View source for 皇

{{character info}}
==Translingual==
{{stroke order|strokes=9}}
{{stroke order|type=jbw|strokes=9}}

===Han character===
{{Han char|rn=106|rad=白|as=04|sn=9|four=26104|canj=HAMG|ids=⿱白王}}

====Derived characters====
* {{l|mul|[[喤]], [[堭]], [[媓]], [[崲]], [[徨]], [[惶]], [[揘]], [[湟]], [[隍]], [[𣈷]], [[楻]], [[煌]], [[瑝]], [[遑]], [[䄓]], [[䅣]], [[䊗]], [[𬗬]], [[艎]], [[蝗]], [[諻]]([[𬤍]]), [[䞹]], [[鍠]]([[锽]]), [[韹]], [[䬖]], [[餭]]([[𫗮]]), [[騜]]([[𫘩]]), [[鰉]]([[鳇]]), [[䑟]], [[皝]], [[皩]], [[䳨]]([[𬸛]]), [[葟]], [[篁]], [[凰]], [[𡈁]], [[㾮]]}}

====References====
{{Han ref|kx=0786.140|dkj=22701|dj=1201.140|hdz=42645.010|uh=7687}}

==Chinese==
{{zh-forms|alt=𤽙,𤽚,𤽢,𤽧,𦤃,𦤍,𦤐}}

===Glyph origin===
{{Han etym}}
{{liushu|p}} ― a lit oil lamp. The derivative {{och-l|煌}} refers to the original word.

Later developed into a {{Han compound|白|王|ls=psc|c1=s|c2=p|t1=flame|nocap=y}}.

===Etymology===
{{zh-ref|Bodman (1980)}} proposes a connection with {{och-l|王|tr=*ɢʷaŋ}} "king" (see there for more information).

===Pronunciation===
{{zh-pron
|m=huáng
|m-s=huang2
|c=wong4
|h=pfs=fòng;gd=fong2
|md=huòng
|mn=ml,zp,tw:hông
|mn-t=uang5/huang5
|px=pt,xy:horng2
|w=sh:6waon
|mc=y
|oc=y
|cat=a,n,pn
}}

===Definitions===
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# {{zh-no-solo}} [[magnificent]]
# {{zh-no-solo}} [[emperor]]; [[sovereign]]; [[ruler]]; [[superior]]
# {{zh-no-solo}} [[royal]]; [[imperial]]; [[august]]
# {{surname|zh}}

===Compounds===
{{col3|zh|后皇|三皇五帝|娥皇|倉皇失措|堂堂皇皇|土皇帝|堂皇正大|倉皇|三皇|帝皇|人心皇皇|冠冕堂皇|倉皇無措|堂而皇之|張皇失措|張皇|二皇|倉倉皇皇|太皇太后|女皇|兒皇帝|人皇|唐明皇|富麗堂皇|保皇會|媧皇|太上皇|天皇|典雅堂皇|大皇|堂皇富麗|堂皇|典麗矞皇|國戚皇親|唐哉皇哉|上皇|先皇|皇叔|皇帝豆|皇親|皇儲|步武堂皇|燕啄皇孫|玉皇|皇城|玉皇大帝|秦皇島|皇家學會|東皇|末代皇帝|梁皇懺|皇邑|皇妣|皇陵|歎皇陵|教皇|梁皇寶懺|玉皇上帝|皇上|皇姑|皇族|沙皇|皇冠|皇恐灘|明治天皇|皇姑屯|皇朝|秦始皇|皇權|皇祖|泰皇|皇辟|皇邸|皇天|矞皇|皇都|皇考|皇威|皇靈|秦始皇陵|皇皇|皇州|皇覽|皇親國戚|皇舞|皇舅|皇綱|皇統|皇祖考|皇祖妣|皇矣|皇甫|皇極數|皇極|皇恩|皇帝|皇家|皇宮|皇室|皇太子|皇太后|皇天后土|皇墳|皇圖|皇位|皇輿|皇后|發皇|旁皇|汲汲皇皇|皇皇者華|羲皇上人|英皇|舊皇曆|鸞皇|鳳皇于蜚|羲皇|遹皇|馬師皇|老皇曆|西皇|聿皇|玉皇廟|偽皇|皇芮|皇鳩}}

===Descendants===
{{CJKV||おう|j2=こう|황|hoàng}}

===References===
* {{R:yue:Hanzi}}
* {{R:cpx:PHMZ|94}}

==Japanese==

===Kanji===
{{ja-kanji|grade=6|rs=白04}}

====Readings====
{{ja-readings
|goon=おう<わう
|kanon=こう<くわう
|kun=きみ-, すめ-, すべ, すめら, すべら, すべらぎ-, すめらぎ-
}}

====Compounds====
* {{ja-r|皇子|みこ}}
* {{ja-r|皇女|みこ}}

===Etymology 1===
{{ja-kanjitab|こう|yomi=kanon}}
{{IPAchar|/kʷau/}} → {{IPAchar|/kʷɔː/}} → {{IPAchar|/kɔː/}} → {{IPAchar|/koː/}}

From {{der|ja|ltc|sort=こう|-}} {{ltc-l|皇}}.

The {{m|ja|漢音|tr=kan'on|lit=[[Han]] [[sound]]}} pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing from {{cog|ltc|-}}.

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|こう}}

====Affix====
{{ja-pos|affix|こう|hhira=くわう}}

# [[Creator]]
# [[monarch]], [[ruler]], [[sovereign]]
# [[emperor]], [[mikado]], [[tenno]]
# [[Japan]], [[Japanese]]

=====Derived terms=====
{{der-top4}}
* {{ja-r|皇%位|こう%い}}
* {{ja-r|皇%威|こう%い}}
* {{ja-r|皇%胤|こう%いん}}
* {{ja-r|皇%運|こう%うん}}
* {{ja-r|皇%裔|こう%えい}}
* {{ja-r|皇%恩|こう%おん}}
* {{ja-r|皇%化|こう%か}}
* {{ja-r|皇%家|こう%か}}
* {{ja-r|皇%華|こう%か}}
* {{ja-r|皇%学|こう%がく}}
* {{ja-r|皇%嘉%門|^こう%か%もん}}
* {{ja-r|皇%漢|^こう%かん}}
* {{ja-r|皇%侃|^こう%かん}}
* {{ja-r|皇%基|こう%き}}
* {{ja-r|皇%紀|^こう%き}}
* {{ja-r|皇%宮|こう%きゅう}}
* {{ja-r|皇%居|こう%きょ}}
* {{ja-r|皇%宮|こう%ぐう}}
* {{ja-r|皇%軍|こう%ぐん}}
* {{ja-r|皇%系|こう%けい}}
* {{ja-r|皇%継|こう%けい}}
* {{ja-r|皇%闕|こう%けつ}}
* {{ja-r|皇%后|こう%ごう}}
* {{ja-r|皇%后%宮|こう%ごう%ぐう}}
* {{ja-r|皇%考|こう%こう}}
* {{ja-r|皇%国|こう%こく}}
* {{ja-r|皇%嗣|こう%し}}
* {{ja-r|皇%子|こう%し}}
* {{ja-r|皇%師|こう%し}}
* {{ja-r|皇%室|こう%しつ}}
* {{ja-r|皇%寿|こう%じゅ}}
* {{ja-r|皇%女|こう%じょ}}
* {{ja-r|皇%上|こう%じょう}}
* {{ja-r|皇%城|こう%じょう}}
* {{ja-r|皇%庶%子|こう%しょ%し}}
* {{ja-r|皇%親|こう%しん}}
* {{ja-r|皇%曽%孫|こう%そう%そん}}
* {{ja-r|皇%籍|こう%せき}}
* {{ja-r|皇%祖|こう%そ}}
* {{ja-r|皇%祚|こう%そ}}
* {{ja-r|皇%宗|こう%そう}}
* {{ja-r|皇%族|こう%ぞく}}
* {{ja-r|皇%祖%考|こう%そ%こう}}
* {{ja-r|皇%祖%妣|こう%そ%ひ}}
* {{ja-r|皇%孫|こう%そん}}
* {{ja-r|皇%太%后|こう%たい%ごう}}
* {{ja-r|皇%太%子|こう%たい%し}}
* {{ja-r|皇%大%神|^こう%たい%じん}}
* {{ja-r|皇%太%孫|こう%たい%そん}}
* {{ja-r|皇%太弟|こう%たいてい}}
* {{ja-r|皇%太%妃|こう%たい%ひ}}
* {{ja-r|皇%太%夫%人|こう%たい%ふ%じん}}
* {{ja-r|皇%沢|こう%たく}}
* {{ja-r|皇%儲|こう%ちょ}}
* {{ja-r|皇%張|こう%ちょう}}
* {{ja-r|皇%朝|^こう%ちょう}}
* {{ja-r|皇%長%子|こう%ちょう%し}}
* {{ja-r|皇%帝|こう%てい}}
* {{ja-r|皇%弟|こう%てい}}
* {{ja-r|皇%天|こう%てん}}
* {{ja-r|皇%典|こう%てん}}
* {{ja-r|皇%図|こう%と}}
* {{ja-r|皇%土|こう%ど}}
* {{ja-r|皇%都|こう%と}}
* {{ja-r|皇%統|こう%とう}}
* {{ja-r|皇%道|こう%どう}}
* {{ja-r|皇%妃|こう%ひ}}
* {{ja-r|皇%妣|こう%ひ}}
* {{ja-r|皇%風|こう%ふう}}
* {{ja-r|皇%別|こう%べつ}}
* {{ja-r|皇%謨|こう%ぼ}}
* {{ja-r|皇%民|こう%みん}}
* {{ja-r|皇%猶%子|こう%ゆう%し}}
* {{ja-r|皇%輿|こう%よ}}
* {{ja-r|皇%陵|こう%りょう}}
* {{ja-r|皇%霊|こう%れい}}
* {{ja-r|教%皇|きょう%こう}}
* {{ja-r|三%皇|^さん%こう}}
* {{ja-r|上%皇|じょう%こう}}
* {{ja-r|女%皇|じょ%こう}}
* {{ja-r|先%皇|せん%こう}}
* {{ja-r|倉%皇|そう%こう}}
* {{ja-r|地%皇|^ち%こう}}
* {{ja-r|張%皇|ちょう%こう}}
* {{ja-r|儲%皇|ちょ%こう}}
* {{ja-r|天%皇|^てん%こう}}
{{der-bottom}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|こう|hhira=くわう}}

# {{given name|ja|unisex|sort=こう}}

===Etymology 2===
{{ja-kanjitab|おう|yomi=goon}}
{{IPAchar|/wau/}} → {{IPAchar|/wɔː/}} → {{IPAchar|/ɔː/}} → {{IPAchar|/oː/}}

From {{der|ja|ltc|sort=おう|-}} {{ltc-l|皇}}.

The {{m|ja|呉音|tr=goon|lit=[[Wu]] [[sound]]}} pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|おう}}

====Affix====
{{ja-pos|affix|おう|hhira=わう}}

# [[emperor]], [[mikado]], [[tenno]]

=====Derived terms=====
{{der-top3}}
* {{ja-r|皇%侃|^おう%がん}}
* {{ja-r|皇%帝|^おう%だい}}
* {{ja-r|皇%子|おう%じ}}
* {{ja-r|皇%女|おう%じょ}}
* {{ja-r|皇%城|おう%じょう}}
* {{ja-r|皇%麞|^おう%じょう}}
* {{ja-r|教%皇|きょう%おう}}
* {{ja-r|先%皇|せん%おう}}
* {{ja-r|法%皇|ほう%おう}}
* {{ja-r|勤%皇|きん%のう}}
* {{ja-r|人%皇|じん%のう}}
* {{ja-r|新%皇|しん%のう}}
* {{ja-r|先%皇|せん%のう}}
* {{ja-r|尊%皇|そん%のう}}
* {{ja-r|天%皇|てん%のう}}
* {{ja-r|人%皇|にん%のう}}
{{der-bottom}}

===Etymology 3===
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|すべ}}

{{IPAchar|/sume/}} → {{IPAchar|/sube/}}

From {{inh|ja|ojp|sort=すべ|-}}, as a shift from older ''sume''.<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref>

Previously thought to be derived as the {{m|ja|連用形|tr=ren'yōkei|pos=stem or continuative form}} of {{inh|ja|ojp|sort=すべ|-}} verb {{m|ja|統ぶ|tr=subu}}, modern {{m|ja|統べる|tr=suberu||to [[control]], to [[govern]], to [[rule]]}}.  However, later research into {{w|Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai|ancient phonetic spellings}} clarified that the ''be'' portion of the verb was realized as {{IPAfont|⟨be<sub>2</sub>⟩}}.  During the Old Japanese stage, {{IPAfont|⟨be<sub>2</sub>⟩}} could only have derived phonetically from {{IPAfont|⟨me<sub>2</sub>⟩}}, and not from the {{IPAfont|⟨me<sub>1</sub>⟩}} syllable of the noun.<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref>

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|すべ}}

====Prefix====
{{ja-pos|prefix|すべ}}

# {{lb|ja|archaic|sort=すべ}} {{n-g|prefix of [[praise]] and [[respect]], usually towards {{m|ja|神|tr=[[kami]]||[[Shinto]] [[deity|deities]]}} or {{m|ja|天皇|tr=tennō||[[emperor|Emperor]] or [[empress regnant|Empress (regnant)]] of [[Japan]]}}:}}
## [[divine]], [[godly]], [[heavenly]]
## [[imperial]], [[royal]], [[august]]

=====Derived terms=====
* {{ja-r|皇神|すべがみ}}
* {{ja-r|天皇|すべらぎ}}

===Etymology 4===
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|すめ}}
{{IPAfont|⟨sume<sub>1</sub>⟩}} → *{{IPAchar|/sumʲe/}} → {{IPAchar|/sume/}}

From {{inh|ja|ojp|sort=すめ|-}}.  Appears to be the older form.<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref>

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|すめ}}

====Prefix====
{{ja-pos|prefix|すめ}}

# {{lb|ja|archaic|sort=すめ}} {{n-g|prefix of [[praise]] and [[respect]], usually towards {{m|ja|神|tr=[[kami]]||[[Shinto]] [[deity|deities]]}} or {{m|ja|天皇|tr=tennō||[[emperor|Emperor]] or [[empress regnant|Empress (regnant)]] of [[Japan]]}}:}}
## [[divine]], [[godly]], [[heavenly]]
## [[imperial]], [[royal]], [[august]]

=====Derived terms=====
{{der-top3}}
* {{ja-r|すめいろと}}
* {{ja-r|皇%大神|^すめ%-おおかみ}}
* {{ja-r|皇神|すめがみ|rom=sumegami}}
* {{ja-r|皇%御%祖|すめ%み%おや}}
* {{ja-r|皇子|すめみこ}}
* {{ja-r|皇%御孫|すめ%みま|rom=-}}, {{ja-r|皇孫|すめみま}}
{{der-bottom}}

===Etymology 5===
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|すべら}}

From the prefix {{prefix|ja|皇|tr1=sube-|pos1=see above|等|tr2=-ra|pos2=nominalizing and pluralizing suffix}}.

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|すべら}}

====Prefix====
{{ja-pos|prefix|すべら}}

# {{lb|ja|archaic|sort=すべら}} {{n-g|prefix of [[praise]] and [[respect]], usually towards {{m|ja|神|tr=[[kami]]||[[Shinto]] [[deity|deities]]}} or {{m|ja|天皇|tr=tennō||[[emperor|Emperor]] or [[empress regnant|Empress (regnant)]] of [[Japan]]}}:}}
## [[divine]], [[godly]], [[heavenly]]
## [[imperial]], [[royal]], [[august]]

=====Derived terms=====
* {{ja-r|皇%神|すべら%がみ}}
* {{ja-r|天皇|すべらぎ}}

===Etymology 6===
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|すめら}}

From the prefix {{prefix|ja|皇|tr1=sume-|pos=see above|等|tr2=-ra|pos2=nominalizing and pluralizing suffix}}.

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|すめら}}

====Prefix====
{{ja-pos|prefix|すめら}}

# {{lb|ja|archaic|sort=すめら}} {{n-g|prefix of [[praise]] and [[respect]], usually towards {{m|ja|神|tr=[[kami]]||[[Shinto]] [[deity|deities]]}} or {{m|ja|天皇|tr=tennō||[[emperor|Emperor]] or [[empress regnant|Empress (regnant)]] of [[Japan]]}}:}}
## [[divine]], [[godly]], [[heavenly]]
## [[imperial]], [[royal]], [[august]]

=====Derived terms=====
{{der-top3}}
* {{ja-r|天皇|すめらぎ}}
* {{ja-r|皇%御軍|すめら%みくさ}}
* {{ja-r|皇%御%国|すめら%み%くに}}
* {{ja-r|天皇|すめらみこと|rom=-}}, {{ja-r|皇尊|すめらみこと}}
{{der-bottom}}

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|すめら}}

# {{given name|ja|female|sort=すめら}}

===Etymology 7===
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|すべらぎ|alt=天皇}}
{{IPAchar|/sumeraɡi/}} → {{IPAchar|/suberaɡi/}}

Shift from ''sumeragi'' below, with the nasal {{IPAchar|/m/}} becoming a plosive {{IPAchar|/b/}}.

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|すべらぎ}}

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|すべらぎ}}

# {{lb|ja|archaic|sort=すへらき}} a [[term of address]] for an [[emperor|Emperor]] or [[empress regnant|Empress (regnant)]] of [[Japan]]

=====Derived terms=====
* {{ja-r|皇の花|すべらぎ の はな}}
* {{ja-r|今 皇|いま すべらぎ}}
* {{ja-r|法の皇|のり の すべらぎ}}

===Etymology 8===
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|すめらぎ|alt=天皇}}
{{IPAfont|⟨sume<sub>1</sub>ro<sub>2</sub>ki<sub>1</sub>⟩}} → *{{IPAchar|/sumʲerəkʲi/}} → *{{IPAchar|/sumeraki/}} → {{IPAchar|/sumeraɡi/}}

Possibly a shift from {{inh|ja|ojp|天皇|tr=sume<sub>1</sub>ro<sub>2</sub>ki<sub>1</sub>}}.

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|すめらぎ}}

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|すめらぎ}}

# {{lb|ja|archaic}} a [[term of address]] for an [[emperor|Emperor]] or [[empress regnant|Empress (regnant)]] of [[Japan]]

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|すめらぎ}}

# {{given name|ja|female|sort=すめらぎ}}
# {{surname|ja|sort=すめらぎ}}

===Etymology 9===
Various {{ja-glossary|nanori}} readings.

====Proper noun====
{{ja-pos|proper|きみ}}

# {{given name|ja|female|sort=きみ}}

{{ja-pos|proper|きらり}}

# {{given name|ja|female|sort=きらり}}

{{ja-pos|proper|ただす}}

# {{given name|ja|unisex|sort=ただす}}

{{ja-pos|proper|みゆき}}

# {{given name|ja|female|sort=みゆき}}

===References===
<references/>

==Korean==

===Etymology 1===
From {{der|ko|ltc|-}} {{ltc-l|皇|id=1}}.

{{collapse|
* {{hanja-dongguk|ᅘᅪᇰ|hhwang}}
* {{hanja-hunmong|화ᇰ|hwang|人類#중01A}}
|Historical readings
|bg=#FFFFFF}}

====Pronunciation====
{{ko-hanja-pron|황}}

====Hanja====
{{ko-hanja-search}}
{{ko-hanja|임금|황}}

# {{hanja form of|황|[[king]]; [[monarch]]; [[ruler]]}}

====Compounds====
{{der-top3|Compounds}}
* {{ko-l|황후|皇后}}
* {{ko-l|황제|皇帝}}
* {{ko-l|천황|天皇}}
* {{ko-l|교황|敎皇}}
* {{ko-l|황태후|皇太后}}
* {{ko-l|태황태후|太皇太后}}
{{der-bottom}}

===Etymology 2===
From {{der|ko|ltc|-}} {{zh-l|*皇}}.

{{collapse|
* {{hanja-dongguk|와ᇰ|wang}}
|Historical readings
|bg=#FFFFFF}}

====Hanja====
{{ko-hanja|엄숙하다|엄숙할|왕}}

# {{lb|ko|archaic}} {{hanja form of|왕|to be [[solemn]]}}
#* {{quote-book|ko|year=1567|title={{lw|ko|선조소경대왕실록|tr=-}} ({{lang|ko|宣祖昭敬大王實錄}})|section={{lw|ko|s:선조소경대왕실록/즉위년#10月 1日|즉위년 십월|tr=-}} ({{lang|ko|卽位年 十月}})|text=[[卿]][[之]][[下]][[去]], [[適]][[在]]'''[[皇]][[皇]]'''[[罔]][[極]][[之]][[中]], [[未]][[及]][[察]][[之]]。|tr={{ko-l|[[경]][[지]][[하]][[거]], [[적]][[재]]'''[[왕]][[왕]]'''[[망]][[극]][[지]][[중]], [[미]][[급]][[찰]][[지]].}}|translation=The noble official descended, heads towards '''solemnness''' that is boundless in the middle, not able to investigate it.}}

===References===
* {{R:hanjadoc|7878}}

==Vietnamese==

===Han character===
{{vi-readings|rs=白04
|hanviet=hoàng-tdcntd;gdhn;bonet;genibrel, huỳnh-bonet;genibrel
|phienthiet=胡光 hồ quang
|nom=hoàng-tdcntd;bonet;taberd, huỳnh-bonet
}}

# {{vi-Han form of|hoàng|[[emperor]]}}

====Compounds====
{{der3|vi
|{{vi-l|三皇五帝|Tam Hoàng Ngũ Đế}}
|{{vi-l|俄皇|Nga hoàng}}
|{{vi-l|堂皇|đàng hoàng}}
|{{vi-l|天皇|thiên hoàng}}
|{{vi-l|太皇太后|thái hoàng thái hậu}}
|{{vi-l|女皇|nữ hoàng}}
|{{vi-l|婆皇|bà hoàng}}
|{{vi-l|教皇|giáo hoàng}}
|{{vi-l|日皇|Nhật hoàng}}
|{{vi-l|沙皇|sa hoàng}}
|{{vi-l|玉皇|Ngọc Hoàng}}
|{{vi-l|皇上|hoàng_thượng}}
|{{vi-l|皇后|hoàng hậu}}
|{{vi-l|皇太后|hoàng thái hậu}}
|{{vi-l|皇子|hoàng tử}}
|{{vi-l|皇家|hoàng gia}}
|{{vi-l|皇帝|hoàng_đế}}
|{{vi-l|皇族|hoàng tộc}}
}}

===References===
<references/>