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Pyotr Kapitsa

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Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa (Ruslan: Пётр Леонидович Капица; Kronstadt, 9 Juli 1894 - 8 April 1984) inggih punika salah satunggaling fisikawan Uni Soviet.[1]

Saking taun 1923 dumugi taun 1926, Kapitsa dados Mahasiswa Clerk Maxwell wonten ing Cambridge University, lajeng dados Dirèktur Asistèn Riset Magnètik wonten ing Laboratorium Cavendish (1924-1932). Wiwit taun 1930 dumugi taun 1934, Kapitsa ugi dados Profésor Riset Messel Royal Society lan Dirèktur Laboratorium Mond Royal Society.[1]

Piyambakipun makarya wonten ing Cambridge langkung saking 10 taun lan lajeng nglajengaken kunjungan profési dhateng Uni Soviet nalika taun 1934, lan boten dipunkeparengaken malih wangsul dhateng Cambridge. Ernest Rutherford, ingkang Kapitsa sampun kerja sesarengan kaliyan piyambakipun wonten ing Cambridge, nyadé piranti laboratorium Kapitsa. Pamaréntah Soviet lajeng nyuwun dhateng Kapitsa mbentuk Institut kanggé prakawis Fisika kaliyan pirantinipun. Kapitsa pungkasanipun dipunsingkiraken saking perananipun minangka Kepala Institut ingkang dipundhirikaken, amargi penolakanipun ndhèrèk wonten ing proyek Bom Hidrogen Soviet. Sadangunipun PD II, piyambakipun mandégani Departemèn Industri Oksigèn.[2]

Piyambakipun manggihaken superfluiditas kaliyan sapérangan sumbangan saking John F. Allen lan Don Misener nalika taun 1937. Kapitsa menangaken Penghargaan Nobel babagan Fisika nalika taun 1978 kanggé karyanipun wonten ing babagan fisika temperatur andhap. Piyambakipun pikantuk penghargaan punika sesarengan kaliyan Arno Allan Penzias lan Robert Woodrow Wilson (ingkang menangaken Bebungah Nobel kanggé babagan ingkang boten wonten gegayutanipun).[3]

Gelar kehormatan

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  1. D.Phys.-Math.Sc., Akademi Ilmiah Républik Sosialis Uni Soviet, 1928
  2. D.Sc., Universitas Aljir, 1944, Sorbonne, 1945
  3. D.Ph., Universitas Oslo, 1946
  4. D.Sc., Universitas Jagellonian, 1964; Technische Universität Dresden, 1964; Universitas Charles, 1965; Universitas Columbia, 1969; Universitas Teknik Wrocław, 1972; Universitas Delhi, 1972; Université de Lausanne, 1973
  5. D.Ph., Universitas Turku, 1977[4]

Anggota kehormatan

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  1. Anggota Akademi Ilmiah Uni Soviet, 1939 (anggota koresponden - 1929)
  2. Anggota Royal Society, London, 1929; Akademi Fisika Prancis, 1931
  3. Institut Fisika, Inggris, 1934; Akademi Astronautika Internasional, 1964
  4. Anggota kehormatan Masarakat Naturalis Moskow, 1935
  5. Institut Logam, Inggris, 1943
  6. Institut Franklin, 1944
  7. Trinity College Cambridge, 1925
  8. New York Academy of Sciences, 1946
  9. Akademi Ilmiah India, 1947
  10. Royal Irish Academy, 1948
  11. National Institute of Sciences of India, 1957
  12. German Academy of Naturalists "Leopoldina", 1958
  13. Akademi Sajarah Sains Jerman Internasional, 1971
  14. Institut Riset Fundamental Tata, Bombay, India, 1977
  15. Anggota Asing Akademi Ilmiah lan Tulisan Karajan Dhènemarken Royal, 1946
  16. National Academy of Sciences, Amérikah Sarékat, 1946
  17. Akademi Ilmiah Nasional India, 1956
  18. Akademi Ilmiah Polen, 1962
  19. Akademi Ilmu Pengetahuan Karajan Swèdhen, 1966
  20. American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1968
  21. Akademi Ilmiah Karajan Walanda, 1969
  22. Akademi Ilmiah dan Seni Serbia, 1971
  23. Akademi Seni dan Ilmiah Finlan, 1974
  24. Anggota Kehormatan Churchill College Cambridge, 1974[4]

Penghargaan

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  1. Medali Universitas Liége, 1934
  2. Medali Faraday saking Institut Teknik Elektro, 1942
  3. Medali Franklin saking Institut Franklin, 1944
  4. Medali Emas Sir Devaprasad Sarbadhikary Gold Medal saking Universitas Calcutta, 1955
  5. Medali Emas Kothenius saking Akademi Naturalis "Leopoldina" Jerman, 1959
  6. Medali Perak Frédéric Joliot-Curie Silver Medal of the World Peace Committee, 1959
  7. Medali Emas Lomonosov saking Akademi Ilmiah Uni Soviet, 1959
  8. Medali Emas Besar Pameran Prestasi Ékonomi USSR, 1962
  9. Medali Jasa dalam Sains lan Kemanusiaan Akademi Ilmiah Cekoslowakia, 1964
  10. Medali International Niels Bohr saking Dansk Ingeniørvorening, 1964
  11. Medali Rutherford dari Institute of Physics and Physical Society, Inggris, 1966
  12. Medali Emas Kamerlingh Onnes saking Masarakat Pendinginan, 1968
  13. Medali Peringatan Koperpunikas saking Akademi Ilmiah Polen, 1974
  14. Penghargaan Negeri Uni Soviet - 1941, 1943
  15. Penghargaan Peringatan Simon saking Institute of Physics and Physical Society, England, 1973
  16. Rutherford Memorial Lecture, Royal Society of London; Bernal Memorial Lecture, Royal Society of London, 1976
  17. Medali Lenin - 1943, 1944, 1945, 1964, 1971, 1974
  18. Hero of Socialist Labour, 1945, 1974
  19. Tanda Jasa Bendera Pekerja Merah, 1954
  20. Orde Bendera Yugoslavia dengan Pita, 1967[4]

Penerbitan

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  1. Collected Papers of P.L. Kapitsa, 3 jilid, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1964 - 1967
  2. High Power Microwave Electronics, Pergamon Press, 1964
  3. Experiment. Theory. Practice. "Nauka", Moskow, 1977
  4. Le livre du problème de physique, CEDIC, Paris, 1977

Cathetan suku

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  1. ↑ a b http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1978/kapitsa-bio.html Nobelprize.org
  2. ↑ http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/311753/Pyotr-Leonidovich-Kapitsa
  3. ↑ http://www.answers.com/topic/pyotr-leonidovich-kapitsa
  4. ↑ a b c http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/kapitsa.html
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