Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/svinьja

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Probably from early *svīnī f, from an adjectival form *svinъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *swīˀnas, from Proto-Indo-European *suH-iHnos, from *suH- (“pig, hog, swine”) + *-iHnos.

Baltic cognates include Old Prussian swintian. Further cognates with Latvian sivēns, Latin suīnus (“swine; porcine”), Proto-Germanic *swīną (“pig, swine”) (from which comes Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽 (swein), Old High German swīn, English swine, Old Norse svín).

Noun

*svinьjà f

1. pig, swine

Declension

Declension of *svinьjà (soft a-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*svinьjà	*svȋnьji	*svȋnьję̇
genitive	*svinьję̇́	*svinьjù	*svinь̀jь
dative	*svinьjì	*svinьjàma	*svinьjàmъ
accusative	*svȋnьjǫ	*svȋnьji	*svȋnьję̇
instrumental	*svinьjejǫ́	*svinьjàma	*svinьjàmi
locative	*svȋnьjī	*svinьjù	*svinьjàsъ, *svinьjàxъ*
vocative	*svinьje	*svȋnьji	*svȋnьję̇

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: свиньꙗ (svinĭja), свиниꙗ (svinija)
    • Old Ruthenian: свинꙗ́ (svinjá), свынꙗ́ (svynjá), свиннꙗ́ (svinnjá), свиньꙗ́ (svinʹjá), свинїꙗ́ (svinijá)
      • Belarusian: свіння́ (svinnjá), сьвіньня́ (sʹvinʹnjá), (dialectal) свіня́ (svinjá), свінья́ (svinʹjá)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: свиня́ (svynjá)
      • Ukrainian: свиня́ (svynjá)
    • Russian: свинья́ (svinʹjá)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: свиниꙗ (svinija)

    Glagolitic script: ⱄⰲⰺⱀⰺⱑ (sviniě)

    • Bulgarian: свиня́ (svinjá)
  • Macedonian: свиња (svinja)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: сви́ња

    Latin script: svínja

  • Slovene: svinja
• West Slavic:
  • Kashubian: swinia
  • Old Czech: svině
    • Czech: svině
  • Polabian: svaińă
  • Old Polish: świnia
    • Polish: świnia
  • Old Slovak: sviňa
    • Pannonian Rusyn: швиня (švinja)
    • Slovak: sviňa
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: swinjo
    • Lower Sorbian: swinja

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “свинья́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Martynaŭ, V. U., Tsykhun, G. A., editors (1978–2017), “свіння́”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2006), “свиня́”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 5 (Р – Т), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 191