Pertempuran Albert (1916)
Pertempuran Albert (1916) | |||||||
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Sebahagian daripada Pertempuran Somme | |||||||
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Pihak yang terlibat | |||||||
Templat:Country data Republik Ketiga Peranci | Empayar Jerman | ||||||
Komandan dan pemimpin | |||||||
Joseph Joffre Douglas Haig Ferdinand Foch Henry Rawlinson Marie Émile Fayolle Hubert Gough Edmund Allenby |
Erich von Falkenhayn Fritz von Below Fritz von Loßberg Günther von Pannewitz | ||||||
Kekuatan | |||||||
13 divisyen British 11 divisyen Perancis | 6 divisyen | ||||||
Kerugian dan korban | |||||||
British, 1 Julai: 57,470 2–13 Julai: 25,000 Perancis, 1 Julai: 7,000 2–21 Julai: 17,600 |
1 Julai: 10,200 1–10 Julai: 40,187–46,315 |
Pertempuran Albert (1–13 Julai 1916), terdiri daripada dua minggu pertama operasi serangan pada Pertempuran Somme. Serangan bedilan meriam persediaan Pihak Berikat bermula pada 24 Jun dan infantri Inggeris-Perancis diserang pada 1 Julai, di tebing selatan dari Foucaucourt hingga Somme dan dari Somme utara Gommecourt, 2 bt (3.2 km) di seberang Serre. Tentera Keenam Perancis dan sayap kanan Tentera Keempat British telah menyebabkan kekalahan besar Tentera Ke-2 Jerman tetapi dari jalan Albert–Bapaume ke Gommecourt, serangan British merupakan suatu kecelakaan, di mana kebanyakan s. 60,000 British tercedera dan terkorban pada hari itu dikena. Menentang hajat Jeneral Joseph Joffre, Jeneral Sir Douglas Haig meninggalkan serangan utara jalan untuk memperkuat kejayaan di selatan, di mana angkatan bersenjata Inggeris-Perancis mara melalui beberapa garis tengah, sehingga dekat dengan kedudukan kedua Jerman.
Lihat juga
[sunting | sunting sumber]Nota
[sunting | sunting sumber]Rujukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]Bibliografi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Buku
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Barnett, C. (1979). The Great War. London: Park Lane Press. OCLC 7255166.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
- Bax, C. E. O.; Boraston, J. H. (2001) [1926]. Eighth Division in War 1914–1918 (ed. Naval & Military Press). London: Medici Society. ISBN 978-1-897632-67-3.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
- Buchan, J. (1917). The Battle of the Somme (ed. online). New York: George Doran. OCLC 421774. Dicapai pada 6 February 2016.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
- Cruttwell, C. R. M. F. (1934). A History of the Great War 1914–1918. Oxford: Clarendon Press. OCLC 431258245.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
- Doughty, R. A. (2005). Pyrrhic victory: French Strategy and Operations in the Great War. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University. ISBN 978-0-674-01880-8.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
- Duffy, C. (2007) [2006]. Through German Eyes: The British and the Somme 1916 (ed. Phoenix). London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-7538-2202-9.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
- Edmonds, J. E. (1993) [1932]. Military Operations France and Belgium, 1916: Sir Douglas Haig's Command to the 1st July: Battle of the Somme. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. I (ed. Imperial War Museum & Battery Press). London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-89839-185-5.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
- Farndale, M. (1986). Western Front 1914–18. History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery. London: Royal Artillery Institution. ISBN 978-1-870114-00-4.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
- Farrar-Hockley, A. (1970). The Somme. London: Batsford. ISBN 978-0-7278-0129-6.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
- Foley, R. T. (2007) [2005]. German Strategy and the Path to Verdun: Erich von Falkenhayn and the Development of Attrition, 1870–1916 (ed. pbk.). Cambridge: CUP. ISBN 978-0-521-04436-3.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
- Gliddon, G. (1987). When the Barrage Lifts: A Topographical History and Commentary on the Battle of the Somme 1916. Norwich: Gliddon Books. ISBN 978-0-947893-02-6.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
- Harris, J. P. (2009) [2008]. Douglas Haig and the First World War (ed. 2009). Cambridge: CUP. ISBN 978-0-521-89802-7.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
- Hilliard Atteridge, A. (2003) [1929]. History of the 17th (Northern) Division (ed. Naval & Military Press). London: R. Maclehose. ISBN 978-1-84342-581-6.
- Hoeppner, E. W. von (1994) [1921]. Deutschlands Krieg in der Luft: Ein Rückblick auf die Entwicklung und die Leistungen unserer Heeres-Luftstreitkräfte im Weltkriege [Germany's War in the Air: A Review of the Development and the Achievements of our Army Air Force in the World War] (dalam bahasa German). trans. J. Hawley Larned (ed. Battery Press). Leipzig: K. F. Koehle. ISBN 978-0-89839-195-4.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
- Jones, H. A. (2002) [1928]. The War in the Air, Being the Story of the Part played in the Great War by the Royal Air Force. II (ed. Imperial War Museum and Naval & Military Press). London: Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-1-84342-413-0. Dicapai pada 14 October 2014.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
- Liddell Hart, B. H. (1930). The Real War. London: Faber. OCLC 219779831.
- Miles, W. (1992) [1938]. Military Operations in France and Belgium: 2 July to the End of the Battles of the Somme. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. II (ed. Imperial War Museum and Battery Press). London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-89839-169-5.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
- Millett, A.; Murray, W. (1988). Military Effectiveness: The First World War. I. London: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 978-0-04-445053-5.
- Middlebrook, M. (1971). The First Day on the Somme. London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-139071-0.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
- Palazzo, A. (2002) [2000]. Seeking Victory on the Western Front: The British Army and Chemical Warfare in World War I (ed. Bison Books). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-8774-7.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
- Philpott, W. (2009). Bloody Victory: The Sacrifice on the Somme and the Making of the Twentieth Century (ed. 1st). London: Little, Brown. ISBN 978-1-4087-0108-9.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
- Prior, R.; Wilson, T. (2004) [1992]. Command on the Western Front. The Military Career of Sir Henry Rawlinson 1914–1918 (ed. Pen & Sword Military Classics). London: Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-631-16683-2.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
- Prior, R.; Wilson, T. (2005). The Somme (ed. 1st). London: Yale. ISBN 978-0-300-10694-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Rogers, D., penyunting (2010). Landrecies to Cambrai: Case Studies of German Offensive and Defensive Operations on the Western Front 1914–17. Solihull: Helion. ISBN 978-1-906033-76-7.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
- Sheffield, G. (2003). The Somme. London: Cassell. ISBN 978-0-304-36649-1.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
- Sheldon, J. (2006) [2005]. The German Army on the Somme 1914–1916 (ed. Pen & Sword Military). London: Leo Cooper. ISBN 978-1-84415-269-8.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
- Whitehead, R. J. (2013). The Other Side of the Wire: The Battle of the Somme. With the German XIV Reserve Corps, 1 July 1916. II. Solihull: Helion. ISBN 978-1-907677-12-0.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
- Wynne, G. C. (1976) [1939]. If Germany Attacks: The Battle in Depth in the West (ed. Greenwood Press, CT). London: Faber. ISBN 978-0-8371-5029-1.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
Tesis
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Simpson, A. (2001). The Operational Role of British Corps Command on the Western Front 1914–18 (PhD). London: London University. OCLC 53564367. Dicapai pada 11 March 2016.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
Bacaan lanjut
[sunting | sunting sumber]Buku
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Green, A. (2003). Writing the Great War: Sir James Edmonds and the Official Histories 1915–1948. London: Frank Cass. ISBN 978-0-7146-8430-7.
- James, E. A. (1990) [1924]. A Record of the Battles and Engagements of the British Armies in France and Flanders 1914–1918 (ed. London Stamp Exchange). Aldershot: Gale & Polden. ISBN 978-0-948130-87-8.
- Liddell Hart, B. H. (1932). Foch: The Man of Orleans. Boston: Little, Brown. OCLC 16161900.
- Liddell Hart, B. H. (1973) [1970]. History of the First World War (ed. 3rd). London: Book Club Associates. OCLC 819218074.
- Masefield, J. (1917). The Old Front Line. New York: Macmillan. OCLC 1183536. Dicapai pada 27 June 2013.
- Nicholson, G. W. L. (1964) [1962]. Canadian Expeditionary Force 1914–1919 (PDF). Official History of the Canadian Army in the First World War (ed. 2nd corr. online). Ottawa: Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationary. OCLC 557523890. Dicapai pada 7 January 2018.
- Prior, R. (1999). The First World War (ed. 1st). London: Cassell. ISBN 978-0-304-35984-4.
- Recouly, R. (1920). Jones, M. C. (penyunting). Foch, The Winner of The War. Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 978-1-164-64858-1. Dicapai pada 1 July 2014.
- Statistics of the Military Effort of the British Empire During the Great War 1914–1920 (ed. 1st). London: HMSO. 1922. OCLC 1318955. Dicapai pada 27 June 2013.
- Sheldon, J. (2017). Fighting the Somme: German Challenges, Dilemmas & Solutions. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. ISBN 978-1-47388-199-0.
- Strohn, M., penyunting (2016). The Battle of the Somme. Oxford: Osprey. ISBN 978-1-4728-1556-9.
Tesis
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Bradbeer, Thomas G. (18 June 2004). The Battle for Air Supremacy over the Somme, 1 June–30 November 1916 (PDF). US Army Command and General Staff College (Tesis). Fort Leavenworth, KS. OCLC 923353776. Dicapai pada 11 April 2016.
- Dye, P. J. (2014). Air Power's Midwife: Logistics Support for Royal Flying Corps Operations on the Western Front 1914–1918 (PhD). Birmingham University. OCLC 881014806. Docket uk.bl.ethos.600269. Dicapai pada 11 April 2016.
- Jordan, D. J. (1997). Army Co-operation Missions of the Royal Flying Corps/Royal Air Force 1914–1918 (PhD). Birmingham University. OCLC 911150431. Docket uk.bl.ethos.487881. Dicapai pada 11 April 2016.
- Mitchell, S. B. T. (2013). An Inter-Disciplinary Study of Learning in the 32nd Division on the Western Front, 1916–1918 (PhD). Birmingham University. OCLC 894593861. Dicapai pada 1 December 2014.
Pautan luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan Pertempuran Albert (1916) |
- Trones Wood, Montauban and Guillemont, maps and photographs
- First Day, Commonwealth War Graves Commission
- Newfoundland and the Great War by Heritage Newfoundland
- The British Army in the Great War: The Battles of the Somme, 1916
- Map of Europe during the Battle of the Somme at omniatlas.com Diarkibkan 2014-01-06 di Wayback Machine
- Peronne Great War Historial
- Halaman dengan templat portal kosong
- Pertempuran Barisan Barat (Perang Dunia I)
- 1916 di Perancis
- Pertempuran pada 1916
- Pertempuran Somme
- Sejarah Somme (jabatan)
- Pertempuran Perang Dunia I melibatkan Perancis
- Pertempuran Perang Dunia I melibatkan Jerman
- Pertempuran Perang Dunia I melibatkan Afrika Selatan
- Pertempuran Perang Dunia I melibatkan United Kingdom
- Peristiwa Julai 1916