surgical: difference between revisions

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===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From {{der|en|enm|cirurgical}}, borrowed from {{bor|en|frm|cirurgical}}, from {{der|en|ML.|cirurgicālis}}, ultimately from {{der|en|grc|χειρουργία}}, from {{m|grc|χείρ||hand}} + {{m|grc|ἔργον||work}}. Replaced Old English {{cog|ang|læce||doctor, physician}}. Cognate with {{cog|is|læknis||medical}}.
From {{der|en|enm|cirurgical}}, borrowed from {{bor|en|frm|cirurgical}}, from {{der|en|ML.|cirurgicālis}}, ultimately from {{der|en|grc|χειρουργία}}, from {{m|grc|χείρ||hand}} + {{m|grc|ἔργον||work}}. Replaced Old English {{cog|ang|læċe||doctor, physician}}. {{surf|en|surgery|-ical}}.


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{a|RP}} {{IPA|en|/ˈsɜːdʒɪkəl/}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈsɜːd͡ʒɪkəl/|a=RP}}
* {{a|GenAm}} {{IPA|en|/ˈsɝdʒɪkəl/}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈsɝd͡ʒɪkəl/|a=GenAm}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-surgical.ogg|Audio (US)}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-surgical.ogg|a=US}}


===Adjective===
===Adjective===
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# Of, relating to, used in, or resulting from [[surgery]].
# Of, relating to, used in, or resulting from [[surgery]].
#* {{quote-journal|1=en|year=2013|month=May-June|author=[http://www.americanscientist.org/authors/detail/charles-t-ambrose Charles T. Ambrose]|title=Alzheimer’s Disease|url=http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/feature/2013/3/alzheimerrsquos-disease-the-great-morbidity-of-the-21st-century|volume=101|issue=3|page=200|magazine=w:American Scientist|passage=Similar studies of rats have employed four different intracranial resorbable, slow sustained release systems—'''surgical''' foam, a thermal gel depot, a microcapsule or biodegradable polymer beads.|accessdate=23 June 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424010003/http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/feature/2013/3/alzheimerrsquos-disease-the-great-morbidity-of-the-21st-century|archivedate=24 April 2013}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|year=2013|month=May-June|author=[http://www.americanscientist.org/authors/detail/charles-t-ambrose Charles T. Ambrose]
|title=Alzheimer’s Disease
|url=http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/feature/2013/3/alzheimerrsquos-disease-the-great-morbidity-of-the-21st-century
|volume=101|issue=3|page=200|magazine={{w|American Scientist}}
|passage=Similar studies of rats have employed four different intracranial resorbable, slow sustained release systems—'''surgical''' foam, a thermal gel depot, a microcapsule or biodegradable polymer beads.}}
# {{lb|en|figuratively}} [[precise|Precise]] or very [[accurate]].
# {{lb|en|figuratively}} [[precise|Precise]] or very [[accurate]].
#: {{ux|en|The building was destroyed with a '''surgical''' air-strike.}}
#: {{ux|en|The building was destroyed with a '''surgical''' air-strike.}}
# {{lb|en|figuratively}} [[excruciatingly|Excruciatingly]] or [[wearyingly]] [[drawn-out]]


====Derived terms====
====Derived terms====
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|surgically
|surgically
|surgical procedure
|surgical procedure
|surgical spirit|cosmetic surgical|anatomicosurgical|antisurgical|cardiosurgical|chemosurgical|craniosurgical|cryosurgical|cybersurgical|dermasurgical|electrosurgical|extrasurgical|immunosurgical|intrasurgical|liposurgical|medicosurgical|microsurgical|nanosurgical|neurosurgical|nonsurgical|oncosurgical|otosurgical|perisurgical|phonosurgical|piezosurgical|polysurgical|postsurgical|presurgical|proctosurgical|psychosurgical|radiosurgical|rhinosurgical|surgicalist|surgicenter|telesurgical|unsurgical|viscosurgical|non-surgical|pre-surgical|surgical glove|surgical strike
|surgical spirit}}
|surgical abdomen|surgical mask|surgical stocking|surgical technologist}}


====Translations====
====Translations====
{{trans-top|of or relating to surgery}}
{{trans-top|of or relating to surgery}}
* Arabic: {{t|ar|جِرَاحِيّ}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|վիրաբուժական}}
* Asturian: {{t|ast|quirúrxicu}}
* Asturian: {{t|ast|quirúrxicu}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|хирурги́чески}}
* Catalan: {{t|ca|quirúrgic}}
* Catalan: {{t|ca|quirúrgic}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|chirurgický}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|chirurgický}}
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* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kirurginen}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kirurginen}}
* French: {{t+|fr|chirurgical}}
* French: {{t+|fr|chirurgical}}
* Galician: {{t|gl|cirúrxico}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|cirúrxico}}
* German: {{t+|de|chirurgisch}}
* German: {{t+|de|chirurgisch}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|χειρουργικός}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|χειρουργικός}}
{{trans-mid}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|kirurgiala}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|kirurgiala}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|máinliach}}, {{t|ga|máinliachta}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|máinliach}}, {{t|ga|máinliachta}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|chirurgico}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|chirurgico}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|hāparapara}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|hāparapara}}
* Occitan: {{t|oc|cirurgical}}
* Occitan: {{t+|oc|cirurgical}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|chirurgiczny}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|chirurgiczny}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|cirúrgico}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|cirúrgico}}
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* Spanish: {{t+|es|quirúrgico}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|quirúrgico}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|kirurgisk}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|kirurgisk}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|cerrahi}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|хірургі́чний}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|хірургі́чний}}
{{trans-bottom}}
{{trans-bottom}}
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* Estonian: {{t|et|[[kirurgilise]] [[täpsusega]]}}, {{t|et|[[väga]] [[täpne]]}}
* Estonian: {{t|et|[[kirurgilise]] [[täpsusega]]}}, {{t|et|[[väga]] [[täpne]]}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kirurginen}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kirurginen}}
{{trans-mid}}
* German: {{t+|de|chirurgisch}}
* German: {{t+|de|chirurgisch}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|mionchruinn}}, {{t|ga|críochnúil}}, {{t|ga|mionchúiseach}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|mionchruinn}}, {{t|ga|críochnúil}}, {{t|ga|mionchúiseach}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|chirurgiczny}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|chirurgiczny}}, {{t+|pl|aptekarski}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|kirurgisk}}
{{trans-bottom}}
{{trans-bottom}}

Revision as of 01:28, 25 September 2024

English

Etymology

From Middle English cirurgical, borrowed from Middle French cirurgical, from Medieval Latin cirurgicālis, ultimately from Ancient Greek χειρουργία (kheirourgía), from χείρ (kheír, “hand”) + ἔργον (érgon, “work”). Replaced Old English Old English læċe (“doctor, physician”). By surface analysis, surgery +‎ -ical.

Pronunciation

Adjective

surgical (comparative more surgical, superlative most surgical)

  1. Of, relating to, used in, or resulting from surgery.
    • 2013 May-June, Charles T. Ambrose, “Alzheimer’s Disease”, in American Scientist‎[1], volume 101, number 3, archived from the original on 24 April 2013, page 200:
      Similar studies of rats have employed four different intracranial resorbable, slow sustained release systems—surgical foam, a thermal gel depot, a microcapsule or biodegradable polymer beads.
  2. (figuratively) Precise or very accurate.
    The building was destroyed with a surgical air-strike.
  3. (figuratively) Excruciatingly or wearyingly drawn-out

Derived terms

Translations

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