놀다

Jeju

Etymology

Cognate to Korean 놀다 (nolda).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /no̞ɭda̠/

Verb

놀다 (nolda)

1. to play, to frolic

Derived terms

• 놀이개 (norigae, “play, game; plaything, toy”)

Related terms

• 놀래 (nollae, “song”)

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Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 놀〯다〮 (Yale: nwǒltá).

Per Ramsey 1991 and Ramsey 2008, the immediate pre-Middle Korean form of the verb stem would have been *노ᄅᆞ〮 (*nwòló-) (Yale: *nwòló-), with the fact that the Middle Korean causative is 놀이다 (Yale: nwolGita) and not **노리다 (**nwolita) (Yale: **nwolita) demonstrating that the Middle Korean /l/ is from pre-MK lateral */l/ and not from a rhotic.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈno̞(ː)ɭda̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [놀(ː)다]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	nolda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	nolda
McCune–Reischauer?	nolda
Yale Romanization?	nōlta

Verb

놀다 • (nolda) (infinitive 놀아, sequential 노니)

1. (intransitive) to play, to hang out

   어디 놀러 가자. ― Eodi nolleo gaja. ― Let's go hang out somewhere.

   지난 주말에 친구들이랑 놀았어요. ― Jinan jumare chin'gudeurirang norasseoyo. ― Last weekend, I hung out with my friends.

2. (intransitive) to frolic, to move about gaily

   잉어가 연못에서 논다. ― Ing'eoga yeonmoseseo nonda. ― The carps frolic in the pond.

3. (intransitive) (of a person or institution) to not work (e.g. due to vacation or unemployment); (of an object) to be unused or out of operation

   짤리고 나서 일자리를 찾기는 커녕 매일 빈둥빈둥 놀기만 한다.

   Jjalligo naseo iljarireul chatgineun keonyeong maeil bindungbindung nolgiman handa.

   After being fired, far from looking for work, all he does is laze about.

   너무 놀았더니 피아노 감을 잃었다.

   Neomu noratdeoni piano gameul ireotda.

   After taking a break for too long, I've lost touch with the piano.

   놀던 컴퓨터로 비트코인을 채굴하기 시작했다.

   Noldeon keompyuteoro biteukoineul chaegulhagi sijakhaetda.

   They have started to mine for bitcoins with computers that had been unused.

4. (intransitive) to behave delinquently or indecently

   노는 애들 ― noneun aedeul ― the delinquent kids

5. (intransitive) Used to refer vaguely to any action, typically with a sarcastic, disparaging connotation.

   놀고 있네. ― Nolgo inne. ― What a joke they are. (literally, “They are playing.”)

6. (intransitive, dated, of a body part) to move without difficulty
7. (transitive, dated, rare) to hold (a performance or similar event)
8. (transitive, dated, rare) to use in gambling or a game of luck

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 놀다 (nolda): consonant-stem, ㄹ(l)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	논다 nonda	놀아 nora	놀아요 norayo	놉니다 nomnida
	Past	놀았다 noratda	놀았어 norasseo	놀았어요 norasseoyo	놀았습니다 noratseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	노느냐 noneunya	놀아 nora	놀아요 norayo	놉니까 nomnikka
	Past	놀았느냐 noranneunya	놀았어 norasseo	놀았어요 norasseoyo	놀았습니까 noratseumnikka
Hortative		놀자 nolja	놀아 nora	놀아요 norayo	노십시다 nosipsida
Imperative		놀아라 norara	놀아 nora	놀아요 norayo	놉시오 nopsio
Assertive		놀겠다 nolgetda	놀겠어 nolgesseo	놀겠어요 nolgesseoyo	놀겠습니다 nolgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		놀아 nora	놀아서 noraseo	노니 noni	노니까 nonikka
Contrast		놀지만 noljiman	노는데 noneunde	놀더니 noldeoni
Conjunction		놀고 nolgo
Condition		놀면 nolmyeon	놀아야 noraya
Motive		놀려고 nollyeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		놂 nom	놀기 nolgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		놀았음 norasseum	놀았기 noratgi
Determiners	Past	논 non
	Present	노는 noneun
	Future	놀 nol

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	노신다 nosinda	노셔 nosyeo	노세요, 노셔요 noseyo, nosyeoyo	노십니다 nosimnida
	Past	노셨다 nosyeotda	노셨어 nosyeosseo	노셨어요 nosyeosseoyo	노셨습니다 nosyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	노시느냐 nosineunya	노셔 nosyeo	노세요, 노셔요 noseyo, nosyeoyo	노십니까 nosimnikka
	Past	노셨느냐 nosyeonneunya	노셨어 nosyeosseo	노셨어요 nosyeosseoyo	노셨습니까 nosyeotseumnikka
Imperative		노시라 nosira	노셔 nosyeo	노세요 noseyo	노십시오 nosipsio
Assertive		노시겠다 nosigetda	노시겠어 nosigesseo	노시겠어요 nosigesseoyo	노시겠습니다 nosigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		노셔 nosyeo	노셔서 nosyeoseo	노시니 nosini	노시니까 nosinikka
Contrast		노시지만 nosijiman	노시는데 nosineunde	노시더니 nosideoni
Conjunction		노시고 nosigo
Condition		노시면 nosimyeon	노셔야 nosyeoya
Motive		노시려고 nosiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		노심 nosim	노시기 nosigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		노셨음 nosyeosseum	노셨기 nosyeotgi
Determiners	Past	노신 nosin
	Present	노시는 nosineun
	Future	노실 nosil

Derived terms

• 가지고 놀다 (gajigo nolda, “to toy with”)
• 놀이 (nori, “play, game, sport”)
• 놀음 (noreum, “play, merrymaking, spree”)
• 놀리다 (nollida, “to allow someone to play”)
• 놀아나다 (noranada, “to take to fast living, to become a playboy”)
• 논다니 (nondani, “prostitute, courtesan”)
• 뛰놀다 (ttwinolda, “to romp, to frisk”)
• 노리개 (norigae, “plaything, toy”)

Related terms

• 노래 (norae, “song”)
• 노름 (noreum, “gambling”)
• 노릇 (noreut, “job, duty”)