奈

See also: 柰

Translingual

Han character

奈 (Kangxi radical 37, 大+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 大一一火 (KMMF), four-corner 4090₁, composition ⿱大示)

1. but, how
2. bear, stand, endure

Derived characters

• 捺

Descendants

• な
• ナ

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 251, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5893
• Dae Jaweon: page 511, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 532, character 2
• Unihan data for U+5948

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Chinese

trad.		奈
simp. #		奈

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (奈) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
奈	*naːls, *naːds
柰	*naːds
渿	*naːds
捺	*naːd

A variant of 柰.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): nài (nai⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄞˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): noi⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): nai
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): nāi / tā / ta / tāi

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: nài
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: nài
    • Wade–Giles: nai⁴
    • Yale: nài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nay
    • Palladius: най (naj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /naɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: noi⁶
    • Yale: noih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: noi⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: noi⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɔːi̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nai
    • Hakka Romanization System: nai
    • Hagfa Pinyim: nai⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /nai̯⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nāi
    • Tâi-lô: nāi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: nai
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /nãi⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /nãi³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /nãi²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tā
    • Tâi-lô: tā
    • Phofsit Daibuun: da
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ta²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ta³³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ta⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ta
    • Tâi-lô: ta
    • Phofsit Daibuun: daf
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ta⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāi
    • Tâi-lô: tāi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dai
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tai²²/

Note:

• nāi - literary;
• ta/tai/tā - vernacular (limited, e.g. 無奈何).

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• Middle Chinese: najH, naH

Rime
Character	奈	奈
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	泰 (25)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	奴帶切	奴箇切
Baxter	najH	naH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nɑiH/	/nɑH/
Pan Wuyun	/nɑiH/	/nɑH/
Shao Rongfen	/nɑiH/	/nɑH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/najH/	/naH/
Li Rong	/nɑiH/	/nɑH/
Wang Li	/nɑiH/	/nɑH/
Bernard Karlgren	/nɑiH/	/nɑH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nài	nuò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	naai6	no6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤa[t]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*naːls/, /*naːds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	奈
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	nài
Middle Chinese	‹ najH ›
Old Chinese	/*nˁa[t]-s/
English	cope with
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	奈	奈
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	9349	9350
Phonetic component	奈	奈
Rime group	歌	祭
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	奈	柰
Old Chinese	/*naːls/	/*naːds/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 奈

1. how, why (used in rhetorical questions)
2. bear, stand, endure
3. (Taiwan) The SI unit prefix nano-

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Japanese

Kanji

奈

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Abbreviation of 奈良: the city of Nara
2. what
3. (obsolete) apple tree

Readings

• Go-on: な (na, Jōyō)、ない (nai)
• Kan-on: だ (da)、だい (dai)
• Kun: いかん (ikan, 奈)、いかんせん (ikansen, 奈)、いかんぞ (ikanzo, 奈)、からなし (karanashi, 奈)
• Nanori: なに (nani)、なん (nan)

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Alternative forms

• 柰

Noun

奈(からなし) or 奈(カラナシ) • (karanashi) 

1. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Obsolete form of 唐梨 (“red apple”).
2. (by extension) (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Obsolete spelling of 林檎 (“apple”).

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Alternative forms

• 如何

Pronoun

奈(いかん) • (ikan) 

1. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Alternative form of 奈何 (“what”)

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Korean

Hanja

奈 • (nae, na) (hangeul 내, 나, revised nae, na, McCune–Reischauer nae, na)

1. but, how
2. bear, stand, endure

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 奈 (nại, nhự)

1. (deprecated template usage) (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.