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===Etymology===
===Etymology===
{{der|en|xno|stuble}}, {{m|fro|estuble}}, from {{der|en|fro|estoble}}, {{m|fro|esteule}} (whence Modern {{cog|fr|éteule}}), from {{der|en|la|stipula|t=stalk, straw}}. Cognate with {{cog|nl|stoppel}}, Central {{cog|de|Stoppel}}, Upper {{cog|de|Stupfel}}.
From {{inh|en|enm|stuble}}, from {{der|en|xno|stuble}}, {{m|fro|estuble}}, from {{der|en|fro|estoble}}, {{m|fro|esteule}} (whence Modern {{cog|fr|éteule}}), from {{der|en|la|stipula|t=stalk, straw}}. Cognate with {{cog|nl|stoppel}}, Central {{cog|de|Stoppel}}, Upper {{cog|de|Stupfel}}.


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ˈstʌb.əl/}}
* {{IPA|en|/ˈstʌb.əl/}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-stubble.ogg|Audio (US)}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-stubble.ogg|a=US}}
* {{rhymes|en|ʌbəl}}
* {{rhymes|en|ʌbəl|s=2}}


===Noun===
===Noun===
Line 22: Line 22:
* {{l|en|stub}}
* {{l|en|stub}}
* {{l|en|stump}}
* {{l|en|stump}}

====Derived terms====
{{col4|en
|stubbly
}}
{{col4|en|title=Compound words and expressions
|stubble field
|stubble goose
|stubble rake|stubble quail
|stubble rash
|designer stubble|stubble-fed
}}


====Related terms====
====Related terms====
* {{l|en|etiolate}}<!-- via Latin -->
{{col4|en
|etiolate<!-- via Latin -->
* {{l|en|stipula}}
|stipula
}}


====Translations====
====Translations====
Line 36: Line 50:
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|набола брада|f}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|набола брада|f}}
* Chinese:
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t|cmn|鬍子茬|sc=Hani}}, {{t|cmn|胡子茬|tr=húzichá|sc=Hani}}, {{t|cmn|鬍茬|sc=Hani}}, {{t|cmn|胡茬|tr=húchá|sc=Hani}}, {{t|cmn|鬍渣|sc=Hani}}, {{t|cmn|胡渣|tr=húzhā|sc=Hani}}
*: Mandarin: {{t|cmn|鬍子茬|tr=húzichá}}, {{t|cmn|鬍茬|tr=húchá}}, {{t|cmn|鬍渣|tr=húzhā}}
* Czech: {{t|cs|strniště|n}}
* Czech: {{t|cs|strniště|n}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|stoppelbaard|m}}
* Danish: {{t|da|skægstub|c}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|stoppelbaard|m}}, {{t+|nl|stoppel|m}}
* Esperanto: {{t-needed|eo}}
* Esperanto: {{t-needed|eo}}
* Estonian: {{t-needed|et}}
* Estonian: {{t-needed|et}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|sänki}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|sänki}}
* French: {{t+|fr|barbe de trois jours|f}}
* French: {{t+|fr|barbe de trois jours|f}}
* Galician: {{t|gl|barbuxa|f}}, {{t|gl|barbaxola|f}}, {{t|gl|lambuxa|f}}, {{t+|gl|melón|m}}
⚫
* Georgian: {{t-needed|ka}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|ჯაგარი}}, {{t|ka|მჩხვლეტავი წვერი}}
* German: {{t+|de|Stoppel|f}}, {{t+|de|Bartstoppel|f}} {{q|countable}} ; {{t+|de|Stoppeln|f-p}}, {{t+|de|Bartstoppeln|f-p}}, {{t+|de|Dreitagebart|m}} {{q|uncountable}}
* German: {{t+|de|Stoppel|f}}, {{t+|de|Bartstoppel|f}} {{q|countable}} ; {{t+|de|Stoppeln|f-p}}, {{t+|de|Bartstoppeln|f-p}}, {{t+|de|Dreitagebart|m}} {{q|uncountable}}
* Greek: {{t|el|[[αξύριστος|αξύριστα]] [[γένι|γένια]]|n-p}}
* Greek: {{t|el|[[αξύριστος|αξύριστα]] [[γένι|γένια]]|n-p}}
* Hebrew: {{t|he|זיפים|m-p|tr=zifím}}
* Hebrew: {{t|he|זיפים|m-p|tr=zifím}}
* Hindi: {{t-needed|hi}}
* Hindi: {{t-needed|hi}}
{{trans-mid}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|borosta}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|borosta}}
* Icelandic: {{t|is|skeggbroddur|m}}, {{t+|is|broddur|m}}
* Icelandic: {{t|is|skeggbroddur|m}}, {{t+|is|broddur|m}}
* Ingrian: {{t|izh|sänki}}, {{t|izh|tynkä}}
* Italian: {{t|it|barba di due giorni|f}}, {{t|it|barba incolta|f}}
* Italian: {{t|it|barba di due giorni|f}}, {{t|it|barba incolta|f}}
* Japanese: {{t|ja|無精ひげ|tr=ぶしょうひげ, bushōhige|sc=Jpan}}
* Japanese: {{t|ja|無精ひげ|tr=ぶしょうひげ, bushōhige|sc=Jpan}}
* Khmer: {{t|km|ពុកចង្កានៅខ្លី|tr=puk cɑŋkaa nɨv kləy|sc=Khmr}}
* Khmer: {{t|km|ពុកចង្កានៅខ្លី|tr=puk cɑŋkaa nɨv kləy|sc=Khmr}}
* Korean: {{t-needed|ko}}
* Korean: {{t-needed|ko}}
* Latin: {{t|la|stipula|alt=stipulae|f-p}}
* Latin: {{t+|la|stipula|alt=stipulae|f-p}}
* Latvian: {{t-needed|lv}}
* Latvian: {{t-needed|lv}}
* Lithuanian: {{t-needed|lt}}
* Lithuanian: {{t-needed|lt}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|четина|f}}
⚫
* Malay: {{t-needed|ms}}
* Malayalam: {{t-needed|ml}}
* Malayalam: {{t-needed|ml}}
* Norwegian:
⚫
* Persian: {{t+|fa|ته‌ریش|tr=tah-riš|sc=fa-Arab}}
*: Bokmål: {{t|nb|skjeggstubb}}
⚫
* Persian: {{t+|fa|ته‌ریش|tr=tah-riš}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|barbicha|f}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|barbicha|f}}
* Romanian: {{t-needed|ro}}
* Romanian: {{t-needed|ro}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|щети́на|f}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|щети́на|f}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|reuban|m-p}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|reuban|m-p}}
* Serbo-Croatian: {{t+|sh|čekinja|f}}, {{t+|sh|četina|f}}
* Spanish: {{t|es|[[barba]] de varios días}}
* Spanish: {{t|es|[[barba]] de varios días}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|skäggstubb|c}}, {{t+|sv|stubb|n}} {{qualifier|only for beard}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|skäggstubb|c}}, {{t+|sv|stubb|n}} {{qualifier|only for beard}}
Line 70: Line 91:
* Thai: {{t|th|โคนหนวดเคราที่ไม่ได้โกน|tr=kohn nùat krao têe mâi dâai gohn}}
* Thai: {{t|th|โคนหนวดเคราที่ไม่ได้โกน|tr=kohn nùat krao têe mâi dâai gohn}}
* Turkish: {{t|tr|kirli sakal}}
* Turkish: {{t|tr|kirli sakal}}
* Vietnamese: {{t-needed|vi}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|щети́на|f}}
* Vietnamese: {{t|vi|râu thưa}}
{{trans-bottom}}
{{trans-bottom}}


Line 80: Line 102:
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|խոզան}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|խոզան}}
* Assamese: {{t-needed|as}}
* Assamese: {{t-needed|as}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t|az|başaq}}, {{t|az|qırpım}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|іржэ́ўнік|m}}, {{q|after vowels}} {{t|be|ржэ́ўнік|m}}, {{t|be|іржы́шча|f}}, {{q|after vowels}} {{t|be|ржы́шча|f}}, , {{t|be|сцерня́|f}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|іржэ́ўнік|m}}, {{q|after vowels}} {{t|be|ржэ́ўнік|m}}, {{t|be|іржы́шча|f}}, {{q|after vowels}} {{t|be|ржы́шча|f}}, , {{t|be|сцерня́|f}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|стърни́ще|n}}<!-- unlike the same formation in the other Slavic languages, this really means stubble and not a field of stubble, and {{t|bg|стърн|f}}, {{t|bg|стрън|f}} is hardly used-->
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|стърни́ще|n}}<!-- unlike the same formation in the other Slavic languages, this really means stubble and not a field of stubble, and {{t|bg|стърн|f}}, {{t|bg|стрън|f}} is hardly used-->
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|rostoll|m}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|rostoll|m}}
* Chinese:
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|殘株|sc=Hani}}, {{t+|cmn|残株|tr=cánzhū|sc=Hani}}, {{t+|cmn|茬|tr=chá|sc=Hani}}
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|殘株|tr=cánzhū}}, {{t+|cmn|茬|tr=chá}}
* Czech: {{t|cs|strn|m}} {{q|a field with stubble being called {{m|cs|strniště|g=n}}}}
* Czech: {{t|cs|strn|m}} {{q|a field with stubble being called {{m|cs|strniště|g=n}}}}
* Danish: {{t|da|stub|c}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|stoppel|m}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|stoppel|m}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|sänki}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|sänki}}
* French: {{t+|fr|éteule|f}}
* French: {{t+|fr|éteule|f}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|restrollo|m}}, {{t|gl|restreba|f}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|restrollo|m}}, {{t+|gl|restreba|f}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|ნამჯა}}, {{t|ka|ნამკალი}}, {{t|ka|ნაწვერალი}}, {{t|ka|ნაყანევი}}, {{t|ka|ნაპურალი}}
* German: {{t+|de|Stoppel|f}} {{q|countable}} ; {{t+|de|Stoppeln|f-p}} {{q|uncountable}}
* German: {{t+|de|Stoppel|f}} {{q|countable}} ; {{t+|de|Stoppeln|f-p}} {{q|uncountable}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|ნამჯა}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|καλαμιά|f}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|καλαμιά|f}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|καλάμη|f}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|καλάμη|f}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|שלף|m|tr=shélef}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|שלף|m|tr=shélef}}
* Hindi: {{t|hi|खूंटी (khoontee)}}, {{t|hi|खूंटी (khoontee)}}
* Hindi: {{t-needed|hi}}
{{trans-mid}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|tarló}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|tarló}}
* Ingrian: {{t|izh|sänki}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|stoppia|f}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|stoppia|f}}
* Japanese: {{t|ja|刈り株|tr=かりかぶ, karikabu|sc=Jpan}}
* Japanese: {{t|ja|刈り株|tr=かりかぶ, karikabu|sc=Jpan}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|그루}}, {{t|ko|그루터기}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|그루}}, {{t|ko|그루터기}}
* Kurdish:
⚫
* Latin: {{t|la|stipula|alt=stipulae|f-p}}
*: Northern Kurdish: {{t+|kmr|pirêze|f}}
⚫
* Latin: {{t+|la|stipula|alt=stipulae|f-p}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|стрн|f}} {{q|a field on which there is stubble being called {{m|mk|стрниште|g=n}}}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|стрн|f}} {{q|a field on which there is stubble being called {{m|mk|стрниште|g=n}}}}
* Malayalam: {{t-needed|ml}}
* Malayalam: {{t-needed|ml}}
* Old Church Slavonic: {{t|cu|стрънь|f}}
* Old Church Slavonic: {{t|cu|стрънь|f}}
* Polish: {{t|pl|ścierń|f}} {{q|a field on which there is stubble being called {{m|pl|ściernisko|g=n}}}}, {{t+|pl|rżysko|n}}
* Ottoman Turkish: {{t|ota|آكیز|tr=añız}}, {{t|ota|حشفه|tr=haşefe}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|ścierń|f}} {{q|a field on which there is stubble being called {{m|pl|ściernisko|g=n}}}}, {{t+|pl|rżysko|n}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|restolho|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|restolho|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|стерня́|f}}, {{t+|ru|стернь}}, {{t+|ru|жнивьё|n}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|стерня́|f}}, {{t+|ru|стернь}}, {{t+|ru|жнивьё|n}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|àsbhuain|f}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|стр̑н|f}} {{q|a field with stubble being called {{m|sh|стр̏нӣште|g=m}} and {{m|sh|стр̀ника|g=f}}}}
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|стр̑н|f}} {{q|a field with stubble being called {{m|sh|стр̏нӣште|g=m}} and {{m|sh|стр̀ника|g=f}}}}
Line 116: Line 144:
* Tamil: {{t-needed|ta}}
* Tamil: {{t-needed|ta}}
* Telugu: {{t-needed|te}}
* Telugu: {{t-needed|te}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|anız}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|стерня́|n}}
* Ukrainian: {{t|uk|стерня́|n}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|rạ}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|rạ}}
{{trans-bottom}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Verb===
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|agriculture}} To [[produce]] a [[crop]] in a field of stubble that remains after a preceding crop is removed, either by [[sow]]ing a second crop or by allowing [[shoot]]s to [[sprout]] from the roots of the stubble.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1851| title=Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture for the Year: 1850 |author=United States. Department of Agriculture | page=371| passage=Here a system ( if it may be called a system ) of '''stubbling''' prevails — wheat succeeding wheat for a series of years, and without any material diminution of the yield. }}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1922| title=Methods of Winter-wheat Production at the Fort Hays Branch Station|author=John Selden Cole; Alanson Lola Hallsted | page=22| passage=In 1919 the '''stubbled''' crop was heavier than either that fallowed or plowed. }}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1922| title=Interim Report of the Superintendent |author=Canada. Dept. of Agriculture. Research Station, Lacombe, Alta | page=65| passage=Both spring and fall ploughing produced a crop freer from weeds than where the seed was '''stubbled''' in.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1983| title=Symposium on Potential Productivity of Field Crops Under Different Environments|author=W. H. Smith | page=377| passage=Because the biggest single expense in producing the crop is planting, good '''stubbling''' ability is prized.}}

====Usage notes====
When the second crop arises from shoots that sprout from the roots of the stubble, one says that the second crop ''stubbles'', while when
sowing seeds for a crop in a field of stubble, one refers to ''stubbling in'' the crop.


{{topics|en|Beards}}
{{topics|en|Beards}}

Latest revision as of 21:01, 8 October 2024

English

[edit]
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
Stubble on a face.
Stubble of maize.

Etymology

[edit]

From Middle English stuble, from Anglo-Norman stuble, estuble, from Old French estoble, esteule (whence Modern French éteule), from Latin stipula (“stalk, straw”). Cognate with Dutch stoppel, Central German Stoppel, Upper German Stupfel.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /ˈstʌb.əl/
  • Audio (US):(file)
  • Rhymes: -ʌbəl

Noun

[edit]

stubble (usually uncountable, plural stubbles)

  1. (countable and uncountable) Short, coarse hair, especially on a man’s face.
  2. (countable and uncountable) The short stalks left in a field after crops have been harvested.

Synonyms

[edit]

Derived terms

[edit]
Compound words and expressions
[edit]

Translations

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

stubble (third-person singular simple present stubbles, present participle stubbling, simple past and past participle stubbled)

  1. (agriculture) To produce a crop in a field of stubble that remains after a preceding crop is removed, either by sowing a second crop or by allowing shoots to sprout from the roots of the stubble.
    • 1851, United States. Department of Agriculture, Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture for the Year: 1850, page 371:
      Here a system ( if it may be called a system ) of stubbling prevails — wheat succeeding wheat for a series of years, and without any material diminution of the yield.
    • 1922, John Selden Cole, Alanson Lola Hallsted, Methods of Winter-wheat Production at the Fort Hays Branch Station, page 22:
      In 1919 the stubbled crop was heavier than either that fallowed or plowed.
    • 1922, Canada. Dept. of Agriculture. Research Station, Lacombe, Alta, Interim Report of the Superintendent, page 65:
      Both spring and fall ploughing produced a crop freer from weeds than where the seed was stubbled in.
    • 1983, W. H. Smith, Symposium on Potential Productivity of Field Crops Under Different Environments, page 377:
      Because the biggest single expense in producing the crop is planting, good stubbling ability is prized.

Usage notes

[edit]

When the second crop arises from shoots that sprout from the roots of the stubble, one says that the second crop stubbles, while when sowing seeds for a crop in a field of stubble, one refers to stubbling in the crop.

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