Kim Jong-il: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[His Excellency]]<br/> [[Eternal leaders of North Korea|Eternal Leader]]<br/> [[Generalissimo]]
| name = Kim Jong-il
|
| image = Kim Jong il Portrait-2.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Official portrait issued after his death, 2011 | office1 = [[Supreme Leader of North Korea]]
| premier1 = Hong Song-nam<br />Pak Pong-ju<br />Kim Yong-il<br />Choe Yong-rim
| term_start1 = 8 July 1994
| term_end1 = 17 December 2011<ref>{{cite news|title=North Korea backs son after Kim Jong-Il death|url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5ggTRbHnVT9qA8_cbG0p5dkbChBvA?docId=CNG.f422d650d5b8ced9ed3fbdc8e3558b87.e1|agency=Agence France-Presse|accessdate=15 November 2013|archive-date=8 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108015438/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5ggTRbHnVT9qA8_cbG0p5dkbChBvA?docId=CNG.f422d650d5b8ced9ed3fbdc8e3558b87.e1|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| predecessor1 = [[Kim Il-sung]] <small>(as President)</small>
| successor1 = [[Kim Jong-un]]
| office2 = General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea
| deputy2 = Kim Yong-nam<br />Choe Yong-rim<br />Jo Myong-rok<br />Ri Yong-ho
| term_start2 = 8 October 1997
| term_end2 = 17 December 2011
| predecessor2 = Kim Il-sung
| successor2 = Position abolished<br /><small>(Proclaimed Eternal Party General Secretary after his death)</small>
| office4 = Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea
| deputy4 = Jo Myong-rok
| term_start4 = 9 April 1993
| term_end4 = 17 December 2011
|
| successor4 = Position abolished as Kim Jong-il was declared as the Eternal Chairman on 13 April 2012
| office5 = Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army
| term_start5 = 24 December 1991
| term_end5 = 17 December 2011
| predecessor5 = Kim Il-sung
| successor5 = Kim Jong-un<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16325390|title=North Korea: Kim Jong-un hailed 'Supreme Commander'|date=24 December 2011|accessdate=15 November 2013|publisher=BBC News}}</ref>
| office6 = Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Workers' Party
| deputy6 = Kim Jong-un<br />Ri Yong-ho
| term_start6 = 8 October 1997
| term_end6 = 17 December 2011
|
| successor6 = Kim Jong-un
| office7 = First Vice Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea
|
| term_start7 = 24 May 1990
| term_end7 = 9 April 1993
|
| successor7 = O Chin-u
| birth_date = {{birth date|1941|2|16|df=y}}<br />[[Vyatskoye, Khabarovsk Krai|Vyatskoye]], [[Russian SFSR]], [[Soviet Union]] <small>(Soviet records)</small><br />{{birth date|1942|2|16|df=y}}<br />[[Baekdu Mountain]], [[Korea under Japanese rule|Japanese Korea]] <small>(North Korean biography)</small>{{Ref label|aaa|a|}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|2011|12|17|1941|2|16|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Pyongyang]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/search?q=Kim+jong+il+death+place#hl=en&rlz=1C1GPCK_enUS430US430&sclient=psy-ab&q=where+did+kim+jong+il+die&oq=where+did+kim+jong+il+die&gs_l=serp.3..0.2421.7799.0.8165.25.25.0.0.0.0.158.1586.24j1.25.0.eappsweb..0.0...1.1.7.psy-ab.bhxBZQmF74E&pbx=1&bav=on.2,or.r_cp.r_qf.&bvm=bv.44442042,d.dmQ&fp=bde57172f101b68e&biw=1024&bih=653|title=Kim jong il death place - Google Search|website=www.google.com}}</ref> [[North Korea|Democratic People's Republic of Korea]]
| resting_place = Kumsusan Palace of the Sun, [[Pyongyang]], [[North Korea|Democratic People's Republic of Korea]]
| party = Workers' Party of Korea
| spouse = Kim Young-sook (1974–2011)
| partner = Song Hye-rim (1968–2002)<br />Ko Young-hee (1977–2004)<br />Kim Ok (2004–2011)
| children = Kim Sul-song<br />Kim Jong-nam<br />Kim Jong-chul<br />[[Kim Jong-un]]<br />Kim Yo-jong
| alma_mater = Mangyongdae Revolutionary School<br>Kim Il-sung University
| allegiance = {{flag|North Korea}}
| branch = Korean People's Army
| serviceyears = 1991–2011
| rank = Taewonsu (대원수, roughly translated as Grand Marshal or Generalissimo)
| commands = Supreme Commander
| signature = Kim Jong-il Signature.png
| native_name_lang = kr
| module = {{Infobox Korean name|child=yes
|context = north
|hangul = 김정일
Line 70 ⟶ 63:
|rr = Gim Jeong(-)il
|mr = Kim Chŏngil
}}}}
{{Korean name|Kim}}
'''Kim Jong-il''', birth name '''Yuri Irsenovich Kim''' (according to the Soviet Union's records)<ref>{{citation|url=http://nk.chosun.com/english/news/news.html?ACT=detail&res_id=7283|date=22 August 2002|accessdate=19 February 2007|periodical=The Chosun Ilbo|title=Sergeyevna Remembers Kim Jong Il|last=Chung|first=Byoung-sun|archive-date=11 March 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311153844/http://nk.chosun.com/english/news/news.html?ACT=detail&res_id=7283|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1671983|periodical=National Public Radio|date=12 February 2004|accessdate=19 February 2007|title=A Visit to Kim Jong Il's Russian Birthplace|last=Sheets|first=Lawrence}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0607/05/i_ins.01.html | work=CNN | title=CNN.com | access-date=2011-12-19 | archive-date=2020-10-04 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004171812/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0607/05/i_ins.01.html/ | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://time.com/photography/life/|title=LIFE - TIME|publisher=|via=time.com|access-date=2019-02-11|archive-date=2018-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227063556/http://time.com/photography/life/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ({{korean|hangul=김정일|hanja=金正日}}, 16 February 1941 – 17 December 2011) was the Supreme Leader of [[Democratic People's Republic of Korea]] (North Korea) from the time of his father's death in 1994 until his own death in 2011. He was the son of [[Kim Il-Sung|Kim Il-Sŏng]]. Official North Korean [[propaganda]] said that Jong-il was born on Mount Paektu (a holy mountain in Korea); but most [[historian]]s think that he was born near Chabarowsk in the [[Soviet Union]]. The North Korean laws made him permanent ruler of North Korea for life. He was sometimes referred to as the "Dear Leader", but this was not an official title. His official title was "Chairman of the National Defense Commission of North Korea", "Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army" and "General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea". Many people in North Korea were imprisoned or killed for speaking out against the Kim [[regime]]. Almost everyone in North Korea wore a small pin with a picture of Kim Jŏng-Il or Kim Il-Sŏng on it.
The North Korean [[government]] told people of his death through the [[state]] [[Mass media|media]] on 19 December 2011. It was said that he had died two days earlier of "[[Human body|physical]] and [[mental]] over-work".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16239693|title=N Korean leader Kim Jong-il dies|date=19 December 2011|accessdate=19 December 2011|publisher=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.salon.com/2011/12/19/north_korean_leader_kim_jong_il_69_has_died/|title=North Korean Leader Kim Jong Il, 69, Has Died|date=19 December 2011|accessdate=19 December 2011|work=Salon|archive-date=7 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107200941/http://www.salon.com/2011/12/19/north_korean_leader_kim_jong_il_69_has_died/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Early life==
Kim Jong-il was born as '''Yuri Irsenovich Kim''' on 16 February 1941 or 1942 in either [[Korea under Japanese rule|Korea]] or the [[USSR]] . He was the son of [[Kim Il-Sung]] is was responsible for the [[Korean War]] in 1950-1953 .
==Leader of North Korea==
===Rising through the ranks===
In 1974 Kim Il-sung designated Kim Jong-il as his successor, solidifying the leadership transition within North Korea. Kim Jong-il's rise to power was marked by his gradual ascent within the North Korean political hierarchy. He began his official political career in the mid-1970s, holding various positions in the ruling Workers' Party of Korea. Over the years, he consolidated his influence and took on key roles in military and propaganda departments. By 1994, he succeeded his father, Kim Il-sung, as the Supreme Leader of North Korea.
===Rule (1994 – 2011)===
Following Kim Il-Sung's death in 1994, Kim Jong-il became North Korea's 2nd Supreme Leader. During his rule, North Korea experienced a devastating famine which resulted in millions of deaths due to starvation. In the early 2000s, Kim oversaw the development of nuclear weapons with a series of missile tests by launching rockets of the coast of [[Japan]] and [[South Korea]]. His "Military-First" policy exacerbated economic challenges, leading to widespread hardship for the North Korean people and political repression.
==Personal life==
Kim Jong-il was a [[Stalinism|Stalinist]]. He believed in the North Korean [[Communist]] philosophy of [[Juche]] (self-reliance). He was afraid to travel on [[aeroplane]]s and traveled only on [[Railway|train]]s. He was well known for his love of [[movie]]s and luxury goods, especially [[caviar]] and Hennessey brand [[cognac]], even though North Korea was one of the poorest countries in the world. Former [[United States]] [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] [[Madeleine Albright]] once gave Jong-il a present of a [[basketball]] signed by [[Michael Jordan]] when he visited North Korea because Jong-il was a fan of the [[National Basketball Association]] and of Michael Jordan.
==Death==
[[File:The statues of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il on Mansu Hill in Pyongyang (april 2012).jpg|thumb|Staute of Kim Jong-il and Kim Il-Sung]]
On the morning of 17 December 2011, at the age of 69 or 70, Jong-il died of a heart attack while traveling. His funeral was held on 28 December, and as a result, [[Kim Jong-un]] was then elected as the new leader of [[North Korea]]. On 13 April 2012, Kim Jong-il was made Eternal Chairman of the National Defence Commission and Eternal General Secretary of the Workers Party of Korea.
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* {{PDFlink|[http://www.korea-dpr.com/library/103.pdf Kim Jong Il: Brief History]|893 [[Kibibyte|KiB]]<!-- application/pdf, 915125 bytes -->}} – Foreign Languages Publishing House, Pyongyang DPR Korea (1998)
* [http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/opinion/200406/kt2004060817432954140.htm Born in the USSR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050308205038/http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/opinion/200406/kt2004060817432954140.htm |date=2005-03-08 }} – Kim Jong-il's childhood.
* [http://www.east-asia-intel.com/eai/Sample/2.html The many family secrets of Kim Jong Il] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050213081159/http://www.east-asia-intel.com/eai/Sample/2.html |date=2005-02-13 }}
* [http://theseoultimes.com/ST/?url=/ST/db/read.php?idx=1643 "Hidden Daughter" Visits Kim Jong-il Every Year] (also includes photos of Kim during his youth)
* [http://news.naver.com/news/read.php?mode=LSD&office_id=047&article_id=0000073978§ion_id=100&menu_id=100 Kim's family tree] {{
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kim, Jong-il}}
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:2011 deaths]]
[[Category:Former dictators]]
[[Category:North Korean military people]]
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