Khon Koi ke ngièn-sṳ́-mâ

{{Infobox element
|name=Koi
|enname=calcium
|number=20
|symbol=Ca
|left=[[Kap]]
|right=[[scandium]]
|above=[[magnesium|Mg]]
|below=[[strontium|Sr]]
|series=kán-thú kîm-su̍k
|series comment=
|group=2
|period=4
|block=s
|series color=
|appearance=dull gray, silver; with a pale yellow tint<ref>{{Greenwood&Earnshaw|page=112}}</ref>
|image name=Calcium unter Argon Schutzgasatmosphäre.jpg
|image size=
|image name comment=
|image name 2=Calcium Spectrum.png
|image name 2 comment=[[Spectral line]]s of calcium
|atomic mass=40.078
|atomic mass ref=<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
|atomic mass 2=4
|atomic mass comment=
|electron configuration=&#91;[[argon|Ar]]&#93; 4s<sup>2</sup>
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 8, 2
|color=
|phase=ku-thí
|phase comment=
|density gplstp=
|density gpcm3nrt=1.55
|density gpcm3nrt 2=
|density gpcm3mp=1.378
|melting point K=1115
|melting point C=842
|melting point F=1548
|boiling point K=1757
|boiling point C=1484
|boiling point F=2703
|triple point K=
|triple point kPa=
|critical point K=
|critical point MPa=
|heat fusion=8.54
|heat fusion 2=
|heat vaporization=154.7
|heat capacity=25.929
|vapor pressure 1=864
|vapor pressure 10=956
|vapor pressure 100=1071
|vapor pressure 1 k=1227
|vapor pressure 10 k=1443
|vapor pressure 100 k=1755
|vapor pressure comment=
|crystal structure=face-centered cubic
|oxidation states='''+2''', +1, −1
|oxidation states ref=<ref name="West">{{cite journal|last1=Krieck|first1=Sven|last2=Görls|first2=Helmar|last3=Westerhausen|first3=Matthias|title=Mechanistic Elucidation of the Formation of the Inverse Ca(I) Sandwich Complex [(thf)3Ca(μ-C6H3-1,3,5-Ph3)Ca(thf)3] and Stability of Aryl-Substituted Phenylcalcium Complexes|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|volume=132|issue=35|pages=12492–12501|year=2010|pmid=20718434|doi=10.1021/ja105534w}}</ref>
|oxidation states comment=(a strongly [[base (chemistry)|basic]] oxide)
|electronegativity=1.00
|number of ionization energies=4
|ionization energy 1=589.8
|ionization energy 2=1145.4
|ionization energy 3=4912.4
|atomic radius=197
|atomic radius calculated=
|covalent radius=176±10
|Van der Waals radius=231
|magnetic ordering=[[diamagnetism|diamagnetic]]
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=n
|electrical resistivity at 0=
|electrical resistivity at 20=33.6
|thermal conductivity=201
|thermal conductivity 2=
|thermal diffusivity=
|thermal expansion=
|thermal expansion at 25=22.3
|speed of sound=
|speed of sound rod at 20=3810
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=
|Young's modulus=20
|Shear modulus=7.4
|Bulk modulus=17
|Poisson ratio=0.31
|Mohs hardness=1.75
|Vickers hardness=
|Brinell hardness=170–416
|CAS number=7440-70-2
|isotopes=
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=40 | sym=Ca | na=96.941% | hl=[[1 E19 s and more|>5.9×10<sup>21</sup>&nbsp;y]] | dm=([[double beta decay|β<sup>+</sup>β<sup>+</sup>]]) | de=0.194 | link1=argon-40 | pn=40 | ps=Ar}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=41 | sym=Ca | na=[[trace radioisotope|trace]] | hl=[[1 E12 s |1.03×10<sup>5</sup>&nbsp;y]] | dm=[[electron capture|ε]] | de=– | link1=potassium-41 | pn=41 | ps=K}}
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=42 | sym=Ca | na=0.647% | n=22 |firstlinks=yes}}
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=43 | sym=Ca | na=0.135% | n=23 |firstlinks=no}}
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=44 | sym=Ca | na=2.086% | n=24 |firstlinks=no}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=45 | sym=Ca | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=[[1 E7 s|162.7&nbsp;d]] | dm=[[beta decay|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de=0.258 | link1=scandium-45 | pn=45 | ps=Sc}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=46 | sym=Ca | na=0.004% | hl=[[1 E19 s and more|>8.8×10<sup>22</sup>&nbsp;y]] | dm=([[double beta decay|β<sup>−</sup>β<sup>−</sup>]]) | de=0.988 | link1=titanium-46 | pn=46 | ps=Ti}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=47 | sym=Ca | na=syn | hl=[[1 E5 s|4.536&nbsp;d]]
 | dm1=β<sup>−</sup> | de1=0.694, 1.99 | link1=scandium-47 | pn1=47 | ps1=Sc |
dm2=[[gamma ray|γ]] | de2=1.297 | pn2= | ps2=– }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=48 | sym=Ca | na=0.187% | hl=[[1 E19 s and more|4.3×10<sup>19</sup>&nbsp;y]]
 | dm1=β<sup>−</sup>β<sup>−</sup> | de1=4.274 | link1=titanium-48 | pn1=48 | ps1=Ti
 | dm2=(β<sup>−</sup>) | de2=0.0058 | link2=scandium-48 | pn2=48 | ps2=Sc}}
|isotopes comment=Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
|discovery and first isolation by=[[Humphry Davy]]
|discovery date=1808
}}
'''Koi''' (鈣) he yit-chúng [[fa-ho̍k ngièn-su]], fa-ho̍k fù-ho vì '''Ca''', ngièn-chṳ́ su-muk he '''20''', chhai [[Ngièn-su chû-khì-péu]] chûng thi-ngi-sṳ̍p vi. 

==Chhâm-kháu chṳ̂-liau==
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