabala]]; 20 drone operators at [[Dollyar Air Base]], 50 instructors at the aviabase in [[Yevlakh]], 50 instructors in the 4th Army Corps in [[Perekeshkul]] and 20 others at the [[Azerbaijani Navy#Naval Bases and installations|naval base]] and [[Azerbaijan Higher Military Academy]] in Baku. According to the source, forces included 18 Turkish infantry fighting vehicles, one multiple launch rocket system, 10 vehicles and up to 34 aircraft, including 6 warplanes, 8 helicopters and up to 20 military intelligence drones.<ref name=":17"/> [[Canada]] suspended the export of its drone technology to Turkey over concerns that it is using the technology in the conflict.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-05|title=Canada to suspend arms exports to Turkey over Armenia, Azerbaijan conflict allegations|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/7379529/canada-arms-exports-turkey/|website=globalnews.ca|publisher=Global News}}</ref> At the start of the conflict, according to the SOHR, a total of 320 Syrian fighters were in Azerbaijan, primarily of Syrian-Turkmen descent from the [[Sultan Murad Division]], and initially had not participated in the fighting. It stated that Arab-majority Syrian rebel groups had in fact refused to send their fighters to Azerbaijan.<ref name="auto3">{{cite web|date=2020-09-29|title=SOHR {{!}} Reports of 4,000 Turkish-backed Syrian fighters in Azerbaijan untrue|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/186142/|access-date=2020-10-01|website=The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|archive-date=2020-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004073720/https://www.syriahr.com/en/186142/|url-status=live}}</ref> However, the SOHR confirmed the deaths of 28 fighters several days after the start of the conflict.<ref name="SOHR01">{{cite news|date=1 October 2020|title=Nagorno-Karabakh battles – Nearly 30 Turkish-backed Syrian mercenaries killed in 48 hours, over 60 others missing|website=syriahr.com|publisher=SOHR |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/186420/|url-status=live|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004151400/https://www.syriahr.com/en/186420/|archive-date=4 October 2020}}</ref> On 3 December 2020, the SOHR stated that at least 541 pro-Turkey Syrian rebel fighters, who were among more than 2,580 combatants, had been killed in the war.<ref name="syriandead"/> An unidentified SNA leader, the ''[[The Guardian]]'' and ''[[The Washington Post]]'' confirmed the deaths of dozens of Syrian fighters, most of them hired by Turkey.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Carley|first1=Patricia|date=September 29, 2020|title=Turkey recruiting Syrians to guard troops and facilities in Azerbaijan|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/azerbaijan-armenia-turkey-syrians-recruiting-guard-facilities|publisher=Middle East Eye|quote="These situations are dangerous and this is not our battle, the Shia have been our number one enemy supporting the Syrian regime for 10 years", he said, adding that they will not just be used as guards and 30 Syrians have already been killed in fighting on the front.|access-date=October 10, 2020|archive-date=October 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002075651/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/azerbaijan-armenia-turkey-syrians-recruiting-guard-facilities|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=McKernan|first=Bethan|date=2 October 2020|title=Syrian recruit describes role of foreign fighters in Nagorno-Karabakh|newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/02/syrian-recruit-describes-role-of-foreign-fighters-in-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009090919/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/02/syrian-recruit-describes-role-of-foreign-fighters-in-nagorno-karabakh|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Fahim|first1=Kareem|last2=Khurshudyan|first2=Isabelle |last3=Zakaria|first3=Zakaria|title=Deaths of Syrian mercenaries show how Turkey, Russia could get sucked into Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/azerbaijan-armenia-turkey-nagorno-karabakh/2020/10/13/2cdca1e6-08bf-11eb-8719-0df159d14794_story.html|access-date=2020-10-16|issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/azerbaijan-armenia-turkey-nagorno-karabakh/2020/10/13/2cdca1e6-08bf-11eb-8719-0df159d14794_story.html|title=Deaths of Syrian mercenaries show how Turkey, Russia could get sucked into Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|date=2020-10-14|website=washingtonpost.com|publisher=The Washington Post|access-date=14 October 2020}}</ref> Prime Minister Pashinyan in an interview given to French newspaper ''[[Le Figaro]]'' wrote that 30% of Azerbaijani forces killed in hostilities were foreign mercenaries.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-06|title=Haut-Karabakh: la guerre n'aurait pas commencé "sans l'engagement actif de la Turquie", affirme le Premier ministre arménien|url=https://video.lefigaro.fr/figaro/video/haut-karabakh-la-guerre-naurait-pas-commence-sans-lengagement-actif-de-la-turquie-affirme-le-premier-ministre-armenien/|access-date=2020-10-06|website=lefigaro.fr|publisher=Le Figaro}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-06|title="The international community must intervene as swiftly as possible to prevent the spread of violence" – PM Pashinyan's interview with Le Figaro|url=https://www.primeminister.am/en/interviews-and-press-conferences/item/2020/10/02/Nikol-Pashinyan-interview-Le-Figaro/ |access-date=2020-10-06|website=primeminister.am|publisher=Government of Armenia}}</ref> Azerbaijani officials, including President [[Ilham Aliyev|Aliyev]] and his aid [[Hikmet Hajiyev]], denied the transfer of Syrian mercenaries, with Hajiyev stating that “Rumours of militants from Syria allegedly being redeployed to Azerbaijan is another provocation by the Armenian side”.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ilham Aliyev was interviewed by France 24 TV channel|url=https://en.president.az/articles/43037|access-date=2020-12-05|website=Official website of President of Azerbaijan Republic|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Azerbaijan denies Turkey sent it fighters from Syria|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/9/28/azerbaijan-denies-turkey-sent-it-fighters-from-syria|access-date=2020-12-05|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref> Jason Epstein, a public affairs consultant, and Irina Tsukerman, an American national security analyst stated in their opinion article that because of its “improved standing military and sophisticated and effective weapons”, Azerbaijan did not need foreign fighters, including Syrians.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-20|title=A pro-Western Azerbaijan deserves American support {{!}} Opinion|url=https://www.newsweek.com/pro-western-azerbaijan-deserves-american-support-opinion-1540120|access-date=2020-12-05|website=Newsweek|language=en}}</ref> [[Nezavisimaya Gazeta]] and [[:ru:Росбалт|Rosbalt]] also questioned “the sources of information” of the accusations regarding the participation of Syrian mercenaries in the war, pointing to the study by the Caspian and Black Sea Analysis Foundation (CCBS), a [[Bulgaria]]-based analytical center, which mentioned that the accusations were based on messages from [[social media]] users, and also suggested that the first publication on this matter was done on 21 September by Kevork Almasyan of whose statement was then used by adding random photos of Syrian fighters as evidence. CCBS further mentioned that even the photograph of a deceased soldier (Serdar Temelli), who had died during the Turkish [[Operation Tiger Claw]] in northern Iraq, was used to illustrate the mercenaries in Karabakh.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Сирийских наемников "отправляют" в Карабах виртуально / СНГ / Независимая газета|url=https://www.ng.ru/cis/2020-10-17/100_2010162230.html|access-date=2020-12-05|website=www.ng.ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Сирийские наемники в Карабахе: рожденные соцсетями|url=https://www.rosbalt.ru/world/2020/10/17/1868555.html|access-date=2020-12-05|website=Росбалт|language=ru}}</ref> Historian and Russian literature researcher Boris Sokolov in his article in the [[Kyiv]]-based ''[[The Day (Kyiv)|The Day]],'' stated that there was “no convincing evidence” of the presence of Syrian mercenaries.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sokolov|first=Boris|title=Почему победил Азербайджан и проиграла Армения|url=https://day.kyiv.ua/ru/article/den-planety/pochemu-pobedil-azerbaydzhan-i-proigrala-armeniya|access-date=2020-12-06|website=The Day – Kyiv based newspaper}}</ref> === Pakistani militants === {{see also|Azerbaijan–Pakistan relations}} On 17 October 2020, the Armenian National Security Service stated that Azerbaijan was smuggling in a significant amount of ammunition, mercenaries and "terrorists" from Afghanistan and Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/286679/|title=Azerbaijan smuggling in more terrorists, arms – Armenia NSS|date=2020-10-17|website=panarmenian.net|publisher=PanARMENIAN.net|access-date=2020-10-17}}</ref> Pakistan rejected this allegation as "irresponsible propaganda", and said the claims by the Armenian government had no substance.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1585565/fo-rejects-baseless-claim-by-armenian-pm-about-pakistani-forces-involvement-in-karabakh-conflict|title=FO rejects 'baseless' claim by Armenian PM about Pakistani forces' involvement in Karabakh conflict|work=Dawn|date=17 October 2020|access-date=1 December 2020|first=Naveed|last=Siddiqui}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://tass.com/pressreview/1217255|title=Press review: Has Pakistan entered the Karabakh conflict and why Pompeo is touring S. Asia|date=2020-10-28|website=tass.com|publisher=[[TASS]]}}</ref> Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in an interview with the Indian media ''[[WION]]'' that there was "information that militants from [[Pakistan]] are involved in the war against Karabakh."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wionews.com/world/pakistan-is-sending-armed-terrorists-to-azerbaijan-armenian-pm-tells-wion-337721|title=Pakistan is sending armed terrorists to Azerbaijan, Armenian PM tells WION|date=2020-10-24|website=wionnews.com|publisher=[[WION (TV channel)|WION]]}}</ref> He told Russian reporters about Pakistan’s active role in the conflict. The President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, stated that Pakistan had supported Baku diplomatically "but military assistance is out of the question." On 28 October 2020, ''[[Kommersant]]'' reported that at least one batch of militants with weapons and ammunition were formed and sent from Pakistan's [[Peshawar]] to Azerbaijan to participate in hostilities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4549481|title=В Карабах из-за Гиндукуша|date=2020-10-28|website=km.ru|publisher=[[Kommersant]]|lang=ru|trans-title=To Karabakh due to Hindu Kush}}</ref> === Armenian diaspora volunteers === [[File:Arayik Harutyunyan awarding a volunteer on November 2 2020.jpg|thumb|Artsakh's president [[Arayik Harutyunyan]] awarding an Armenian volunteer for allegedly capturing a Syrian mercenary on 2 November 2020.<ref name="ArmenianPOWs" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Artsakh President awarded members of the volunteer unit who captured a Syrian mercenary in the Karabakh conflict zone|url=https://www.panorama.am/en/news/2020/11/02/Artsakh-President/2392969#.X6EFuXFK-e8.link|publisher=Panorama|date=2 November 2020|access-date=3 November 2020}}</ref>]] On 28 September 2020, the Azerbaijani MoD alleged that among the Armenian casualties were "mercenaries" of Armenian origin from Syria and a variety of Middle East countries.<ref name="Syrianmercs">{{cite news |date=28 September 2020|title=Vagif Dargahli: 'There are mercenaries of Armenian origin from Syria and different countries of the Middle East among the losses of the enemy' |website=apa.az|url=https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Vagif-Dargahli:-%22There-are-mercenaries-of-Armenian-origin-from-Syria-and-different-countries-of-the-Middle-East-among-the-losses-of-the-enemy%22-331402|url-status=live|access-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929174638/https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Vagif-Dargahli:-%22There-are-mercenaries-of-Armenian-origin-from-Syria-and-different-countries-of-the-Middle-East-among-the-losses-of-the-enemy%22-331402|archive-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> On the same day, the [[Ministry of Defense (Turkey)|Turkish Minister of Defence]] stated that Armenia must "send back the mercenaries and terrorists it brought from abroad".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/erdogan-urges-armenia-to-end-occupation-in-upper-karabakh-158669|title=Erdoğan urges Armenia to 'end occupation in Upper Karabakh'|newspaper=Hurriyet Daily News|date=28 September 2020|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008022039/https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/erdogan-urges-armenia-to-end-occupation-in-upper-karabakh-158669|url-status=live}}</ref> Two days later, Azerbaijani authorities asked the international community to "adequately respond to the use of terrorist forces by Armenia".<ref name="ASALAinvolvement">{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/domestic-news/Hikmet-Hajiyev:-%22International-community-should-adequately-respond-to-the-use-of-terrorist-forces-by-Armenian-against-Azerbaijan%22-331711|title=Hikmet Hajiyev: "International community should adequately respond to the use of terrorist forces by Armenian against Azerbaijan"|website=apa.az|date=30 September 2020|access-date=30 September 2020|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001061433/https://apa.az/en/domestic-news/Hikmet-Hajiyev:-%22International-community-should-adequately-respond-to-the-use-of-terrorist-forces-by-Armenian-against-Azerbaijan%22-331711|url-status=live}}</ref> On 30 September 2020, the SOHR also stated that Armenian-born Syrian fighters were being transported to Armenia to fight against Azerbaijan.<ref name="SyrianArmenian">{{cite news|date=30 September 2020|title=Armenia–Azerbaijan conflict {{!}} First Syrian fighter of Ankara-backed factions killed in Azerbaijan|publisher=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/186288/|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-date=5 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005180045/https://www.syriahr.com/en/186288/|url-status=live}}</ref> The next day, Azerbaijani authorities stated that Armenia had widely employed foreign "terrorist forces" and "mercenaries" against it, with there being evidence of people of Armenian origin from the [[Middle East]], especially [[Syria]] and [[Lebanon]], and subsequently [[Russia]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Greece]], the [[United Arab Emirates]], and other countries.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://apa.az/en/frontline-news/Azerbaijani-MFA:-Foreign-terrorist-and-mercenaries-being-used-by-Armenia-against-Azerbaijan-332119|title=Azerbaijani MFA: Foreign terrorist and mercenaries being used by Armenia against Azerbaijan|website=apa.az|date=5 October 2020|access-date=5 October 2020}}</ref> A [[Novaya Gazeta]] report, citing [[Ministry of Interior and Municipalities (Lebanon)|Lebanese Ministry of Internal Affairs]] intelligence, stated around 500 ethnic Armenian Lebanese had travelled to fight in Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2020/10/02/87340-v-boy-vstupayut-naemniki|title=В бой вступают наемники|date=2 October 2020|access-date=13 October 2020|website=novayagazeta.ru|last=el-Hayek|first=Wadih|archive-url=https://archive.is/ki0sC|archive-date=4 October 2020 |language=ru}}</ref> In early October, ''Komsomolskaya Pravda'' reported that Armenians from Lebanon, who were members of [[Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia]], a militant group listed as a terrorist organization by the United States, had supported Armenia in the war.<ref name="KPSyria" /> ''Greek City Times'' have reported that about 500–800 [[Armenians in Greece|Armenians from Greece]], as well as some [[Greeks]] volunteered to the war on Armenia's side.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://greekcitytimes.com/2020/10/03/former-non-commissioned-officer-im-going-to-artsakh-with-500-800-greeks-to-crush-the-turks/ |title=Former non-commissioned officer: "I'm going to Artsakh with 500–800 Greeks to crush the Turks" |date=October 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=Greek City Times |language=en }}</ref> An Armenian defence ministry official had said many from the diaspora applied to volunteer without giving a precise number. Hundreds from as far afield as [[Argentina]] and the [[United States]] have rushed back to Armenia for combat training, a local instructor says. Karapet Aghajanyan, the combat instructor in [[Yerevan]], who trains local and foreign volunteers, told [[Reuters]] around 10 Lebanese-Armenians had received training in his camp.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-armenia-azerbaijan-lebanon-idUKKBN27H157|title=Despite Lebanon's woes, Armenians spring to action for Nagorno-Karabakh|first=Maria Semerdjian, Ellen|last=Francis|date=1 November 2020|website=reuters.com}}</ref> [[France 24]] spoke to soldiers including Armenian diaspora from [[France]] fighting in the Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20201027-armenian-diaspora-pitches-in-as-nagorno-karabakh-truce-crumbles|title=Armenian diaspora pitches in as Nagorno-Karabakh truce crumbles|date=27 October 2020|website=france24.com}}</ref> === Kurdish militias === {{See also|Armenian–Kurdish relations}} On 30 September 2020, Turkish sources alleged that approximately 300 [[Kurdistan Workers' Party|PKK]] militants were transported to Nagorno-Karabakh via Iran. However, these claims were not substantiated by evidence.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/turkey-iran-russia-benefit-from-azerbaijan-armenia-conflict-analysis-646951|title=Turkey, Iran, Russia benefit from Azerbaijan, Armenia conflict – analysis|date=2020-10-26|author=Seth J. Frantzman|website=jpost.com|publisher=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://eurasianet.org/question-of-syrian-mercenaries-takes-over-armenia-azerbaijan-information-war|title=Question of Syrian mercenaries takes over Armenia-Azerbaijan information war|date=2020-10-01|website=eurasianet.org|publisher=[[Eurasianet]]}}</ref> The Armenian President, Armen Sarkissian, has denied the Turkish allegations of PKK fighters being present in Armenia, describing them as "absolute nonsense".<ref>{{cite news|date=29 September 2020|title=Turkish claims of PKK fighters in Armenia absolute nonsense: Armen Sarkissian|website=alarabia.net|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/features/2020/09/30/Turkish-claims-of-PKK-fighters-in-Armenia-absolute-nonsense-Armen-Sarkissian|access-date=30 September 2020}}</ref> On 6 October 2020, the [[State Security Service (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijani State Security Service]] (SSS) claimed, citing intercepts, that Armenia had employed foreign mercenaries, including members of Kurdish militant groups whom Armenia had brought from [[Iraq]] and Syria, to fight Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/accidents-incidents-news/SSS-announces-facts-approving-fighting-of-PKK-terrorists-on-the-Armenian-side-against-Azerbaijan-332242|title=SSS announces facts, approving fighting of PKK terrorists on the Armenian side against Azerbaijan|website=apa.az|date=5 October 2020|access-date=5 October 2020|quote=The Republic of Armenia uses foreign mercenaries, including members of the Kurdish terrorist groups whom Armenia has brought from Iraq and Syria, in its aggression against Azerbaijan, Public Relations Department of the State Security Service (SSS) told APA. State Security Service of the Republic of Azerbaijan has intercepted conversations of the terrorists related to the PKK who are participating in combat activities against Azerbaijan. According to the intercepted conversations, the terrorists discuss the precarious situation on Armenia's side and numerous losses. They also talk about how the Azerbaijani side effectively uses drones and regret that they have come to the war zone being deceived by the Armenians. Here we present the above-mentioned materials.}}</ref> On the same day, Russia's [[Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia)|Foreign Intelligence Service]] alleged that there were Kurdish extremist groups, which, according to ''[[Al-Monitor]]'', are fighting on the Armenian side, while there is no direct evidence of it.<ref>{{cite web|first=Kirill|last=Semenov|url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2020/10/russia-recuit-syria-kurds-fighting-armenia-azerbaijan.html#ixzz6bcB3Sdip|title=Will Russia recruit Syrian Kurds to fight in Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict?|publisher=Al-Monitor|date=14 October 2020|access-date=22 October 2020|quote=In this context, it was beneficial for the Russian side to stress the presence of "Kurdish extremist groups", which, according to the intelligence service, came to participate in the conflict on the side of Armenia. While there is no direct evidence of this yet, the potential deployment of Kurdistan Workers Party units or affiliated organizations in the zone of the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict would be extremely sensitive for Turkey. If confirmed, instead of Ankara having eliminated the "Kurdish threat" at the southern borders of the country, a "terrorist hotbed" could be being created at Turkey's northern borders. This could be one price of Turkey's support for Azerbaijan.}}</ref> In early October, ''[[Komsomolskaya Pravda]]'' reported that there was evidence of Armenia being supported by the [[Martyr Nubar Ozanyan Brigade]] militants, part of the [[Syrian Democratic Forces]], and associated with the PKK.<ref name="KPSyria">{{Cite web |first=Mikhail |last=Ivanov |url=https://www.kp.ru/daily/217190.5/4297301/ |title=Разбор мифа: так чьи же всё-таки наёмники сражаются в Карабахе? |work=[[Komsomolskaya Pravda]] |date=2 October 2020 |access-date=8 December 2020 |language=ru }}</ref><ref name="KPSyriaen">{{Cite web |first=Igor |last=Nikiforov |url=https://news.ru/en/world/media-armenia-attracts-syrian-and-lebanese-war-veterans-to-karabakh/ |title=Media: Armenia attracts Syrian and Lebanese war veterans to Karabakh |work=News.ru |date=2 October 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |language=en }}</ref> This was denied by Armenia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.am/eng/news/608647.html|title=Armenian President: We must negotiate with Turkey as a party to the conflict, not as a mediator|date=2020-10-18 |website=news.am|publisher=News.am}}</ref> === Arms supplies === ==== Israel ==== Israel, a major trading partner and weapons supplier for Azerbaijan, was reported to had continued to ship weapons, especially drones, during the war.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-09-30|title=Israel sending weapons to Azerbaijan as fight with Armenia rages on: Sources|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/world/2020/10/01/Israel-sending-weapons-to-Azerbaijan-as-fight-with-Armenia-rages-on-Sources|access-date=2020-10-07|publisher=Al Arabiya English|archive-date=2020-10-03|archive-url=https://archive.today/20201003120240/https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/world/2020/10/01/Israel-sending-weapons-to-Azerbaijan-as-fight-with-Armenia-rages-on-Sources|url-status=live}}</ref> Nikol Pashinyan heavily criticized Israel for selling arms to Azerbaijan and its allies saying that they are working with "mercenaries and terrorists", who were "targeting peaceful population".<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/armenian-pm-to-post-israel-joins-forces-with-the-devil-647790?fbclid=IwAR0xp4eFD3InNMqKPeGZyrZ3PxBn2VmafimourA4N_l-WN8EzMS9rJ_xJis|title=Armenian PM to Post: Israel joins forces with the devil|website=jpost.com|publisher=the Jerusalem Post|date=2020-11-03}}</ref><ref name="Israel1">{{cite web|url=https://hyepress.com/2020/11/03/pashinyan-to-israel-you-lined-yourselves-up-with-turkey-terrorists-and-syrian-mercenaries/?fbclid=IwAR3ERqKFQzhyvoP64rIyA6ZwcbLoN1F_bH5C1y2cq9sXTti3FtMhG0Vic8U|title=Pashinyan To Israel: You've Aligned With Turkey, Terrorists And Syrian Mercenaries|date=2020-11-03|website=hyepress.com|publisher=Hye Press|quote=Israel has armed Azerbaijan with advanced military including killer drones and illegal cluster bombs outlawed by the UN. Pashinyan says Israel is arming Azerbaijan who is carrying out a second Armenian Genocide – this time in Karabakh.}}</ref> ==== Russia, Iran and Georgia ==== During the conflict, Azerbaijani and Iranian media reported that Russian weaponry and military hardware were being transported to Armenia via Iran.<ref name="bneIranArmeniaarmsshipment">{{cite news |url=https://www.intellinews.com/iran-denies-allowing-passage-of-weapons-into-armenia-after-video-emerges-on-social-media-192945/|title=Iran denies allowing passage of weapons into Armenia after video emerges on social media|website=intellinews.com|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> On 29 September 2020, the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iran)|Iranian Foreign Ministry]] denied these reports.<ref name="Irandeniesarmstrade1">{{cite web|url=https://en.mfa.gov.ir/portal/NewsView/612094|title=Spokesman Denies Claim That Arms Transferred via Iran to Armenia|website=mfa.gov.ir|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930142643/https://en.mfa.gov.ir/portal/NewsView/612094|url-status=live}}</ref> The next day, Azerbaijani government-affiliated media outlets shared footage reportedly showing the materiel being transported.<ref name="AzerbaijanclaimsIRARMarmstrade1">{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Video-footages-spread-regarding-weapons-and-military-equipment-transport-from-Iran-to-Armenia-colorredNEW-FACTScolor-colorredVIDEOcolor-331624|title=Video footages spread regarding weapons and military equipment transport from Iran to Armenia|website=apa.az|date=30 September 2020 |access-date=30 September 2020|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930142803/https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Video-footages-spread-regarding-weapons-and-military-equipment-transport-from-Iran-to-Armenia-colorredNEW-FACTScolor-colorredVIDEOcolor-331624|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="AzerbaijanclaimsIRARMarmstrade2">{{cite news |url=https://www.azernews.az/karabakh/169670.html|title=Military supplies for Armenia being shipped through Iran|website=azernews.az|publisher=AzerNews|date=30 September 2020|access-date=30 September 2020 |archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930142908/https://www.azernews.az/karabakh/169670.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3307948.html|title=Military supplies for Armenia being shipped through Iran|website=trend.az|publisher=Trend News Agency|date=30 September 2020|access-date=30 September 2020|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930143038/https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3307948.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Azerbaijani MP [[Sabir Rustamkhanli]] alleged that Iran was engaged in transporting weapons from various countries to Armenia.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://report.az/milli-meclis/mm-kubada-sefirlik-tesis-olunmasi-layihesini-qebul-etdi/|title=Deputat: "İran müxtəlif ölkələrdən gələn silah-sursatı Ermənistana daşımaqla məşğuldur"|website=report.az|publisher=Report Information Agency|date=30 September 2020|access-date=30 September 2020 |language=az|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930143135/https://report.az/milli-meclis/mm-kubada-sefirlik-tesis-olunmasi-layihesini-qebul-etdi/|url-status=live}}</ref> Subsequently, in the Azerbaijani Parliament, Rustamkhanli suggested opening an Azerbaijani embassy in Israel.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apa.az/en/foreign-news/Opening-Azerbaijani-Embassy-to-Israel-suggested-in-Azerbaijani-Parliament-331631|title=Opening Azerbaijani Embassy to Israel suggested in Azerbaijani Parliament|website=apa.az|date=30 September 2020|access-date=30 September 2020|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930121234/https://apa.az/en/foreign-news/Opening-Azerbaijani-Embassy-to-Israel-suggested-in-Azerbaijani-Parliament-331631|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Presidential Administration of Iran|Chief of Staff of the President of Iran]], in a phone call with the [[Prime Minister of Azerbaijan|Deputy Prime Minister of Azerbaijan]], denied the reports and stated that they were aimed at disrupting both countries' [[Azerbaijan–Iran relations|relations]].<ref name="Irandeniesarmstrade2">{{cite news |url=https://www.iribnews.ir/fa/news/2841669/%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1-%DA%A9%D9%85%DA%A9-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7-%D8%A8%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA|title=شایعات مبنی بر کمک ایران به ارمنستان کاملا بی اساس است|website=iribnews.ir |publisher=Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting|date=30 September 2020|access-date=30 September 2020|language=fa|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930143337/https://www.iribnews.ir/fa/news/2841669/%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1-%DA%A9%D9%85%DA%A9-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7-%D8%A8%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA|url-status=live}}</ref> Iranian state-affiliated media stated that trucks depicted in the footage consisted of shipments of [[Kamaz]] trucks that the Armenian government had previously purchased from Russia.<ref name="Irandeniesarmstrade4">{{cite news|url=https://www.iribnews.ir/fa/news/2841827/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AE%D8%A7%DA%A9-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86|title=انتقال کامیونهای روسی از خاک ایران!|website=iribnews.ir|publisher=Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting|date=29 September 2020|access-date=30 September 2020|language=fa|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930143710/https://www.iribnews.ir/fa/news/2841827/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AE%D8%A7%DA%A9-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86|url-status=live}}</ref> Azerbaijan's president initially stated that [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] had not allowed the transportation of weapons through its territory and thanked Georgia, as a partner and friend.<ref>{{cite news |title=Azerbaijani president Aliyev: Georgia has prevented transit for arms supply for Armenia|url=https://agenda.ge/en/news/2020/2914|publisher=agenda.ge|date=September 2020}}</ref> However, in a subsequent interview, he alleged that Armenia was misusing one of its [[Ilyushin Il-76|Il-76]] cargo planes for civil flights, to secretly transport fighters and [[9M133 Kornet|Kornet anti-tank missiles]] from Russia through Georgian airspace into Armenia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Алиев: Иран и Грузия закрыли воздушное пространство и наземные дороги для доставки оружия в Армению|url=https://report.az/ru/nagorno-karabakhskiy-konflikt/aliev-iran-i-gruziya-zakryli-vozdushnoe-prostranstvo-i-nazemnye-dorogi-dlya-dostavki-oruzhiya-v-armeniyu/|access-date=2020-10-28|website=Информационное Агентство Репорт|language=ru}}</ref> Georgia responded by stating that its airspace was closed to all military and military cargo flights but not for civil and humanitarian ones.<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-10-17|title=Karabakh: Georgia Says Not Responsible for Civilian Flights|url=https://civil.ge/archives/375897|access-date=2020-10-28|website=civil.ge}}</ref> ==== Serbia ==== Azerbaijan has stated that Armenia is employing Serbian weapons, alleged to have been transported via Georgia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Serbia is Playing With Fire, Delivering Arms to Armenia {{!}} Balkan Insight|url=https://balkaninsight.com/2020/10/02/serbia-is-playing-with-fire-delivering-arms-to-armenia/|access-date=2020-10-07|website=balkaninsight.com|archive-date=2020-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006182614/https://balkaninsight.com/2020/10/02/serbia-is-playing-with-fire-delivering-arms-to-armenia/|url-status=live}}</ref> In response, the [[President of Serbia]], [[Aleksandar Vučić]], stated that Serbia considers both Armenia and Azerbaijan to be friends and "brotherly nations", insisting that Serbian weapons were not being used in Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://globalvoices.org/2020/10/08/serbian-government-first-flaunts-then-denies-having-sold-weapons-to-both-armenia-and-azerbaijan/|title=Serbian government first flaunts, then denies having sold weapons to both Armenia and Azerbaijan|date=8 October 2020|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009221751/https://globalvoices.org/2020/10/08/serbian-government-first-flaunts-then-denies-having-sold-weapons-to-both-armenia-and-azerbaijan/|url-status=live}}</ref> == International reactions == === OSCE Minsk Group === On 2 October 2020, the [[OSCE Minsk Group]], responsible for mediating the [[peace process]] in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict since 1992, condemned the fighting and called on those involved in the conflict to respect their [[Geneva Conventions|obligations to protect civilians]]. The Minsk Group stated that participation by "external parties" was working against the peace process. The group called for an immediate ceasefire, and "substantive negotiations, in good faith and without preconditions".<ref name="MinskGroup_2Oct2020"/> === Supranational and regional organizations === [[File:Ilham Aliyev received Baghdad Amreyev, Mustafa Rifat Adham Ikramov, and Marat Sharshekeev1.jpg|thumb|right|Secretary-General of the [[Turkic Council]], Baghdad Amreyev, in [[Baku]] on 2 November 2020.]] [[President of the European Council]] [[Charles Michel]] called for a bilateral cessation of hostilities, as did the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]] (OSCE)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gumrukcu|first1=Tuvan|last2=Tétrault-Farber|first2=Gabrielle|last3=Soldatkin|first3=Vladimir|editor1-last=Heritage|editor1-first=Timothy|editor2-last=Evans|editor2-first=David|editor3-last=Wallis |editor3-first=Daniel|title=Armenia–Azerbaijan clashes kill at least 16, undermine regional stability|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan/armenia-azerbaijan-clashes-kill-at-least-16-undermine-regional-stability-idUSKBN26I06E?il=0|access-date=27 September 2020|work=Reuters|date=27 September 2020|archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928175742/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan/armenia-azerbaijan-clashes-kill-at-least-16-undermine-regional-stability-idUSKBN26I06E?il=0|url-status=live }}</ref> on 1 October and 5 October 2020, and [[Secretary-General of the United Nations]] [[António Guterres]] followed by the [[United Nations Security Council]] (UNSC). Following a closed council meeting, the Security Council issued a statement. It condemned the use of force and reiterated the Secretary-General's call to immediately cease fighting, deescalate tensions and return to meaningful negotiations. It further expressed concern at "large scale military actions", regret at the death toll and impact on civilian populations, and complete support for the "central role" of the OSCE, urging both sides to cooperate towards an urgent return of dialogue without setting preconditions.<ref name="f24_300920" /> On 18 October 2020, the UN Secretary-General again called on Armenia and Azerbaijan to respect the humanitarian truce and condemned attacks on civilians.<ref>{{cite web|last=Melimopoulos|first=Arwa Ibrahim,Elizabeth|title=UN chief urges Nagorno-Karabakh rivals to respect truce |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/18/armenia-accuses-azerbaijan-of-violating-truce-in-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=2020-10-19|website=aljazeera.com}}</ref> Similarly, Secretary General of [[NATO]], [[Jens Stoltenberg]], expressed deep concern for the escalation of hostilities and called for the sides to immediately halt fighting and progress towards a peaceful resolution, urging NATO-member Turkey to use its influence to that end.<ref name="UPI">{{cite news|title=NATO to continue to support Turkey, Secretary-General says|url=https://www.upi.com/Defense-News/2020/10/05/NATO-to-continue-to-support-Turkey-Secretary-General-says/1431601916532/|publisher=United Press International|date=5 October 2020}}</ref><ref name=":20">{{cite web|title=NATO chief tells Turkey to help calm Karabakh conflict |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/1996983/nato-chief-tells-turkey-to-help-calm-karabakh-conflict|access-date=2020-10-09|website=Bangkok Post|publisher=Reuters}}</ref> Stoltenberg expressed NATO's neutrality and said that both "Armenia and Azerbaijan have been valued NATO partners for more than 25 years".<ref>{{cite news|title=Armenian president accuses Turkey in visit to NATO |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/international/world-news-politics/armenian-president-accuses-turkey-in-visit-to-nato-905323.html|publisher=Deccan Herald|date=21 October 2020}}</ref> NATO and the [[European Union]] (EU) have refused to publicly criticize Turkey's involvement in the conflict.<ref name="UPI"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Nato and EU silent on Turkey, despite Armenia's appeal |url=https://euobserver.com/foreign/149833|publisher=EUobserver|date=23 October 2020}}</ref> Secretary General of the [[Organization of American States]] [[Luis Almagro]] demanded that Azerbaijan cease hostilities,<ref>{{cite web|last=OAS|date=2020-09-27|title=OAS – Organization of American States: Democracy for peace, security, and development|url=https://www.oas.org/en/media_center/press_release.asp?sCodigo=E-098/20|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001013846/https://www.oas.org/en/media_center/press_release.asp?sCodigo=E-098%2F20|archive-date=2020-10-01|access-date=2020-09-28|publisher=OAS – Organization of American States}}</ref> whereas the [[Turkic Council]] demanded an unconditional withdrawal of Armenia from the occupied territories of Azerbaijan,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.turkkon.org/en/haberler/statement-of-the-secretary-general-of-the-turkic-council_2075|title=Statement of the Secretary General of the Turkic Council|website=turkkon.org|publisher=Turkic Council|date=28 September 2020|access-date=28 September 2020 |archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928175702/https://www.turkkon.org/en/haberler/statement-of-the-secretary-general-of-the-turkic-council_2075|url-status=dead}}</ref> and adding that [[Turkic world]] have stood by "brotherly Azerbaijan".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://menafn.com/1101060499/We-as-the-Turkic-Council-and-the-Turkic-world-have-stood-by-brotherly-Azerbaijan-Turkic-Council-SecGe|title=We, as the Turkic Council and the Turkic world, have stood by brotherly Azerbaijan – Turkic Council SecGen|date=3 November 2020}}</ref> The [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] initially condemned Armenian "provocations"<ref>{{cite web|title=OIC Condemns Repeated Provocations and Aggresion by Armenian Military Forces against Azerbaijan|url=https://www.oic-oci.org/topic/?t_id=23879&ref=14184&lan=en|website=Organisation of Islamic Cooperation}}</ref> and subsequently expressed concern regarding Armenia's violations of the 10 October 2020 humanitarian ceasefire and conditional solidarity with the Republic of Azerbaijan, highlighting the OIC stance and that of the UNSC and urging a political solution to the conflict, and affirming respect for Azerbaijan's sovereignty, territorial integrity, and internationally recognized borders.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cooperation|first=Organization of Islamic|date=2020-10-14|title=OIC Reaffirms its Solidarity with the Republic of Azerbaijan |url=https://www.oic-oci.org/topic/ampg.asp?t_id=24820&t_ref=15170&lan=en|access-date=2020-10-18|publisher=OIC Reaffirms its Solidarity with the Republic of Azerbaijan}}</ref> On 19 October 2020, at the request of Russia, the United States, and France, the [[United Nations Security Council]] held closed consultations on the situation in Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.interfax.ru/world/732210|title=СБ ООН обсудил меры по контролю за соблюдением перемирия в Карабахе|date=2020-10-20|access-date=2020-10-28}}</ref> After discussions, a draft declaration was prepared on behalf of the [[Presidency of the United Nations Security Council|President of the Security Council]]. The draft declaration did not contain a reference to the [[List of United Nations Security Council resolutions on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|previous UN Security Council resolutions]] regarding the topic. According to Hikmat Hajiyev, this project was mainly prepared by Russia and France.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.is/https://report.az/en/nagorno-karabakh-conflict/hikmat-hajiyev-comments-on-discussions-in-un-security-council-on-armenian-azerbaijani-conflict/|title=Members of Non-Aligned Movement refuse to adopt document against Azerbaijan|date=2020-10-23|access-date=2020-10-29}}</ref> However, non-permanent members of the Security Council, who are the members of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]] at the same time, twice violated the silence procedure, insisting on the inclusion in the statement of a reference to the UN Security Council resolutions. Following the persistent and principled position of the member states of the Non-Aligned Movement, the draft statement in question was formally withdrawn. President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev, who is also the Chairman of Non-Aligned Movement <ref>https://en.president.az/articles/40878</ref> thanked those states including [[Indonesia]], [[Niger]], [[Tunisia]], [[Vietnam]], [[South Africa]], [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]], and the [[Dominican Republic]] for their fair position, announcing that he will continue to defend the interests of the member states, international law, and justice in the UN and other international organizations.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://azertag.az/ru/xeber/Pomoshchnik_Prezidenta_Xikmet_Gadzhiev_prokommentiroval_obsuzhdeniya_v_Sovete_Bezopasnosti_OON_po_armyano_azerbaidzhanskomu_konfliktu-1622313|title=Помощник Президента Хикмет Гаджиев прокомментировал обсуждения в Совете Безопасности ООН по армяно-азербайджанскому конфликту|date=2020-10-23|access-date=2020-10-28|website=apa.az}}</ref> === Countries === ==== Russia ==== Being a co-chair of [[OSCE Minsk Group]], Russia's main role in this conflict is that of a mediator. On 2 October 2020, along with the other two co-chairs of the Group, France and the U.S., it called for immediate cessation of hostilities in Nagorno-Karabakh, and asked both sides to continue negotiations without preconditions.<ref>{{cite web|title=France, Russia and US call for immediate truce in Nagorno-Karabakh|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20201002-france-russia-and-us-call-for-immediate-truce-in-nagorno-karabakh|publisher=France 24|date=2 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> On 6 October 2020, the Russian Foreign Minister [[Sergei Lavrov]] and his Iranian counterpart [[Mohammad Javad Zarif]] expressed concern about the involvement of Syrian and Libyan fighters in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, with the possible support of Turkey.<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia ready for "mutual concessions" with Azerbaijan|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/6/assad-calls-erdogan-the-main-instigator-in-in-nagorno-karabakh|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=6 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Russia, Iran concerned about Syrian and Libyan fighters in Nagorno-Karabakh – Moscow |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/armenia-azerbaijan-russia-iran/russia-iran-concerned-about-syrian-and-libyan-fighters-in-nagorno-karabakh-moscow-idINKBN26N2TQ|publisher=Reuters|date=2 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> Both Russia and Armenia are part of a mutual defence pact. However, on 8 October 2020, President [[Vladimir Putin]] expressed that the fighting is not happening on the territory of Armenia and therefore Russia would not intervene in the current conflict.<ref>{{cite web|title=Putin Says Fighting Is Not Taking Place In Territory Of Armenia|url=https://caspiannews.com/news-detail/putin-says-fighting-is-not-taking-place-in-territory-of-armenia-2020-10-8-0/|publisher=Caspian News|date=8 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> He also affirmed Russia's good relations with both Armenia and Azerbaijan. On 9 October 2020, Lavrov mediated a ceasefire after 10 hours of talks between Armenian and Azerbaijani Foreign Ministers in Moscow. The ceasefire was quickly broken.<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia and Azerbaijan accuse each other of violating Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire|url=https://ca.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-diplomacy-idCAKBN26V005|publisher=Reuters|date=10 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> On 22 October 2020, Putin indicated that the root of the conflict lines in interethnic clashes between Armenians and Azerbaijanis in the 1980s, and specifically referred to the [[Sumgait pogrom|massacre of Armenians in Sumgait]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Путин заявил о почти пяти тысячах погибших в Карабахе|url=https://ria.ru/20201023/putin-1581111641.html|publisher=Ria|date=23 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Putin: Karabakh conflict started with brutal crimes against Armenian people|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/22/putin-karabakh-conflict-started-with-brutal-crimes-against-armenian-people/|publisher=Public Radio of Armenia|date=22 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> ==== United States ==== On 27 September 2020, United States president [[Donald Trump]] said his administration was "looking at [the conflict] very strongly" and that it was seeing whether it could stop it.<ref name="DJTReuters">{{cite web|date=28 September 2020|title=Trump says U.S. will seek to stop violence between Armenia, Azerbaijan|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-trump-idUSKBN26I124|website=reuters.com |publisher=Reuters}}</ref> Presidential candidate and former Vice President [[Joe Biden]] demanded that Turkey "stay out" of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.<ref name="KellyNagornoKarabakh">Laura Kelly, [https://thehill.com/policy/international/518794-biden-says-turkey-must-stay-out-of-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict Biden says Turkey must stay out of Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004092433/https://thehill.com/policy/international/518794-biden-says-turkey-must-stay-out-of-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict|date=2020-10-04}} ''The Hill'' 29 September 2020</ref> In a letter to [[United States Secretary of State|U.S. Secretary of State]] [[Mike Pompeo]], Senate Foreign Relations Committee ranking member [[Bob Menendez]], Senate Minority Leader [[Chuck Schumer]], and several other lawmakers called for the Trump administration to immediately suspend [[United States military aid|U.S. military aid]] [[Azerbaijan–United States relations|to Azerbaijan]],<ref>{{cite news|date=2 October 2020|title=Senate and House Leaders to Secretary of State Pompeo: Cut Military Aid to Azerbaijan; Sanction Turkey for Ongoing Attacks Against Armenia and Artsakh|publisher=The Armenian Weekly|url=https://armenianweekly.com/2020/10/02/senate-and-house-leaders-to-secretary-of-state-pompeo-cut-military-aid-to-azerbaijan-sanction-turkey-for-ongoing-attacks-against-armenia-and-artsakh/ |url-status=live|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005130156/https://armenianweekly.com/2020/10/02/senate-and-house-leaders-to-secretary-of-state-pompeo-cut-military-aid-to-azerbaijan-sanction-turkey-for-ongoing-attacks-against-armenia-and-artsakh/|archive-date=5 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="defensenews">{{cite news|date=6 October 2020|title=Democrats urge halt to security aid to Azerbaijan in Armenia conflict|publisher=Defense News|url=https://www.defensenews.com/congress/2020/10/06/democrats-urge-halt-to-security-aid-to-azerbaijan-in-armenia-conflict/|url-status=live|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010113902/https://www.defensenews.com/congress/2020/10/06/democrats-urge-halt-to-security-aid-to-azerbaijan-in-armenia-conflict/|archive-date=10 October 2020}}</ref> sent through [[The Pentagon|Pentagon]]'s "building partner assistance program".<ref name="defensenews"/><ref>{{cite news|date=17 July 2019|title=US Allocates US$100 million in Security Aid to Azerbaijan in 2018–19|publisher=USC Institute of Armenian Studies|url=https://armenian.usc.edu/us-allocates-100-million-in-security-aid-to-azerbaijan/|url-status=live|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008151829/https://armenian.usc.edu/us-allocates-100-million-in-security-aid-to-azerbaijan/|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref> [[Eliot Engel]], chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, called the influence of third party actors like Turkey "troubling".<ref>{{cite news|date=September 29, 2020|title=Democrats warn Turkey over involvement in Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict |work=The Hill|url=https://thehill.com/policy/international/518737-democrats-warn-turkey-over-involvement-in-azerbaijan-armenia-conflict|url-status=live|access-date=October 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004085716/https://thehill.com/policy/international/518737-democrats-warn-turkey-over-involvement-in-azerbaijan-armenia-conflict|archive-date=October 4, 2020}}</ref> On 15 October 2020, Pompeo urged both sides to respect the humanitarian ceasefire and stated, "We now have the Turks, who have stepped in and provided resources to Azerbaijan, increasing the risk, increasing the firepower that's taking place in this historic fight... The resolution of that conflict ought to be done through negotiation and peaceful discussions, not through armed conflict, and certainly not with third party countries coming in to lend their firepower to what is already a powder keg of a situation".<ref name="statepompeointerview">{{cite web|date=15 October 2020|title=Secretary Michael R. Pompeo With Erick Erickson of The Erick Erickson Show on WSB Atlanta|url=https://www.state.gov/secretary-michael-r-pompeo-with-erick-erickson-of-the-erick-erickson-show-on-wsb-atlanta/|access-date=16 October 2020 |website=state.gov|publisher=The United States Department of State}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> A number of U.S. congressmen were more vocal in their criticism of the Azerbaijani side. On 22 October 2020, Representative [[Frank Pallone]] said he would introduce a bipartisan resolution with the backing of several dozen colleagues that "support[s] the Republic of Artsakh, recognizing its right to self-determination, and condemning Azerbaijan and Turkey for aggression".<ref>[https://pallone.house.gov/media/press-releases/pallone-introduce-bipartisan-resolution-supporting-artsakh-s-right-self-0 Pallone to Introduce Bipartisan Resolution Supporting Artsakh's Right to Self-Determination] 22 October 2020</ref> At least one congressman, [[Brad Sherman]], called for the imposition of sanctions against Azerbaijan through the [[Magnitsky Act]].<ref>{{cite web|date=10 October 2020|title=Rep. Brad Sherman calls for applying Global Magnitsky sanctions on Azeri officials|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1031116.html|access-date=26 October 2020|publisher=Armenpress}}</ref> On 23 October 2020, President Trump stated that "good progress" was being made on reaching an agreement in the conflict, saying: "We are talking about this; we are talking with Armenia. We have very good relations with Armenia. They're great people and we're going to help them".<ref>{{cite web|date=23 October 2020|title=Armenians are great people and we're going to help them – Donald Trump |url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/23/armenians-are-great-people-and-were-going-to-help-them-donald-trump/|access-date=26 October 2020|publisher=Public Radio of Armenia}}</ref> On 25 October 2020, U.S. National Security Advisor [[Robert C. O'Brien]] announced that Armenia has accepted a ceasefire, Azerbaijan has not yet but they are "pushing them to do so".<ref>{{cite web|date=25 October 2020|title=Armenia has accepted a ceasefire, Azerbaijan has not – Robert O'Brien|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/25/armenia-has-accepted-a-ceasefire-azerbaijan-has-not-robert-obrien/|access-date=26 October 2020 |publisher=Public Rdio of Armenia}}</ref> Later that day it was announced that both sides had agreed with a humanitarian ceasefire from the next day morning.<ref>{{cite web|date=25 October 2020 |title=Humanitarian ceasefire in Nagorno Karabakh to be effective at 08:00 on 26 October 2020|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/25/ceasefire-in-nagorno-karabakh-to-be-effective-0800-a-m-on-october-26-2020/ |access-date=26 October 2020|publisher=Public Radio of Armenia}}</ref> The [[Embassy of Armenia, Washington, D.C.|Armenian ambassador to the United States]], [[Varuzhan Nersesyan]], had invited [[United States]] intervention in the conflict, as had his [[Embassy of Azerbaijan, Washington, D.C.|Azerbaijani counterpart]] [[Elin Suleymanov]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Exclusive: Armenia, Azerbaijan Speak Out, Here's What They Want from U.S.|url=https://www.newsweek.com/exclusive-armenia-azerbaijan-speak-out-want-us-1535699|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002013430/https://www.newsweek.com/exclusive-armenia-azerbaijan-speak-out-want-us-1535699|archive-date=2 October 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|website=newsweek.com|publisher=Newsweek}}</ref> ==== Turkey ==== [[File:Ilham Aliyev received delegation led by Turkish Foreign Minister.jpg|thumb|right|Azerbaijani President [[Ilham Aliyev]] and the Turkish Foreign Minister [[Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu]] on 6 October 2020.]] The government of [[Turkey]] expressed support for Azerbaijan. Turkey blamed Armenia for violating the ceasefire<ref name="aj_270920">{{cite web|title=Armenia-Azerbaijan clashes: How the world reacted|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/9/27/armenia-azerbaijan-clashes-world-reactions|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927124156/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/9/27/armenia-azerbaijan-clashes-world-reactions|archive-date=27 September 2020|access-date=27 September 2020 |website=aljazeera.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Armenia and Azerbaijan erupt into fighting over disputed Nagorno-Karabakh|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54314341|url-status=live|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928055530/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54314341|archive-date=28 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Pakistan expresses "deep concern", assures support to Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|publisher=The News International|location=Karachi |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/721049-pakistan-expresses-concerns-over-nagorno-karabakh-conflict-assures-support-to-azerbaijan|url-status=live|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928092958/https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/721049-pakistan-expresses-concerns-over-nagorno-karabakh-conflict-assures-support-to-azerbaijan|archive-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> and Turkish President Erdogan initially urged Azerbaijan to persist with its campaign until it had retaken all territory lost in the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.<ref name=":20"/> Erdogan criticized the failed activities of the OSCE Minsk Group in the last 25 years as "stalling tactics" preventing a diplomatic solution.<ref name="reuters14oct">{{cite news|title=Turkey's Erdogan says Minsk group stalling on Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-turkey-erdogan-idUSKBN26Z1P8|access-date=21 October 2020|publisher=Reuters|date=14 October 2020}}</ref> Further, Turkey issued a statement on 1 October 2020 dismissing the joint demands from France, Russia, and the United States calling for a ceasefire.<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenia-Azerbaijan: Both sides defy Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire calls|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54366616|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001030106/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54366616|archive-date=1 October 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|website=bbc.com|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref name="Reuters OSCE">{{cite web|last1=Bagirova|first1=Nailia|last2=Hovhannisyan|first2=Nvard|title=Turkey rebuffs Russia, France and U.S. over Nagono-Karabakh ceasefire moves|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan/turkey-rebuffs-russia-france-and-u-s-over-nagono-karabakh-ceasefire-moves-idUSKBN26M5IJ|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001202829/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan/turkey-rebuffs-russia-france-and-u-s-over-nagono-karabakh-ceasefire-moves-idUSKBN26M5IJ|archive-date=1 October 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|website=reuters.com|publisher=Reuters}}</ref> [[Northern Cyprus]], a self-declared state [[List of states with limited recognition|recognized only by Turkey]], expressed support for Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web|date=29 September 2020|title=Turkish Cypriot side sends messages of support to Azerbaijan|url=https://cyprus-mail.com/2020/09/29/turkish-cypriot-side-sends-messages-of-support-to-azerbaijan|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010113903/https://cyprus-mail.com/2020/09/29/turkish-cypriot-side-sends-messages-of-support-to-azerbaijan|archive-date=10 October 2020|access-date=10 October 2020}}</ref> Turkey accused [[Canada]] of a "double standard" in freezing military exports to Turkey but not [[Saudi Arabia]], which is involved in [[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen|military intervention in Yemen]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Turks accuse Canada of "double standard" in freezing military exports to Turkey but not Saudi Arabia|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-turks-accuse-canada-of-double-standard-in-freezing-military-exports/|publisher=The Globe and Mail|date=6 October 2020}}</ref> ==== Others ==== [[File:Ilham Aliyev received delegation led by Special Envoy of Iranian President1.jpg|thumb|right|[[President of Iran|Iranian Presidential Envoy]] led by [[Abbas Araghchi]] in [[Baku]] on 28 October 2020.]] Syrian President [[Bashar al-Assad]] blamed Turkey for the conflict,<ref name="assad"/> while Greek foreign minister [[Nikos Dendias]], on a visit to Yerevan on 16 October 2020, said that it was critical to end foreign interference, warning that Turkey's intervention was raising serious international concerns.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Statement by Minister of Foreign Affairs, N. Dendias, following his meeting with the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Armenia, Zohrab Mnatsakanyan (Yerevan, 16 October 2020)|url=https://www.mfa.gr/en/current-affairs/top-story/statement-by-minister-of-foreign-affairs-dendias-following-his-meeting-with-the-minister-of-foreign-affairs-of-armenia-zohrab-mnatsakanyan-yerevan-16102020.html|access-date=16 October 2020|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Hellenic Republic|date=16 October 2020 }}</ref> Israeli President [[Reuven Rivlin]] expressed sorrow at the resumption of violence and loss of life, stating that Israel's long-standing cooperation and relations with Azerbaijan was not for offensive purposes, adding that Israel was interested in promoting relations with Armenia and was prepared to offer humanitarian aid.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rivlin speaks with Armenian president, hopes ambassador will return soon|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/rivlin-speaks-with-armenian-president-hopes-ambassador-will-return-soon-644575|access-date=2020-10-05|website=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> However, Nikol Pashinyan heavily criticized Israel for selling arms to Azerbaijan and its allies saying that they are working with "mercenaries and terrorists", who are targeting a peaceful population.<ref name="auto2"/><ref name="Israel1"/> Armenia recalled its ambassador to Israel for consultations. Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan also rejected the [[humanitarian aid]] proposed by Israel and stated that the country should send that aid to the "terrorists".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/armenian-pm-to-post-israel-joins-forces-with-the-devil-6477904|title=Armenian PM to Post: Israel joins forces with the devil|date=2020-11-03|website=jpost.com|publisher=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|quote=Humanitarian aid by a country that is selling weapons to mercenaries, which they are using to strike a civilian peaceful population? I propose that Israel send that aid to the mercenaries and to the terrorists as the logical continuation of its activities.}}</ref> [[Israel]]i Defence Minister [[Benny Gantz]] accused Turkey of disrupting peace efforts in the region and called for international pressure on Turkey to dissuade "direct terrorism".<ref name="news24">{{Cite web|date=2020-10-06|title=Azerbaijan–Armenia war: Saudi Arabia calls for boycott of Turkish goods, Israel urges NATO action against Turkey|url=https://news24online.com/news/world/azerbaijan-armenia-war-saudi-arabia-calls-boycott-turkish-goods-israel-urges-nato-action-against-turkey-2248ea3f|access-date=2020-10-07|website=News24 English}}</ref> Israel declined to comment on the possibility of halting support for Azerbaijan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Israel may halt its weapons sale to Azerbaijan, Armenian ambassador says|url=https://www.jpost.com/international/israel-may-halt-its-weapons-sale-to-azerbaijan-armenian-ambassador-says-644602|access-date=2020-10-07|website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com}}</ref> [[Hungary]] stated it backed Azerbaijan's territorial integrity, adding it supports the reduction of tensions in the escalating conflict and a negotiated OSCE Minsk Group solution.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hungarytoday.hu/hungary-nagorno-karabakh-conflict-eu-summit-azerbaijan/|title=Hungarian Gov't Stands by Azerbaijan in Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict|first=Fanni|last=Kaszás|newspaper=Hungary Today|date=1 October 2020|access-date=2 October 2020|archive-date=5 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005043618/https://hungarytoday.hu/hungary-nagorno-karabakh-conflict-eu-summit-azerbaijan/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://index.hu/kulfold/2020/10/01/azeri/|title=Magyarország kiáll Azerbajdzsán mellett a hegyi-karabahi konfliktusban|first=Viktor|last=Buzna|newspaper=[[Index (Hungarian website)|Index]]|date=1 October 2020|access-date=2 October 2020|language=hu}}</ref> [[Ukraine]] stated that it supports Azerbaijan's territorial integrity, would not provide military assistance to either state,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3110781-avakov-ukraine-wont-provide-military-assistance-to-armeniaazerbaijan-conflict-parties.html|title=Avakov: Ukraine won't provide military assistance to Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict parties|newspaper=Ukrinform|date=2 October 2020|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-date=5 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005050512/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3110781-avakov-ukraine-wont-provide-military-assistance-to-armeniaazerbaijan-conflict-parties.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/ukraine-supports-azerbaijans-territorial-integrity/1993930|title=Ukraine supports Azerbaijan's territorial integrity|first=Tahla|last=Yavuz|newspaper=[[Anadolu Agency]]|date=2 October 2020|access-date=2 October 2020|archive-date=5 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005122528/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/ukraine-supports-azerbaijans-territorial-integrity/1993930|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3109423-ukraine-at-osce-calls-for-peaceful-settlement-of-nagornokarabakh-conflict.html|title=Ukraine at OSCE calls for peaceful settlement of Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|newspaper=[[Ukrinform]]|date=30 September 2020|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-date=3 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003013149/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3109423-ukraine-at-osce-calls-for-peaceful-settlement-of-nagornokarabakh-conflict.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and wanted to avoid an ethnic conflict between its own [[Armenians in Ukraine|Armenian]] and [[Azerbaijanis in Ukraine|Azerbaijani]] communities.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.unian.info/politics/nagorno-karabakh-kuleba-calls-on-officials-to-make-balanced-comments-11168372.html|title=Kuleba calls on officials to make balanced comments on Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict|newspaper=[[Ukrainian Independent Information Agency]]|date=2 October 2020|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-date=5 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005060429/https://www.unian.info/politics/nagorno-karabakh-kuleba-calls-on-officials-to-make-balanced-comments-11168372.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Pakistan]] supported Azerbaijan's position, stating that peace between both parties depended on the implementation of [[List of United Nations Security Council resolutions on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|UN Security Council resolutions concerning the conflict]] and a withdrawal of Armenian forces from Azerbaijani-claimed territories.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2268909/pm-pays-tribute-to-azeri-forces-valiantly-defending-their-territorial-integrity|title=PM pays tribute to Azeri forces 'valiantly defending their territorial integrity'|work=The Express Tribune|date=18 October 2020|access-date=1 December 2020}}</ref> [[Iran]] stated that no military solution to the conflict existed and expressed support for Azerbaijan's territorial integrity, emphasizing the need for a ceasefire and political dialogue and expressing concern over the conflict.<ref name="spokesman" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/453300/Tehran-urges-Armenia-to-respect-Azerbaijan-s-territorial-integrity|title=Tehran urges Armenia to respect Azerbaijan's territorial integrity|date=6 October 2020|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010113905/https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/453300/Tehran-urges-Armenia-to-respect-Azerbaijan-s-territorial-integrity|url-status=live}}</ref> While the [[supreme leader]] [[Ali Khamenei]] told that Azerbaijan is "entitled to liberate its occupied territories", and that the security of Armenian minority should be ensured.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/165482/Iran-s-policies-not-to-change-with-change-of-US-gov|title=Iran's policies not to change with change of US gov.|date=3 November 2020}}</ref> [[Albania]] stated that it supports territorial integrity of Azerbaijan and called both sides to solve conflict with peaceful negotiations.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://albaniandailynews.com/news/president-meta-accepts-azerbaijan-ambassador-s-credentials |title=President Meta accepts Azerbaijan ambassador's credentials |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=22 October 2020 |website=albaniandailynews.com |quote=I confirmed Albania's support for the territorial integrity of Azerbaijan..}}</ref> Representatives of countries, including [[Argentina]],<ref>{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Preocupación argentina por los enfrentamientos entre Armenia y Azerbaiyán|language=es|trans-title=Argentine concern over the clashes between Armenia and Azerbaijan|work=cancilleria.gob.ar|agency=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship]]|url=https://www.cancilleria.gob.ar/es/actualidad/noticias/preocupacion-argentina-por-los-enfrentamientos-entre-armenia-y-azerbaiyan|url-status=live|access-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002033731/https://www.cancilleria.gob.ar/es/actualidad/noticias/preocupacion-argentina-por-los-enfrentamientos-entre-armenia-y-azerbaiyan|archive-date=2 October 2020}}</ref> [[Canada]],<ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=Joint statement by Canada and the United Kingdom on the Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict|work=canada.ca|agency=[[Global Affairs Canada]]|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2020/09/joint-statement-by-canada-and-the-united-kingdom-on-the-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict.html|url-status=live|access-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003214605/https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2020/09/joint-statement-by-canada-and-the-united-kingdom-on-the-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict.html|archive-date=3 October 2020}}</ref> [[Chile]],<ref>{{cite news|date=29 September 2020|title=Chile expresa su preocupación por enfrentamientos entre Armenia y Azerbaiyán|language=es|trans-title=Chile expresses concern over clashes between Armenia and Azerbaijan|work=minrel.gob.cl|agency=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Chile)]]|url=https://minrel.gob.cl/chile-expresa-su-preocupacion-por-enfrentamientos-entre-armenia-y/minrel/2020-09-29/192927.html|url-status=live|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010113831/https://minrel.gob.cl/chile-expresa-su-preocupacion-por-enfrentamientos-entre-armenia-y/minrel/2020-09-29/192927.html|archive-date=10 October 2020}}</ref> [[China]],<ref>{{Cite news|author=Reuters Staff|date=2020-09-28|title=China says hopes Armenia, Azerbaijan resolve differences via talks|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/armenia-azerbaijan-china-idUSB9N2G5048|url-status=live|access-date=2020-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003010737/https://www.reuters.com/article/armenia-azerbaijan-china-idUSB9N2G5048|archive-date=2020-10-03}}</ref> [[Croatia]],<ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=Croatia calls for ceasefire in Nagorno-Karabakh|work=[[N1 (TV channel)|N1]]|location=Zagreb|url=http://hr.n1info.com/English/NEWS/a558425/Croatia-calls-for-ceasefire-in-Nagorno-Karabakh.html|url-status=live|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008211601/http://hr.n1info.com/English/NEWS/a558425/Croatia-calls-for-ceasefire-in-Nagorno-Karabakh.html|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref> [[Estonia]],<ref>{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Estonia plans to initiate UNSC consultations on Nagorno-Karabakh|newspaper=TASS Russian News Agency|url=https://tass.com/world/1205663|url-status=live|access-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001045854/https://tass.com/world/1205663|archive-date=1 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=30 September 2020|title=Riigikogu parliamentary groups express concern for Armenia, Azerbaijan|newspaper=[[Eesti Rahvusringhääling]]|url=https://news.err.ee/1141138/riigikogu-parliamentary-groups-express-concern-for-armenia-azerbaijan|url-status=live|access-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002144352/https://news.err.ee/1141138/riigikogu-parliamentary-groups-express-concern-for-armenia-azerbaijan|archive-date=2 October 2020}}</ref> [[France]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Blamont|first1=Matthias|date=27 September 2020|title=France calls on Armenia, Azerbaijan to end hostilities|work=[[Reuters]]|editor1-last=Evans|editor1-first=Catherine|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-france/france-calls-on-armenia-azerbaijan-to-end-hostilities-idUSKBN26I0CE|url-status=live|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927122302/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-france/france-calls-on-armenia-azerbaijan-to-end-hostilities-idUSKBN26I0CE|archive-date=27 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="TASS OSCE">{{cite web|title=Putin, Macron, Trump call for talks on Nagorno-Karabakh without preconditions|url=https://tass.com/politics/1207437|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001170317/https://tass.com/politics/1207437|archive-date=1 October 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|website=TASS Russian News Agency|publisher=TASS}}</ref><ref name="FT OSCE">{{cite web|last1=Foy|first1=Henry|last2=Pitel|first2=Laura|last3=Peel|first3=Michael|title=Russia, France and US demand Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire|url=https://www.ft.com/content/3963793e-2530-41b9-a8b9-e3b3c7993f27|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004214204/https://www.ft.com/content/3963793e-2530-41b9-a8b9-e3b3c7993f27|archive-date=4 October 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|website=Financial Times|publisher=The Financial Times, Ltd.}}</ref> [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]],<ref name="Georgia">{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Georgia concerned with resumption of hostilities between Armenia, Azerbaijan|work=Agenda.ge|url=https://agenda.ge/en/news/2020/2991|url-status=dead|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929173856/https://agenda.ge/en/news/2020/2991|archive-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> [[Germany]],<ref name="aj_270920" /> [[Greece]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Simos|first1=Andriana|date=28 September 2020|title=Greece calls on Armenia-Azerbaijan to stop military operations immediately|agency=[[The Greek Herald]]|url=https://greekherald.com.au/news/world/greece-calls-on-armenia-azerbaijan-to-stop-military-operations-immediately/|url-status=live|access-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008203428/https://greekherald.com.au/news/world/greece-calls-on-armenia-azerbaijan-to-stop-military-operations-immediately/|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref> [[India]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-01|title=Armenia-Azerbaijan war rages on for fifth day, India voices concern and calls for restraint|url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/armenia-azerbaijan-war-rages-on-for-fifth-day-india-voices-concern-and-calls-for-restraint-2313878.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002064112/https://zeenews.india.com/india/armenia-azerbaijan-war-rages-on-for-fifth-day-india-voices-concern-and-calls-for-restraint-2313878.html|archive-date=2020-10-02|access-date=2020-10-02|website=Zee News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-02|title=Armenia-Azerbaijan flare-up: India asks all sides to cease hostilities|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/armenia-azerbaijan-flare-up-india-asks-all-sides-to-cease-hostilities-6664061/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004072221/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/armenia-azerbaijan-flare-up-india-asks-all-sides-to-cease-hostilities-6664061/|archive-date=2020-10-04|access-date=2020-10-02|website=The Indian Express}}</ref> [[Indonesia]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Arbar|first1=Thea Fathanah|date=3 October 2020|title=Perang Armenia vs Azerbaijan, Ini Sikap RI|language=id-ID|work=CNBC Indonesia|url=https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20201002105642-4-191144/perang-armenia-vs-azerbaijan-ini-sikap-ri|url-status=live|access-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007202733/https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20201002105642-4-191144/perang-armenia-vs-azerbaijan-ini-sikap-ri|archive-date=7 October 2020}}</ref> [[Iran]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hafezi|first1=Parisa|date=27 September 2020|title=Iran calls for immediate end to the conflict between Armenia, Azerbaijan – TV|work=[[Reuters]]|editor1-last=Evans|editor1-first=Catherine|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-armenia-azerbaijan-iran-idUKKBN26I0K7|url-status=live|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002033844/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-armenia-azerbaijan-iran-idUKKBN26I0K7|archive-date=2 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="Rouhani FARS">{{cite web|title=Rouhani: Iran Ready to Help Resolve Dispute between Armenia, Azerbaijan|url=https://en.farsnews.ir/13990709000952|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010113834/https://en.farsnews.ir/13990709000952|archive-date=10 October 2020|access-date=1 October 2020|website=FARS News Agency|publisher=FARS News Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Iran cannot tolerate conflict on its borders: Spox|work=Iran Press|url=https://iranpress.com/content/28215|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010113832/https://iranpress.com/content/28215|archive-date=2020-10-10}}</ref> [[Kazakhstan]],<ref>{{cite web|date=27 September 2020|title=Statement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kazakhstan over the escalation of the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict|url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mfa/press/news/details/zayavlenie-mid-rk-v-svyazi-s-eskalaciey-armyano-azerbaydzhanskogo-konflikta?lang=en|access-date=1 October 2020|agency=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Kazakhstan)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kazakhstan]]}}</ref> [[Latvia]],<ref>{{cite news|date=30 September 2020|title=Latvian minister urges Armenia and Azerbaijan to cease hostilities|newspaper=Vestnik Kavkaza|url=https://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Latvian-minister-urges-Armenia-and-Azerbaijan-to-cease-hostilities.html|url-status=live|access-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002124636/https://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Latvian-minister-urges-Armenia-and-Azerbaijan-to-cease-hostilities.html|archive-date=2 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="LatvLith">{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Lithuanian, Latvian FMs concerned over Armenia's large-scale provocation against Azerbaijan|newspaper=[[Trend News Agency]]|url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3305967.html|url-status=live|access-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929141233/https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3305967.html|archive-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> [[Lithuania]],<ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=Linkevičius: Lithuania calls on Armenia and Azerbaijan to stop military action|newspaper=[[Delfi (web portal)|Delfi]]|url=https://en.delfi.lt/politics/linkevicius-lithuania-calls-on-armenia-and-azerbaijan-to-stop-military-action.d?id=85347055|url-status=live|access-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001030025/https://en.delfi.lt/politics/linkevicius-lithuania-calls-on-armenia-and-azerbaijan-to-stop-military-action.d?id=85347055|archive-date=1 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="LatvLith" /> [[Moldova]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Avanesov|first=Alexander|date=28 September 2020|title=Президент Молдовы призывает Армению и Азербайджан остановить огонь|language=ru|newspaper=Arminfo|url=https://arminfo.info/full_news.php?id=55465}}</ref> [[Poland]],<ref>{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Polish MFA expresses deep concern with reported military clashes around Nagorno-Karabakh|work=en.trend.az|agency=Trend News Agency|url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/karabakh/3306239.html|url-status=live|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008022043/https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/karabakh/3306239.html|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref> [[Romania]],<ref>{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Conflict militar între Armenia și Azerbaidjan în regiunea Nagorno-Karabah|language=ro|newspaper=Radio Europa Liberă România|url=https://romania.europalibera.org/a/conflict-militar-intre-armenia-si-azerbaidjan-in-regiunea-nogorno-karabah/30860686.html|url-status=dead|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003073442/https://romania.europalibera.org/a/conflict-militar-intre-armenia-si-azerbaidjan-in-regiunea-nogorno-karabah/30860686.html|archive-date=3 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Grigoryan|first=Anna|date=27 September 2020|title=Ռումինիան հայկական, ադրբեջանական կողմերին կոչ է անում վերսկսել քաղաքական երկխոսությունը|language=hy|newspaper=[[Armenpress]]|location=[[Yerevan]]|url=https://armenpress.am/arm/news/1029007.html|url-status=live|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008194208/https://armenpress.am/arm/news/1029007.html|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref> [[Russia]],<ref name="TASS OSCE" /><ref name="FT OSCE" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Темникова|first=Ксения|date=27 September 2020|title=Россия призвала Ереван и Баку прекратить огонь в Нагорном Карабахе|url=https://iz.ru/1066007/2020-09-27/rossiia-prizvala-erevan-i-baku-prekratit-ogon-v-nagornom-karabakhe|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001161541/https://iz.ru/1066007/2020-09-27/rossiia-prizvala-erevan-i-baku-prekratit-ogon-v-nagornom-karabakhe|archive-date=2020-10-01|access-date=2020-10-10|website=Известия}}</ref> [[Saudi Arabia]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bahrain News Agency|url=https://www.bna.bh/en/index.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902233604/https://www.bna.bh/en/index.aspx|archive-date=2019-09-02|access-date=2020-09-29|website=bna.bh}}</ref> the United Kingdom,<ref>{{Cite web|last=News|first=Mirage|date=2020-09-29|title=By Canada and United Kingdom on Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict {{!}} Mirage News|url=https://www.miragenews.com/by-canada-and-united-kingdom-on-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict/,%20https://www.miragenews.com/by-canada-and-united-kingdom-on-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict|access-date=2020-09-29|website=miragenews.com|language=en-AU}}</ref> the United States,<ref name="TASS OSCE" /><ref name="FT OSCE" /><ref>{{cite news|last1=Schroeder|first1=Pete|date=27 September 2020|title=U.S. urges immediate halt to violence between Azerbaijan and Armenia|work=[[Reuters]]|editor1-last=Cooney|editor1-first=Peter|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-usa/u-s-urges-immediate-halt-to-violence-between-azerbaijan-and-armenia-idUSKBN26I0YO?il=0|url-status=live|access-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927235301/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-armenia-azerbaijan-usa/u-s-urges-immediate-halt-to-violence-between-azerbaijan-and-armenia-idUSKBN26I0YO?il=0|archive-date=27 September 2020}}</ref> [[Uruguay]],<ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=Gobierno del Uruguay expresa preocupación por escalada de violencia en la región de Nagorno – Karabaj|language=es|trans-title=Government of Uruguay expresses concern over escalation of violence in the Nagorno-Karabakh region|work=gub.uy|agency=[[Ministry of Foreign Relations (Uruguay)]]|url=https://www.gub.uy/ministerio-relaciones-exteriores/comunicacion/noticias/gobierno-del-uruguay-expresa-preocupacion-escalada-violencia-region-nagorno|url-status=live|access-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002043026/https://www.gub.uy/ministerio-relaciones-exteriores/comunicacion/noticias/gobierno-del-uruguay-expresa-preocupacion-escalada-violencia-region-nagorno|archive-date=2 October 2020}}</ref> and the [[Holy See]],<ref name="aj_270920" /> have called for a peaceful resolution to the conflict. [[Afghanistan]] called for an end to Armenian occupation in Nagorno-Karabakh while calling for a cease-fire, urging the parties involved to resolve the long-standing crisis peacefully.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kabul calls for end to occupation in Nagorno-Karabakh|work=Anadolu Agency|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/kabul-calls-for-end-to-occupation-in-nagorno-karabakh/1989233|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009050347/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/kabul-calls-for-end-to-occupation-in-nagorno-karabakh/1989233|archive-date=2020-10-09}}</ref> [[Bosniaks|Bosniak]] [[List of members of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina|member]] of the [[Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] [[Šefik Džaferović]] and the leader of the [[Party of Democratic Action]], [[Bakir Izetbegović]], voiced support for Azerbaijan, condemning Armenia and comparing the situation with the 1992–1995 [[Bosnian War]].<ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=Džaferović i Izetbegović podupiru Azerbajdžan i osuđuju Armeniju, nadaju se trajnom rješenju|work=[[Jutarnji list]]|location=[[Zagreb]]|url=https://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/svijet/dzaferovic-i-izetbegovic-podupiru-azerbajdzan-i-osuduju-armeniju-nadaju-se-trajnom-rjesenju-15021822|url-status=live|access-date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929073846/https://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/svijet/dzaferovic-i-izetbegovic-podupiru-azerbajdzan-i-osuduju-armeniju-nadaju-se-trajnom-rjesenju-15021822|archive-date=29 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=28 September 2020|title=Afghanistan backs Azerbaijan in its clashes with Armenia|url=https://menafn.com/1100870261/Afghanistan-backs-Azerbaijan-in-its-clashes-with-Armenia|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008000732/https://menafn.com/1100870261/Afghanistan-backs-Azerbaijan-in-its-clashes-with-Armenia|archive-date=8 October 2020|access-date=10 October 2020}}</ref> [[Cyprus]] condemned Azerbaijan for breaching [[Bishkek Protocol|the ceasefire]] and for any escalating actions, calling for a return to peaceful negotiations.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Press Releases Article – PIO|url=https://www.pio.gov.cy/en/press-releases-article.html?id=15921|access-date=2020-10-18|website=pio.gov.cy|language=en}}</ref> The unrecognized or partially recognized countries of [[Transnistria]], [[Abkhazia]] and [[South Ossetia]] recognize the independence of the Republic of Artsakh and have expressed support for it.<ref name="AbkTransOss">{{cite news|last=Shariy|first=Vitaly|date=29 September 2020|title=Карабахская "разморозка": реакция из Абхазии|language=ru|newspaper=Echo of the Caucasus|url=https://www.ekhokavkaza.com/a/30864802.html|url-status=live|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003063322/https://www.ekhokavkaza.com/a/30864802.html|archive-date=3 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=Глава МИД Приднестровья поддержал коллегу из Нагорного Карабаха|language=ru|newspaper=EADaily|url=https://eadaily.com/ru/news/2020/09/28/glava-mid-pridnestrovya-podderzhal-kollegu-iz-nagornogo-karabaha|url-status=live|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930232254/https://eadaily.com/ru/news/2020/09/28/glava-mid-pridnestrovya-podderzhal-kollegu-iz-nagornogo-karabaha|archive-date=30 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2020|title=The Pridnestrovian MFA's statement on the armed conflict escalation between Azerbaijan and the Republic of Artsakh|publisher=[[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Transnistria)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]|url=http://mfa-pmr.org/en/node/8166|url-status=live|access-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008062934/http://mfa-pmr.org/en/node/8166|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2 October 2020|title=Парламент Абхазии обеспокоен резким обострением конфликта в Нагорном Карабахе|language=ru|newspaper=NEWS.am|url=https://news.am/rus/news/605604.html|url-status=live|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008002233/https://news.am/rus/news/605604.html|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Южная Осетия призвала мировое сообщество остановить военный конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе|language=ru|newspaper=[[Kommersant]]|url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4509726|url-status=live|access-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930002526/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4509726|archive-date=30 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=29 September 2020|title=Парламент Южной Осетии осудил "реваншистские действия" Баку против Арцаха|language=ru|newspaper=EADaily|url=https://eadaily.com/ru/news/2020/09/29/parlament-yuzhnoy-osetii-osudil-revanshistskie-deystviya-baku-protiv-arcaha|url-status=live|access-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008212004/https://eadaily.com/ru/news/2020/09/29/parlament-yuzhnoy-osetii-osudil-revanshistskie-deystviya-baku-protiv-arcaha|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref> The Russian-Armenian film director [[Sarik Andreasyan]] accused Ukraine by addressing the [[President of Ukraine]] [[Volodymyr Zelensky]] in supplying [[Azerbaijan]] with [[phosphorus bomb]]s. Zelensky answered his post in [[Instagram]] by denying any involvement in the conflict.<ref>Daryna Antoniuk. ''[https://www.kyivpost.com/ukraine-politics/russian-media-accuses-ukraine-of-selling-banned-weapon-to-azerbaijan-zelensky-denies.html Zelensky dismisses fake news about Ukraine selling chemical weapons to Azerbaijan]''. [[Kyiv Post]]. 3 November 2020</ref><ref>[https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/700838.html Ukraine does not support war, unlike another well-known country – Zelensky responses to Andreasyan's accusations]. [[Interfax-Ukraine]]. 3 November 2020</ref> ===Humanitarian organizations=== Human rights groups have objected to the use of heavy explosive weapons with wide-area effects in densely populated civilian areas and urged both sides to end the conflict and join the Convention on Cluster Munitions.<ref name="amnestyintl">{{cite web |title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: Use of artillery salvos and ballistic missiles in populated areas must stop immediately |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/10/armenia-azerbaijan-use-of-artillery-salvos-and-ballistic-missiles-in-populated-areas-must-stop-immediately/ |website=amnesty.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: Don't Attack Civilians |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/09/30/armenia/azerbaijan-dont-attack-civilians |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en |date=30 September 2020}}</ref> Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have criticized Azerbaijan<ref name=amnestyintl/><ref>{{cite web |title=Azerbaijan: Cluster Munitions Used in Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/10/23/azerbaijan-cluster-munitions-used-nagorno-karabakh |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en |date=23 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: Civilians must be protected from use of banned cluster bombs |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/10/armenia-azerbaijan-civilians-must-be-protected-from-use-of-banned-cluster-bombs/ |website=amnesty.org |language=en}}</ref> and Armenia<ref>{{cite web |title=Armenia/Azerbaijan: First confirmed use of cluster munitions by Armenia 'cruel and reckless' |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/10/armenia-azerbaijan-first-confirmed-use-of-cluster-munitions-by-armenia-cruel-and-reckless/ |website=amnesty.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name=nkrforces /> for the use of cluster munitions. === Proposed sanctions === On 10 November 2020, after the reached ceasefire agreement, French [[Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs|Foreign Minister]] [[Jean-Yves Le Drian]] stated that [[Turkey]] must accept the terms of the ceasefire concluded by the parties to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, otherwise the [[European Union]] may impose additional [[International sanctions|sanctions]] against the country.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/9966993|title=ЕС может ввести жесткие санкции против Турции при нарушении перемирия в Карабахе|date=2020-11-10|website=tass.ru|publisher=[[TASS]]|language=ru}}</ref> On 18 November 2020, the [[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|Dutch Parliament]] adopted a motion calling the government to impose individual sanctions against Azerbaijani President [[Ilham Aliyev]], his relatives, key figures of the Azerbaijani offensive and [[Syrian National Army|Syrian militants]] deployed by Turkey in Nagorno-Karabakh. The deputies approved another resolution, which says that the latest outbreak of violence in Nagorno-Karabakh was initiated by Azerbaijan with the support of Turkey.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thesaxon.org/netherlands-supported-sanctions-against-aliyev/7647/|title=Netherlands supported sanctions against Aliyev|date=2020-11-18|website=thesaxon.org|publisher=The Saxon}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.dutchnews.nl/news/2020/11/dutch-coalition-mps-call-for-eu-weapons-embargo-against-turkey/|title=Dutch coalition MPs call for EU weapons embargo against Turkey|date=2020-11-11|website=dutchnews.nl|publisher=Dutch News}}</ref> On 19 November 2020, the U.S. [[New Jersey]] Senator [[Bob Menendez]] demanded United States sanctions on Turkey and Azerbaijan for aggression against Armenia and Artsakh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxla.com/news/sen-bob-menendez-demands-u-s-sanctions-on-turkey-azerbaijan|title=Sen. Bob Menendez demands U.S. sanctions on Turkey, Azerbaijan|date=2020-11-19|website=foxla.com|publisher=[[KTTV]]}}</ref> === Minorities abroad === ==== Armenians ==== {{multiple image | align = right | direction = horizontal | image1 = Pro-Armenian Protest in the USA.jpg | width1 = 160 | image2 = Protesta pro-Armènia a Barcelona.jpg | width2 = 210 | footer = [[Armenian diaspora]] held numerous protests globally in support of Armenia and Artsakh (pictured in [[Los Angeles]] (''left'') and [[Barcelona]] (''right'')). }} Ethnic Armenian populations around the world have lobbied for peace negotiations.<ref name=":16" /> On 1 October, the South Ossetian Armenian community condemned Azerbaijan and Turkey, urging recognition of Artsakh's independence.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://cominf.org/en/node/1166532516|title=The Armenian community in South Ossetia calls on the world community to condemn the actions of Azerbaijan against the Republic of Artsakh|publisher=State Information and Press Committee of South Ossetia|date=1 October 2020|access-date=4 October 2020|archive-date=7 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007230233/http://cominf.org/en/node/1166532516|url-status=live}}</ref> The next day, [[Armenians in Samtskhe–Javakheti]], in Georgia, expressed concern and their intention to send aid.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://jam-news.net/georgia-javakheti-saakashvili-armenia-azerbaijan-karabakh-war/|title=How the escalation in Karabakh has affected Armenians living in Georgia|last=Ayvazyan|first=Aghunik|newspaper=JAMnews|date=2 October 2020|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008205259/https://jam-news.net/georgia-javakheti-saakashvili-armenia-azerbaijan-karabakh-war/|url-status=live}}</ref> Subsequently, Georgia closed its [[Armenia–Georgia border|border with Armenia]], indicating frustration within Georgia's Armenian minority.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lomsadze|first1=Giorgi|date=6 October 2020|title=Armenia and Azerbaijan to Georgian mediation: Thanks, but no thanks|work=Eurasianet|url=https://eurasianet.org/armenia-and-azerbaijan-to-georgian-mediation-thanks-but-no-thanks|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=7 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007004340/https://eurasianet.org/armenia-and-azerbaijan-to-georgian-mediation-thanks-but-no-thanks|url-status=live}}</ref> Croatia's Armenian diaspora's leader asked for support against what she described as a genocide against the Armenians.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 October 2020 |title=Armenci u Hrvatskoj: 'Ne tražimo pomoć, nego samo podršku da se ne dogodi genocid' |url=https://www.sibenik.in/svijet/armenci-u-hrvatskoj-ne-trazimo-pomoc-nego-samo-podrsku-da-se-ne-dogodi-genocid/128100.html# |work=Šibenik.hr |location=Šibenik |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008201433/https://www.sibenik.in/svijet/armenci-u-hrvatskoj-ne-trazimo-pomoc-nego-samo-podrsku-da-se-ne-dogodi-genocid/128100.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On 5 October, [[Armenian Americans]] protested outside the [[Los Angeles]] (LA) [[CNN]] building, calling for more accurate coverage.<ref>{{cite news|date=5 October 2020|title=Armenian protesters in L.A. decry 'false equivalence' in media coverage of conflict|work=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-10-05/armenian-protesters-in-l-a-decry-violence-in-nagorno-karabakh|access-date=2020-10-10|archive-date=2020-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009055040/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-10-05/armenian-protesters-in-l-a-decry-violence-in-nagorno-karabakh|url-status=live}}</ref> On 11 October, the LA community held a 100,000-person strong protest march to the Turkish Consulate, in tandem with smaller protests in [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]], [[San Francisco]], [[New York City]], [[Boston]] and elsewhere in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-12|title=Tens of thousands protest outside L.A.'s Turkish Consulate in solidarity with Armenia|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-10-11/armenian-protest-turkish-consulate|access-date=2020-10-13|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Sennott|first1=Adam|last2=Lotan|first2=Gal Tziperman|date=11 October 2020|title='America has to do something': Local Armenian Americans protest Azerbaijan conflict |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/10/11/metro/local-armenian-americans-protest-turkish-conflict/|access-date=2020-10-13|work=The Boston Globe|language=en-US}}</ref> LA's mayor expressed support for Armenia and the city's Armenian community by lighting up [[Los Angeles City Hall|City Hall]] with the [[Armenian flag]]'s colours.<ref>{{cite web| title =We stand with the people of Armenia – Los Angeles Mayor| work =[[Public Radio of Armenia]]| date =October 5, 2020 | url =https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/05/we-stand-with-the-people-of-armenia-los-angeles-mayor/| access-date =October 15, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title =LA city hall building is illuminated with colors of Armenian flag| work =News.am| date = October 15, 2020| url =https://news.am/eng/news/607963.html| access-date =October 15, 2020}}</ref> A protest was held in [[Orange County, California|Orange Country]] during President Trump's pre-election rally calling on him to sanction Turkey and Azerbaijan; Trump praised them by saying, "the people from Armenia have great spirit for their country".<ref>{{cite web|title=Rally held in OC, Armenian community calling on President Trump to sanction Turkey, Azerbaijan|url=https://www.foxla.com/news/rally-held-in-oc-armenian-community-calling-on-president-trump-to-sanction-turkey-azerbaijan|work=[[KTTV]]|date=19 October 2020|access-date=19 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Trump: Armenians have a great spirit for their country|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1032038|work=Armenpress|date=19 October 2020|access-date=19 October 2020}}</ref> Protests have occurred all over Europe demanding recognition of Artsakh's independence, with the largest rallies held in [[Paris]], France and in front the [[Justus Lipsius building|Council of the European Union]] in [[Brussels]], Belgium.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Այլևս երբեք-ի ի՞նչն է անհասկանալի. Սփյուռքը պահանջում է զսպել թուրք-ադրբեջանական ագրեսիան, պատերազմը լուսաբանել օբյեկտիվ|url=http://armtimes.com/hy/article/198456|access-date=2020-10-13|website=Armtimes.com|language=hy |trans-title=Diaspora demands to curb Turkish-Azerbaijani aggression, to cover war objectively}}</ref> A major rally was held in [[Aleppo]], Syria by Armenians and Syrians condemning Azerbaijan and Turkey.<ref>{{cite web|title=Thousands of Armenians and Arabs protest in Syria, condemn Azerbaijani-Turkish aggression|url=https://news.am/eng/news/609908.html|work=News.am|date=26 October 2020|access-date=27 October 2020}}</ref> Armenian communities have also protested globally, notably in Argentina,<ref name=":19">{{cite web|title=Armenians in Argentina decry Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/2000291/armenians-in-argentina-decry-nagorno-karabakh-conflict|work=Bangkog Post|date=11 October 2020|access-date=18 October 2020}}</ref> Australia,<ref>{{cite web|date=18 October 2020|title=Սիդնեյում հայ համայնքի ներկայացուցիչները փակել են կամուրջը՝ ի նշան Ադրբեջանի ագրեսիայի դեմ բողոքի|url=https://news.am/arm/news/608526.html|access-date=18 October 2020|work=Nees.am}}</ref> Canada,<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian Montrealers protest in front of Montreal City Hall|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/7400443/armenian-montrealers-protest-montreal-city-hall/|work=Global News|date=15 October 2020|access-date=18 October 2020}}</ref> and Uruguay.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ուրուգվայի հայ համայնքի հարյուրավոր ներկայացուցիչներ բողոքի ակցիայի են դուրս եկել|url=https://www.shantnews.am/news/view/778494.html|work=Shant News|date=8 October 2020|access-date=18 October 2020}}</ref> In October 2020, an organized email campaign by the Armenians resulted in hundreds of emails being sent to [[SpaceX]] and the media requesting that SpaceX cancel their upcoming satellite launch for Turkey. SpaceX did not respond.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Coldeway |first1=Devin |title=Armenian email campaign asks SpaceX not to aid Turkish regime with satellite launch |url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/10/27/armenian-email-campaign-asks-spacex-not-to-aid-turkish-regime-with-satellite-launch/ |website=techcrunch.com |access-date=October 29, 2020 |date=October 27, 2020}}</ref> On October 29, 2020, several hundred Armenians gathered outside SpaceX headquarters in Los Angeles to protest the launch of the Turkish satellite and to persuade SpaceX from doing so. Protesters believe the satellite could be used for military purposes. SpaceX has still not responded and representatives refused to speak to the news.<ref>{{cite web|date=October 30, 2020|title=Armenian community protests at SpaceX HQ in Hawthorne over Turkish satellite launch|url=https://abc7.com/armenian-protest-turkey-spacex-turksat/7468290/|access-date=October 30, 2020|publisher=ABC 7}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Habeshian|first1=Sareen|date=29 October 2020|title=Armenian Americans protest outside SpaceX headquarters in Hawthorne, call on Elon Musk to nix satellite launch for Turkish government|url=https://ktla.com/news/armenian-americans-protest-outside-spacex-headquarters-in-hawthorne-call-on-elon-musk-to-nix-satellite-launch-for-turkish-government/|access-date=30 October 2020|publisher=KTLA}}</ref> On September 27, a nationwide fundraising campaign was launched by [[Armenia Fund]] under the motto "We and Our Borders: All for Artsakh"; getting more than $170&nbsp;million donations.<ref>{{cite web|title=''Hayastan'' All-Armenian Fund initiates fund-raising for Artsakh|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1029057/|work=Armenpress|date=27 September 2020|access-date=27 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="donatione" /> On October 28, an online musical event featuring Armenian and foreign artists was held to raise awareness and funds for Artsakh.<ref>{{cite web|title=Iconic musicians unite for Concert for Artsakh|url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/10/22/2112977/0/en/Iconic-musicians-unite-for-Concert-for-Artsakh|work=[[GlobeNewswire]]|date=22 October 2020|access-date=27 October 2020}}</ref> After the end of hostilities, $100 million of the donations were redirected to the government. It was met with criticism by president Sarkissian and some of the donatores, who demanded refund.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Arshakyan |first1=Tevos |title=Призрак гражданской войны в Армении и паралич власти {{!}} ArmenianReport |url=https://armenianreport.com/ru/pubs/267680/ |website=armenianreport.com |access-date=12 December 2020 |language=ru |date=12 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="donatione">{{cite web|url=https://mirrorspectator.com/2020/12/10/armenian-president-wants-government-to-return-100-million-donation/|title=Armenian President Wants Government to Return $100 Million Donation|work=[[The Armenian Mirror-Spectator]]|date=10 December 2020|access-date=12 December 2020}}</ref> On 4 November, around 8:30&nbsp;p.m. local time, reportedly a group of six to eight Armenian men between 20 and 30 years old walked into a Turkish restaurant on [[Beverly Drive|South Beverly Drive]], saying that they came to "kill the Turks",<ref name="istanbulcafeattack" /> began destroying property inside the establishment and physically attacking the employees both inside and in an alley outside.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Christina |last=Gonzalez |url=https://www.foxla.com/news/beverly-hills-police-investigating-hate-crime-against-turkish-restaurant |title=Beverly Hills police investigating hate crime against Turkish restaurant |date=6 November 2020 |access-date=6 November 2020 |language=en |work=[[KTTV|Fox 11 Los Angeles]] }}</ref> The victims sustained minor injuries and refused medical treatment at the scene.<ref name="istanbulcafeattack">{{Cite web |url=https://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2020/11/05/beverly-hills-hate-crime-restaurant-pro-armenia/ |title=Police Investigating Hate Crime At Beverly Hills Restaurant That Left Employees With Minor Injuries |date=5 November 2020 |access-date=6 November 2020 |language=en |work=[[KCBS-TV|CBS Los Angeles]] }}</ref> [[Beverly Hills Police Department]] began investigating the incident as a [[hate crime]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.foxla.com/video/868057 |title=Hate crime being investigated at Beverly Hills Turkish restaurant |date=6 November 2020 |access-date=6 November 2020 |language=en |work=[[KTTV|Fox 11 Los Angeles]] }}</ref> Beverly Hills Mayor called it an "unacceptable act of hate and violence", adding that there was "no place for this behavior.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Michael |last=Wittner |url=https://patch.com/california/beverlyhills/beverly-hills-cops-investigate-armenia-related-hate-crime |title=Beverly Hills Investigating Attack At Turkish Restaurant |date=5 November 2020 |access-date=6 November 2020 |language=en |work=[[Patch (website)|Patch]] }}</ref> [[Embassy of Turkey, Washington, D.C.|Turkey's ambassador to US]], strongly condemned the attack, calling [[Mayor of Los Angeles|Los Angeles Mayor]] to do the same, and urging federal and local authorities to protect [[Turkish Americans]] there.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.yenisafak.com/en/news/turkish-envoy-slams-us-senator-over-remarks-3552487 |title=Turkish envoy slams US senator over remarks |date=6 November 2020 |access-date=6 November 2020 |language=en |work=[[Yeni Şafak]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |first1=Servet |last1=Gunerigok |first2=Ovunc |last2=Kutlu |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/turkeys-us-envoy-condemns-attack-on-turkish-restaurant/2033941 |title=Turkey's US envoy condemns attack on Turkish restaurant |date=6 November 2020 |access-date=6 November 2020 |language=en |agency=[[Anadolu Agency]] }}</ref> On the night of 7 November, two unknown individuals fired upon the building of the Honorary Consulate of Azerbaijan in [[Kharkiv]], [[Ukraine]]. No one was injured in the incident. Kharkiv police launched a criminal case on the same day.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Tapdig |last=Farhadoglu |url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/az%C9%99rbaycan%C4%B1n-xarkovdak%C4%B1-konsullu%C4%9Fu-at%C9%99%C5%9F%C9%99-tutulub-/5651779.html |title=Azərbaycanın Xarkovdakı konsulluğu atəşə tutulub |work=Amerikanın Səsi |publisher=[[Voice of America]] |date=7 November 2020 |access-date=6 December 2020 |language=az }}</ref> The Azerbaijani MoFA condemned the incident and accused the "radical Armenian forces" of being its perpetrators.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Rashad |last=Vagifoglu |url=https://report.az/en/foreign-politics/mfa-condemns-attack-on-azerbaijani-consulate-in-kharkiv/ |title=MFA condemns attack on Azerbaijani consulate in Kharkiv |work=[[Report Information Agency]] |date=7 November 2020 |access-date=6 December 2020 |language=en }}</ref> ==== Azerbaijanis and Turks ==== [[File:Azerbaijanis and Turks organize a demonstration of support for Azerbaijan in Nagorno-Karabakh conflicts, Beyazıt Square, Istanbul.jpg|thumb|right|[[Turkish people|Turks]] and [[Azerbaijanis in Turkey|Azerbaijanis]] demonstrating in support of Azerbaijan in [[Turkey]].]] On 1 October, [[Ali Khamenei]]'s representatives in [[Iranian Azerbaijan|four provinces]] ([[Ardabil Province|Ardabil]], [[East Azerbaijan Province|East Azerbaijan]], [[West Azerbaijan Province|West Azerbaijan]] and [[Zanjan Province|Zanjan]]) stated that Nagorno-Karabakh belonged to Azerbaijan, that there was a need to return the territory, and that Azerbaijan's government had acted in accordance with the law.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran-54342771|title=نمایندگان آیت‌الله خامنه‌ای در چهار استان: قره‌باغ متعلق به جمهوری آذربایجان است|date=1 October 2020|work=[[BBC News]]|language=fa|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004074442/https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran-54342771|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="spokesman">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran-54433131|title=دولت ایران: ارمنستان باید 'مناطق اشغالی' جمهوری آذربایجان را تخلیه کند|date=6 October 2020|work=[[BBC News]]|language=fa|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=10 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010113903/https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran-54433131|url-status=live}}</ref> The next day, several protests erupted in Iranian cities, including the capital [[Tehran]] and [[Tabriz]], in support of Azerbaijan. [[Iranian Azerbaijani]] demonstrators chanted pro-Azerbaijan slogans.<ref>{{cite news |title=Iran fears spillover from Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.dw.com/en/iran-fears-spillover-from-nagorno-karabakh/a-55250556 |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=12 October 2020}}</ref> The local security forces intervened, detaining at least 38 people.<ref>{{cite web|date=2 October 2020|title=Protests Erupt In Iran Backing Azerbaijan In Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/protests-erupt-in-iran-backing-azerbaijan-in-nagorno-karabakh-conflict/30870217.html|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=9 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009193448/https://www.rferl.org/a/protests-erupt-in-iran-backing-azerbaijan-in-nagorno-karabakh-conflict/30870217.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The same day, around 50 Azerbaijani representatives from the 5,000-strong community in Moldova expressed their support for Azerbaijan in the capital [[Chișinău]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://azertag.az/es/xeber/1601971|title=Los azerbaiyanos de Moldova expresaron su apoyo al ejército azerbaiyano|newspaper=Azerbaijan State News Agency|date=2 October 2020|access-date=4 October 2020|language=es|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008080314/https://azertag.az/es/xeber/1601971|url-status=live}}</ref> On 3 October, [[Azerbaijanis in Georgia]] indicated a readiness to fight for Azerbaijan and the desire that Azerbaijan retake Nagorno-Karabakh.<ref>{{cite news|last=Amirjanova|first=Shalala|date=2 October 2020|title=Azerbaijanis in Georgia ready to fight for Azerbaijan – report from Marneuli|newspaper=JAMnews|url=https://jam-news.net/georgia-azerbaijanis-conflict-in-karabakh/|access-date=3 October 2020|archive-date=8 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008152558/https://jam-news.net/georgia-azerbaijanis-conflict-in-karabakh/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 16 October, [[Azerbaijanis in the United Kingdom|Azerbaijanis]], Iranian Azerbaijanis, and [[Turks in the United Kingdom|Turks]] living in the United Kingdom gathered in front of [[Amnesty International]]'s [[London]] headquarters and held a protest rally, condemning the shelling of residential areas and civilians in Ganja, Mingachevir, Tartar, and other regions.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/nagorno_garabagh/Azerbaijanis-living-in-Britain-hold-protest-rally-in-front-of-Amnesty-International-building-colorredPHOTOcolor-333101 |title=Azerbaijanis living in Britain hold protest rally in front of Amnesty International building – PHOTO |date=11 October 2020 |access-date=18 October 2020 |website=APA.az |language=en }}</ref> The next day, [[Azerbaijani Americans]] held a rally in [[Chicago]], condemning the [[2020 Ganja ballistic missile attacks|attacks on Ganja]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/social-news/Rally-condemning-Ganja-terror-held-in-Illinois-state-of-US-333186 |title=Rally condemning Ganja terror held in Illinois state of US |date=17 October 2020 |access-date=18 October 2020 |website=APA.az |language=en }}</ref> The following day, [[Azerbaijanis in the United Kingdom|British Azerbaijanis]] commemorated those killed during the attacks in front of the [[Embassy of Azerbaijan, London|Azerbaijani embassy in London]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/europe/People-who-were-killed-in-Ganja-commemorated-in-front-of-Azerbaijani-Embassy-in-Great-Britain-333252 |title=People, who were killed in Ganja, commemorated in front of Azerbaijani Embassy in Great Britain |date=18 October 2020 |access-date=18 October 2020 |website=APA.az |language=en }}</ref> while [[Azerbaijanis in Georgia|Georgian Azerbaijanis]] held a rally in front the [[Georgian Parliament Building (Tbilisi)|Parliament Building]] in [[Tbilisi]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/foreign-news/Campaign-in-support-to-Azerbaijan-held-in-front-of-parliament-building-in-Tbilisi-colorredPHOTOSESSIONcolor-333268 |title=Campaign in support to Azerbaijan held in front of parliament building in Tbilisi – PHOTOSESSION |date=18 October 2020 |access-date=18 October 2020 |website=APA.az |language=en }}</ref> On the same day, [[Azerbaijanis in Russia|Russian Azerbaijanis]] dedicated part of the entrance door of [[Embassy of Azerbaijan in Moscow|Azerbaijan's embassy to Russia]] in [[Moscow]] to the memory of the victims of the 17 October attack.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/foreign-news/Victims-of-act-of-terrorism-committed-by-Armenia-in-Azerbaijans-Ganja-city-were-commemorated-in-Moscow-333276 |title=Victims of act of terrorism committed by Armenia in Azerbaijan's Ganja city were commemorated in Moscow |date=18 October 2020 |access-date=18 October 2020 |website=APA.az |language=en }}</ref> Protests erupted in Tabriz, with many Iranian Azerbaijanis chanting pro-Azerbaijani slogans and protesting Iran's alleged arms support to Armenia via the [[Nurduz|Nordooz]] border crossing.<ref>{{cite news |title=Iran on edge as Azeri minority backs Karabakh war |url=https://asiatimes.com/2020/10/iran-on-edge-as-azeri-minority-backs-karabakh-war/ |work=[[Asia Times]] |date=8 October 2020}}</ref> Iranian security forces intervened, detaining over 200 people.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/tebrizde-qarabaga-destek-mitinqi/5626266.html |title=Təbrizdə keçirilən aksiyada İran-Ermənistan sərhəd məntəqəsinin qapadılması tələb edilib |publisher=[[Voice of America]] |date=18 October 2020 |access-date=19 October 2020 |language=az }}</ref> On 23 October, American Azerbaijanis gathered in a pro-Trump rally and voiced their support for Azerbaijan,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/karabakh/3322267.html |title=The slogan "Karabakh is Azerbaijan" was raised at the rally of the US President |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] |date=23 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref> while in [[San Francisco]] and [[Minnesota]], Azerbaijanis rallied and condemned Armenia for "the ballistic missile attacks" on cities.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/society/3323334.html |title=US Azerbaijanis hold protest in San Francisco against Armenian terror (PHOTOS) |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] |date=25 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3324164.html |title=Azerbaijani compatriots living in Minnesota hold protest rally (PHOTO) |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] |date=26 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3324163.html |title=Azerbaijanis hold rally in California, condemning Armenian terror (PHOTO) |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] |date=26 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref> On 26 October, Azerbaijanis organized rallies in [[Bielefeld]], [[Germany]], and [[Copenhagen]], [[Denmark]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3324148.html |title=Protest rally against Armenian attack on Ganja held in Bielefeld, Germany (PHOTO) |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] |date=26 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3324157.html |title=Azerbaijanis in Denmark hold protest rally against Armenian terror (PHOTO) |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] |date=26 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref> Amid tensions among protesters over Nagorno-Karabakh, dozens of Turks and Azerbaijanis marched through the streets of [[Lyon]], France in the evening of 28 October 2020 and reportedly chanted pro-Erdogan slogans while threatening Armenians.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=2020-10-29|title=Video shows Turkish and Azeri nationals 'looking for Armenians' in France|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/turks-azeris-lyon-france-armenians-vienne-video-b1422175.html|access-date=2020-11-02|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-28|title="Where are the Armenians?!" : punitive expedition of dozens of Turks in the streets of Décines|url=https://www.lyonmag.com/article/111100/8220-vous-etes-ou-les-armeniens-8221-expedition-punitive-de-dizaines-de-turcs-dans-les-rues-de-decines|access-date=2020-11-02|website=Lyonmag.com|language=fr-FR}}</ref> It followed clashes between members of France's Turkish and Armenian communities on a motorway connecting Lyon and Marseille on Wednesday morning. A demonstration of support for Armenia led to the blocking of the A7 motorway. Four people were reportedly wounded after violence broke out, including a 23-year-old Armenian who was hospitalized after receiving a hammer blow.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=After clashes between Armenians and Turks on the A7, clashes spread to Vienna and the suburbs of Lyon {{!}} En24 World|url=https://www.en24news.com/2020/10/after-clashes-between-armenians-and-turks-on-the-a7-clashes-spread-to-vienna-and-the-suburbs-of-lyon.html|access-date=2020-11-02|language=en-US}}</ref> A few days later, the [[Lyon Armenian Genocide Memorial]] was vandalized with pro-Turkey graffiti and insults, reportedly by the [[Grey Wolves (organization)|Grey Wolves]], a Turkish ultranationalistic group.<ref>{{cite web|date=1 November 2020|title=Lyon: le mémorial du génocide arménien profané par des tags pro-Turquie|url=https://www.nouvelobs.com/societe/20201101.OBS35493/lyon-le-memorial-du-genocide-armenien-profane-par-des-tags-pro-turquie.html|access-date=2 November 2020|work=[[L'Obs]]}}</ref> Following the memorial's vandalisation, France banned the Grey Wolves and enhanced security near Armenian schools and churches in Lyon.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/france-bans-turkish-ultra-nationalist-grey-wolves-group/a-55503469|title=France bans Turkish ultra-nationalist Grey Wolves group|work=[[Deutsche Welle]]|date=4 November 2020|access-date=5 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lyoncapitale.fr/actualite/rhone-presence-militaire-renforcee-pres-des-etablissements-scolaires-et-lieux-de-culte-armeniens/|title=Rhône&nbsp;: sécurité renforcée près des établissements scolaires et lieux de culte arméniens|work=Lyon Capitale|date=5 November 2020|access-date=5 November 2020}}</ref> === Sports === Due to the conflict, [[UEFA]] announced that the [[2020–21 UEFA Nations League C]] home matches of Armenia and Azerbaijan would no longer be hosted in the countries; instead [[Armenia national football team|Armenia]] will play their designated "home" game in [[Tychy]], Poland; while [[Azerbaijan national football team|Azerbaijan]] will play in [[Elbasan]], Albania.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/sports/international-soccer-games-moved-from-armenia-azerbaijan-1.5134331 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-10-10 |archive-date=2020-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010113903/https://www.ctvnews.ca/sports/international-soccer-games-moved-from-armenia-azerbaijan-1.5134331 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 31 October 2020, the [[Football Federation of Armenia|Armenian Football Federation]] called on [[FIFA]] and UEFA for sanctions against Azerbaijani club [[Qarabağ FK]], after its PR and media manager Nurlan Ibrahimov made a [[Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan|hate speech]] on social network calling to "kill all the Armenians, old and young, without distinction".<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian Football Federation Complains About Qarabag 'Hate' Post|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/armenian-football-federation-complains-about-qarabag-hate-post-01604170205|work=[[Barron's (newspaper)|Barron's]]|date=31 October 2020|access-date=1 November 2020}}</ref> The next day, he was punished in an administrative manner for the calls he made expressing cruelty against another nation and inciting national, racial or religious hatred while behaving emotionally on social network.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/accidents-incidents-news/Person-making-harmful-calls-on-social-networks-was-punished-in-administrative-manner-334490 |title=Person making harmful calls on social networks was punished in administrative manner |agency=[[Azeri Press Agency]] |date=1 November 2020 |access-date=1 November 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.is/6oQFW |archive-date=1 November 2020 }}</ref> UEFA announced that it has life banned the Qarabağ official for the "racist and other discriminatory conduct” targeting Armenians and fined Qarabağ €100,000.<ref>{{cite web|title=UEFA To Investigate Qarabag 'Hate' Post Targeting Armenians|url=https://www.barrons.com/news/uefa-to-investigate-qarabag-hate-post-targeting-armenians-01604337304|work=Barron's|date=2 November 2020|access-date=3 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1758476/sport|title=UEFA ban Qarabag official for Armenia comments|work=Arab News|date=4 November 2020|access-date=5 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/soccer/uefa-gives-soccer-official-life-ban-for-racist-behavior/2020/11/26/1f68f1f4-2ff7-11eb-9dd6-2d0179981719_story.html|title=UEFA gives soccer official life ban for racist behavior|work=[[The Washington Post]]|date=26 November 2020|access-date=26 November 2020}}</ref> Shortly after the UEFA sanction, Ibrahimov was declared wanted in Armenia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/11/27/armenia-puts-qarabag-fk-press-officer-nurlan-ibrahimov-on-wanted-list/|title=Armenia declares Qarabag FK press officer Nurlan Ibrahimov wanted|work=Public Radio of Armenia|date=27 November 2020|access-date=28 November 2020}}</ref> === Celebrities === Celebrities have commented on the conflict, with some amending their initial positions, including [[Cardi B]] and [[Elton John]] who subsequently claimed that they were not taking any sides.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ghazanchyan|first1=Siranush|date=October 5, 2020|title=Elton John calls attention to Azerbaijani-Turkish aggression against Artsakh|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/05/elton-john-calls-attention-to-azerbaijani-turkish-aggression-against-artsakh/|access-date=October 15, 2020|website=Public Radio of Armenia|publisher=Public Radio of Armenia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=ZORNOSA|first1=LAURA|date=October 7, 2020|title=Cardi B apologizes for misstep and asks for peace in Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/music/story/2020-10-07/cardi-b-armenia-fundraiser-twitter-apology|access-date=October 15, 2020|website=Los Angeles Times|publisher=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Those in favor of Armenia include [[Mel Gibson]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Mel Gibson expresses solidarity with Armenians amid Azerbaijan's aggression against Nagorno-Karabakh (Artsakh) |url=https://gagrule.net/mel-gibson-expresses-solidarity-with-armenians-amid-azerbaijans-aggression-against-nagorno-karabakh-artsak |website=gagrule.net |access-date=October 29, 2020 |date=October 27, 2020}}</ref> [[Ronda Rousey]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Former UFC champ Ronda Rousey shows solidarity with Armenia over conflict with Azerbaijan|url=https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2020/10/6/21504324/former-ufc-champ-ronda-rousey-solidarity-armenia-conflict-azerbaijan-news|access-date=October 14, 2020}}</ref> [[Henrikh Mkhitaryan]],<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ghazanchyan|first1=Siranush|date=October 3, 2020|title=Henrikh Mkhitaryan: Stop aggression against Armenians and global peace|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/03/henrikh-mkhitaryan-stop-aggression-against-armenians-and-global-peace/|access-date=October 15, 2020|publisher=Public Radio of Armenia}}</ref> [[Peter Gabriel]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Peter Gabriel's Comments on Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict |url=https://en.168.am/2020/10/07/39778.html |website=168.am |publisher=168.am |access-date=October 15, 2020 |date=October 7, 2020}}</ref> [[Sean Penn]],<ref>{{cite web |title='Armenians are being slaughtered by Trump pal Erdogan' – US actor Sean Penn |url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1032634.html |publisher=Armen Press |access-date=October 27, 2020 |date=October 24, 2020}}</ref> [[Michael B. Jordan]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Hollywood star Michael B Jordan expresses support to Armenia|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1030977/|access-date=October 14, 2020}}</ref> [[Kylie Jenner]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1031331.html|title=Kylie Jenner expresses support to Armenia and Artsakh|date=12 October 2020|access-date=7 December 2020}}</ref> [[Tinashe]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Tinashe Twitter|url=https://mobile.twitter.com/Tinashe/status/1313991236550787077|access-date=October 16, 2020}}</ref> [[Cher]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Zonrnosa |first1=Laura |title=Why these Armenian American celebs are speaking out about a chronic conflict |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/story/2020-10-08/kardashians-armenian-american-celebs-talk-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict-online |website=Los Angeles Times |publisher=Los Angeles Times |access-date=October 15, 2020 |date=October 8, 2020}}</ref> [[Bill Belichick]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Bill Belichick says Trump administration should 'take action against' Turkey and Azerbaijan in conflict|url=https://www.boston.com/sports/new-england-patriots/2020/11/18/bill-belichick-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict|work=[[Boston.com]]|date=18 November 2020|access-date=7 December 2020}}</ref> [[Cam Newton]], [[Tristan Thompson]], [[Big Sean]], [[Ne-Yo]], among others.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://style.news.am/eng/news/74597/ne-yo-big-sean-tristan-thompson-and-other-celebrities-stand-with-armenia-and-artsakh.html|title=Ne-Yo, Big Sean, Tristan Thompson and other celebrities stand with Armenia and Artsakh|work=News.am|date=20 October 2020|access-date=7 December 2020}}</ref> [[Kim Kardashian]] and other Kardashians have posted video messages in support of Armenia; donating $1&nbsp;million to the [[Armenia Fund]].<ref name="kimk">{{cite web|last1=Shafer|first1=Ellise|date=October 11, 2020|title=Kim Kardashian West Donates $1 Million to Armenia Fund Amid Ongoing Conflict With Azerbaijan|url=https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/kim-kardashian-west-armenia-donation-azerbaijan-1234800606/|access-date=October 14, 2020|website=Variety|publisher=Variety}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kim Kardashian West donates $1 million to Armenia Fund |url=https://www.msn.com/en-gb/entertainment/celebrity/kim-kardashian-west-donates-dollar1-million-to-armenia-fund/ar-BB19WD9j |website=MSN |publisher=MSN |access-date=October 14, 2020 |date=October 12, 2020}}</ref> Rapper [[Kanye West]] posted a tweet stated he would pray for Armenia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kanye West: Praying for Armenia|url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/09/29/kanye-west-praying-for-armenia/|access-date=October 14, 2020}}</ref> Armenian-American rock band [[System of a Down]] released their first material in 15 years since 2005 album ''[[Hypnotize (album)|Hypnotize]]'', "[[Protect the Land]]" and "[[Genocidal Humanoidz]]" in response to the crisis. They used the singles as a fundraiser for the [[Armenia Fund]], with the intention to raise awareness of the war.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/system-of-a-down-new-songs-protect-the-land-genocidal-humanoidz-1085942/|title=Hear System of a Down's First New Music in 15 Years, 'Protect the Land' and 'Genocidal Humanoidz'|publisher=[[Rolling Stone]]|last=Grow|first=Kory|date=6 November 2020|access-date=6 November 2020}}</ref> [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] footballer [[Mesut Özil]] and singer [[Sami Yusuf]] tweeted in support of Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20201014-arsenals-ozil-favors-azerbaijan-in-karabakh-dispute/|title=Arsenal's Ozil favours Azerbaijan in Karabakh dispute|access-date=October 14, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sami Yusuf expresses support to Azerbaijan|url=https://azertag.az/en/xeber/Sami_Yusuf_expresses_support_to_Azerbaijan-1599263|access-date=October 14, 2020}}</ref> Former [[Barcelona FC|Barcelona]] player [[Ronaldinho]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/karabakh/3326115.html |title=Ronaldinho films video message in support of Azerbaijan |date=29 October 2020 |access-date=29 October 2020 |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] |language=en }}</ref> and American actor [[Chuck Norris]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Chuck-Norris-congratulates-Azerbaijan-on-liberation-of-Karabakh-VIDEO.html |title=Chuck Norris congratulates Azerbaijan on liberation of Karabakh (VIDEO) |date=2 December 2020 |access-date=9 December 2020 |work=Vestnik Kavkaza |archive-url=https://archive.is/KedlT |archive-date=9 December 2020 |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://menafn.com/1101219476/Chuck-Norris-congratulates-Azerbaijan-on-liberation-of-its-territories-VIDEO |title=Chuck Norris congratulates Azerbaijan on liberation of its territories [VIDEO] |date=2 December 2020 |access-date=9 December 2020 |work=[[Mena Report|MENAFN]] |archive-url=https://archive.is/LgSmA |archive-date=9 December 2020 |language=en }}</ref> both released a video message in support of Azerbaijan. Several Turkish celebrities, including [[Sinan Akçıl]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sabah.com.tr/magazin/2020/10/22/sinan-akcil-azeri-sarkici-saide-guliyeva-ile-duet-yapti|title=Sinan Akçıl, Azeri şarkıcı Saide Guliyeva ile düet yaptı|access-date=2020-10-28}}</ref> [[Hadise]], [[Bergüzar Korel]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.habererk.com/magazin/hadise-ve-berguzar-korel-den-azerbaycan-a-destek-h135771.html|title=Hadise ve Bergüzar Korel'den Azerbaycan'a destek|access-date=2020-10-28}}</ref> [[Acun Ilıcalı]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gunboyugazetesi.com.tr/unlu-televizyoncu-acun-ilicalidan-azerbaycan-mesaji-65432h.htm|title=Ünlü televizyoncu Acun Ilıcalı'dan Azerbaycan mesajı|access-date=2020-10-28}}</ref> [[Kenan İmirzalıoğlu]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.takvim.com.tr/galeri/yasam/kim-milyoner-olmak-isterde-kenan-imirzalioglundan-gardas-azerbaycana-selam-kardeslerimize-selam-ve-sevgilerimizle|title=Kim Milyoner Olmak İster'de Kenan İmirzalıoğlu'ndan gardaş Azerbaycan'a selam: "Kardeşlerimize selam ve sevgilerimizle"|access-date=2020-10-28}}</ref> [[Tarkan (singer)|Tarkan]], [[Cem Yılmaz]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ahaber.com.tr/magazin/2020/10/19/tarkan-ve-cem-yilmazdan-ermenistanin-katliamlarina-23-gun-sonra-tepki|title=Tarkan ve Cem Yılmaz'dan Ermenistan'ın katliamlarına 23 gün sonra tepki!.|access-date=2020-11-01}}</ref> also shared their condolences and support to Azerbaijan. === Recognition of Artsakh === {{Further|Political status of Nagorno-Karabakh}} [[File:French Senate adopts resolution calling for recognition of the Republic of Artsakh.png|thumb|[[Senate (France)|French Senate]] adopts resolution calling for recognition of the [[Republic of Artsakh]]. 25 November 2020]] Due to the ongoing hostilities, the urgent motion on recognizing the independence of the Republic of Artsakh has been passed in different cities and towns.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.armradio.am/2020/10/16/city-of-milan-urges-italian-authorities-to-recognize-the-republic-of-artsakh/ |title=City of Milan urges Italian authorities to recognize the Republic of Artsakh |date=2020-10-16 |website=www.armradio.am |publisher=[[Public Radio of Armenia]] |access-date=2020-10-16 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aquibergueda.cat/2020/11/05/lajuntament-de-berga-condemna-lagressio-militar-dazerbaidjan-a-la-republica-dartsakh-i-la-col·laboracio-de-turquia/#disqus_thread|title=L'Ajuntament de Berga condemna l'agressió militar de l'Azerbaidjan a la República d'Artsakh i la col·laboració de Turquia|date=2020-11-05|website=aquibergueda.cat|publisher=Aqui Bergueda}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.glendaleca.gov/Home/ShowDocument?id=59441|title=RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF GLENDALE, STATE OF CALIFORNIA, RECOGNIZING THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARTSAKH|date=2020-10-27|website=glendaleca.gov|publisher=Government of Glendale}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-30|title=Il Comune di Asolo fa un piccolo grande passo verso il riconoscimento della Repubblica armena di Artsakh|url=https://www.qdpnews.it/asolo/41959-asolo-prima-nel-fare-un-piccolo-grande-passo-verso-il-riconoscimento-della-repubblica-armena-del-artsakh|access-date=2020-11-04|website=QDP il Quotidiano del Piave, notizie dell'Alta Marca Trevigiana.|language=it-it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ALBO PRETORIO DIGITALE – Comune di Cerchiara di Calabria|url=https://www.servizipubblicaamministrazione.it/servizi/saturnweb/Dettaglio.aspx?Pub=7671&RicCro=1&CE=crchrclbr791|access-date=2020-11-04|website=www.servizipubblicaamministrazione.it}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= Canada's Laval recognizes independence of Karabakh |url=https://www.philippinesnews.net/news/266897904/canadaaposs-laval-recognizes-independence-of-karabakh |access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref> On 25 November the [[Senate (France)|French Senate]] adopted resolution calling on the French government to recognize the independence of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/international/le-senat-vote-pour-la-reconnaissance-du-haut-karabakh-20201125|title=Le Sénat vote pour la reconnaissance du Haut-Karabakh|date=2020-11-25|website=lefigaro.fr|publisher=[[Le Figaro]]|language=fr}}</ref> The resolution serves as a recommendation and has no mandatory power. French Secretary of State at the Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs [[Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne (politician)|Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne]] stated that "unilateral recognition of Karabakh will do no good for anyone" and will not serve to boost mediation efforts.<ref>{{cite web |title=French Senate adopts resolution urging government to recognize Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://tass.com/world/1228017 |website=TASS |access-date=26 November 2020}}</ref> Armenian PM Nikol Pashinyan stated that the decision made by the French Senate was "historical."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/1035914/|title=Recognition of Artsakh's independence enters into international agenda – PM Pashinyan|date=2020-12-03|website=armenpress.am|publisher=[[Armenpress]]}}</ref> The [[Foreign relations of Artsakh|Artsakh Foreign Ministry]] issued a statement expressing its gratitude, calling the French Senate vote “courageous,” expressing hope that it will serve as an example for other institutions, among the French National Assembly, and other countries to follow suit.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://asbarez.com/198774/stepanakert-yerevan-welcome-french-senate-vote/|title=Stepanakert, Yerevan Welcome French Senate Vote|date=2020-11-26|website=asbarez.com|publisher=[[Asbarez]]}}</ref> The French Ambassador to Azerbaijan, Zacharie Gross, had stated that "unilateral recognition of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic is not the policy of the French government".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fbf5e9d10a1c302d6fbeb5e%26Fransa%20s%C9%99firi%3A%20%22Da%C4%9Fl%C4%B1q%20Qaraba%C4%9F%C4%B1n%20tan%C4%B1nmas%C4%B1%20Fransa%20h%C3%B6k%C3%BCm%C9%99tinin%20siyas%C9%99ti%20deyil%22%262020-11-26T07%3A52%3A54%2B00%3A00&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:19c29148-3b24-4851-a33d-2768969682a8&pinned_post_asset_id=5fbf5e9d10a1c302d6fbeb5e&pinned_post_type=share |title=Fransa səfiri: "Dağlıq Qarabağın tanınması Fransa hökümətinin siyasəti deyil" |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |date=26 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |language=az }}</ref> Azerbaijan's parliament condemned the resolution of the French Senate and called on the Azerbaijani government to appeal to the OSCE to remove France from the OSCE Minsk Group co-chairmanship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Azerbaijani Parliament calls on government to appeal to the OSCE to withdraw France from co-chair |url=https://apa.az/en/domestic-news/Azerbaijani-Parliament-calls-on-government-to-appeal-to-the-OSCE-to-withdraw-France-from-co-chair-336365 |website=APA |access-date=26 November 2020}}</ref> The parliament's chairman, [[Sahiba Gafarova]], stated that the resolution had "distorted the essence of the conflict." Stressing that France is a co-chair of the OSCE Minsk Group, Gafarova added that "this country, which speaks of freedom and democracy, has never made a distinction between the occupier and the occupied, and has shown a biased position."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fbf632365be0302b81c482d%26Sahib%C9%99%20Qafarova%3A%20%22Fransa%20he%C3%A7%20vaxt%20i%C5%9F%C4%9Fal%C3%A7%C4%B1%20il%C9%99%20i%C5%9F%C4%9Fala%20m%C9%99ruz%20qalan%20aras%C4%B1nda%20f%C9%99rq%20qoymay%C4%B1b%22%262020-11-26T08%3A14%3A58%2B00%3A00&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:f851ae3a-4145-4f4d-8bde-e25ec8b07f4d&pinned_post_asset_id=5fbf632365be0302b81c482d&pinned_post_type=share |title=Sahibə Qafarova: "Fransa heç vaxt işğalçı ilə işğala məruz qalan arasında fərq qoymayıb" |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |date=26 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |language=az }}</ref> The Azerbaijani Foreign Ministry also issued a note of protest to the French Ambassador.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fbfc89510a1c302d6fbebf6%26Az%C9%99rbaycan%20Xarici%20%C4%B0%C5%9Fl%C9%99r%20Nazirliyi%20Fransa%20S%C9%99firin%C9%99%20etiraz%20notas%C4%B1%20verib%262020-11-26T15%3A27%3A33%2B00%3A00&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:421e8205-2064-40d8-a67e-1fd287503bc7&pinned_post_asset_id=5fbfc89510a1c302d6fbebf6&pinned_post_type=share |title=Azərbaycan Xarici İşlər Nazirliyi Fransa Səfirinə etiraz notası verib |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |date=26 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |language=az }}</ref> On 27 November, Turkey's [[Justice and Development Party (Turkey)|Justice and Development Party]] (AKP), the [[Republican People's Party (Turkey)|Republican People's Party]] (CHP), the [[Nationalist Movement Party]] (MHP) and the [[Good Party|İYİ Party]] issued a joint statement condemning the French Senate's resolution on Artsakh's recognition.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/dort-partiden-fransa-senatosuna-kinama-1794369 |title=Dört partiden Fransa Senatosu'na kınama |work=[[Cumhuriyet]] |date=27 November 2020 |access-date=27 November 2020 |language=tr }}</ref> However, two days later, the French Foreign Ministry issued a statement that it does not recognize "the self-proclaimed Nagorno-Karabakh Republic".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/30971851.html |title=Karabakh Not Recognized By France |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=27 November 2020 |website=azatutyun.am |publisher=Azatutyun }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Haut-Karabagh – Déclaration de la porte-parole (26 novembre 2020) |url=https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/armenie/evenements/article/haut-karabagh-declaration-de-la-porte-parole-26-11-20 |website=Ministère de l’Europe et des Affaires étrangères |access-date=1 December 2020}}</ref> On 3 December 2020, the [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]] of France also adopted a resolution urging the French Government to recognize Artsakh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.notretemps.com/droit/l-assemblee-nationale-pour-la-afp-202012,i232950|title=L'Assemblée nationale pour la reconnaissance du Haut-Karabakh, le gouvernement contre|date=2020-12-03|website=notretemps.com|publisher=Notre Temps|language=fr}}</ref> Before the vote, French Foreign Minister [[Jean-Yves Le Drian]] spoke out against such recognition, saying that it would be counterproductive for both France and the Karabakh peace process.<ref>{{cite web |title=French Lower House Also Calls For Karabakh's Recognition |url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/30982737.html |website=Azatutyun |access-date=6 December 2020}}</ref> Artsakh MFA commented that the recognition will "guarantee the rights of the citizens of Artsakh to live freely in their native land" and that the political settlement of the conflict should be based on the right to [[self-determination]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.am/eng/news/617163.html|title=Karabakh MFA comment on French National Assembly's resolution on Artsakh|date=2020-12-04|website=news.am|publisher=NEWS.am}}</ref> The next day, Azerbaijan sent a note of protest to the French Ambassador.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fca348afe66a902d10056b7%26Az%C9%99rbaycan%20Fransa%20S%C9%99firin%C9%99%20etiraz%20notas%C4%B1%20verib%262020-12-04T13%3A07%3A23.267Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:fc59af58-71cd-41c6-aafe-62763634ffcd&pinned_post_asset_id=5fca348afe66a902d10056b7&pinned_post_type=share |title=Azərbaycan Fransa Səfirinə etiraz notası verib |date=4 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> Also, the Azerbaijani Foreign Ministry responded to the decision by calling it "another completely baseless, unfriendly and provocative activity" by the French parliament, adding that this "biased" resolution was part of a "sustained campaign" against Azerbaijan. The ministry, citing the resolution's title, also accused members of the French National Assembly of "adding religious overtones" to the conflict, and stressed that the resolution had no legal force.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/live/azerbaijan-54577122?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5fc9d74bfe66a902d1005632%26Az%C9%99rbaycan%20X%C4%B0N%20Fransa%20Milli%20Assambleyas%C4%B1%20t%C9%99r%C9%99find%C9%99n%20q%C9%99bul%20edilmi%C5%9F%20q%C9%99tnam%C9%99%20il%C9%99%20ba%C4%9Fl%C4%B1%20%C5%9F%C9%99rh%20verib%262020-12-04T06%3A30%3A54.969Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:d954c4d0-372e-4e81-92c5-6630b08b693b&pinned_post_asset_id=5fc9d74bfe66a902d1005632&pinned_post_type=share |title=Azərbaycan XİN Fransa Milli Assambleyası tərəfindən qəbul edilmiş qətnamə ilə bağlı şərh verib |date=4 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |work=BBC Azerbaijani Service |language=az }}</ref> Some international analysts called on France to step down from its position as a co-chair of the Minsk Group due to its support for Armenia, as its status as mediator requires that it maintains neutrality.<ref>{{cite news |title=France struggles to retain Karabakh sway after Armenia defeat |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20201127-france-struggles-to-retain-karabakh-sway-after-armenia-defeat |access-date=6 December 2020 |agency=AFP |publisher=France 24 |date=27 November 2020}}</ref> On 22 November 2020 President of Russia Vladimir Putin said that from the point of view of the international law Nagorno-Karabakh is a part of Azerbaijan. Vladimir Putin's Press Secretary [[Dmitry Peskov]] stated that Russia, the same as other countries, did not change its position on the status of Nagorno-Karabakh, and the ownership of this territory is determined by the resolutions of the UN Security Council. According to Peskov, there was "no one in charge" in Karabakh, and Russia coordinates its activities in the region with two parties to the conflict, Azerbaijan and Armenia.<ref>{{cite news |title=Песков подтвердил позицию России по статусу Карабаха |url=https://iz.ru/1095876/2020-12-04/peskov-podtverdil-pozitciiu-rossii-po-statusu-karabakha |access-date=6 December 2020 |agency=Известия |date=4 December 2020}}</ref> President Vladimir Putin reiterated his stance at the annual press conference on December 17, stating that international law recognizes Nagorno-Karabakh as part of Azerbaijan, and that Russia always held the position that seven occupied districts around Nagorno-Karabakh should be returned to Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Moscow-brokered Nagorno-Karabakh truce vital for preserving life & stopping bloodshed in disputed region, says Putin |url=https://www.rt.com/russia/509996-moscow-nagorno-karabakh-truce/ |access-date=18 December 2020 |agency=RT |date=17 December 2020}}</ref> == See also == * [[2014 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes]] * [[List of ongoing armed conflicts]] * [[List of territorial disputes]] {{Portal bar|Azerbaijan|War}} ==Notes== {{notelist}} == References == {{Reflist}} == External links == * {{Commons category-inline}} * [https://www.euronews.com/2020/10/07/watch-live-azerbaijan-and-armenia-leaders-speak-exclusively-to-euronews Interview with the leaders of Azerbaijan and Armenia] * {{cite web | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YU2v38hRRbg | title = The Armenia and Azerbaijan war, explained | publisher = [[Vox (website)|Vox]] | date = 3 December 2020 }} {{Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict}} [[Category:2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war| ]] [[Category:Armenia–Azerbaijan border]] [[Category:Conflicts in 2020]] [[Category:2020 in Armenia]] [[Category:2020 in Azerbaijan]] [[Category:2020 in international relations]] [[Category:Battles in 2020]] [[Category:Battles involving the Republic of Artsakh]] [[Category:Wars involving Armenia]] [[Category:Wars involving Azerbaijan]] [[Category:Drone warfare]] [[Category:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]] [[Category:September 2020 events in Asia]] [[Category:October 2020 events in Asia]] [[Category:Articles containing video clips]]'
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'@@ -695,5 +695,5 @@ Some international analysts called on France to step down from its position as a co-chair of the Minsk Group due to its support for Armenia, as its status as mediator requires that it maintains neutrality.<ref>{{cite news |title=France struggles to retain Karabakh sway after Armenia defeat |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20201127-france-struggles-to-retain-karabakh-sway-after-armenia-defeat |access-date=6 December 2020 |agency=AFP |publisher=France 24 |date=27 November 2020}}</ref> -On 22 November 2020 President of Russia Vladimir Putin said that from the point of view of the international law Nagorno-Karabakh is a part of Azerbaijan. Vladimir Putin's Press Secretary [[Dmitry Peskov]] stated that Russia, the same as other countries, did not change its position on the status of Nagorno-Karabakh, and the ownership of this territory is determined by the resolutions of the UN Security Council. According to Peskov, there was "no one in charge" in Karabakh, and Russia coordinates its activities in the region with two parties to the conflict, Azerbaijan and Armenia.<ref>{{cite news |title=Песков подтвердил позицию России по статусу Карабаха |url=https://iz.ru/1095876/2020-12-04/peskov-podtverdil-pozitciiu-rossii-po-statusu-karabakha |access-date=6 December 2020 |agency=Известия |date=4 December 2020}}</ref> +On 22 November 2020 President of Russia Vladimir Putin said that from the point of view of the international law Nagorno-Karabakh is a part of Azerbaijan. Vladimir Putin's Press Secretary [[Dmitry Peskov]] stated that Russia, the same as other countries, did not change its position on the status of Nagorno-Karabakh, and the ownership of this territory is determined by the resolutions of the UN Security Council. According to Peskov, there was "no one in charge" in Karabakh, and Russia coordinates its activities in the region with two parties to the conflict, Azerbaijan and Armenia.<ref>{{cite news |title=Песков подтвердил позицию России по статусу Карабаха |url=https://iz.ru/1095876/2020-12-04/peskov-podtverdil-pozitciiu-rossii-po-statusu-karabakha |access-date=6 December 2020 |agency=Известия |date=4 December 2020}}</ref> President Vladimir Putin reiterated his stance at the annual press conference on December 17, stating that international law recognizes Nagorno-Karabakh as part of Azerbaijan, and that Russia always held the position that seven occupied districts around Nagorno-Karabakh should be returned to Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Moscow-brokered Nagorno-Karabakh truce vital for preserving life & stopping bloodshed in disputed region, says Putin |url=https://www.rt.com/russia/509996-moscow-nagorno-karabakh-truce/ |access-date=18 December 2020 |agency=RT |date=17 December 2020}}</ref> == See also == '
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[ 0 => 'On 22 November 2020 President of Russia Vladimir Putin said that from the point of view of the international law Nagorno-Karabakh is a part of Azerbaijan. Vladimir Putin's Press Secretary [[Dmitry Peskov]] stated that Russia, the same as other countries, did not change its position on the status of Nagorno-Karabakh, and the ownership of this territory is determined by the resolutions of the UN Security Council. According to Peskov, there was "no one in charge" in Karabakh, and Russia coordinates its activities in the region with two parties to the conflict, Azerbaijan and Armenia.<ref>{{cite news |title=Песков подтвердил позицию России по статусу Карабаха |url=https://iz.ru/1095876/2020-12-04/peskov-podtverdil-pozitciiu-rossii-po-statusu-karabakha |access-date=6 December 2020 |agency=Известия |date=4 December 2020}}</ref> President Vladimir Putin reiterated his stance at the annual press conference on December 17, stating that international law recognizes Nagorno-Karabakh as part of Azerbaijan, and that Russia always held the position that seven occupied districts around Nagorno-Karabakh should be returned to Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Moscow-brokered Nagorno-Karabakh truce vital for preserving life & stopping bloodshed in disputed region, says Putin |url=https://www.rt.com/russia/509996-moscow-nagorno-karabakh-truce/ |access-date=18 December 2020 |agency=RT |date=17 December 2020}}</ref>' ]
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[ 0 => 'On 22 November 2020 President of Russia Vladimir Putin said that from the point of view of the international law Nagorno-Karabakh is a part of Azerbaijan. Vladimir Putin's Press Secretary [[Dmitry Peskov]] stated that Russia, the same as other countries, did not change its position on the status of Nagorno-Karabakh, and the ownership of this territory is determined by the resolutions of the UN Security Council. According to Peskov, there was "no one in charge" in Karabakh, and Russia coordinates its activities in the region with two parties to the conflict, Azerbaijan and Armenia.<ref>{{cite news |title=Песков подтвердил позицию России по статусу Карабаха |url=https://iz.ru/1095876/2020-12-04/peskov-podtverdil-pozitciiu-rossii-po-statusu-karabakha |access-date=6 December 2020 |agency=Известия |date=4 December 2020}}</ref>' ]
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Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node)
false
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp)
1608287301
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:AbuseLog/28423237"