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Phthisis

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E Vicipaedia
(Redirectum de Tuberculosis)

Cave: notitiae huius paginae nec praescriptiones nec consilia medica sunt.

Imago radiorum X pulmonum hominis phthisi continua laborantis.

Phthisis[1] (a verbo Graeco φθίσις) aut tuberculosis[2] est frequens et saepe mortifer morbus infectiosus, mycobacteriis variarum specierum, in hominibus plerumque Mycobacterio tuberculosis effectus.[3]

Robertus Koch, inventor bacilli tuberculosis.

Symptomata phthisis imprimis contagione pulmonum cum tussi, sputo sanguineo nota sunt, sed phthisis non solum pulmones, sed etiam alias corporis partes appetit, cum indiciis morbi febri, sudore nocturno, deminutione ponderis, fatigatione. Communicatur per aerem, cum homines activa tuberculosi infecti tussiunt, sternuunt, vel alioquin salivam per aerem transmittunt.[4] Plurimae infectiones asymptomaticae et latentes sunt, sed una fere e decem infectionibus latentibus postremo in morbum activum commutatur, qui, nisi curatur, plus centesimas hominum infectorum interficit.

Iam anno 460 a.C.n., Hippocrates de phthise scripsit. Hodie novimus causam huius morbi esse bacterium a Roberto Koch, medico Germano, die 24 Martii anno 1882 inventum.[5]

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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Microgramma electronis inspiciens speciei Mycobacterii tuberculosis.
Conferatur pagina principalis Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, ut nomen suum indicat, est bacterium cum structuris fungorum (de Graeco μύκης, fungus) similibus, phthisem perficiens. Cum mycobacteria prorsus omnia immobilia tam ab oxygenio pendant, quam ab substantiis organicis, locis destinatis saepius inveniuntur, ut in pulmonibus. Mycobacteria tuberculosis tarde crescunt, a duodecim ad quindecim fere horae ad proximam divisionem necesse sunt, quo fit ut mycobacteria dormientia videri possint. Quin etiam in phagocytis bacteria haec perlonge sine detrimentis maneant.

In aliis animalibus

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Mycobacteria multa animalia varia inficiunt, inter quae aves,[6] rodentia,[7] et reptilia.[8] Subspecies autem Mycobacterii tuberculosis raro in feris videtur.[9] Conatus ad exstirpandam tuberculosim bovinam, Mycobacterio bovis effectam, ex bubus et gregibus cervorum in Nova Zelandia prosper fuit.[10] Similes autem conatus in Magna Britannia facti minus prosperi fuerunt.[11]

Tuberculosis

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Epidemiologia

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Anno 2007, praevalentia phthisis per 100 000 hominum fuit altissima in Africa sub-Saharana, et fuit aliquantulum alta in Asia.[12].
Annuus casuum nuper nuntiatorum numerus. Data ex Consociatione Mundiali Sanitatis (tabula Anglice signata).[13]

Terrarum orbe contagio fere immense est: hominum per mycobacterium tuberculosis infecta est circiter tertia pars, ex eis centesimo quindecim in cursibus vitarum suarum in tuberculosem activam incidunt. Praevalentia altissmima in Africa sub-Saharana est (vid. imaginem). Incrementum formarum cum resistentiis multa contra medicamenta observatur. Observatur quoque incrementum incidentiae incrementum numerorum casuum nuntiatorum.

Symptomata et signa

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Symptomata phtisis non solum systematis bronchopulmonalis, sed vero aliorum organorum sunt.

Symptomata phthisis imprimis contagione pulmonum cum tussi, sputo sanguineo nota sunt, sed phthisis non solum pulmones, sed etiam alias corporis partes appetit, cum indiciis morbi febri, sudore nocturno, deminutione ponderis, fatigatione.

Tractatio

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Quaeque phthisis activa tractanda est. Tractatio phthisis dicta generalia ut hygiene atque medicamenta ut Isoniazidum, Rifampizinum, Pyrazinamidum, Ethambutolum, Streptomycinum includit.

In arte

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis (rubrum coloratum) in sputo.
Experimentum cutis tuberculini Mantoux.
Mumia Aegyptia in Museo Britannico conservata. Tabes phthisica in spinis mumiarum Aegyptiarum inventa est.

Inter scriptores, artifices, musicosque phthisi mortuos, paene omnes iuvenes, sunt Ioannes Boine (1887–1917), Aemilia Brontë (1818–1848), Fridericus Chopin (1810–1849), Antonius Pauli filius Čechov (1860–1904), Georgius Orwell (1903–1950), Sergius Corazzini (1886–1907), Iosephus Giusti (1809–1850), Guido Gozzano (1883–1916), Ioannes Baptista Grazioli (1746–1820), Ioannes Petrus Jacobsen (1847–1885), Ioannes Keats (1795–1821), et Ioannes Baptista Pergolesi (1710–1736). Inter personas in poesi, mythistoria, et fabulis operaticis phthisi moribundas sunt Silvia Iacobi Leopardi, La Dame aux camélias Alexandri Dumas, Violetta in Traviata Iosephi Verdi, Mimi in La Bohème Iacobi Puccini, et Ilju in Fratres Karamazov Theodori Dostoevskij.

Notae

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  1. ↑ Cels. 3.22.
  2. ↑ Everdingen et Eerenbeemt 2012.
  3. ↑ Kumar & al. 2007: 516–522.
  4. ↑ Konstantinos 2010.
  5. ↑ Ex anno 1998 ratio Dies mundialis phthisis facta est.
  6. ↑ Shivaprasad & Palmieri 2012.
  7. ↑ Reavill & Schmidt 2012.
  8. ↑ Mitchell 2012.
  9. ↑ Wobeser 2006.
  10. ↑ Ryan & al. 2006.
  11. ↑ White & al. 2008; Ward & al. 2010.
  12. ↑ World Health Organization (2009). "The Stop TB Strategy, case reports, treatment outcomes and estimates of TB burden". Global tuberculosis control: epidemiology, strategy, financing. pp. 187–300. ISBN 978-92-4-156380-2 .
  13. ↑ World Health Organization. "WHO report 2008: Global tuberculosis control" .

Bibliographia

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  • Everdingen, J. J. E. van, et A. M. M. van den Eerenbeemt. 2012. Pinkhof Geneeskundig woordenboek. Ed. duodecima. Houten: Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum.
  • Holbrook, M. L. 1900. Die Verhütung, hygienische Behandlung und Heilung der Lungenschwindsucht. Monaci: Concord. Editio interretialis apud Digitalisat.
  • Kaufmann, S. H. 2011. "Fact and fiction in tuberculosis vaccine research: 10 years later." The Lancet infectious diseases 11 (8): 633–40.doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70146-3. PMID 21798463.
  • Kidder, Tracy. 2004. Mountains beyond Mountains. Novi Eboraci: Random House Trade Paperbacks. ISBN 0-8129-7301-1.
  • Konstantinos. A. 2010. "Testing for tuberculosis." Australian Prescriber 33 (1): 12–18. Editio interretialis.
  • Kumar V., A. K. Abbas N. Fausto, et R. N. Mitchell. 2007. Robbins Basic Pathology. Editio octava. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 978-1-4160-2973-1.
  • Lawlor, Clark. 2007. Consumption and Literature. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-230-02003-8.
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  • Mitchell, M. A. 2012. "Mycobacterial infections in reptiles." The veterinary clinics of North America: Exotic animal practice 15 (1): 101–11, vii.
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  • Palomino, Juan Carlos, Sylvia Leão, Viviana Ritacco, et al. 2007. Tuberculosis 2007: From basic science to patient care. PDF. TuberculosisTextbook.com.
  • Reavill, D. R., et R. E. Schmidt. 2012. "Mycobacterial lesions in fish, amphibians, reptiles, rodents, lagomorphs, and ferrets with reference to animal models." The veterinary clinics of North America: Exotic animal practice 15 (1): 25–40, v.
  • Roloff, Wilhelm. 1948. Die Lungentuberkulose. Berolini, Göttingen, Heidelberg: Springer.
  • Roloff, Wilhelm. 1949. Das Tuberkulose-Lexikon. Ed. secunda. Stutgardiae: Thieme.
  • Ryan, Frank. 1993. The Forgotten Plague: How the Battle Against Tuberculosis Was Won—and Lost. Bostoniae: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 0-316-76380-2.
  • Ryan, T. J., P. G. Livingstone, D. S. Ramsey, G. W. de Lisle, G. Nugent, D. M. Collins, et B. M. Buddle. 2006. "Advances in understanding disease epidemiology and implications for control and eradication of tuberculosis in livestock: the experience from New Zealand." Veterinary microbiology 112 (2-4): 211–19.
  • Shivaprasad, H. L., et C. Palmieri. 2012. "Pathology of mycobacteriosis in birds." The veterinary clinics of North America: Exotic animal practice 15 (1): 41–55, v-vi.
  • Walton, D., et P. Farmer. 2000. "MSJAMA: the new white plague." JAMA 284 (21): 2789. doi:10.1001/jama.284.21.2789. PMID 11105192.
  • Ward, A. I., J. Judge, et R. J. Delahay. 2010. "Farm husbandry and badger behaviour: opportunities to manage badger to cattle transmission of Mycobacterium bovis?" Preventive veterinary medicine 93 (1): 2–10.
  • White, P. C., M. Böhm, G. Marion, et M. R. Hutchings. 2008. "Control of bovine tuberculosis in British livestock: there is no 'silver bullet.'" Trends in microbiology 16 (9): 420–27.
  • Wobeser, Gary A. 2006. Essentials of disease in wild animals. Ed. prima. Ames Iovae (etc.): Blackwell Publishins. ISBN 978-0-8138-0589-4.
  • Wolters, Christine. 2011. Tuberkulose und Menschenversuche im Nationalsozialismus: Das Netzwerk hinter den Tbc-Experimenten im Konzentrationslager Sachsenhausen. Stutgardiae: Steiner. ISBN 978-3-515-09399-6.
  • Zorini Attilio, Omodei, et B. Mariani. 1971. "Terapia e profilassi della tubercolosi." Capitulum 2 in Vaccinazione antitubercolare, edd. M. Lucchini et G. Spina. Augustae Taurinorum: Minerva Medica.


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