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Effects of exercise and diuretics on renal physiology [adapted from Caldwell (1987) and Reents (2000)]
| GFR | Urine Output | PRA | Aldosterone | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise @ 25% VO2 max | ↑ | ↔ | ↑ | ↑ |
| Exercise @ % VO2 max | ↓ | ↓ | ↑↑ | ↑↑ |
| Thiazide diuretics | ↓ | ↓ | ↑↑ | ↑↑ |
| Loop diuretics | ↔ | ↑↑ | ↑↑ | ↑↑ |
| Spironolactone | ↔ | ↑ | ↑↑ | ↑↑ |
| Other K+-sparing agents | ↔ | ↑ | ↑↑ | ↑↑ |
One arrow indicates a moderate effect; two arrows indicate a profound effect.
GFR, glomerular filtration rate; PRA, plasma renin activity; VO2 max, maximum oxygen uptake.
