獄

See also: 狱

獄 U+7344, 獄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7344 ← 獃 [U+7343] CJK Unified Ideographs 獅 → [U+7345]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

獄 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 大竹卜口大 (KHYRK), four-corner 4323₄, composition ⿰狺犬)

Derived characters

• 𭗢, 嶽, 𧀀, 𡽺, 𩁓, 鸑(𬸚), 𡈭

Related characters

• 狱 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 717, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20603
• Dae Jaweon: page 1128, character 22
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1365, character 16
• Unihan data for U+7344

Chinese

trad.		獄
simp.		狱

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (獄) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
嶽	*ŋroːɡ
鸑	*ŋroːɡ
哭	*ŋ̊ʰoːɡ
獄	*ŋoɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 㹜 (“two dogs”) + 言 (“words”) (㹜 = 犭 + 犬, two forms of “dog”). A place where dogs are barking (言) at each other, a jail with guard dogs.

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 獄

1. prison

   • 如有犯法，則司獄在。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     如有犯法，则司狱在。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Yang Xiong, Fa Yan (Exemplary Sayings), 9 CE, translated based on Jeffrey S. Bullock's version

     Rú yǒu fànfǎ, zé sī yù zài. [Pinyin]

     If there are those who break the law, then there are officers and jails to deal with them.

2. lawsuit; case

   • 小大之獄，雖不能察，必以情。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     小大之狱，虽不能察，必以情。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Xiǎo dà zhī yù, suī bùnéng chá, bì yǐ qíng. [Pinyin]

     Though unable personally to attend to the details of all trials, big and small, I always demand the facts.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 監獄 (“jail; prison”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		監獄, 監牢, 牢獄, 牢房
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	監獄, 班房兒, 泡兒局 dated
	Taiwan	監獄
	Chifeng	監獄
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	監獄, 笆籬子
	Harbin	監獄, 牢, 笆籬子
	Shenyang	牢, 班房, 笆籬子
	Singapore	監牢
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	監獄
	Tangshan	監獄
	Cangzhou	監獄, 班房兒
	Baoding	監獄
	Shijiazhuang	監獄
	Jinan	監獄, 監牢獄, 監
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	監牢獄, 監獄
	Qingdao	監牢獄
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	監, 牢
	Zhengzhou	監獄, 監, 牢
	Xi'an	監獄, 監, 牢
	Xining	牢, 班房
	Xuzhou	監獄, 牢, 大圈兒, 八號兒
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	班房子, 獄監
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	監獄, 牢, 班房
	Lanzhou	監獄, 班房子, 班房
	Ürümqi	監獄, 牢, 笆籬子, 班房子
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	牢, 班房
	Wuhan	監獄, 牢, 班房
	Guiyang	監獄, 班房
	Kunming	監獄, 牢, 班房
	Guilin	監獄, 牢
	Liuzhou	監獄, 牢
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	牢
	Yangzhou	牢監, 牢, 班房
	Nantong	監牢, 牢
	Hefei	監獄
Cantonese	Guangzhou	監倉
	Hong Kong	監獄, 監倉, 祠堂
Gan	Nanchang	牢監, 班房
	Pingxiang	班房
Hakka	Meixian	監房
	Yudu	班房
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	監獄
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	監獄仔
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	監獄
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	監獄
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	監獄
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	監獄
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	監獄
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	監獄
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	監獄
Huizhou	Jixi	監牢
	Shexian	監牢, 牢
Jin	Taiyuan	牢, 班房
	Xinzhou	監牢, 監, 牢房, 牢, 班房
	Linhe	監獄, 監, 牢, 班房子
	Jining	班房
	Hohhot	監獄, 監, 牢, 獄, 班房
	Zhangjiakou	監獄, 牢
	Handan	監獄, 房子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	班房
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	監牢
Southern Min	Xiamen	監獄, 監牢, 班館, 館仔 dated, 櫳仔 dated, 櫳間 dated, 鴿仔空 dated
	Quanzhou	監獄, 監牢
	Zhangzhou	監獄, 監牢, 班館, 館仔 dated, 櫳仔 dated
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	監獄, 監牢
	Kaohsiung	監獄
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	監獄, 櫳仔內
	Yilan (Toucheng)	監獄
	Tainan	監獄, 監牢, 櫳仔, 櫳仔間, 內籬仔 GT
	Tainan (Anping)	監獄, 櫳仔內
	Penghu (Xiyu)	監獄, 櫳仔內
	Penang (Hokkien)	跤跔, 跤跔間
	Singapore (Hokkien)	監牢, 釘鏈間
	Manila (Hokkien)	跤跔, 監獄
	Shantou	監獄
	Singapore (Teochew)	釘鏈間, 監牢
	Leizhou	監倉
Wu	Shanghai	監牢, 牢監
	Shanghai (Chongming)	監牢
	Danyang	監牢
	Hangzhou	牢監
	Ningbo	牢監, 監牢
	Wenzhou	牢監, 班房
	Jinhua	監牢
Xiang	Loudi	班房, 籠子
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Japanese

Kanji

獄

(Jōyō kanji)

1. jail, prison

Readings

• Go-on: ごく (goku, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: ぎょく (gyoku)
• Kun: ひとや (hitoya, 獄)

Compounds

• 獄(ごく)衣(い) (gokui): prison clothes
• 獄則(ごくそく) (gokusoku): prison rules
• 地(じ)獄(ごく) (jigoku): hell
• 辺獄(へんごく) (hengoku): (theology) limbo
• 煉獄(れんごく) (rengoku): (theology) purgatory

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
獄
ごく Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 獄／狱 (ngjowk, “prison”).

Noun

獄(ごく) • (goku) 

1. prison

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
獄
ひとや Grade: S
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
人屋 囚獄

Compound of 人 (hito, “human”) +‎ 屋 (ya, “house”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ひとや [hìtóyá] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [çi̥to̞ja̠]

Noun

獄(ひとや) • (hitoya) 

1. prison

Korean

Hanja

獄 • (ok) (hangeul 옥)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

獄: Hán Nôm readings: ngục

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Nôm: ngục

References

• Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
• Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
• Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999