Conjugaison:anglais

La conjugaison anglaise est caractérisée par un faible nombre de formes verbales différentes (quatre pour les verbes réguliers et de cinq à huit pour les verbes irréguliers), ce qui la rend, au premier abord, moins complexe que la conjugaison française par exemple. Il y a néanmoins beaucoup de verbes irréguliers, souvent d’origine germanique.

Structure

L’anglais est une langue très analytique et la conjugaison verbale en est donc périphrastique. La polarité, le temps, le mode, l’aspect et la voix sont montrés séparément dans l’ordre fixé comme dans l’exemple suivant :

Polarité	Temps	Mode	Aspect		Voix	Verbe
-∅ (affirmatif) -n’t (négatif)	-s (non-passé) -ed (passé)	∅ (simple) will (futur)	∅ (inaccompli) have -en (accompli)	∅ (perfectif) be -ing (progressif)	∅ (actif) be -en (passif)	give

Les suffixes dans ce tableau se combinent avec l’auxiliaire ou le verbe suivant immédiatement. Par exemple, la forme la plus compliquée est créée comme ci-dessous :

Négatif	Passé	Futur	Accompli		Progressif		Passif		Verbe
-n’t	-ed	will	have	-en	be	-ing	be	-en	give
	would		have	been		being		given
wouldn’t

Le suffixe -n’t ne peut se combiner qu’avec un auxiliaire ou be, et un verbe ordinaire doit prendre l’auxiliaire do pour être négatif. Les six colonnes ont deux choix chacune, et ils produisent les 64 (2⁶) formes suivantes :

Polarité	Temps	Mode	Aspect		Voix	Verbe	Résultat
-∅	-s	∅	∅	∅	∅	give	it gives
-∅	-s	∅	∅	∅	be -en	give	it is given
-∅	-s	∅	∅	be -ing	∅	give	it is giving
-∅	-s	∅	∅	be -ing	be -en	give	it is being given
-∅	-s	∅	have -en	∅	∅	give	it has given
-∅	-s	∅	have -en	∅	be -en	give	it has been given
-∅	-s	∅	have -en	be -ing	∅	give	it has been giving
-∅	-s	∅	have -en	be -ing	be -en	give	it has been being given
-∅	-s	will	∅	∅	∅	give	it will give
-∅	-s	will	∅	∅	be -en	give	it will be given
-∅	-s	will	∅	be -ing	∅	give	it will be giving
-∅	-s	will	∅	be -ing	be -en	give	it will be being given
-∅	-s	will	have -en	∅	∅	give	it will have given
-∅	-s	will	have -en	∅	be -en	give	it will have been given
-∅	-s	will	have -en	be -ing	∅	give	it will have been giving
-∅	-s	will	have -en	be -ing	be -en	give	it will have been being given
-∅	-ed	∅	∅	∅	∅	give	it gave
-∅	-ed	∅	∅	∅	be -en	give	it was given
-∅	-ed	∅	∅	be -ing	∅	give	it was giving
-∅	-ed	∅	∅	be -ing	be -en	give	it was being given
-∅	-ed	∅	have -en	∅	∅	give	it had given
-∅	-ed	∅	have -en	∅	be -en	give	it had been given
-∅	-ed	∅	have -en	be -ing	∅	give	it had been giving
-∅	-ed	∅	have -en	be -ing	be -en	give	it had been being given
-∅	-ed	will	∅	∅	∅	give	it would give
-∅	-ed	will	∅	∅	be -en	give	it would be given
-∅	-ed	will	∅	be -ing	∅	give	it would be giving
-∅	-ed	will	∅	be -ing	be -en	give	it would be being given
-∅	-ed	will	have -en	∅	∅	give	it would have given
-∅	-ed	will	have -en	∅	be -en	give	it would have been given
-∅	-ed	will	have -en	be -ing	∅	give	it would have been giving
-∅	-ed	will	have -en	be -ing	be -en	give	it would have been being given
-n’t	-s	∅	∅	∅	∅	do give	it doesn’t give
-n’t	-s	∅	∅	∅	be -en	give	it isn’t given
-n’t	-s	∅	∅	be -ing	∅	give	it isn’t giving
-n’t	-s	∅	∅	be -ing	be -en	give	it isn’t being given
-n’t	-s	∅	have -en	∅	∅	give	it hasn’t given
-n’t	-s	∅	have -en	∅	be -en	give	it hasn’t been given
-n’t	-s	∅	have -en	be -ing	∅	give	it hasn’t been giving
-n’t	-s	∅	have -en	be -ing	be -en	give	it hasn’t been being given
-n’t	-s	will	∅	∅	∅	give	it won’t give
-n’t	-s	will	∅	∅	be -en	give	it won’t be given
-n’t	-s	will	∅	be -ing	∅	give	it won’t be giving
-n’t	-s	will	∅	be -ing	be -en	give	it won’t be being given
-n’t	-s	will	have -en	∅	∅	give	it won’t have given
-n’t	-s	will	have -en	∅	be -en	give	it won’t have been given
-n’t	-s	will	have -en	be -ing	∅	give	it won’t have been giving
-n’t	-s	will	have -en	be -ing	be -en	give	it won’t have been being given
-n’t	-ed	∅	∅	∅	∅	do give	it didn’t give
-n’t	-ed	∅	∅	∅	be -en	give	it wasn’t given
-n’t	-ed	∅	∅	be -ing	∅	give	it wasn’t giving
-n’t	-ed	∅	∅	be -ing	be -en	give	it wasn’t being given
-n’t	-ed	∅	have -en	∅	∅	give	it hadn’t given
-n’t	-ed	∅	have -en	∅	be -en	give	it hadn’t been given
-n’t	-ed	∅	have -en	be -ing	∅	give	it hadn’t been giving
-n’t	-ed	∅	have -en	be -ing	be -en	give	it hadn’t been being given
-n’t	-ed	will	∅	∅	∅	give	it wouldn’t give
-n’t	-ed	will	∅	∅	be -en	give	it wouldn’t be given
-n’t	-ed	will	∅	be -ing	∅	give	it wouldn’t be giving
-n’t	-ed	will	∅	be -ing	be -en	give	it wouldn’t be being given
-n’t	-ed	will	have -en	∅	∅	give	it wouldn’t have given
-n’t	-ed	will	have -en	∅	be -en	give	it wouldn’t have been given
-n’t	-ed	will	have -en	be -ing	∅	give	it wouldn’t have been giving
-n’t	-ed	will	have -en	be -ing	be -en	give	it wouldn’t have been being given

Conjugaison

Le présent

Présent affirmatif

		Verbes irréguliers				Verbes réguliers
		be	have	do	give	call	talk
Singulier	1re	I am	I have	I do	I give	I call	I talk
	2e	you are	you have	you do	you give	you call	you talk
	3e	he is she is it is	he has she has it has	he does she does it does	he gives she gives it gives	he calls she calls it calls	he talks she talks it talks
Pluriel	1re	we are	we have	we do	we give	we call	we talk
	2e	you are	you have	you do	you give	you call	you talk
	3e	they are	they have	they do	they give	they call	they talk

Présent négatif

		Verbes irréguliers				Verbes réguliers
		be	have	do	give	call	talk
Singulier	1re	I am not	I don’t have	I don’t do	I don’t give	I don’t call	I don’t talk
	2e	you aren’t	you don’t have	you don’t do	you don’t give	you don’t call	you don’t talk
	3e	he isn’t she isn’t it isn’t	he doesn’t have she doesn’t have it doesn’t have	he doesn’t do she doesn’t do it doesn’t do	he doesn’t give she doesn’t give it doesn’t give	he doesn’t call she doesn’t call it doesn’t call	he doesn’t talk she doesn’t talk it doesn’t talk
Pluriel	1re	we aren’t	we don’t have	we don’t do	we don’t give	we don’t call	we don’t talk
	2e	you aren’t	you don’t have	you don’t do	you don’t give	you don’t call	you don’t talk
	3e	they aren’t	they don’t have	they don’t do	they don’t give	they don’t call	they don’t talk

Hormis le verbe be (I am), le verbe ne varie qu’à la troisième personne du singulier où on ajoute -s.

Le passé

Passé affirmatif

		Verbes irréguliers				Verbes réguliers
		be	have	do	give	call	talk
Singulier	1re	I was	I had	I did	I gave	I called	I talked
	2e	you were	you had	you did	you gave	you called	you talked
	3e	he was she was it was	he had she had it had	he did she did it did	he gave she gave it gave	he called she called it called	he talked she talked it talked
Pluriel	1re	we were	we had	we did	we gave	we called	we talked
	2e	you were	you had	you did	you gave	you called	you talked
	3e	they were	they had	they did	they gave	they called	they talked

Passé négatif

		Verbes irréguliers				Verbes réguliers
		be	have	do	give	call	talk
Singulier	1re	I wasn’t	I didn’t have	I didn’t do	I didn’t give	I didn’t call	I didn’t talk
	2e	you weren’t	you didn’t have	you didn’t do	you didn’t give	you didn’t call	you didn’t talk
	3e	he wasn’t she wasn’t it wasn’t	he didn’t have she didn’t have it didn’t have	he didn’t do she didn’t do it didn’t do	he didn’t give she didn’t give it didn’t give	he didn’t call she didn’t call it didn’t call	he didn’t talk she didn’t talk it didn’t talk
Pluriel	1re	we weren’t	we didn’t have	we didn’t do	we didn’t give	we didn’t call	we didn’t talk
	2e	you weren’t	you didn’t have	you didn’t do	you didn’t give	you didn’t call	you didn’t talk
	3e	they weren’t	they didn’t have	they didn’t do	they didn’t give	they didn’t call	they didn’t talk

On ajoute le suffixe -ed pour former le prétérit. Le verbe ne varie pas selon la personne.

Le présent accompli et le passé accompli

Présent accompli affirmatif

		Verbes irréguliers				Verbes réguliers
		be	have	do	give	call	talk
Singulier	1re	I have been	I have had	I have done	I have given	I have called	I have talked
	2e	you have been	you have had	you have done	you have given	you have called	you have talked
	3e	he has been she has been it has been	he has had she has had it has had	he has done she has done it has done	he has given she has given it has given	he has called she has called it has called	he has talked she has talked it has talked
Pluriel	1re	we have been	we have had	we have done	we have given	we have called	we have talked
	2e	you have been	you have had	you have done	you have given	you have called	you have talked
	3e	they have been	they have had	they have done	they have given	they have called	they have talked

Présent accompli affirmatif (contraction)

		Verbes irréguliers				Verbes réguliers
		be	have	do	give	call	talk
Singulier	1re	I’ve been	I’ve had	I’ve done	I’ve given	I’ve called	I’ve talked
	2e	you’ve been	you’ve had	you’ve done	you’ve given	you’ve called	you’ve talked
	3e	he’s been she’s been it’s been	he’s had she’s had it’s had	he’s done she’s done it’s done	he’s given she’s given it’s given	he’s called she’s called it’s called	he’s talked she’s talked it’s talked
Pluriel	1re	we’ve been	we’ve had	we’ve done	we’ve given	we’ve called	we’ve talked
	2e	you’ve been	you’ve had	you’ve done	you’ve given	you’ve called	you’ve talked
	3e	they’ve been	they’ve had	they’ve done	they’ve given	they’ve called	they’ve talked

Présent accompli négatif

		Verbes irréguliers				Verbes réguliers
		be	have	do	give	call	talk
Singulier	1re	I haven’t been	I haven’t had	I haven’t done	I haven’t given	I haven’t called	I haven’t talked
	2e	you haven’t been	you haven’t had	you haven’t done	you haven’t given	you haven’t called	you haven’t talked
	3e	he hasn’t been she hasn’t been it hasn’t been	he hasn’t had she hasn’t had it hasn’t had	he hasn’t done she hasn’t done it hasn’t done	he hasn’t given she hasn’t given it hasn’t given	he hasn’t called she hasn’t called it hasn’t called	he hasn’t talked she hasn’t talked it hasn’t talked
Pluriel	1re	we haven’t been	we haven’t had	we haven’t done	we haven’t given	we haven’t called	we haven’t talked
	2e	you haven’t been	you haven’t had	you haven’t done	you haven’t given	you haven’t called	you haven’t talked
	3e	they haven’t been	they haven’t had	they haven’t done	they haven’t given	they haven’t called	they haven’t talked

Passé accompli affirmatif

		Verbes irréguliers				Verbes réguliers
		be	have	do	give	call	talk
Singulier	1re	I had been	I had had	I had done	I had given	I had called	I had talked
	2e	you had been	you had had	you had done	you had given	you had called	you had talked
	3e	he had been she had been it had been	he had had she had had it had had	he had done she had done it had done	he had given she had given it had given	he had called she had called it had called	he had talked she had talked it had talked
Pluriel	1re	we had been	we had had	we had done	we had given	we had called	we had talked
	2e	you had been	you had had	you had done	you had given	you had called	you had talked
	3e	they had been	they had had	they had done	they had given	they had called	they had talked

Passé accompli affirmatif (contraction)

		Verbes irréguliers				Verbes réguliers
		be	have	do	give	call	talk
Singulier	1re	I’d been	I’d had	I’d done	I’d given	I’d called	I’d talked
	2e	you’d been	you’d had	you’d done	you’d given	you’d called	you’d talked
	3e	he’d been she’d been it’d been	he’d had she’d had it’d had	he’d done she’d done it’d done	he’d given she’d given it’d given	he’d called she’d called it’d called	he’d talked she’d talked it’d talked
Pluriel	1re	we’d been	we’d had	we’d done	we’d given	we’d called	we’d talked
	2e	you’d been	you’d had	you’d done	you’d given	you’d called	you’d talked
	3e	they’d been	they’d had	they’d done	they’d given	they’d called	they’d talked

Passé accompli négatif

		Verbes irréguliers				Verbes réguliers
		be	have	do	give	call	talk
Singulier	1re	I hadn’t been	I hadn’t had	I hadn’t done	I hadn’t given	I hadn’t called	I hadn’t talked
	2e	you hadn’t been	you hadn’t had	you hadn’t done	you hadn’t given	you hadn’t called	you hadn’t talked
	3e	he hadn’t been she hadn’t been it hadn’t been	he hadn’t had she hadn’t had it hadn’t had	he hadn’t done she hadn’t done it hadn’t done	he hadn’t given she hadn’t given it hadn’t given	he hadn’t called she hadn’t called it hadn’t called	he hadn’t talked she hadn’t talked it hadn’t talked
Pluriel	1re	we hadn’t been	we hadn’t had	we hadn’t done	we hadn’t given	we hadn’t called	we hadn’t talked
	2e	you hadn’t been	you hadn’t had	you hadn’t done	you hadn’t given	you hadn’t called	you hadn’t talked
	3e	they hadn’t been	they hadn’t had	they hadn’t done	they hadn’t given	they hadn’t called	they hadn’t talked

On ajoute également le suffixe -ed pour former le participe passé des verbes réguliers. L’aspect accompli se forme avec l’auxiliaire have qui a la conjugaison marquée ci-dessus. Pour les verbes réguliers, le participe passé et le prétérit ont la même forme et la même prononciation. Le présent accompli en anglais est structurellement identique au passé composé en français, mais il ne signifie qu’un résultat ou une expérience au point de vue du présent, et il ne s’utilise donc pas avec un adverbe de temps du passé.

Le futur

Will affirmatif

		Verbes irréguliers				Verbes réguliers
		be	have	do	give	call	talk
Singulier	1re	I will be	I will have	I will do	I will give	I will call	I will talk
	2e	you will be	you will have	you will do	you will give	you will call	you will talk
	3e	he will be she will be it will be	he will have she will have it will have	he will do she will do it will do	he will give she will give it will give	he will call she will call it will call	he will talk she will talk it will talk
Pluriel	1re	we will be	we will have	we will do	we will give	we will call	we will talk
	2e	you will be	you will have	you will do	you will give	you will call	you will talk
	3e	they will be	they will have	they will do	they will give	they will call	they will talk

Will affirmatif (contraction)

		Verbes irréguliers				Verbes réguliers
		be	have	do	give	call	talk
Singulier	1re	I’ll be	I’ll have	I’ll do	I’ll give	I’ll call	I’ll talk
	2e	you’ll be	you’ll have	you’ll do	you’ll give	you’ll call	you’ll talk
	3e	he’ll be she’ll be it’ll be	he’ll have she’ll have it’ll have	he’ll do she’ll do it’ll do	he’ll give she’ll give it’ll give	he’ll call she’ll call it’ll call	he’ll talk she’ll talk it’ll talk
Pluriel	1re	we’ll be	we’ll have	we’ll do	we’ll give	we’ll call	we’ll talk
	2e	you’ll be	you’ll have	you’ll do	you’ll give	you’ll call	you’ll talk
	3e	they’ll be	they’ll have	they’ll do	they’ll give	they’ll call	they’ll talk

Will négatif

		Verbes irréguliers				Verbes réguliers
		be	have	do	give	call	talk
Singulier	1re	I won’t be	I won’t have	I won’t do	I won’t give	I won’t call	I won’t talk
	2e	you won’t be	you won’t have	you won’t do	you won’t give	you won’t call	you won’t talk
	3e	he won’t be she won’t be it won’t be	he won’t have she won’t have it won’t have	he won’t do she won’t do it won’t do	he won’t give she won’t give it won’t give	he won’t call she won’t call it won’t call	he won’t talk she won’t talk it won’t talk
Pluriel	1re	we won’t be	we won’t have	we won’t do	we won’t give	we won’t call	we won’t talk
	2e	you won’t be	you won’t have	you won’t do	you won’t give	you won’t call	you won’t talk
	3e	they won’t be	they won’t have	they won’t do	they won’t give	they won’t call	they won’t talk

Shall affirmatif

		Verbes irréguliers				Verbes réguliers
		be	have	do	give	call	talk
Singulier	1re	I shall be	I shall have	I shall do	I shall give	I shall call	I shall talk
	2e	you shall be	you shall have	you shall do	you shall give	you shall call	you shall talk
	3e	he shall be she shall be it shall be	he shall have she shall have it shall have	he shall do she shall do it shall do	he shall give she shall give it shall give	he shall call she shall call it shall call	he shall talk she shall talk it shall talk
Pluriel	1re	we shall be	we shall have	we shall do	we shall give	we shall call	we shall talk
	2e	you shall be	you shall have	you shall do	you shall give	you shall call	you shall talk
	3e	they shall be	they shall have	they shall do	they shall give	they shall call	they shall talk

Le futur se forme avec l’auxiliaire will qui reste invariable. L’auxiliaire shall, aussi invariable et pouvant servir à exprimer le futur, est de plus en plus rare, et est surtout utilisé dans les questions comme formule de politesse :

• Shall you ask him, or shall I? - Lui demanderas-tu, ou dois-je le faire ? (question polie)
• Will you ask him, or shall I? - la même question, mais posée de façon neutre ; shall est prescrit pour le pronom I dans les questions
• Will you ask him, or will I? - Lui demanderas-tu, ou le ferai-je ?
  contexte envisageable : question ironiquement posée, ou bien l’on se parle sincèrement au sujet d’une décision à prendre ou de sa destinée

Le futur du passé

Futur du passé affirmatif

		Verbes irréguliers				Verbes réguliers
		be	have	do	give	call	talk
Singulier	1re	I would be	I would have	I would do	I would give	I would call	I would talk
	2e	you would be	you would have	you would do	you would give	you would call	you would talk
	3e	he would be she would be it would be	he would have she would have it would have	he would do she would do it would do	he would give she would give it would give	he would call she would call it would call	he would talk she would talk it would talk
Pluriel	1re	we would be	we would have	we would do	we would give	we would call	we would talk
	2e	you would be	you would have	you would do	you would give	you would call	you would talk
	3e	they would be	they would have	they would do	they would give	they would call	they would talk

Futur du passé affirmatif (contraction)

		Verbes irréguliers				Verbes réguliers
		be	have	do	give	call	talk
Singulier	1re	I’d be	I’d have	I’d do	I’d give	I’d call	I’d talk
	2e	you’d be	you’d have	you’d do	you’d give	you’d call	you’d talk
	3e	he’d be she’d be it’d be	he’d have she’d have it’d have	he’d do she’d do it’d do	he’d give she’d give it’d give	he’d call she’d call it’d call	he’d talk she’d talk it’d talk
Pluriel	1re	we’d be	we’d have	we’d do	we’d give	we’d call	we’d talk
	2e	you’d be	you’d have	you’d do	you’d give	you’d call	you’d talk
	3e	they’d be	they’d have	they’d do	they’d give	they’d call	they’d talk

Futur du passé négatif

		Verbes irréguliers				Verbes réguliers
		be	have	do	give	call	talk
Singulier	1re	I wouldn’t be	I wouldn’t have	I wouldn’t do	I wouldn’t give	I wouldn’t call	I wouldn’t talk
	2e	you wouldn’t be	you wouldn’t have	you wouldn’t do	you wouldn’t give	you wouldn’t call	you wouldn’t talk
	3e	he wouldn’t be she wouldn’t be it wouldn’t be	he wouldn’t have she wouldn’t have it wouldn’t have	he wouldn’t do she wouldn’t do it wouldn’t do	he wouldn’t give she wouldn’t give it wouldn’t give	he wouldn’t call she wouldn’t call it wouldn’t call	he wouldn’t talk she wouldn’t talk it wouldn’t talk
Pluriel	1re	we wouldn’t be	we wouldn’t have	we wouldn’t do	we wouldn’t give	we wouldn’t call	we wouldn’t talk
	2e	you wouldn’t be	you wouldn’t have	you wouldn’t do	you wouldn’t give	you wouldn’t call	you wouldn’t talk
	3e	they wouldn’t be	they wouldn’t have	they wouldn’t do	they wouldn’t give	they wouldn’t call	they wouldn’t talk

Le futur du passé (identique au conditionnel en français) se forme avec l’auxiliaire would qui reste invariable.

Le présent progressif et le passé progressif

Présent progressif affirmatif

		Verbes irréguliers				Verbes réguliers
		be	have	do	give	call	talk
Singulier	1re	I am being	I am having	I am doing	I am giving	I am calling	I am talking
	2e	you are being	you are having	you are doing	you are giving	you are calling	you are talking
	3e	he is being she is being it is being	he is having she is having it is having	he is doing she is doing it is doing	he is giving she is giving it is giving	he is calling she is calling it is calling	he is talking she is talking it is talking
Pluriel	1re	we are being	we are having	we are doing	we are giving	we are calling	we are talking
	2e	you are being	you are having	you are doing	you are giving	you are calling	you are talking
	3e	they are being	they are having	they are doing	they are giving	they are calling	they are talking

Présent progressif affirmatif (contraction)

		Verbes irréguliers				Verbes réguliers
		be	have	do	give	call	talk
Singulier	1re	I’m being	I’m having	I’m doing	I’m giving	I’m calling	I’m talking
	2e	you’re being	you’re having	you’re doing	you’re giving	you’re calling	you’re talking
	3e	he’s being she’s being it’s being	he’s having she’s having it’s having	he’s doing she’s doing it’s doing	he’s giving she’s giving it’s giving	he’s calling she’s calling it’s calling	he’s talking she’s talking it’s talking
Pluriel	1re	we’re being	we’re having	we’re doing	we’re giving	we’re calling	we’re talking
	2e	you’re being	you’re having	you’re doing	you’re giving	you’re calling	you’re talking
	3e	they’re being	they’re having	they’re doing	they’re giving	they’re calling	they’re talking

Présent progressif négatif

		Verbes irréguliers				Verbes réguliers
		be	have	do	give	call	talk
Singulier	1re	I am not being	I am not having	I am not doing	I am not giving	I am not calling	I am not talking
	2e	you aren’t being	you aren’t having	you aren’t doing	you aren’t giving	you aren’t calling	you aren’t talking
	3e	he isn’t being she isn’t being it isn’t being	he isn’t having she isn’t having it isn’t having	he isn’t doing she isn’t doing it isn’t doing	he isn’t giving she isn’t giving it isn’t giving	he isn’t calling she isn’t calling it isn’t calling	he isn’t talking she isn’t talking it isn’t talking
Pluriel	1re	we aren’t being	we aren’t having	we aren’t doing	we aren’t giving	we aren’t calling	we aren’t talking
	2e	you aren’t being	you aren’t having	you aren’t doing	you aren’t giving	you aren’t calling	you aren’t talking
	3e	they aren’t being	they aren’t having	they aren’t doing	they aren’t giving	they aren’t calling	they aren’t talking

Passé progressif affirmatif

		Verbes irréguliers				Verbes réguliers
		be	have	do	give	call	talk
Singulier	1re	I was being	I was having	I was doing	I was giving	I was calling	I was talking
	2e	you were being	you were having	you were doing	you were giving	you were calling	you were talking
	3e	he was being she was being it was being	he was having she was having it was having	he was doing she was doing it was doing	he was giving she was giving it was giving	he was calling she was calling it was calling	he was talking she was talking it was talking
Pluriel	1re	we were being	we were having	we were doing	we were giving	we were calling	we were talking
	2e	you were being	you were having	you were doing	you were giving	you were calling	you were talking
	3e	they were being	they were having	they were doing	they were giving	they were calling	they were talking

Passé progressif négatif

		Verbes irréguliers				Verbes réguliers
		be	have	do	give	call	talk
Singulier	1re	I wasn’t being	I wasn’t having	I wasn’t doing	I wasn’t giving	I wasn’t calling	I wasn’t talking
	2e	you weren’t being	you weren’t having	you weren’t doing	you weren’t giving	you weren’t calling	you weren’t talking
	3e	he wasn’t being she wasn’t being it wasn’t being	he wasn’t having she wasn’t having it wasn’t having	he wasn’t doing she wasn’t doing it wasn’t doing	he wasn’t giving she wasn’t giving it wasn’t giving	he wasn’t calling she wasn’t calling it wasn’t calling	he wasn’t talking she wasn’t talking it wasn’t talking
Pluriel	1re	we weren’t being	we weren’t having	we weren’t doing	we weren’t giving	we weren’t calling	we weren’t talking
	2e	you weren’t being	you weren’t having	you weren’t doing	you weren’t giving	you weren’t calling	you weren’t talking
	3e	they weren’t being	they weren’t having	they weren’t doing	they weren’t giving	they weren’t calling	they weren’t talking

Le présent progressif se forme à partir de l’auxiliaire be au présent (am, are et is) et du participe présent du verbe conjugué. Le participe présent est formé en ajoutant -ing à l’infinif, et s’il y a un -e muet, on l’enlève (give, giving, voir plus bas pour les autres règles). Pour former les autres temps du progressif, on conjugue le verbe be au passé composé, au prétérit, au futur, au conditionnel, etc.

L’impératif et l’hortatif

Impératif

	Verbes irréguliers				Verbes réguliers
	be	have	do	give	call	talk
Affirmatif	be	have	do	give	call	talk
Négatif	don’t be	don’t have	don’t do	don’t give	don’t call	don’t talk

Hortatif

	Verbes irréguliers				Verbes réguliers
	be	have	do	give	call	talk
Affirmatif	let’s be	let’s have	let’s do	let’s give	let’s call	let’s talk
Négatif	let’s not be	let’s not have	let’s not do	let’s not give	let’s not call	let’s not talk

Parce que l’anglais ne distingue plus le singulier du pluriel de la 2^e personne (you), il n’existe qu’une forme de l’impératif, mais on doit distinguer bien les deux pronoms réfléchis yourself (« toi-même ») et yourselves (« vous-mêmes »). L’impératif, comme le subjonctif présent, est toujours identique à l’infinitif. L’hortatif est construit de la locution verbale let’s + verbe.

Le subjonctif

Le subjonctif présent

Subjonctif présent affirmatif

		Verbes irréguliers				Verbes réguliers
		be	have	do	give	call	talk
Singulier	1re	I be	I have	I do	I give	I call	I talk
	2e	you be	you have	you do	you give	you call	you talk
	3e	he be she be it be	he have she have it have	he do she do it do	he give she give it give	he call she call it call	he talk she talk it talk
Pluriel	1re	we be	we have	we do	we give	we call	we talk
	2e	you be	you have	you do	you give	you call	you talk
	3e	they be	they have	they do	they give	they call	they talk

Subjonctif présent négatif

		Verbes irréguliers				Verbes réguliers
		be	have	do	give	call	talk
Singulier	1re	I not be	I not have	I not do	I not give	I not call	I not talk
	2e	you not be	you not have	you not do	you not give	you not call	you not talk
	3e	he not be she not be it not be	he not have she not have it not have	he not do she not do it not do	he not give she not give it not give	he not call she not call it not call	he not talk she not talk it not talk
Pluriel	1re	we not be	we not have	we not do	we not give	we not call	we not talk
	2e	you not be	you not have	you not do	you not give	you not call	you not talk
	3e	they not be	they not have	they not do	they not give	they not call	they not talk

Le subjonctif n’existe presque plus en anglais moderne ; on emploie des structures comme I want him to leave au lieu de I want that he leave. Ici, le verbe leave est au subjonctif car il n’y a pas de -s à leave (he leaves, that he leave). Le subjonctif présent est toujours identique à l’infinitif, ce qui le rend surtout visible quand il s’agit du verbe be :

• I demanded that he be here at nine. - J’ai exigé qu’il soit là à neuf heures.

Le subjonctif passé

Subjonctif passé affirmatif

		Verbes irréguliers				Verbes réguliers
		be	have	do	give	call	talk
Singulier	1re	I were	I had	I did	I gave	I called	I talked
	2e	you were	you had	you did	you gave	you called	you talked
	3e	he were she were it were	he had she had it had	he did she did it did	he gave she gave it gave	he called she called it called	he talked she talked it talked
Pluriel	1re	we were	we had	we did	we gave	we called	we talked
	2e	you were	you had	you did	you gave	you called	you talked
	3e	they were	they had	they did	they gave	they called	they talked

Subjonctif passé négatif

		Verbes irréguliers				Verbes réguliers
		be	have	do	give	call	talk
Singulier	1re	I weren’t	I didn’t have	I didn’t do	I didn’t give	I didn’t call	I didn’t talk
	2e	you weren’t	you didn’t have	you didn’t do	you didn’t give	you didn’t call	you didn’t talk
	3e	he weren’t she weren’t it weren’t	he didn’t have she didn’t have it didn’t have	he didn’t do she didn’t do it didn’t do	he didn’t give she didn’t give it didn’t give	he didn’t call she didn’t call it didn’t call	he didn’t talk she didn’t talk it didn’t talk
Pluriel	1re	we weren’t	we didn’t have	we didn’t do	we didn’t give	we didn’t call	we didn’t talk
	2e	you weren’t	you didn’t have	you didn’t do	you didn’t give	you didn’t call	you didn’t talk
	3e	they weren’t	they didn’t have	they didn’t do	they didn’t give	they didn’t call	they didn’t talk

En anglais, le subjonctif passé n’est pas comparable au subjonctif passé français. Le subjonctif passé est utilisé pour parler du présent, comparable à l’indicatif imparfait dans « si j’étais » en français. Notamment, pour le verbe be, on dit if I were et if he / she / it were au lieu de was. De nos jours, cependant, if I was devient de plus en plus accepté, surtout aux États-Unis.

Voix passive

Présent du passif affirmatif

		Verbes irréguliers			Verbes réguliers
		have	do	give	call	talk
Singulier	1re	I am had	I am done	I am given	I am called	I am talked
	2e	you are had	you are done	you are given	you are called	you are talked
	3e	he is had she is had it is had	he is done she is done it is done	he is given she is given it is given	he is called she is called it is called	he is talked she is talked it is talked
Pluriel	1re	we are had	we are done	we are given	we are called	we are talked
	2e	you are had	you are done	you are given	you are called	you are talked
	3e	they are had	they are done	they are given	they are called	they are talked

Présent du passif affirmatif (contraction)

		Verbes irréguliers			Verbes réguliers
		have	do	give	call	talk
Singulier	1re	I’m had	I’m done	I’m given	I’m called	I’m talked
	2e	you’re had	you’re done	you’re given	you’re called	you’re talked
	3e	he’s had she’s had it’s had	he’s done she’s done it’s done	he’s given she’s given it’s given	he’s called she’s called it’s called	he’s talked she’s talked it’s talked
Pluriel	1re	we’re had	we’re done	we’re given	we’re called	we’re talked
	2e	you’re had	you’re done	you’re given	you’re called	you’re talked
	3e	they’re had	they’re done	they’re given	they’re called	they’re talked

Présent du passif négatif

		Verbes irréguliers			Verbes réguliers
		have	do	give	call	talk
Singulier	1re	I am not had	I am not done	I am not given	I am not called	I am not talked
	2e	you aren’t had	you aren’t done	you aren’t given	you aren’t called	you aren’t talked
	3e	he isn’t had she isn’t had it isn’t had	he isn’t done she isn’t done it isn’t done	he isn’t given she isn’t given it isn’t given	he isn’t called she isn’t called it isn’t called	he isn’t talked she isn’t talked it isn’t talked
Pluriel	1re	we aren’t had	we aren’t done	we aren’t given	we aren’t called	we aren’t talked
	2e	you aren’t had	you aren’t done	you aren’t given	you aren’t called	you aren’t talked
	3e	they aren’t had	they aren’t done	they aren’t given	they aren’t called	they aren’t talked

Passé du passif affirmatif

		Verbes irréguliers			Verbes réguliers
		have	do	give	call	talk
Singulier	1re	I was had	I was done	I was given	I was called	I was talked
	2e	you were had	you were done	you were given	you were called	you were talked
	3e	he was had she was had it was had	he was done she was done it was done	he was given she was given it was given	he was called she was called it was called	he was talked she was talked it was talked
Pluriel	1re	we were had	we were done	we were given	we were called	we were talked
	2e	you were had	you were done	you were given	you were called	you were talked
	3e	they were had	they were done	they were given	they were called	they were talked

Passé du passif négatif

		Verbes irréguliers			Verbes réguliers
		have	do	give	call	talk
Singulier	1re	I wasn’t had	I wasn’t done	I wasn’t given	I wasn’t called	I wasn’t talked
	2e	you weren’t had	you weren’t done	you weren’t given	you weren’t called	you weren’t talked
	3e	he wasn’t had she wasn’t had it wasn’t had	he wasn’t done she wasn’t done it wasn’t done	he wasn’t given she wasn’t given it wasn’t given	he wasn’t called she wasn’t called it wasn’t called	he wasn’t talked she wasn’t talked it wasn’t talked
Pluriel	1re	we weren’t had	we weren’t done	we weren’t given	we weren’t called	we weren’t talked
	2e	you weren’t had	you weren’t done	you weren’t given	you weren’t called	you weren’t talked
	3e	they weren’t had	they weren’t done	they weren’t given	they weren’t called	they weren’t talked

La voix passive n’est pas un temps mais un changement de voix. L’équivalent français serait je suis appelé. Le participe passé reste invariable, le temps de la phrase est indiqué par la conjugaison de be. Il ne faut pas confondre entre I am calling (le présent progressif de la voix active) et I am called (le présent simple de la voix passive).

Les changements au radical

Prétérit et participe passé

Pour les verbes réguliers (ou « faibles »), le participe passé se forme avec le suffixe -ed: work → worked.

• Si la base se termine en e, on ajoute simplement -d :
  • tune → tuned ; dye → dyed.
• Si la base se termine par une consonne + y, le y devient i devant le -ed :
  • deny → denied, ally → allied.
• Si la base se termine par une voyelle + y, le y est conservé :
  • alloy → alloyed, play → played.
• Les verbes courts (de trois ou quatre lettres) avec la terminaison -ay prennent la terminaison -aid :
  • pay → paid, lay → laid, say → said
• La règle de redoublement de la consonne finale est la même pour le prétérit que pour le participe présent : voir ci-dessous.

Participe présent

• Si la base verbale se termine par un e muet, ce e est supprimé : believe → believing.
• Dans le cas contraire il est conservé : agree → agreeing.
• Si la base se termine par -ie, le ie devient y avant -ing : lie → lying.
• Si :
  • la base se termine par une consonne seule ;
  • et si une voyelle seule précède cette consonne ;
  • et si la dernière syllabe du verbe est accentuée ;
• alors la consonne finale est redoublée avant l'ajout du suffixe :
  • set → setting ; occur → occurring ; tap → tapping.
• Ceci pour ne pas modifier la prononciation de la voyelle.

En anglais britannique, par exception à la règle ci-dessus, le l final est redoublé même si la dernière syllabe n'est pas accentuée : yodel → yodelling, travel → travelling; en anglais américain cette exception n'existe pas : yodeling, traveling. De même pour focus → focussing (anglais américain focusing).

Exceptions :

• singeing (singe, roussir), où le e est (parfois) conservé pour éviter la confusion avec singing (sing, chanter) ;
• ageing, en anglais britannique, la forme attendue aging étant ambiguë quant à sa prononciation : g dur ou mou ;
• Les mots terminés par -c s'adjoignent un k avant le suffixe -ing, par exemple panicking, frolicking, et bivouacking ;
• Un certain nombre de verbes sont soumis à la règle du redoublement alors qu'ils ne se qualifient pas entièrement, ainsi diagramming, kidnapping, programming, et worshipping.

Troisième personne du singulier du présent indicatif

• Comme pour le participe passé et le prétérit, le suffixe y est remplacé par un i s'il est précédé par une consonne :
  • dirty → dirties, party → parties, marry → marries
• Mais si c'est une voyelle qui le précède, le y ne change pas :
  • play → plays, spray → sprays, destroy → destroys
• Certains verbes avec la terminaison -o ajoutent -es au lieu de -s :
  • radio → radioes, go → goes, redo → redoes
• Mais pas tous :
  • limbo → limbos

Verbes irréguliers

Voir aussi : L’annexe Verbes irréguliers en anglais

Verbes auxiliaires

Comme en français, les verbes les plus utilisés sont souvent aussi les plus irréguliers : have (« avoir »), go (« aller »), be (« être ») et do (« faire ») en sont les meilleurs exemples. Certains verbes sont défectifs, par exemple can et must n’ont pas de participé passé, d’impératif, de participe présent ni de futur. Les seules formes existantes sont I can (le présent) et I could (le prétérit, le conditionnel). Le verbe synonyme be able to est employé pour les autres significations : I will be able to (« je pourrai »).

Autres verbes irréguliers

Les verbes irréguliers sont très souvent d’origine germanique. Les changement typiques sont :

• Modification de la voyelle. À comparer avec les exemples schwimmen en allemand et zwemmen en néerlandais :
  • shine, shone, shone
  • swim, swam, swum
• Ajout du suffixe -n ou -en au lieu de -ed pour le participe passé. À comparer avec les verbes conjugués bekommen en allemand et geworden en néerlandais :
  • take, took, taken
  • blow, blew, blown
• Ajout du suffixe -t au lieu de -ed, souvent avec la perte d’une voyelle pour faciliter la prononciation. À comparer avec les verbes conjugués gesagt en allemand et gezegd en néerlandais :
  • creep, crept, crept
  • sleep, slept, slept
  • bend, bent, bent

• Certains participes passés irréguliers ont été remplacés par le participe passé traditionnel, mais le participe original reste dans la langue comme adjectif :
  • sunken, cloven, shaven, graven, smitten, sodden
  • sunk, cleaved, shaved, graved (le verbe smite est archaïque, et soden est le participe passé de seoþan en vieil anglais)

Voir aussi

• Conjugaison anglaise sur l’encyclopédie Wikipédia