View source for mace

{{also|Appendix:Variations of "mace"}}
==English==
{{wikipedia|Mace}}

[[Image:Sporran_003.jpg|thumb|right|A drum major carrying a mace (3).]]

===Pronunciation===
: {{sense|etymologies 1-3 (club, spice, tear gas)}}
* {{IPA|en|/meɪs/|a=RP}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-mace.ogg|a=US}}
* {{rhymes|en|eɪs|s=1}}

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|en|enm|mace}}, borrowed from {{der|en|fro|mace}}, {{m|fro|mache}}, from {{der|en|VL.|matia|*mattia}}, {{m|la|matia|*mattea}}, {{m|la|matia}}, (compare {{cog|it|mazza}}, {{cog|es|maza}}), probably from {{der|en|gmw-pro|*mattjō|t=cutting tool, hoe}}.

====Noun====
{{en-noun}}

# A heavy fighting [[club]].<!-- examples of which are known from having a [[wooden]], metal-[[reinforce]]d or metal [[shaft]] and an iron or steel head ........ needs additions and refining -->
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1786|author=Francis Grose|title=A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons|page=51
|passage=The '''Mace''' is an ancient weapon, formerly much used by cavalry of all nations, and likewise by ecclesiastics, who in consequence of their tenures, frequently took the field, but were by a canon of the church forbidden to wield the sword.}}
# A [[ceremonial]] form of this weapon.
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Henry 5|4|1|line=259|passage=I am a king that find thee; and I know 'Tis not the balm, the sceptre, and the ball, The sword, the '''mace''', the crown imperial, The intertissued robe of gold and pearl}}
# A long [[baton]] used by some [[drum major]]s to keep [[time]] and lead a marching band. If this baton is referred to as a mace, by convention it has a ceremonial often decorative head, which, if of metal, usually is hollow and sometimes intricately [[worked]].
# An [[officer]] who carries a mace as a token of [[authority]].
#* {{RQ:Macaulay History of England|passage=On the left were the Commons with their Speaker, attended by the '''mace'''. The southern door opened: and the Prince and Princess of Orange, side by side, entered, and took their place under the canopy of state.}}
# A knobbed [[mallet]] used by [[currier]]s to make leather [[supple]] when [[dress]]ing it.
#* {{quote-book|en|passage=In the foreground one man uses the "head knife” to work over the skin on the beam, while another softens a skin with the currier's '''mace'''.|year=1967|author=Harold B. Gill; Raymond R. Townsend; Thomas K. Ford|title=The Leatherworker in Eighteenth-Century Williamsburg}}
# {{lb|en|archaic}} A [[billiard]] [[cue]].

=====Derived terms=====
{{der2|en|mace-bearer|mace head|sergeant at mace|reedmace}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|weapon}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|دَبُّوس|m}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|գուրզ}}, {{t+|hy|լախտ}}
*: Old Armenian: {{t|xcl|վարզ}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t|az|toppuz}}
* Bashkir: {{t|ba|күҫәк}}, {{t|ba|суҡмар}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|булава́|f}}, {{t|be|па́ліца|f}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|боздуга́н|m}}, {{t+|bg|топу́з|m}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|maça|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|錘|tr=chuí}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|palcát|m}}
* Danish: {{t-needed|da}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|strijdknots|f}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|rautanuija}}
* French: {{t+|fr|masse|f}}, {{t+|fr|masse d'armes|f}}
* Galician: {{t|gl|maza|f}}
* German: {{t+|de|Streitkolben|m}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|απελατίκι|n}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|κορύνη|f}}
*: Byzantine Greek: {{t|grc|ἀπελατίκιν|n}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|אלה|f}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|buzogány}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|gada}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|más|m}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|mazza|f}}, {{t+|it|mazza d'armi|f}}
* Japanese: {{t|ja|メイス|tr=meisu|sc=Jpan}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|бұздыған}}
* Korean: {{t|ko|메이스}}
* Latgalian: {{t|ltg|škynda}}
* Latin: {{t|la|clava ferrea|f}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|vāle}}
* Lithuanian: {{t|lt|buožė}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|боздоган|m}}, {{t|mk|топуз|m}}
* Malay: {{t|ms|cokmar}}
* Malayalam: {{t+|ml|ഗദ}}
* Maltese: {{t|mt|debbus|m}}, {{t|mt|mazza|f}}
* Nepali: {{t+|ne|गढ|sc=Deva}}
* Ottoman Turkish: {{t|ota|طوپوز|m|tr=topuz}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|گرز|tr=gorz}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|buzdygan|m}}, {{t+|pl|maczuga|f}}, {{t+|pl|buława|f}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|maça|f}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|buzdugan|n}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|булава́|f}}, {{t+|ru|па́лица|f}}
* Sanskrit: {{t+|sa|गदा|f}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|буздо̀ва̄н|m}}, {{t|sh|то̀пуз|m}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|buzdòvān|m}}, {{t+|sh|tòpuz|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|maza|f}}, {{t|es|maza de armas|f}}
* Sundanese: {{t|su|gegendir}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|klubba|c}}
* Tajik: {{t|tg|гурз}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|topuz}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|па́лиця|f}}, {{t+|uk|булава́|f}}
* Uzbek: {{t+|uz|gurzi}}
* Welsh: {{t|cy|byrllysg|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|ceremonial form of this weapon}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|жезъл|m}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|maça|f}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|žezlo|n}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|marssisauva}}, {{t+|fi|sauva}}, {{t|fi|virkasauva}}
* French: {{t+|fr|masse|f}}
* German: {{t|de|Amtsstab|m}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|jogar}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|gada}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|mazza|f}}
* Japanese: {{t|ja|メイス|tr=meisu|sc=Jpan}}
* Latin: {{t|la|matia|f}} {{qualifier|Mediaeval}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|жезол|m}}, {{t|mk|жезло|n}}
* Malay: {{t|ms|cokmar}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|buława|f}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|maça|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|жезл|m}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|жѐзло|n}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|žèzlo|n}}
* Welsh: {{t|cy|byrllysg|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====Verb====
{{en-verb}}

# To hit someone or something with a [[mace#English|mace]].

=====See also=====
* {{l|en|bludgeon}}
* {{l|en|celt}}
* {{l|en|twirling baton}}
* {{l|en|warclub}}

===Etymology 2===
From {{inh|en|enm|-}}, from re-interpretation of {{m|enm|macys}} as a plural (as with {{m|en|pea}}); from {{der|en|la|macir}}. {{doublet|en|macir}}.

====Noun====
{{en-noun|-}}

# {{senseid|en|spice}} A [[spice]] obtained from the outer layer of the [[kernel]] of the fruit of the [[nutmeg]].
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Winter's Tale|IV|III|line=45|text=I must have saffron to color the warden pies; '''mace'''; dates, none -- that's out of my note; nutmegs, seven; a race or two of ginger, but that I may beg; four pounds of prunes, and as many of raisins o' th' sun.}}

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|ja|メース|tr=meisu|bor=1}}
* {{desc|ko|메이스|bor=1}}
* {{desc|mi|meihi|bor=1}}
* {{desc|cy|mês|bor=1}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|a spice}}
* Afrikaans: {{t|af|foelie}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|قِشْرَةُ جَوْزِ الطِيبِ|f}}, {{t|ar|بَسْبَاس|m}}
* Armenian: {{t-needed|hy}}
* Assamese: {{t-needed|as}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t-needed|az}}
* Bengali: {{t-needed|bn}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|мацис|m}}
* Catalan: {{t|ca|macís|m}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t-needed|cmn}}
* Czech: {{t|cs|muškátový květ|m}}
* Danish: {{t-needed|da}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|foelie}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|muskottikukka}}
* French: {{t+|fr|macis|m}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|macis|m}}
* German: {{t+|de|Macis|f}}
* Gondi: {{t-needed|gon}}
* Greek: {{t|el|μασίς|n}}
* Gujarati: {{t-needed|gu}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|जावित्री}}, {{t|hi|जावत्री}}
* Hungarian: {{t|hu|szerecsendió-virág}}
* Indonesian: {{t|id|bunga pala}}
* Italian: {{t|it|macis|m|f}}
* Japanese: {{t|ja|メース|tr=meisu}}
* Javanese: {{t-needed|jv}}
* Kannada: {{t|kn|ಜಾಪತ್ರೆ}}
* Kolami: {{t-needed|kfb}}
* Korean: {{t|ko|메이스}}
* Maithili: {{t|mai|जापत्री}}
* Malay: {{t|ms|bunga pala}}, {{t|ms|kembang pala}}
* Malayalam: {{t-needed|ml}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|meihi}}
* Marwari: {{t|mwr|जावंतरी}}
* Middle English: {{t|enm|macys}}
* Mundari: {{t-needed|unr}}
* Nihali: {{t-needed|nll}}
* Odia: {{t-needed|or}}
* Parenga: {{t-needed|pcj}}
* Persian: {{t|fa|پوست جوز هندی|tr=pust-e jowz-e hendi}}
* Portuguese: {{t|pt|macis|m}}
* Punjabi: {{t-needed|pa}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|ма́цис|m}}, {{t+|ru|муска́тный цвет|m}}
* Santali: {{t-needed|sat}}
* Serbo-Croatian: {{t|sh|muškatni cvijet|m}}, {{t|sh|macis|m}}
* Slovene: {{t|sl|muškatni cvet|m}}
* Sora: {{t-needed|srb}}
* Spanish: {{t|es|macis|f}}
* Swedish: {{t|sv|muskotblomma|c}}
* Tamil: {{t+|ta|சாதிக்காய்}}, {{t|ta|ஜாதிக்காய்}}
* Telugu: {{t-needed|te}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|topuz}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|ма́цис|m}}, {{t|uk|муска́тний цвіт|m}}, {{t|uk|муска́тний квіт|m}}
* Urdu: {{t|ur|جاوتری|tr=jāvitrī, jāvatrī}}
* Welsh: {{t|cy|mês|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Etymology 3===
From the name of one brand of the spray, {{m|en|Mace}}. Pepper spray may be derived from [[cayenne pepper]], but not from mace (etymology 2 above), which is a different spice; rather, it was named after the weapon (etymology 1).

====Noun====
{{en-noun|~}}

# [[tear gas|Tear gas]] or [[pepper spray]], especially for personal use.
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Michael Levenson|title=Self-Proclaimed Proud Boys Member Gets 10 Years for Violence at Portland Protests|work=The New York Times|date=2021-12-10|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/10/us/proud-boys-alan-swinney-sentenced.html|issn=0362-4331|passage={{...|A self-professed member of the Proud Boys from Texas who traveled to Portland, Ore., to confront protesters there last year}} was sentenced on Friday to 10 years in prison for shooting a man in the eye with a paintball gun, spraying people in the face with bear '''mace''' and aiming a loaded handgun at a crowd, prosecutors said.}}

=====Translations=====
{{trans-top|tear gas and pepper spray}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|pippurisumute}}
* Japanese: {{t|ja|メイス|tr=meisu|sc=Jpan}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|слезоточи́вый газ|m}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|pepparsprej|c}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====Verb====
{{en-verb}}

# To spray in defense or attack with mace ([[pepper spray]] or [[tear gas]]) using a hand-held device.
# {{lb|en|informal}} To spray a similar noxious chemical in defense or attack using an available hand-held device such as an aerosol [[spray can]].
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1989|author=Carl Hiaasen|title=Skin Tight|publisher=Ballantine Books|location=New York|chapter=22
|passage=When Reynaldo and Willie had burst into Larkey's drug store to confront him, the old man had '''maced''' Willie square in the eyes with an aerosol can of spermicidal birth-control foam.}}

===Etymology 4===
Borrowed from {{bor|en|jv|}} and {{bor|en|ms|}}, meaning "a bean".

====Noun====
{{en-noun}}

# An old [[money of account]] in [[China]] equal to one tenth of a [[tael]].
# An old [[weight]] of 57.98 [[grain]]s, approximately 3.8 [[gram]]s.
#: {{syn|en|chee|tsien}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=1883|author=Samuel Wells Williams|title=The Middle Kingdom: A Survey of the Geography, Government, Education, Social Life, Arts, Religion, &c., of the Chinese Empire and Its Inhabitants
|passage=The decimals of the tael, called '''mace''', candareen, and cash (tsien, fǎn, and li) , are employed in reckoning bullion.}}

===References===
* {{R:Webster 1913}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=acem|ACME|Acme|ECMA|EMAC|acme|came|eMac}}

[[Category:Hong Kong English]]
{{cln|en|genericized trademarks}}
{{c|en|Magnoliids|Spices|Weapons}}

==Albanian==

===Alternative forms===
* {{l|sq|maçe}}
* {{l|aln|mac}} {{i|eastern Gheg}}
* {{l|sq|macë}}

===Etymology===
Alternative variant of {{l|sq|macë||cat}},<ref>{{R:sq:Orel|page=239}}</ref> ultimately derived from {{der|sq|sla-pro|*maca}}, likely an {{onomatopoeic|sq|nocap=1}} expression.<ref>{{R:sq:Omari|page=189}}</ref>

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|sq|/mat͡sɛ/}} {{i|Standard}}
* {{IPA|sq|/mãːt͡s/|/mõːt͡s/|}} {{i|eastern Gheg}}

===Noun===
{{sq-noun|f|máce|mácja|mácet|head=máce}}

# {{lb|sq|zoology}} [[cat]]
# {{lb|sq|figurative|derogatory}} [[belligerent]], [[wild]] [[woman]]

====Declension====
{{sq-noun-f|mac|e|ja}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|sq|macë|g=f}}
* {{l|sq|mackë|g=f}}
* {{l|sq|maç|g=m}}
* {{l|sq|maçok|g=m}}

====See also====
* {{l|sq|dac}}

===Noun===
{{head|sq|noun form}}

# {{infl of|sq|macë||indef|dat//abl|s}}

===References===
<references/>

===Further reading===
* [https://fjalorthi.com/mace] noun ''mace/máce'' (cat) • Fjalor Shqip (Albanian Dictionary)

{{C|sq|Animals}}

==Galician==

===Verb===
{{head|gl|verb form}}

# {{gl-verb form of|mazar}}

==Hausa==

===Etymology===
Derived from {{m|ha|mā̀tā}} through an adverbial form.

===Pronunciation===
* {{ha-IPA|màcḕ}}

===Noun===
{{ha-noun|f|màcḕ|mātā}}

# [[woman]]
# [[female]]

====Usage notes====
The possessed form may be seen as derogatory or ungrammatical by many speakers, and is often replaced by {{m|ha|mā̀tar̃}}, the possessed form of {{m|ha|mā̀tā}}.

==Middle English==

===Etymology 1===
From {{bor|enm|fro|mace}}, from {{der|enm|VL.|*mattia}}, {{m|la|*mattea}}, probably from {{der|enm|la|mateola|t=hoe}}.

====Alternative forms====
* {{alter|enm|maas|masse|mase|maiis}}

====Pronunciation====
* {{IPA|enm|/ˈmaːs(ə)/}}

====Noun====
{{enm-noun|pl=maces}}

# {{senseid|enm|mace}} A [[war]] [[club]] or {{l|en|mace}}.
# A club used for ceremonial purposes or as part of regalia.

=====Related terms=====
* {{l|enm|macer}}

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|en|mace}}
* {{desc|sco|mace}}

=====References=====
* {{R:MED Online|entry=māce |pos=n |id=MED27021 |accessdate=2018-04-27}}

===Etymology 2===

====Noun====
{{head|enm|noun}}

# {{alt form|enm|macys}}

===Etymology 3===

====Noun====
{{head|enm|noun}}

# {{alternative form of|enm|masse}}

{{c|enm|Weapons}}

==Old French==

===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|fro|VL.|*mattia}}, {{m|la|*mattea}}, itself probably derived from {{inh|fro|la|mateola|t=hoe}}.

====Noun====
{{fro-noun|f}}

# {{l|en|mace}} {{gloss|weapon}}

=====Alternative forms=====
* {{alter|fro|mache||Picardy}}

=====Descendants=====
* {{desc|fr|masse}}
* {{desctree|enm|mace|bor=1}}

===Etymology 2===
From {{der|fro|la|macir}}.

====Noun====
{{fro-noun|f}}

# {{l|en|mace}} {{gloss|spice}}

===References===
* {{R:Godefroy|supplement=1}}
* {{R:Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub}}

{{c|fro|Weapons}}

==Papuan Malay==

===Noun===
{{head|pmy|noun}}

# form of address for a woman
#: {{coord|pmy|pace}}

==Portuguese==

===Verb===
{{head|pt|verb form}}

# {{pt-verb form of|maçar}}

==Spanish==

===Verb===
{{head|es|verb form}}

# {{es-verb form of|mazar}}

==Taraon==

===Etymology===
Compare {{cog|clk|माची}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|mhu|/mɑ³¹tɕi⁵³/|a=Darang Deng}}

===Noun===
{{head|mhu|noun}}

# [[water]]

===References===
* Roger Blench, Mark Post, ''(De)classifying Arunachal languages: Reconstructing the evidence'' (2011) (as ''macey'')
* Jatan Pulu, ''A Phrase Book on Taraon Language'' (1991) (as ''mace'' or in running text often ''macẽ'')
* Huang Bufan (editor), Xu Shouchun, Chen Jiaying, Wan Huiyin, ''A Tibeto-Burman Lexicon'' (1992; Central Minorities University, Beijing)