Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/burdą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Of uncertain origin; possibly from earlier *brezdą ~ *burzdnaz (“edge, board”) (whence also Old High German borto, Faroese breddi), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰérsdʰ-ō ~ *bʰr̥sdʰ-nés, from *bʰers- (“tip, edge”) +‎ *-dʰh₁eti (compare Sanskrit: भृस्ति (bhṛstí, “tip, edge”)). Alternatively perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHdʰ-, from *bʰerH- (“to strike, pierce; to work with sharp tools”) +‎ *-dʰh₁eti. Possible cognate with Proto-Slavic *bьrdo (“comb, reed”). Or, compare instead Lithuanian bartà (“board”). Note that all of these explanations require the e-grade byform *bredą to be back-formed, when a root *bred- would otherwise be the simplest explanation.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbur.ðɑ̃/

Noun

*burdą n

1. board, plank
2. table
3. edge

Alternative reconstructions

• *burzdą
• *burdô

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *burdą (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*burdą	*burdō
vocative	*burdą	*burdō
accusative	*burdą	*burdō
genitive	*burdas, *burdis	*burdǫ̂
dative	*burdai	*burdamaz
instrumental	*burdō	*burdamiz

Related terms

• *bredą
  • Proto-West Germanic: *bred
    • Old English: bred
      • Middle English: bred, brede
        • English: (dialectal) bred, bread, braid, brade, brad
        • Scots: bred, braid, brad
  • Old Frisian: *bred
    • Saterland Frisian: Brääd
    • West Frisian: bret
  • Old Saxon: bred
    • Middle Low German: bred, bret
      • German Low German: Bredd, Brett
    • Old Dutch: *bred
      • Middle Dutch: bret, bert, bart, bort
        • Dutch: bred, berd
    • Old High German: bret
      • Middle High German: bret
        • German: Brett
        • Vilamovian: braot
        • Yiddish: ברעט (bret)
• *bruzdô, *bruzdaz (“point, tip, shoot, edge?”) (probably, per Kroonen's theory)
• *bardō (“axe”) (possibly)
• *bardaz (“beard”) (possibly)

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *bord
  • Old English: bord
    • → Cornish: bord
    • Middle English: bord
      • English: board
      • Scots: buird
      • Yola: borde
    • → Old Irish: bord
      • Middle Irish: bord
        • Irish: bord
        • Manx: boayrd
        • Scottish Gaelic: bòrd
    • → Middle Welsh: bort
      • Welsh: bord
    • → Middle Welsh: bwrð
      • Welsh: bwrdd
  • Old Frisian: bord
    • Saterland Frisian: Boud
    • West Frisian: board
  • Old Saxon: bord
    • Middle Low German: bōrt
      • German Low German: Boord
  • Old Dutch: *bort
    • Middle Dutch: bort
      • Dutch: bord
        • Afrikaans: bord
  • Old High German: bort
    • Middle High German: bort
      • German: Bord
  • → Medieval Latin: bordum (see there for further descendants)
• Old Norse: borð
  • Icelandic: borð
  • Faroese: borð
  • Norn: børd
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: bord
  • Elfdalian: buord
  • Old Swedish: borþ
    • Swedish: bord
  • Danish: bord
    • Norwegian Bokmål: bord
  • Gutnish: bord, bor, bård
  • → Norman: bord (Jersey)
• Gothic: *𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳 (*baurd)
  • ⇒ Gothic: 𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳 (fōtubaurd)
• → Proto-Finnic: *pordas, *purci, *purdëh (see there for further descendants)