lexicon

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See also: léxicon

English

WOTD – 12 December 2006
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

Through Middle French or directly from New Latin lexicon, from Byzantine Greek λεξικόν (lexikón, “a lexicon, a dictionary”), ellipsis from Ancient Greek λεξικὸν βιβλίον (lexikòn biblíon, literally “a book of words”), from λεξικός (lexikós, “of words”), from λέξις (léxis, “a saying, speech, word”), from λέγω (légō, “to speak”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to gather, collect”).

Attested at least since 1583 (in William Fulke's A Defense of the Sincere and True Translations of the Holy Scriptures into the English tongue) in the sense 'a dictionary of a classical language'.

Pronunciation

Noun

lexicon (plural lexica or lexicons)

  1. The vocabulary of a language.
    Synonyms: word-hoard, word-stock
    Coordinate term: lexis
    • 1979, Charles C. Lemert, “Language, Structure, and Measurement: Structuralist Semiotics and Sociology”, in The American Journal of Sociology, volume 84, number 4, page 944:
      Formalism seeks to correct this deficiency by translating verbal texts into formal, mathematizable lexicons which are then manipulated into general propositions.
  2. (lexicography, linguistics) A dictionary that includes or focuses on lexemes.
    Synonym: wordbook
    • 2000, Mary Depew, Dirk Obbink, Matrices of Genre: Authors, Canons, and Society, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, page 10, →ISBN:
      Sluiter examines a tension inherent in such scholarly works as lexica, scholia, epitomai, and commentaries: although the very titles of these works claim no more than secondary status, their authors engage nonetheless in a rhetoric of self-legitimation.
  3. A dictionary of Classical Greek, Hebrew, Latin, or Aramaic.
  4. (programming) The lexicology of a programming language. (Usually called lexical structure.)
  5. (rare) Any dictionary.
  6. The vocabulary used by or known to an individual. (Also called lexical knowledge.)
    Coordinate term: idiolect
  7. A set of vocabulary specific to a certain subject.
    the baseball lexicon
    • 2002, Robert Wuthnow, Vocabularies Of Public Life, page 171:
      Turns, twists, walks, runs, falls, and somersaults, along with many other movements, are the specific vocabularic elements which make up the lexicon of dance.
    1. A list thereof.
      Synonym: glossary
      a baseball lexicon

Derived terms

Translations

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Further reading

Verb

lexicon (third-person singular simple present lexicons, present participle lexiconing, simple past and past participle lexiconed)

  1. (transitive) To add to a lexicon.
    • 2011 September 1, Harry Pearson, “London 2012 can legacy by verbing the noun”, in The Guardian‎[1]:
      Vocab-wise, medalling and PB-ing are now totally part-and-parcelled, and most experts in South Korea believe podiumed, finalled and all-comered are not far off lexiconing.
  2. (film) To shorten a soundtrack to fit a shortened version of a movie.
    • 1991 July 26, Beth Hawkins, “A Call for Legal Action Against Film Alterations : Movies: Six prominent filmmakers join a N.Y. congressman in asking for warning labels if a film has been ‘colorized,’ ‘lexiconed’ or compressed.”, in Los Angeles Times‎[2]:
      Mrazek’s legislation would discourage time compression, a technique used to speed up a movie, and “lexiconing,” a process of altering the soundtrack to match the shorter, compressed version.

Anagrams

Dutch

Etymology

From New Latin lexicon, from Ancient Greek λεξικόν (lexikón, “a lexicon”), neuter of λεξικός (lexikós, “of words”).

Pronunciation

  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: lexi‧con

Noun

lexicon n (plural lexicons or lexica, diminutive lexiconnetje n)

  1. (clarification of this definition is needed) lexicon

Further reading

Latin

Latin Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia la

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Byzantine Greek λεξικόν (lexikón, “a lexicon”), which is an ellipsis from Ancient Greek λεξικὸν βιβλίον (lexikòn biblíon, literally “a book of words”), from λεξικός (lexikós, “of words”), from λέξις (léxis, “a saying, speech, word”), from λέγω (légō, “to speak”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to gather, collect”).

Attested at least since Girolamo Aleandro's Lexicon graeco-latinum, multis et praeclaris additionibus locupletatum (1512).

Pronunciation

Noun

lexicon n (genitive lexicī); second declension

  1. (New Latin) a dictionary, a lexicon

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter, Greek-type).

Case Singular Plural
Nominative lexicon lexica
Genitive lexicī lexicōrum
Dative lexicō lexicīs
Accusative lexicon lexica
Ablative lexicō lexicīs
Vocative lexicon lexica

Descendants

  • → Dutch: lexicon m
  • → German: Lexikon, Lexicon
  • → Middle French: lexicon m
    • French: lexique m
    • → English: lexicon (possibly; or directly from Latin)

References

  • “lexicon”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • lexicon in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎[3], pre-publication website, 2005-2016

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin lexicon or French lexicon.

Noun

lexicon n (plural lexicoane)

  1. lexicon

Declension

Declension of lexicon
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) lexicon lexiconul (niște) lexicoane lexicoanele
genitive/dative (unui) lexicon lexiconului (unor) lexicoane lexicoanelor
vocative lexiconule lexicoanelor
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