Darmstadtium
Darmstadtium is a chemical element. It has been named ununnilium (Uun) or eka-platinum but is now named darmstadtium. It has the symbol Ds. It has the atomic number 110. It is a transuranium element.
| Darmstadtium | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Pronunciation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mass number | [281] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Darmstadtium in the periodic table | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Group | group 10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Period | period 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Block | d-block | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electron configuration | [Rn] 5f14 6d8 7s2 (predicted)[3] (predicted) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 16, 2 (predicted)[4] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Physical properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Phase at STP | solid (predicted)[5] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Density (near r.t.) | 34.8 g/cm3 (predicted)[4] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oxidation states | (0), (+2), (+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted)[3][6] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ionization energies | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic radius | empirical: 132 pm (predicted)[4][7] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Covalent radius | 128 pm (estimated)[8] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural occurrence | synthetic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Crystal structure | body-centered cubic (bcc) (predicted)[5] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CAS Number | 54083-77-1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Naming | after Darmstadt, Germany, where it was discovered | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discovery | Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (1994) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Isotopes of darmstadtium | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The element is named in honor of German city Darmstadt.
Darmstadtium is a radioactive element that does not exist in nature. It has to be made. The isotopes with an atomic mass from 267 to 273 have very short half-lifes. The half life of these isotopes is measured in milliseconds. Isotopes of darmstadtium with an atomic mass of 279 and 281 were synthesised after the other isotopes. Ds-279 and Ds-281 decay more slowly. The isotope with an atomic mass of 279 has a half life of 180 milliseconds and Ds-281 has a half life of 11.1 seconds.
No uses for darmstadtium are known. What darmstadtium looks like is not known because not enough has been made to see it with human eyesight.
History
changeDarmstadtium was first made on November 9, 1994. It was made at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany. Only a few atoms of it were made. It was made by bombarding a lead target with nickel. A nuclear fusion reaction happened and made the element.[10]
This is shown by the equation below that is the reaction that happened. Pb is the symbol for lead, Ni is the symbol for nickel and n is the symbol for a neutron.
- 208
82Pb + 62
28Ni→ 269
110Ds + 1
0n
The element was named for Darmstadt which was the place of its discovery. The GSI is in Wixhausen, a part of the north of the city of Darmstadt. The new name (darmstadtium) was given to the chemical element by the IUPAC in August 2003.[11]
References
change- ↑ "darmstadtium". Lexico UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2020-03-08.
- ↑ Darmstadtium. The Periodic Table of Videos. University of Nottingham. September 23, 2010. Retrieved October 19, 2012.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands. ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 1-4020-3555-1.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Östlin, A.; Vitos, L. (2011). "First-principles calculation of the structural stability of 6d transition metals". Physical Review B. 84 (11). Bibcode:2011PhRvB..84k3104O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.84.113104.
- ↑ Fricke, Burkhard (1975). "Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties". Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry. Structure and Bonding. 21: 89–144. doi:10.1007/BFb0116498. ISBN 978-3-540-07109-9. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Fricke, Burkhard (1975). "Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties". Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry. 21: 89–144. doi:10.1007/BFb0116498. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
- ↑ Chemical Data. Darmstadtium - Ds, Royal Chemical Society
- ↑ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
- ↑ Holleman, A.F.; Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils (2001). Inorganic Chemistry. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-352651-9.
- ↑ IUPAC: Element 110 is named darmstadtium Archived 2003-10-01 at the Wayback Machine (HTML) Accessed 21 November 2006.
Other websites
change
- WebElements.com - Darmstadtium
- IUPAC: Element 110 is named darmstadtium Archived 2003-10-01 at the Wayback Machine
- Apsidium - darmstadtium Archived 2004-12-04 at the Wayback Machine