ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ

ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
Modern Standard Urdu
اُردُو
	ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ-ᱟᱨᱵᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ	ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ
ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ	ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ	ᱟᱭᱳ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ; ᱖᱘.᱖᱒ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱒᱐᱑᱙); ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ; ᱑0᱑.᱕᱘ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ (᱒᱐᱑᱙)
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ	ᱤᱱᱫᱳ-ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱤᱱᱫᱳ-ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱤᱱᱰᱚ-ᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱡᱳᱱ (ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ) ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱤᱵᱳᱞᱤ ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ	ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ-ᱟᱨᱵᱤ (ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ) ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱵᱨᱮᱭᱞ ᱫᱮᱵᱱᱟᱜᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱵᱨᱮᱭᱞ (ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤ)
ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ	ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ (ISS); ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱩᱨᱫᱩ
ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ
ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱮᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ	ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ (ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ) ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱢᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ; ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ; ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱽᱞᱟ; ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱝᱜᱟᱱᱟ; ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ; ᱩᱛᱛᱟ.ᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ; ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ;
ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ	ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱚᱛᱷᱚᱨᱤᱴᱤ ; ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ
ISO 639-1	ur
ISO 639-2	urd
ISO 639-3	urd
ᱜᱞᱳᱴᱳᱞᱳᱜᱽ	urdu1245
ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ	59-AAF-q
	ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱢ ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱽᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ]
	This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ (اردو) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱱᱰᱚ-ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱰᱚ-ᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱒᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚ ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱤᱝᱜᱩᱭᱟ ᱯᱨᱟᱝᱠᱟ (lingua franca) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱝᱜᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ, ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱢᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱿

ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱥᱥᱚ ( ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ) ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱝᱠᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱮᱭᱟ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ-ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱚᱛᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱟᱹ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱚᱭ ᱠᱚᱭᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱤᱵᱳᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱤᱵᱳᱞᱤ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱰᱮᱱ ᱠᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱡ-ᱥᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱤᱵᱳᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱡ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱡ ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱱᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱮᱢᱯ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱨᱵᱤ-ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱝᱠᱨᱤᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱜᱟᱞᱟᱝ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱡ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱚᱝᱠᱨᱤᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚ ᱛᱷᱚᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱚᱯᱷᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ

ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱨᱩᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱥᱭᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱘ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ- ᱑᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮᱸ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱵᱚᱞᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱵᱚᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱮ-ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱩᱞᱩᱡ ᱜᱟᱯᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱟᱯᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱵᱚᱞᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱨᱩᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱚᱲᱚ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱭᱮᱱᱟ ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱨᱫᱤ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ "ᱳᱨᱫᱩ" ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱣᱱᱤ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱮᱢᱯ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱷᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱮ-ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱚᱨᱚᱲ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨᱵᱤ-ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱨᱩᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱱ ᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱝᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱧᱪᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ

ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ

ᱪᱤᱠᱤ

ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ

↑ "Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Seventeenth edition, Urdu". Ethnologue. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
↑ ^᱒.᱐ ^᱒.᱑ Hindustani (2005). Keith Brown (ed.). Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (2 ed.). Elsevier. ISBN 0-08-044299-4.
↑ Gaurav Takkar. "Short Term Programmes". punarbhava.in. Archived from the original on 24 December 2018. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
↑ "Indo-Pakistani Sign Language", Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics
↑ "National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language". Urducouncil.nic.in. Retrieved 18 December 2011.
↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "urdu". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (help)

ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

[1] "Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Seventeenth edition, Urdu". Ethnologue. Retrieved 5 March 2013.

[ELL2-2] ᱒.᱐ ^᱒.᱑ Hindustani (2005). Keith Brown (ed.). Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (2 ed.). Elsevier. ISBN 0-08-044299-4.

[3] Gaurav Takkar. "Short Term Programmes". punarbhava.in. Archived from the original on 24 December 2018. Retrieved 29 March 2015.

[4] "Indo-Pakistani Sign Language", Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics

[5] "National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language". Urducouncil.nic.in. Retrieved 18 December 2011.

[Glottolog-6] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "urdu". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (help)

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