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===Etymology=== |
===Etymology=== |
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{{io-bor||déjà||già||ya|nodot=1}}, from {{der|io|la|iam}}, replacing {{cog|eo|jam}} which is cognate. {{progreso|987|vol=6|p=216}} |
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===Pronunciation=== |
===Pronunciation=== |
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{{io-IPA}} |
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===Adverb=== |
===Adverb=== |
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{{io-adv}} |
{{io-adv}} |
||
# |
# {{l|en|already}} |
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#: {{ux|io|Lu '''ja''' dormeskis.|He/she has '''already''' fallen asleep.}} |
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====Related terms==== |
====Related terms==== |
||
* {{l|io|ya}} |
* {{l|io|ya}} |
||
====Derived terms==== |
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* {{l|io|ne ja||not yet; not even}} |
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===References=== |
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* {{R:io:Progreso|3|p=557|p2=691}} |
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* {{R:io:Progreso|6|p=164|pdfp=216}} |
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Revision as of 13:25, 22 February 2023
Translingual
Symbol
ja
English
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Afrikaans ja (“yes”), from Dutch ja (“yes”). More at yea.
Alternative forms
Adverb
ja (not comparable)
- (chiefly South Africa, informal) yes
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From the Revised Romanization of Korean 자 (ja).
Alternative forms
Noun
ja (plural jas or ja)
- (Korean units of measure) Synonym of Korean foot: a traditional unit of length equivalent to about 30.3 cm.
Anagrams
Afrikaans
Etymology
Pronunciation
Adverb
ja
Descendants
Alemannic German
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old High German ja, jā, from Proto-Germanic *ja. Cognate with German ja, Dutch ja, English yea, Swedish ja.
Adverb
ja
References
- Abegg, Emil, (1911) Die Mundart von Urseren (Beiträge zur Schweizerdeutschen Grammatik. IV.) [The Dialect of Urseren], Frauenfeld, Switzerland: Huber & Co., page 13.
Assan
Etymology
From Proto-Yeniseian *ʔaʒ (“I”). Compare Kott ai (“I”), Pumpokol ad (“I”), and Arin aj.
Pronoun
ja
- I (first-person singular subjective)
Synonyms
Related terms
Atong (India)
Etymology
Cognate with Garo ja (“moon, month”).
Noun
ja
References
- van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.
Bavarian
Alternative forms
Etymology
Pronunciation
Interjection
ja
Catalan
Etymology
Pronunciation
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Central Catalan" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /ˈʒa/
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Valencian" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /ˈja/
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -a
Adverb
ja
- already, (in negative sentences) any more
- now, immediately, at once
Derived terms
Further reading
- “ja” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Central Melanau
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : ja | ||
Alternative forms
Numeral
ja
Synonyms
Cimbrian
Etymology
From Middle High German ja, from Old High German ja, jā, from Proto-West Germanic *jā, from Proto-Germanic *ja. Cognate with German ja, English yea.
Particle
ja
References
- “ja” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
Danish
Etymology
Pronunciation
Interjection
Antonyms
Related terms
Noun
ja n (singular definite jaet, plural indefinite jaer)
Inflection
Dimasa
Noun
já
Derived terms
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutch ja, from Old Dutch *jā, from Proto-Germanic *ja.
Pronunciation
Adverb
ja
- yes
- Wil je met ons meegaan? — Ja, graag!
- Would you like to come with us? — Yes, I'd love to!
- Wil je met ons meegaan? — Ja, graag!
Synonyms
Antonyms
Derived terms
Noun
ja m or n (plural ja's, diminutive jaatje n)
- yes
- Een ja kan je krijgen, een nee heb je al.
- A yes you can get, a no you already have.
- Het begon met een ja...
- It began with a yes...
- Een ja kan je krijgen, een nee heb je al.
Synonyms
Antonyms
Interjection
ja
- yes!
- "Ja!" riep hij luid toen er een doelpunt viel.
- Yes! he screamed loudly when they scored a goal.
- Synonym: yes
- "Ja!" riep hij luid toen er een doelpunt viel.
- (Suriname, informal, colloquial) A casual greeting acknowledging the presence of a person, chiefly someone the speaker is not acquainted with or is not friends with; hey, hi, what's up
- (Suriname, informal, colloquial) Used as a request for someone to repeat something not heard or understood clearly.
Descendants
- Afrikaans: ja
- Berbice Creole Dutch: ja
- Jersey Dutch: jâ
- Negerhollands: ja, ju
- Skepi Creole Dutch: ja
- → Saramaccan: jahái, jaái
Esperanto
Etymology
Borrowed from German ja. Compare Polish jo, Yiddish יאָ (yo), English yea. Related to jes.
Pronunciation
Adverb
ja
- indeed
- 2015, Kalle Kniivilä, “Sopiro al Sovetio [Yearning for the Soviet Union]”, in Krimeo estas nia [Crimea is ours]:
- Sed la bona soveta tempo neniam revenos. Ĝi ja neniam ekzistis.
- But the good Soviet times will never return, because they never existed.
- (literally, “But the good Soviet time will never come back. It indeed never existed.”)
Related terms
- do (“therefore, indeed, so”)
- ekzakte (“exactly”)
- fakte (“factually”)
- ĝuste (“just, right, exactly”)
- jese (“yes, exactly”)
- reale (“really, actually”)
- vere (“truly”)
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *ja, from Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”); compare Gothic 𐌾𐌰𐌷 (jah), Old High German ja, joh.
Conjunction
ja
Synonyms
Faroese
Etymology
From Old Norse já, from Proto-Germanic *ja.
Pronunciation
Adverb
ja
Antonyms
Related terms
Noun
ja n (genitive singular jas, plural ja)
Declension
Declension of ja | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
n3 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | ja | jaið | ja | jaini |
accusative | ja | jaið | ja | jaini |
dative | jai | jainum | jaum | jaunum |
genitive | jas | jasins | jaa | jaanna |
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *ja (compare Estonian ja, Ingrian ja, Livonian ja, Votic ja), borrowed from Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”) (compare Gothic 𐌾𐌰𐌷 (jah), Old High German ja, joh).[1]
Pronunciation
Conjunction
ja
- (coordinating) and
Usage notes
- (ja/sekä):
- ja can be used more widely than sekä. As an example, sekä may not be used to join two independent clauses.
- sekä has a nuance of the things being more separate than with ja. If both words are used, ja ties things closer together than sekä.
- mansikka- ja vadelmahillo sekä muut hedelmäsäilykkeet ― strawberry and raspberry jam as well as other fruit preserves
- Vaahdota voi sekä sokeri ja sekoita joukkoon kuivat aineet. ― Cream the butter and sugar, and mix in the dry ingredients.
- In legal language, ja and sekä are distinguished more clearly. sekä is considered "stronger" than ja. For example, an attribute specified before a list will apply to every item with ja, but not with sekä.
- paineella tyhjennettävät ja täytettävät säiliöt ― containers that can be filled and emptied under pressure
- paineella tyhjennettävät sekä täytettävät säiliöt ― containers that can be filled and emptied under pressure
Synonyms
- sekä (see the above usage notes)
Noun
ja
- AND (logic gate or connector)
Declension
Rarely inflected; if inflection is necessary, it is used as a first component in a compound, such as JA-portti ("AND gate").
Inflection of ja (Kotus type 21/rosé, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | ja | jat | |
genitive | jan | jaiden jaitten | |
partitive | jata | jaita | |
illative | jahan | jaihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | ja | jat | |
accusative | nom. | ja | jat |
gen. | jan | ||
genitive | jan | jaiden jaitten | |
partitive | jata | jaita | |
inessive | jassa | jaissa | |
elative | jasta | jaista | |
illative | jahan | jaihin | |
adessive | jalla | jailla | |
ablative | jalta | jailta | |
allative | jalle | jaille | |
essive | jana | jaina | |
translative | jaksi | jaiksi | |
abessive | jatta | jaitta | |
instructive | — | jain | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of ja (Kotus type 21/rosé, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References
- ^ Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004) Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN
Garo
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
ja
Synonyms
German
Etymology
From Middle High German ja, from Old High German ja, jā (“yes”), from Proto-Germanic *ja (“yes”), from Proto-Indo-European *yē (“already”). Cognate with Dutch ja (“yes”), English yea (“yes, yea”), Spanish ya (“already”), and Latin iam (“already”). More at yes.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [jäː] Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Standard, overall more common" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.
- IPA(key): [ʝäː] Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "standard, overall less common" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.
audio: (file) Audio: (file) - IPA(key): [jɑː] Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Austrian German" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.
- IPA(key): [jɒ~jɔ] Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Austrian German, common in casual speech as an influence of the Austro-Bavarian language" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.
- Rhymes: -aː
- Homophone: Jahr Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "according to a widespread pronunciation of this word" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.
Adverb
ja
- yes; yea, yeah, aye
- Synonym: jawohl
- Willst du das? Ja. ― Do you want that? Yes.
- Aber ja! ― Yes, of course!
- (intensifier) obviously; certainly; of course; really; just; as you know; as is generally known (indicates and emphasises that one is expressing a known fact)
- Synonyms: doch, bekanntlich
- Es kann ja nicht immer so bleiben. ― It obviously cannot always remain so.
- Der Peter war ja gestern krank. ― Peter was sick yesterday, as you know.
Usage notes
- (yes): Ja is used to indicate agreement with a positive statement. To contradict a negative statement (where English would use “yes”), doch is used instead.
- (obviously): Ja means roughly the same as English obviously or as you know, but given its shortness it is used much more frequently. In colloquial German, ja is used in most statements of facts already known to the one addressed.
Antonyms
Derived terms
Interjection
ja
Further reading
Gothic
Romanization
ja
- Romanization of 𐌾𐌰
Guerrero Amuzgo
Adjective
ja
Pronoun
ja
Gutnish
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Old Norse ek. Compare Swedish jag.
Alternative forms
- jag (Fårö and Lau dialects)
Pronoun
ja
- I (first-person singular pronoun)
Inflection
inflection of "ja" | |
---|---|
subject | ja |
object | mi |
possessive | min, mein, mitt, meine |
Etymology 2
Adverb
ja
Usage notes
Uncertain or stalling answer; jo is used for yes-no questions
Related terms
Interjection
ja
References
- "ja" in Gutamålgildes Årdliste
- "ja in Gustavson, H. (red.). 1972-1986. Ordbok över Laumålet på Gotland. Uppsala: AB Lundequistska Bokhandeln.
Hausa
Pronunciation
Adjective
jā (feminine jā, plural jājā̀yē)
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈjɒ], [ˈjɒː] (the long pronunciation is used in case of great surprise)
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -jɒ
Interjection
ja
- (informal) yep (indicates agreement, approval, or understanding)
- (informal) oh (indicates understanding something finally after a misunderstanding or confusion)
- Este nem jár a vonat. – Ja, hát akkor menjünk busszal!
- “No train is leaving in the evening.” “Oh, well then let's travel by bus!”
- Ezt nem is Miki küldte! – Ja, lehet, hogy én értettem félre.
- “This was not sent by Miki!” “Oh, then I must have misunderstood it.”
Further reading
- (yep, oh): ja in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (indeed, actually, as a matter of fact): ja in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Ido
Etymology
Borrowed from French déjà, Italian già, Spanish ya, from Latin iam, replacing Esperanto jam which is cognate. Decision no. 987, Progreso VI.
Pronunciation
Adverb
ja
- already
- Lu ja dormeskis.
- He/she has already fallen asleep.
Related terms
Derived terms
- ne ja (“not yet; not even”)
References
Ingrian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Finnic *ja. Cognates include Finnish ja and Estonian ja.
Pronunciation
Conjunction
ja
- and
- 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 25:
- Kiko ja Miko jo uijuut.
- Kiko and Miko are already swimming.
Synonyms
Adverb
ja
- also, too
- 1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 3:
- On meil hyvät mașinistat -
paravozat ollaa ja.- We have good engine drivers -
we have steam locomotives, too.
- We have good engine drivers -
Synonyms
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Ultimately from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *ja (compare Swedish ja and German ja). Cognates include Finnish jaa and Estonian jah, jaa.
Pronunciation
Particle
ja
- yes
- 1936, V. I. Junus, N. A. Iljin, Inkeroisin keelen oppikirja alkuşkouluja vart (toine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 42:
- Onok se maa teil?
- Ja, ono.- Is that your land?
Yes, it is.
- Is that your land?
Synonyms
Antonyms
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 99
- Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку[1], →ISBN, page 79
Japanese
Romanization
ja
- Rōmaji transcription of じゃ
- Rōmaji transcription of ジャ
- Rōmaji transcription of ぢゃ
- Rōmaji transcription of ヂャ
Latvian
Pronunciation
Conjunction
ja
Lithuanian
Pronoun
ja f
Lower Sorbian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *(j)a, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Pronoun
ja sg
Declension
Lule Sami
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”).
Conjunction
ja
Further reading
- Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[2], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
Maltese
Etymology
Pronunciation
Particle
ja
Usage notes
- While not obligatory even in standard Arabic, the vocative particle is predominantly omitted in Maltese. It does remain a common word, however, especially when equivalent to English “you”.
Maquiritari
Pronunciation
Noun
ja (possessed jadü)
References
- Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “ja”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana[3], Lyon
- Hall, Katherine Lee (1988) “ha:dü”, in The morphosyntax of discourse in De'kwana Carib, volumes I and II, Saint Louis, Missouri: PhD Thesis, Washington University
- Hall, Katherine (2007) “hādɨ”, in Mary Ritchie Key & Bernard Comrie, editors, The Intercontinental Dictionary Series[4], Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, published 2021
- Monterrey, Nalúa Rosa Silva (2012) Hombres de curiara y mujeres de conuco. Etnografía de los indigenas Ye’kwana de Venezuela, Ciudad Bolívar: Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, pages 62–65, 71, 75: “jaadü, jaa'dü, jua'de”
Mbati
Noun
ja
References
North Frisian
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ja
- (Sylt and Mooring) they
Synonyms
Northern Sami
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”).
Pronunciation
Conjunction
ja
Further reading
- Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[5], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
Northern Sotho
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-dɪ́a.
Verb
ja
- to eat
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
Pronunciation
Adverb
ja
Antonyms
Related terms
Interjection
ja
Noun
ja n (definite singular jaet, indefinite plural ja or jaer, definite plural jaa or jaene)
References
- “ja” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
Adverb
ja
Antonyms
Related terms
Interjection
ja
Noun
ja n (definite singular jaet, indefinite plural ja, definite plural jaa)
References
- “ja” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old French
Etymology
Pronunciation
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "classical" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /ˈdʒa/
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "late" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /ˈʒa/
Adverb
ja
- already
- as soon as possible
- quickly
- (with "ne") never
References
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (ja)
Pennsylvania German
Alternative forms
Etymology
Compare German ja, Dutch ja, Swedish ja.
Interjection
ja
Pite Sami
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”).
Conjunction
ja
Further reading
- ja in Bidumsáme Báhkogirrje (“Pite Sami word list”)
- Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[6], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
Pnar
Etymology
From Proto-Khasian *ʤaː. Cognate with Khasi ja.
Pronunciation
Noun
ja
Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish jaz, from Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ja
- I (first-person pronoun)
- Ja chcę mieć przyjaciół. ― I want to have friends.
Usage notes
Mute forms ("mię", "mi") cannot be used in accented positions in the sentence. "Mię" is considered dated in standard Polish, but can still be heard commonly in some dialects or in colloquial speech.
Declension
Derived terms
See also
- siebie ("myself")
- Appendix:Polish pronouns
Further reading
- ja in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- ja in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese
Adverb
ja (not comparable)
Rwanda-Rundi
Alternative forms
- -jya (Rwanda)
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-gɪ̀a.
Verb
-ja (infinitive kuja, perfective -gīye)
- (Kirundi) to go to
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēź-, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
jȃ (Cyrillic spelling ја̑)
- I
- Ja sam učio. ― I have studied.
Declension
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Adverb
jȁ (Cyrillic spelling ја̏)
- (colloquial, regional) yes, yeah
Etymology 3
Interjection
ja
- Archaic form of jao.
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 828: Parameter "quoter" is not used by this template.
- Ja Ivane, mio pobratime!
- O woe, Ivan, dear blood-brother!
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 828: Parameter "quoter" is not used by this template.
Silesian
Etymology
Particle
ja
Slovak
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *(j)a, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ja
Usage notes
Following prepositions, ma and mi are replaced by mňa and mne respectively.
Declension
See also
References
- “ja”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Anagrams
Slovene
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
Particle
jā
Etymology 2
Pronoun
ja
Further reading
- “ja”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Sotho
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-dɪ́a.
Verb
ja
- to eat
Spanish
Pronunciation
Interjection
ja
- representation of laughter, ha
- Also used repeatedly: jaja, jajaja
Derived terms
Further reading
- “ja”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swahili
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-jìja. Compare Zulu -za.
Pronunciation
Audio (Kenya): (file)
Verb
-ja (infinitive kuja)
Conjugation
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Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. |
Derived terms
- Verbal derivations:
- Applicative: -jia
Swedish
Etymology 1
From Old Norse já, from Proto-Germanic *ja.
Pronunciation
- Interjection
- Noun
Adverb
ja (not comparable)
Related terms
Noun
ja n
Declension
Declension of ja | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Uncountable | ||||
Indefinite | Definite | |||
Nominative | ja | jaet | — | — |
Genitive | jas | jaets | — | — |
Etymology 2
See jag.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ja
Anagrams
Tswana
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-dɪ́a.
Pronunciation
Verb
go ja (past jelê)
- to eat
Tz'utujil
Alternative forms
Article
ja
Upper Sorbian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *(j)a, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Pronoun
ja
Declension
First person pronouns | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||
Nominative | ja | mój | my | |||||
Genitive | mje (after preposition) mnje |
naju | nas | |||||
Dative | mi (after preposition) mni |
namaj | nam | |||||
Accusative | mje (after preposition) mnje |
naju | nas | |||||
Instrumental | mnu | namaj | nami | |||||
Locative | mni | nas | ||||||
Second person pronouns | ||||||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||
Nominative | ty | wój | wy | |||||
Genitive | će (after preposition) tebje |
waju | was | |||||
Dative | ći (after preposition) tebi |
wamaj | wam | |||||
Accusative | će (after preposition) tebje |
waju | was | |||||
Instrumental | tobu | wamaj | wami | |||||
Locative | tebi | was | ||||||
Third person pronouns | ||||||||
Masculine singular | Feminine singular | Neuter singular | Dual virile | Dual nonvirile | Plural virile | Plural nonvirile | ||
Nominative | wón | wona | wono | wonaj | wonej | woni | wone | |
Genitive | jeho (after preposition) njeho |
jeje (after preposition) njeje |
jeho (after preposition) njeho |
jeju | jich (after preposition) nich |
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Dative | jemu (after preposition) njemu |
jej (after preposition) njej |
jemu (after preposition) njemu |
jimaj (after preposition) nimaj |
jim (after preposition) nim | |||
Accusative | jón (after preposition) njón (animate) jeho (animate after preposition) njeho |
ju (after preposition) nju |
jo, je (after preposition) njo, nje |
jeju (after preposition) njeju |
jej (after preposition) njej |
jich (after preposition) nich |
je (after preposition) nje | |
Instrumental | nim | njej | nim | nimaj | nimi | |||
Locative | nich |
Votic
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *ja.
Pronunciation
Conjunction
ja
References
- Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “ja”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
West Frisian
Pronunciation
Interjection
ja
Derived terms
Further reading
- “ja”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
West Makian
Pronunciation
Verb
ja
- (intransitive) to cry
Conjugation
Conjugation of ja (action verb) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||
inclusive | exclusive | |||
1st person | taja | maja | aja | |
2nd person | naja | faja | ||
3rd person | inanimate | ija | daja | |
animate | ||||
imperative | naja, ja | faja, ja |
References
- Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours[7], Pacific linguistics
Yoruba
Etymology 1
Cognate with Igala jà (“to fight”)
Pronunciation
Verb
jà
- (intransitive, reciprocal) to fight, to wrestle, to struggle
- (intransitive) to occur, to take place, to break out (as in a war or disease)
- Synonym: já
- ogún jà ― War broke out
Usage notes
- ja before a direct object
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Verb
já
- (intransitive, transitive) to snap, to break off, to break loose
Derived terms
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
Verb
já
- (intransitive) to occur, to take place, to begin suddenly (to break out)
- Synonym: jà
- gudugbẹ̀ẹ́ já ― Calamity has broken out
Derived terms
Etymology 4
Pronunciation
Verb
já
- (intransitive) to ring out like a bell
- etí rẹ̀ ń já ― His ears were ringing out
Derived terms
Etymology 5
Pronunciation
Verb
já
- (heading, intransitive) to fall off (from some height)
Derived terms
Etymology 6
Pronunciation
Verb
já
Etymology 7
Pronunciation
Verb
já
- to become aware, to come to full realization
Derived terms
Etymology 8
Pronunciation
Verb
já
- (intransitive) to become punctured
- àpò rẹ̀ẹ́ já ― His pocket has become punctured
Etymology 9
Pronunciation
Verb
já
- (intransitive) to become saturated or oversaturated with something; to become too much of something
- iyọ̀ ọ́ já ọbẹ̀ yìí ― Salt has saturated this stew
Derived terms
Etymology 10
Likely cognate with Igala já (“to harvest”)
Pronunciation
Verb
já
- (transitive) to pluck off (usually referring to fruit or leaves)
- Synonym: wọ́
Derived terms
Zialo
Noun
ja
References
- Kirill Vladimirovich Babaev, Zialo: the newly-discovered Mande language of Guinea (2010), page 213
Zou
Verb
ja
References
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